47:
549:
211:
218:
710:
640:
1466:
34:
847:
1478:
1403:
54:
1454:
858:(where the seabed is sandy) and with an approach course perpendicular to the coast; it is possible to dock at the pier or tie up against a buoy, but dropping anchor is not allowed; there is also a small heliport for emergencies. To visit the island, one must apply for access at the Forestry Corps in Follonica.
596:
agents. Among
Italian officers assigned as instructors were Count Marco deCarrobio and Luigi Ferri. The would-be agents belonged to a right wing Albanian expatriate organization known as the Bloku Kombetar Independent led by activist Alush Leshanaku, according to Shyqri Bicaku, an Elbasan native, who
861:
Visitors with basic authorization must stay at Cala
Maestra, and can visit only the Royal Villa, the botanical garden, and the museum. The waiting list for access is long, since the limit for visitors has been set at only 1,000 per year. The average waiting time for approval to visit is three years,
538:
which now infests the island. The few modern buildings of
Montecristo, such as the Royal Villa, date from this period. The island was then purchased by the Italian government on 3 June 1869 for the sum of £100,000. Montecristo had previously been plundered in 1860 by Italian exiles living in London,
700:
The island of
Montecristo, like all the islands of the archipelago, has a mild climate, with a constant sea breeze, much sunshine, and very little rainfall (average annual values much lower than 500 mm (20 in)); the climate is characterised by mild and moderately rainy winters and summers
857:
Visitors face a number of restrictions. It is not possible to stay overnight, and swimming, and surfing are prohibited within 1 kilometer of the coast. It is possible to cruise within three miles (4.8 km) of the coast, but fishing is not allowed. Access by sea is possible only at Cala
Maestra
600:
Montecristo was used as a Navy training base only from
September to November 1948, when the trainees were transferred to Italy's west coast. Four of the trained agents were parachuted into Albania in February, 1949, but soon quit their mission and escaped to Greece due to a failed field radio.
514:. The first attempts to colonise Monte Cristo, at the time owned by Charles Cambiagi, were made in 1840 by two German hermits, Augustin Eulhardt and Joseph Keim, who eventually abandoned the attempt. In 1843, other people arrived with the intention of cultivating the island: young
597:
underwent training; Bicaku was also taught to use a field radio and became so proficient he was hired on to instruct secret agents from
Romania to use the radio for their October, 1951 covert parachute drop into Romania's mountains; the Romanians were captured, tried and executed.
472:. In this period, the Monastery of St. Mamilian was founded; as a result of donations to the Church, its wealth became legendary, and a chapel was built in the St. Mamiliano Cave where the saint had lived in the fifth century. In 1216, the monks joined the order of the
349:. The island has an area of 10.39 km (4.01 sq mi), is approximately 4.1 km (2.5 mi) wide at its widest point, and is 3.4 km (2.1 mi) long; the coasts are steep, and extend for 16 km (9.9 mi). The island is a state
518:
Adolph Franz Obermüller, and after a few months, Frenchman
Charles Legrand and his girlfriend. Also during 1843, there were other attempts of colonisation by French agriculturalist George Guiboud, which ended with yet another failure. In 1846, some
2202:
495:, heading for Elba, stormed the monastery, enslaved the monks, and decreed its end. After that, the island was uninhabited. In the second half of the sixteenth century, together with most of the Tuscan Archipelago, it became part of the
523:
made a similar effort, while in 1849 Frenchman
Jacques Abrial was able to farm the island for three years. In 1852, a rich Englishman named George Watson-Taylor bought Montecristo and transformed Cala Maestra into a garden, planting
611:, present on the island at least since Roman times, have greatly increased in numbers and pose a serious threat to the birds of Montecristo. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, the island was bombed from the air with
1179:
545:, but were shipwrecked on the island. Faced with the huge sum of money claimed by the owner to repair the damage, the government thought it better to buy the island, which was still uninhabited.
1211:
690:. The mountain chain that crosses the island has three main peaks: Monte della Fortezza (645 m), Cima del Colle Fondo (621 m) and Cima dei Lecci (563 m). Montecristo's only natural harbour is
721:
The conditions that restricted the establishment of human settlements on
Montecristo have favoured the preservation of its flora and fauna. Animals and plants once found throughout the
1304:
1058:
1763:
1319:
2218:
1365:
1105:
912:
476:. Thanks to the donations of several noble families, the monastery became powerful and rich, and this gave rise to the legend of treasure hidden on the island.
