325:/tsint'si mik/ ‘our language’. As a dialect continuum, dialects of Chimane-Mosetén include Covendo Mosetén (500–800 speakers), spoken in the village of Covendo; Santa Ana Mosetén (150–200 speakers); and Chimane (12,500–15,000 speakers). Covendo is a more remote village that is predominantly ethnic Mosetén, while Santa Ana Mosetén (located between Covendo Mosetén and Chimane) is spoken in Santa Ana, which has many Spanish speakers who have moved from other parts of Bolivia. Chimane is still vigorously spoken, while Mosetén is highly endangered.
247:
maintain use of the language without
Spanish influence. Tsimane' proper, on the other hand, has at least 4,000 speakers, and the number of speakers is growing. In addition, the majority of speakers of Tsimane' proper are monolingual. The Mosetén were in contact with missions for almost 200 years, while the Tsimane' have remained isolated for much longer, thus leading the Tsimane' to preserve their customs and traditions, including language, much more than the Mosetén.
5169:
145:
396:
Bolivian Law 3603 of 2007 Jan 17 recognizes the rights of the
Chimane and Moseten to their language in all aspects of life in Bolivia, including education, and Chimane translation of policy which concerns them, and that written Chimane must use the unique Chimane(-Moseten) alphabet. However, it does
246:
The dialects of
Tsimane' are in different sociolinguistic situations. Covendo Mosetén has around 600 speakers, while Santa Ana Mosetén only has around 150-200 speakers. Both of these dialects are fading quickly, and almost all speakers of these dialects are bilingual in Spanish. Only older speakers
381:
Chimane has been written since 1980 in a
Spanish-based alphabet devised by Wayne Gill. It uses the additional letters ṕ, ć, q́u, tś, ćh, mʼ, nʼ, ä. It is widely used in publications and is taught in Chimane schools.
234:(Bolivia). Sakel (2004) classifies them as two languages for a number of reasons, yet some of the variants of the language are mutually intelligible and they reportedly have no trouble communicating (
1193:, with Crevels, Mily and Simon van de Kerke in Sérgio Meira, Hein van der Voort (Editors): Current Studies on South American Languages, Indigenous Languages of Latin America 3, Leyde, CNWS, 2002
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Tsimane’ /tsi'maneʔ/ and Mosetén /mose'ten/ are self-designations that refer to both the language and ethnic group. Chimanes also refer to their language as
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98:
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1131:
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created an alphabet for
Moseten and Chimane which used only those letters found on a Spanish keyboard. It included the
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2512:
2216:
1210:
Ley 3603 de Enero 17 de 2007, declara patrimonio cultural, intangible de la nacion la lengua tsimane (chimane-mostene)
804:
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218:(Mosetén of Santa Ana, Mosetén of Covendo). Chimane is a language of the western Bolivian lowlands spoken by the
3026:
2858:
1913:
1729:
1463:
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4815:
4810:
4365:
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3828:
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2524:
1927:
1877:
1654:
1127:
666:
659:
636:
333:
Mosetenan has no obvious relatives among the languages of South
America. There is some lexicon shared with
4999:
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238:
16) and were evidently a single language separated recently through cultural contact (Campbell 2000).
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2020:
1989:
1955:
1943:
1902:
1777:
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1364:
1262:
Sakel, Jeanette (2009). Mosetén y
Chimane (Tsimane'). In: Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken (eds.)
527:
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2009:
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1977:
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841:
568:
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90:
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3803:
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1811:
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1233:
370:
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186:
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2419:
2376:
2241:
1822:
1754:
1573:
1392:
608:
421:
321:/tsɨnt'siʔkhan/ ‘in our (language)’, while Mosetenes also refer to their language as
5329:
5188:
5113:
3979:
2430:
643:
17:
812:
433:
416:
199:
5213:
5183:
2077:
1062:
1057:
492:
426:
390:
349:
relationship, which Suárez provided evidence for in the 1970s, and with which
223:
1664:
1105:
874:(1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Mosetene and Chimane.
773:
712:
474:
179:
163:
5068:
1147:
Amazonian
Languages: Language Isolates. Volume I: Aikanã to Kandozi-Chapra
170:
1290:
1300:
602:
150:
53:
1285:
3654:
3552:
1176:(Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
1122:(1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.).