1189:
862:
and priority is given to scientific expeditions, associations, and schools. Tours take place only on three existing trails, all of which are very challenging.
2210:
1510:
2065:
2144:
2057:
2049:
977:
839:
is a biogenetic reserve of 1,039 hectares established in 1971 by ministerial decree to protect the unique nature of the island. Today it belongs to the
1282:
2309:
2265:
1221:
1151:
682:, has a slightly elliptical shape, and is wholly mountainous, with several rock ledges rising steeply from the sea. It consists almost entirely of
1756:
1966:
1878:
1036:
2073:
2030:
2022:
1982:
1950:
1918:
1910:
1870:
1862:
1846:
1822:
1814:
1266:
803:
was also to be found, a critically endangered species that has become extremely rare in Italian waters. Endemic species include the plant
2314:
1749:
46:
2014:
2319:
2080:
585:
During the Second World War the island, important because of its position between Italy and occupied Corsica, was garrisoned by the
1503:
1413:
840:
354:
210:
1323:
1660:
1386:
843:. It was also awarded the European Diploma of Protected Areas in 1988, and recognized as a site of pan-European interest.
315:
20:
1444:
1407:
2304:
2184:
1958:
592:
In the late 1940s, the Italian Navy Intelligence Agency temporarily took over the island for use as a training base for
571:
556:
After other attempts at colonisation in 1878, the Italian government founded a penal colony there, a branch of that in
2299:
1496:
828:
827:
Nowadays the island has only two permanent human inhabitants, both nature reserve keepers. In addition, agents of the
226:
2275:
2170:
1344:
1902:
1773:
917:
564:
362:
2163:
1886:
1838:
1830:
902:
484:
1700:
981:
1854:
1670:
1125:
800:
1710:
1629:
2137:
1998:
1725:
1665:
1634:
1614:
604:
After several episodes of vandalism and speculation attempts, the nature reserve was established in 1971.
511:
306:
1705:
1589:
1942:
775:, as of 2012 critically endangered on the island). The island also hosts the only Italian population of
1695:
1690:
1609:
548:
1720:
418:
on the highest mountain, of which some traces remain. During the imperial age, the Romans opened some
2119:
1934:
1619:
1594:
624:
1730:
1715:
1604:
1599:
2177:
2104:
1894:
1685:
1216:
1184:
1156:
772:
741:
672:
579:
530:
503:
454:
415:
342:
178:
1624:
1655:
1639:
1519:
1099:
907:
735:
330:
173:
90:
709:
1741:
1990:
1675:
1380:
1298:
1262:
1052:
739:, a subspecies also present in southern Italy, and today considered introduced by humans) and
722:
541:
496:
469:
1579:
1003:
733:
that manage to survive at the highest altitudes. Also interesting are the Montecristo viper (
2094:
2087:
2006:
1792:
1458:
759:
664:
660:
593:
535:
480:
427:
360:
Much of the island's fame is derived from the fact that it provides the title of 1844 novel
297:
245:
161:
1778:
780:
515:
441:
Around the middle of the fifth century AD, the caves of the island became home to several
367:
1337:
1131:(in Italian). Corpo Forestale dello Stato – Parco Nazionale dell'arcipelago toscano
2244:
2127:
1553:
1470:
941:
764:
693:
648:
582:, and after 1899 it became a royal hunting ground for Victor Emmanuel's exclusive use.
575:
488:
465:
350:
326:
80:
2293:
2250:
1974:
1797:
1548:
796:
726:
627:
species of wildlife and the surrounding waters might also be adversely affected. The
815:
of Monte Cristo), also present on the islet of Scola, near Pianosa, and the reptile
2256:
1482:
683:
586:
338:
835:
live there in alternating shifts of two weeks at a time. The state nature reserve
639:
1126:"Piano per l'eradicazione del ratto nero Rattus Rattus nell'isola di Montecristo"
936:
2203:
The Black Count: Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo
1320:"Ministero dell'Ambiente – Le aree protette italiane insignite del Diploma"
1152:"Piovono esche avvelenate per salvare Montecristo dall'invasione dei ratti neri"
784:
612:
473:
33:
398:
of Elba's mines was melted. The Greeks gave Montecristo its oldest known name,
2111:
763:, thrives on the island. Montecristo is also a resting place for thousands of
687:
608:
525:
1428:
1415:
1926:
1584:
1543:
1465:
846:
832:
776:
746:
628:
616:
435:
383:
567:, who restored the Villa and transformed the island into a hunting ground.