361:
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
214:) is a South American language isolate. Some dialects are known as
1173:
Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
5072:
3701:
3673:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
1668:
1304:
1126:. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office:
393:
ph khdh ch chh tsh dh, and was adopted by the
Moseten.
5322:
5280:
5222:
5176:
5106:
5023:
4952:
4924:
4793:
4755:
4679:
4613:
4496:
4435:
4328:
4288:
4242:
4169:
4109:
4067:
3989:
3877:
3794:
3767:
3747:
3627:
3604:
3532:
3376:
3098:
3066:
2984:
2873:
2679:
2646:
2499:
2407:
2151:
2065:
1842:
1793:
1702:
1628:
1522:
1482:
1454:
1401:
1363:
1354:
1338:
193:
177:
161:
156:
136:
131:
113:
87:
77:
67:
59:
49:
32:
1232:
1235:Classification of South American Indian languages
5084:
3713:
1680:
1316:
1286:ELAR archive of Chimane Documentation Project
8:
3683:Families with more than 30 languages are in
1185:
1183:
1266:, vol. I, 333–375. La Paz: Plural editores.
1170:Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016).
1145:Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023).
5277:
5091:
5077:
5069:
4064:
3791:
3764:
3720:
3706:
3698:
3540:
3106:
2990:
2687:
2505:
2162:
1857:
1708:
1687:
1673:
1665:
1360:
1323:
1309:
1301:
1239:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
878:
29:
3729:Indigenous language families and isolates
27:Language of the western Bolivian lowlands
513:
407:
1050:
519:
341:, but these appear to be borrowings.
112:
7:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
397:not clarify which alphabet this is.
5356:Language isolates of South America
1295:Intercontinental Dictionary Series
1124:Handbook of South American Indians
373:language families due to contact.
25:
1274:(Thesis). University of Nijmegen.
848:
828:
817:
803:
794:
785:
778:
733:
724:
665:
658:
642:
635:
621:
614:
589:
580:
573:
499:
481:
465:
456:
438:
5167:
143:
1134:Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
5366:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area
5272:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area
1:
1258:. Cambridge University Press.
1149:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
1090:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
1132:Bureau of American Ethnology
511:Tsimane' has 24 consonants:
1191:Gender Agreement in Mosetén
5382:
4447:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
1256:The Languages of the Andes
38:Tsimané, Mosetén, Tsimane'
5165:
3668:
3543:
3109:
2993:
2690:
2508:
2165:
1860:
1711:
1696:Primary language families
1644:
840:
811:
772:
711:
601:
567:
546:
541:
531:
526:
521:
138:Official language in
42:
37:
5100:Jesuit Missions of Moxos
2513:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
1653:still recognized by the
1270:Sakel, Jeanette (2003).
1254:Adelaar, Wilhem (2004).
1086:Sakel, Jeanette (2004).
3680:have no living members.
1128:Smithsonian Institution
1068:(subscription required)
405:Tsimane' has 5 vowels:
353:(1990) is sympathetic.
5048:Unclassified languages
3660:Unclassified languages
3614:list of sign languages
2582:Northeastern Tasmanian
1636:Bolivian Sign Language
1474:South Bolivian Quechua
1469:North Bolivian Quechua
226:and the region around
4618:, Bolivia, and Chile)
4439:(west-central Brazil)
3635:Constructed languages
1655:Bolivian constitution
339:Uru–Chipaya languages
5361:Languages of Bolivia
2182:Binanderean–Goilalan
1464:Cusco–Collao Quechua
1332:Languages of Bolivia
1272:A Grammar of Mosetén
1088:A grammar of Mosetén
5041:Marañón River basin
4906:Tequiraca–Canichana
4886:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
3464:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
3367:Tequiraca–Canichana
3210:Harákmbut–Katukinan
1973:Northwest Caucasian
1967:Northeast Caucasian
1891:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
516:
410:
255:Dialects listed by
18:Mosetenan languages
4861:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
4794:Proposed groupings
3748:Language families
3086:Tarascan/Purépecha
2575:Northern Tasmanian
2333:South Bougainville
2294:North Bougainville
1264:Lenguas de Bolivia
1215:2012-09-25 at the
514:
408:
232:Department of Beni
222:peoples along the
5343:
5342:
5318:
5317:
5066:
5065:
5036:Extinct languages
4789:
4788:
4105:
4104:
3873:
3872:
3742:
3695:
3694:
3645:Language isolates
3623:
3622:
3528:
3527:
3094:
3093:
2980:
2979:
2675:
2674:
2622:Western Tasmanian
2540:Eastern Tasmanian
2495:
2494:
2217:East Geelvink Bay
2147:
2146:
1838:
1837:
1662:
1661:
1651:extinct languages
1624:
1623:
1339:National language
1229:Loukotka, Čestmír
1189:Sakel, Jeanette,
1156:978-3-11-041940-5
1120:Mason, John Alden
1066:(18th ed., 2015)
1035:
1034:
864:
863:
563:
556:
509:
508:
387:Colette Grinevald
264:Chimane dialects
205:
204:
122:Santa Ana Mosetén
83:5,300 (2004)
16:(Redirected from
5373:
5278:
5171:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5070:
5058:Linguistic areas
4926:Linguistic areas
4468:? Mura–Matanawí
4215:Andoque–Urequena
4065:
3792:
3765:
3736:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3699:
3541:
3495:Huaorani/Waorani
3379:(extant in 2000)
3343:Esmeralda–Yaruro
3114:Andoque–Urequena
3107:
2991:
2797:Plateau Penutian
2688:
2663:(Northern Daly?)
2506:
2392:Northwest Papuan
2356:Trans–New Guinea
2222:East New Britain
2197:Central Solomons
2163:
1908:Great Andamanese
1858:
1709:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1666:
1497:Eastern Bolivian
1361:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1302:
1275:
1259:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1207:
1201:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1083:
1070:
1069:
1055:
879:
852:
832:
821:
807:
798:
789:
782:
764:
757:
750:
737:
728:
719:
705:
694:
689:
674:
669:
662:
655:
646:
639:
630:
625:
618:
611:
593:
584:
577:
559:
554:
517:
503:
485:
469:
460:
442:
411:
357:Language contact
189:
173:
166:
149:
147:
146:
93:
30:
21:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5335:Beni Department
5314:
5276:
5218:
5172:
5163:
5159:Santa Magdalena
5102:
5097:
5067:
5062:
5019:
4948:
4920:
4881:Mataco–Guaicuru
4876:Katembri–Taruma
4841:Macro-Puinavean
4826:Macro-Otomákoan
4785:
4751:
4691:Mataco–Guaicuru
4675:
4609:
4492:
4431:
4324:
4300:Sechura–Catacao
4289:Pacific coast (
4284:
4243:Pacific coast (
4238:
4165:
4101:
4063:
3985:
3869:
3790:
3763:
3749:
3743:
3741:classification)
3735:
3726:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3664:
3650:Mixed languages
3619:
3600:
3535:
3524:
3378:
3372:
3227:Katembri–Taruma
3101:
3090:
3062:
2976:
2869:
2682:
2671:
2642:
2491:
2403:
2362:Turama–Kikorian
2272:Lower Mamberamo
2227:East Strickland
2155:
2143:
2061:
1849:
1844:
1834:
1789:
1698:
1693:
1663:
1658:
1640:
1620:
1518:
1478:
1450:
1397:
1356:
1350:
1334:
1329:
1282:
1269:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1217:Wayback Machine
1208:
1204:
1188:
1181:
1169:
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1164:
1157:
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1139:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1098:
1085:
1084:
1073:
1067:
1056:
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1042:
869:
746:
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685:
651:
607:
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403:
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359:
331:
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253:
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185:
169:
162:
144:
142:
139:
132:Official status
125:Covendo Mosetén
109:
94:
91:Language family
89:
80:
79:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5379:
5377:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5284:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5073:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5053:Classification
5050:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4939:Mamoré–Guaporé
4936:
4930:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4911:Wamo–Chapakura
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4891:Moseten–Chonan
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:Macro-Chibchan
4813:
4811:Macro-Arawakan
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4763:
4761:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4698:
4686:
4684:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4666:
4659:
4654:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4629:
4621:
4619:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4498:Mamoré–Guaporé
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4442:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4313:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4250:
4248:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4196:
4188:
4186:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4121:
4119:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3878:Eastern Brazil
3875:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3761:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3575:Indo-Pakistani
3572:
3567:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3346:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Piaroa–Saliban
3271:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3041:
3039:Tequistlatecan
3036:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2562:Marrku–Wurrugu
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1921:Hurro-Urartian
1917:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1629:Sign languages
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1281:
1280:External links
1278:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1260:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1220:
1202:
1179:
1162:
1155:
1137:
1111:
1096:
1071:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
989:
988:
985:
982:
978:
977:
974:
971:
967:
966:
963:
960:
956:
955:
952:
949:
945:
944:
941:
938:
934:
933:
930:
927:
923:
922:
919:
916:
912:
911:
908:
905:
901:
900:
897:
894:
890:
889:
886:
883:
868:
865:
862:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
846:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
826:
824:
822:
815:
809:
808:
801:
799:
792:
790:
783:
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
743:
742:
740:
738:
731:
729:
722:
720:
715:
709:
708:
706:
701:
699:
697:
695:
690:
682:
681:
679:
677:
675:
670:
663:
656:
648:
647:
640:
633:
631:
626:
619:
612:
605:
599:
598:
596:
594:
587:
585:
578:
571:
565:
564:
557:
551:
550:
545:
540:
530:
525:
520:
507:
506:
504:
497:
495:
489:
488:
486:
479:
477:
471:
470:
463:
461:
454:
448:
447:
445:
443:
436:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
402:
399:
378:
377:Writing system
375:
358:
355:
343:Morris Swadesh
330:
329:Classification
327:
314:
313:
312:
311:
310:
309:
306:
303:
297:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
271:
261:
252:
249:
243:
240:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
183:
175:
174:
167:
159:
158:
157:Language codes
154:
153:
140:
137:
134:
133:
129:
128:
127:
126:
123:
120:
119:Tsimane' (90%)
115:
111:
110:
108:
107:
99:Moseten–Chonan
97:
95:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
63:western Amazon
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Native to
47:
46:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5378:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5170:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5089:
5087:
5082:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5015:French Guiana
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:Je–Tupi–Carib
4869:
4867:
4866:Hibito–Cholon
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:Macro-Warpean
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:Hibito–Cholon
4348:
4346:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4312:
4311:Cañari–Puruhá
4309:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3769:Je–Tupi–Carib
3766:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3739:Campbell 2012
3734:
3733:South America
3730:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Original Thai
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3349:Hibito–Cholón
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3097:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2865:Yuman–Cochimí
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2600:Southern Daly
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:Darwin Region
2522:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Demta–Sentani
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1928:Indo-European
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1878:Austroasiatic
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:90-5789-076-3
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
968:
964:
961:
958:
957:
953:
950:
947:
946:
942:
939:
936:
935:
931:
928:
925:
924:
920:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
892:
891:
887:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
875:
873:
866:
860:
858:
856:
854:
851:
847:
845:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
827:
825:
823:
820:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
800:
797:
793:
791:
788:
784:
781:
777:
775:
771:
768:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
749:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
732:
730:
727:
723:
721:
716:
714:
710:
707:
702:
700:
698:
696:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
678:
676:
671:
668:
664:
661:
657:
654:
650:
649:
645:
641:
638:
634:
632:
627:
624:
620:
617:
613:
610:
606:
604:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
586:
583:
579:
576:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
552:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
518:
512:
505:
502:
498:
496:
494:
491:
490:
487:
484:
480:
478:
476:
473:
472:
468:
464:
462:
459:
455:
453:
450:
449:
446:
444:
441:
437:
435:
432:
431:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
412:
406:
400:
398:
394:
392:
388:
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
308:Nawazi-Monlji
307:
304:
301:
300:
298:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
268:
266:
265:
263:
262:
260:
258:
250:
248:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
182:
181:
176:
172:
168:
165:
160:
155:
152:
141:
135:
130:
124:
121:
118:
117:
116:
106:
103:
102:
100:
96:
92:
86:
82:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5330:Beni savanna
5261:
5139:Santos Reyes
4901:Saparo–Yawan
4851:Arutani–Sape
4836:Macro-Panoan
4831:Macro-Paesan
4821:Macro-Jibaro
4806:Macro-Andean
4778:
4771:
4742:Lule–Vilelan
4712:
4705:
4668:
4661:
4649:
4624:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4510:
4485:
4476:
4415:Saparo–Yawan
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4344:Pano–Tacanan
4342:
4315:
4277:
4270:
4253:
4247:and Ecuador)
4231:
4191:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4089:
4082:
4056:
4044:
4037:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4010:Arutani–Sape
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3862:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3783:
3776:
3756:
3750:and isolates
3684:
3677:
3676:Families in
3611:
3562:
3460:
3448:
3406:
3298:
3266:
3257:Pano-Tacanan
3214:
3177:
3165:
3136:Arutani–Sape
3128:
3073:
3055:
3048:
3033:Oto-Manguean
3031:
3014:
3007:
2954:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2887:
2880:
2857:
2850:
2838:
2811:
2789:
2782:
2770:
2758:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2701:
2694:
2653:
2620:
2616:Western Daly
2594:Pama–Nyungan
2592:
2580:
2573:
2560:
2538:
2533:Eastern Daly
2531:
2523:
2478:
2354:
2342:
2320:
2303:
2281:
2252:Kaure–Kosare
2212:Doso–Turumsa
2202:Chimbu–Wahgi
2192:Bulaka River
2176:Austronesian
2174:
2135:
2128:
2109:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1984:Sino-Tibetan
1982:
1965:
1948:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1895:
1885:Austronesian
1883:
1876:
1864:
1810:
1748:Nilo-Saharan
1746:
1739:
1724:Austronesian
1722:
1715:
1646:
1603:
1593:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1403:Pano–Tacanan
1271:
1263:
1255:
1234:
1223:
1205:
1190:
1172:
1165:
1146:
1140:
1123:
1114:
1087:
1061:
1053:
870:
510:
404:
395:
384:
380:
360:
347:Moseten–Chon
345:suggested a
332:
322:
318:
316:
254:
245:
235:
215:
211:
207:
206:
178:
104:
43:
5149:San Joaquín
5124:San Ignacio
4896:Quechumaran
4856:Bora–Witoto
4756:Far South (
4657:Uru–Chipaya
4633:Quechumaran
4518:Nambikwaran
4200:Bora–Witoto
4097:Ticuna–Yuri
3570:Germanosign
3474:Mura-Pirahã
3355:Lule–Vilela
3331:Bora-Witoto
3306:Uru–Chipaya
3279:Ticuna–Yuri
3262:Peba–Yaguan
3247:Nambikwaran
3050:Uto-Aztecan
2986:Mesoamerica
2840:Uto-Aztecan
2829:Tsimshianic
2791:Palaihnihan
2661:Malak-Malak
2398:Papuan Gulf
2372:West Papuan
2277:Lower Sepik
2267:Lakes Plain
2170:Arai–Samaia
2158:the Pacific
1866:Afroasiatic
1741:Niger–Congo
1717:Afroasiatic
813:Approximant
515:Consonants
391:multigraphs
363:Uru-Chipaya
323:tsinsi’ mik
5350:Categories
5282:Chapacuran
5144:Exaltación
5129:San Javier
4767:Qawasqaran
4701:Guaicuruan
4670:Mapudungun
4506:Chapacuran
4420:Peba–Yagua
4355:Cahuapanan
4272:Yurumanguí
3856:Chiquitano
3829:Maxakalian
3737:(based on
3564:Francosign
3412:Chiquitano
3392:Alacalufan
3200:Guaicuruan
3173:Chapacuran
3156:Cahuapanan
3124:Araucanian
3027:Mixe–Zoque
3022:Misumalpan
2736:Comecrudan
2588:Nyulnyulan
2367:Upper Yuat
2344:Torricelli
2316:Senu River
2247:Foja Range
2153:New Guinea
2078:Burushaski
1939:Kartvelian
1914:Hmong–Mien
1730:Khoe–Kwadi
1540:Chiquitano
1355:Indigenous
1097:3110183404
1063:Ethnologue
1040:References
867:Vocabulary
319:tsunsi’ĉan
236:Ethnologue
224:Beni River
5323:Geography
5295:Chapacura
5242:Canichana
5224:Languages
5194:Canichana
5154:Santa Ana
5134:San Borja
5031:Languages
5000:Venezuela
4960:Argentina
4953:Countries
4944:