1402:
2226:
750:
620:
507:
450:
395:
387:
379:
1680:
1563:
1533:
788:
768:
668:
652:
557:
446:
423:
391:
166:
1180:"Island of Montecristo to be bombed with poison after rat infestation"
1488:
754:
679:
492:
442:
419:
334:
729:
formations covering the valley floors and several thousand-year-old
697:, on the northwest side. The island has plentiful water resources.
845:
812:
792:
708:
638:
547:
520:
407:
346:
152:
1538:
656:
431:
1745:
1492:
725:
still live on the island. Of particular interest are the giant
461:("Mountain of Christ"), from which the modern name is derived.
426:, perhaps used in the construction of villas on the islands of
749:
found only in a couple of islands in Tuscany and Sardinia. An
730:
877:
Fortress of Monte Cristo on the island's highest peak (645 m)
1212:"Plan to 'bomb' Montecristo with rat pellets may be blocked"
1285:(in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 January 2014
1039:(in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 January 2014
320:
284:
263:
410:
of the rocks. The Romans, however, knew it under the name
254:
980:(in Italian). Corpo forestale dello Stato. Archived from
275:
892:
Chapel of Santa Maria at the Cala di Santa Maria (ruins)
623:, despite concerns raised by environmental groups that
1368:. 2013-06-05. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03
570:
In 1896, Montecristo was the honeymoon destination of
19:
This article is about the island. For other uses, see
1442:
278:
269:
257:
248:
281:
272:
260:
2237:
2194:
2155:
2041:
1806:
1785:
1648:
1572:
1526:
266:
251:
197:
189:
184:
172:
160:
144:
136:
128:
120:
112:
104:
96:
86:
76:
71:
510:; after his fall, it became the possession of the
678:The island, formed by the heaving of a submarine
1303:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1057:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
701:that are hot and dry, but sometimes very muggy.
386:exploited the forests of oak needed to fuel the
978:"Riserva Naturale Statale Isola di Montecristo"
779:. The sea environment is quite rich: there are
528:and many exotic plants, among them the Asiatic
1366:"The Forbidden Island of Montecristo, Tuscany"
913:Introduced mammals on seabird breeding islands
464:At the beginning of the seventh century, Pope
1757:
1504:
1338:"Habitats Directive WWF European Shadow List"
8:
675:rock, also known as Formica di Montecristo.
26:
1090:Peria, Gloria; Ferruzzi, Silvestre (2010).
889:Mill at the Grotto of St. Mamiliano (ruins)
563:In 1889, Montecristo was given to Marquess
468:submitted them to the monastic rule of the
414:("Mount Jupiter"), and erected an altar to
1764:
1750:
1742:
1511:
1497:
1489:
1104:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1092:L'isola d'Elba e il culto di San Mamiliano
539:who had come to Italy to join up with the
378:The history of the island begins with the
25:
2266:Revenge Is a Dish Best Served Three Times
1006:. Ente Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano
479:The island was once a possession of the
1449:
1259:Arcipelago Toscano e il Parco Nazionale
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
928:
552:Ruins of the Monastery of San Mamiliano
1378:
1296:
1097:
1050:
667:peninsula, southeast of the island of
607:In December 2011 it was reported that
370:, and is one of the novel's settings.
2074:Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo
1119:
1117:
1115:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
333:. Administratively it belongs to the
296:
7:
1261:(in Italian). Pisa: Pacini Editore.
1004:"Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano"
823:Island of Montecristo nature reserve
615:, as had recently been attempted on
100:10.39 km (4.01 sq mi)
1124:Paolo Sposino & others (2011).
217:
53:
1150:Gasperetti, Marco (3 March 2012),
631:trees were also to be eradicated.
14:
1210:Squires, Nick (31 January 2012).
1178:Squires, Nick (15 January 2012),
767:and is home to large colonies of
643:A satellite picture of the island
453:, the most important of whom was
2310:Arcipelago Toscano National Park
1661:Faraglione dell'Isola del Giglio
1476:
1464:
1452:
1401:
841:Tuscan Archipelago National Park
578:(at that time crown prince) and
483:, but was later acquired by the
355:Tuscan Archipelago National Park
244:
216:
209:
52:
45:
32:
647:Montecristo is located in the
502:The island was annexed to the
1:
457:. They christened the island
230:Montecristo and close islands
2185:The Baron of Magister Valley
2015:The Prisoner of Château d'If
1959:The Treasure of Monte Cristo
1322:(in Italian). Archived from
817:Podarcis muralis calabresiae
760:Podarcis muralis calabresiae
321:
16:Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea
1094:(in Italian). Portoferraio.
771:(particularly relevant the
2338:
2277:The Monte Cristo of Prague
1967:The Return of Monte Cristo
1879:The Return of Monte Cristo
1640:Scoglietto di Portoferraio
1257:Lambertini, Marco (2002).
871:Monastery of St. Mamiliano
499:, a client Spanish state.
310:
116:3.4 km (2.11 mi)
108:4.1 km (2.55 mi)
18:
2315:The Count of Monte Cristo
2219:The Count of Monte Cristo
2214:(Wildhorn-Murphy musical)
2211:The Count of Monte Cristo
2145:The Count of Monte Cristo
2066:The Count of Monte Cristo
2058:The Count of Monte Cristo
2050:The Count of Monte Cristo
2031:The Count of Monte Cristo
2023:The Count of Monte Cristo
1983:The Count of Monte Cristo
1951:The Count of Monte Cristo
1919:The Count of Monte Cristo
1911:The Count of Monte Cristo
1903:The Sword of Monte Cristo
1871:The Count of Monte Cristo
1847:The Count of Monte Cristo
1823:The Count of Monte Cristo
1815:The Count of Monte Cristo
1774:The Count of Monte Cristo
1385:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1283:"Isolani, ma non isolate"
942:Dictionary.com Unabridged
918:The Count Of Monte Cristo
363:The Count of Monte Cristo
201:0.15/km (0.39/sq mi)
149:
132:645 m (2116 ft)
124:17 km (10.6 mi)
40:
31:
2320:Frazioni of Portoferraio
2164:The Stars My Destination
1887:The Wife of Monte Cristo
1863:El Conde de Monte Cristo
903:List of islands of Italy
659:, west of the island of
485:Principality of Piombino
416:Iuppiter Optimus Maximus
2171:The Stars' Tennis Balls
1855:The Son of Monte Cristo
805:Limonium Montis-christi
801:Mediterranean monk seal
686:with large crystals of
325:), is an island in the
298:[ˌmonteˈkristo]
2138:El Conde: Amor y honor
1671:Isolotto della Paolina
883:Natural History Museum
854:
799:. Until the 1970s the
718:
644:
553:
512:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
353:and forms part of the
129:Highest elevation
1711:Scoglio della Triglia
1630:Isolotto della Scarpa
1410:at Wikimedia Commons
874:Cave of St. Mamiliano
849:
837:Isola di Monte Cristo
712:
642:
635:Geography and climate
551:
2253:(possible prototype)
1935:Vanji-Kottai Valipan
1726:Scoglione di Capraia
1701:Scoglio dell'Ogliera
1666:Formiche della Zanca
1635:Isolotto della Scola
1615:Isola della Peraiola
1595:Formiche di Grosseto
829:State Forestry Corps
809:Oxychilus oglasicola
713:Montecristo's goat (
227:class=notpageimage|
2305:Province of Livorno
2178:A Prisoner of Birth
1895:Mask of the Avenger
1706:Scoglio della Manza
1649:Islets and skerries
1590:Formiche di Capraia
1425: /
1217:The Daily Telegraph
1185:The Daily Telegraph
1157:Corriere della Sera
807:, the invertebrate
773:yelkouan shearwater
742:Discoglossus sardus
580:Elena of Montenegro
572:Victor Emmanuel III
531:Ailanthus altissima
343:province of Livorno
28:
2300:Islands of Tuscany
2123:(Colombian remake)
1520:Tuscan Archipelago
1408:Montecristo island
1224:on 2 February 2012
1192:on 15 January 2012
984:on 30 January 2012
908:Tuscan Archipelago
855:
736:Vipera aspis hugyi
719:
645:
554:
445:escaping from the
331:Tuscan Archipelago
137:Highest point
91:Tuscan Archipelago
2287:
2286:
2069:(1998 miniseries)
1991:Bhuierantlo Munis
1739:
1738:
1696:Scoglio del Gatto
1691:Scoglio del Corvo
1610:Isola della Cappa
1429:42.333°N 10.317°E
1406:Media related to
1268:978-88-7781-334-3
497:Stato dei Presidi
466:Gregory the Great
319:
205:
204:
2327:
2115:(Turkish remake)
2098:(Mexican remake)
1766:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1721:Scoglio Remaiolo
1686:Scoglio d'Africa
1513:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1469:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1405:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1220:. Archived from
1207:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1188:, archived from
1175:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1095:
1087:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1033:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
955:
954:
952:
950:
933:
886:Botanical Garden
781:seagrass meadows
673:Scoglio d'Africa
671:and east of the
665:Monte Argentario
536:invasive species
481:Republic of Pisa
408:yellowish colour
329:and part of the
324:
314:
312:
300:
295:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
220:
219:
213:
56:
55:
49:
36:
29:
2337:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2233:
2190:
2151:
2131:(Indian remake)
2037:
1802:
1781:
1779:Alexandre Dumas
1770:
1740:
1735:
1644:
1620:Isola di Ortano
1568:
1522:
1517:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1399:
1394:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1238:
1227:
1225:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1163:
1161:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1067:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1019:
1009:
1007:
1002:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
958:
948:
946:
935:
934:
930:
926:
899:
868:
825:
765:migratory birds
707:
637:
376:
368:Alexandre Dumas
301:) and formerly
293:
247:
243:
233:
232:
231:
229:
223:
222:
221:
156:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2247:(collaborator)
2245:Auguste Maquet
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2222:(Behr musical)
2215:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2128:Karmma Calling
2124:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1731:Secche di Vada
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Scoglio Forano
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1605:Isola dei Topi
1602:
1600:Isola Corbella
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1434:42.333; 10.317
1398:
1397:External links
1395:
1393:
1392:
1357:
1329:
1326:on 2011-07-02.
1311:
1274:
1267:
1236:
1202:
1170:
1142:
1111:
1065:
1017:
995:
956:
937:"Monte Cristo"
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
915:
910:
905:
898:
895:
894:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
867:
864:
824:
821:
753:subspecies of
706:
703:
649:Tyrrhenian Sea
636:
633:
613:poison pellets
375:
372:
351:nature reserve
327:Tyrrhenian Sea
225:
224:
215:
214:
208:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
191:
187:
186:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
150:
147:
146:
145:Administration
142:
141:
140:Mount Fortezza
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
81:Tyrrhenian Sea
78:
74:
73:
69:
68:
59:
58:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2333:
2332:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:Pierre Picaud
2249:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:Jeevan Mrityu
1972:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Edmond Dantès
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:Minor islands
1571:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1438:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1005:
999:
996:
983:
979:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
957:
945:(Online). n.d
944:
943:
938:
932:
929:
923:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
896:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
869:
865:
863:
859:
853:
850:The beach of
848:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
822:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
728:
724:
723:Mediterranean
716:
711:
704:
702:
698:
696:
695:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
641:
634:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
602:
598:
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
561:
559:
550:
546:
544:
543:
542:Camicie rosse
537:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:French Empire
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
373:
371:
369:
365:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
317:
308:
307:Ancient Greek
304:
299:
289:
241:
237:
228:
212:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
180:
177:
175:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
155:
154:
148:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
70:
48:
39:
35:
30:
22:
2276:
2270:The Simpsons
2269:
2257:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2143:
2136:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2103:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1839:Monte Cristo
1837:
1831:Monte Cristo
1829:
1821:
1813:
1772:
1625:Isole Gemini
1558:
1527:Main islands
1400:
1370:. Retrieved
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1332:
1324:the original
1314:
1287:. Retrieved
1277:
1258:
1226:. Retrieved
1222:the original
1215:
1205:
1194:, retrieved
1190:the original
1183:
1173:
1162:, retrieved
1160:(in Italian)
1155:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1091:
1041:. Retrieved
1008:. Retrieved
998:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
947:. Retrieved
940:
931:
860:
856:
852:Cala Maestra
851:
836:
826:
816:
808:
804:
785:sea anemones
758:
740:
734:
720:
715:Capra hircus
714:
699:
691:
684:granodiorite
677:
646:
606:
603:
599:
591:
587:Italian army
584:
569:
565:Carlo Ginori
562:
555:
540:
529:
501:
478:
470:Benedictines
463:
459:Mons Christi
458:
455:St. Mamilian
440:
411:
406:, after the
403:
399:
392:the mainland
377:
361:
359:
339:Portoferraio
335:municipality
302:
240:Monte Cristo
239:
235:
234:
198:Pop. density
185:Demographics
151:
21:Monte Cristo
2280:(1929 film)
2261:(2010 film)
2206:(biography)
2081:Montecristo
1656:Argentarola
1559:Montecristo
1432: /
1350:27 February
1309:archive.org
1289:27 February
1063:archive.org
1043:27 February
988:28 February
949:28 February
880:Royal Villa
655:, south of
487:. In 1553,
474:Camaldolese
422:to extract
236:Montecristo
87:Archipelago
60:Montecristo
27:Montecristo
2294:Categories
2156:Literature
2042:Television
1999:Padayottam
1798:Abbé Faria
1786:Characters
1372:2016-12-07
1037:"Timeline"
924:References
797:moonfishes
777:wild goats
688:orthoclase
625:indigenous
609:black rats
526:eucalyptus
412:Mons Jovis
394:where the
388:bloomeries
190:Population
1943:Raj Tilak
1927:Karkottai
1585:Palmaiola
1544:Giannutri
1459:Geography
1100:cite book
866:Landmarks
833:Follonica
747:amphibian
629:Ailanthus
617:Giannutri
436:Giannutri
384:Etruscans
316:romanized
121:Coastline
72:Geography
2272:episode)
2227:Christ 0
2120:Venganza
1676:Le Scole
1381:cite web
1299:cite web
1053:cite web
897:See also
789:sea fans
769:seabirds
705:Wildlife
663:and the
651:east of
621:Sardinia
516:Tyrolean
508:Napoleon
451:Genseric
420:quarries
396:iron ore
380:Iron Age
294:Italian:
174:Province
77:Location
2238:Related
2230:(album)
2112:İntikam
2105:Revenge
1681:Meloria
1580:Cerboli
1564:Pianosa
1554:Gorgona
1534:Capraia
1471:Islands
1445:Portals
1420:10°19′E
1417:42°20′N
1228:2 March
1196:2 March
1164:5 March
1135:1 March
1010:2 March
751:endemic
727:heather
694:Maestra
669:Pianosa
653:Corsica
558:Pianosa
521:Genoese
491:pirate
489:Ottoman
447:Vandals
443:hermits
424:granite
404:Ocrasia
374:History
341:in the
322:Ōglássa
318::
311:Ὠγλάσσα
238:, also
179:Livorno
167:Tuscany
2148:(2024)
2061:(1964)
2053:(1956)
2034:(2024)
2026:(2002)
2018:(1988)
2010:(1986)
2002:(1982)
1994:(1977)
1986:(1975)
1978:(1970)
1970:(1968)
1962:(1961)
1954:(1961)
1946:(1958)
1938:(1958)
1930:(1954)
1922:(1954)
1914:(1953)
1906:(1951)
1898:(1951)
1890:(1946)
1882:(1946)
1874:(1943)
1866:(1942)
1858:(1940)
1850:(1934)
1842:(1929)
1834:(1922)
1826:(1913)
1818:(1912)
1549:Giglio
1265:
793:corals
755:lizard
680:pluton
661:Giglio
594:covert
506:under
493:Dragut
434:, and
428:Giglio
400:Oglasa
382:. The
303:Oglasa
162:Region
105:Length
2258:Dumas
2195:Other
1807:Films
1483:Italy
1341:(PDF)
1129:(PDF)
831:from
813:snail
745:, an
692:Cala
576:Savoy
534:, an
366:, by
347:Italy
153:Italy
113:Width
2095:Yago
2088:Ezel
2007:Veta
1539:Elba
1387:link
1352:2012
1305:link
1291:2012
1263:ISBN
1230:2012
1198:2012
1166:2012
1137:2012
1106:link
1059:link
1045:2012
1012:2012
990:2012
951:2018
795:and
731:oaks
657:Elba
619:and
432:Elba
97:Area
2268:" (
1777:by
1345:WWF
574:of
449:of
402:or
390:of
337:of
2296::
1383:}}
1379:{{
1343:.
1301:}}
1297:{{
1239:^
1214:.
1182:,
1154:,
1114:^
1102:}}
1098:{{
1068:^
1055:}}
1051:{{
1020:^
959:^
939:.
819:.
791:,
787:,
783:,
757:,
589:.
560:.
438:.
430:,
357:.
345:,
313:,
309::
292:,
285:oʊ
2264:"
1765:e
1758:t
1751:v
1512:e
1505:t
1498:v
1447::
1389:)
1375:.
1354:.
1307:)
1293:.
1271:.
1234:.
1232:.
1139:.
1108:)
1061:)
1047:.
1014:.
992:.
953:.
811:(
717:)
305:(
288:/
282:t
279:s
276:ɪ
273:r
270:k
267:ˈ
264:i
261:t
258:n
255:ɒ
252:m
249:ˌ
246:/
242:(
193:2
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
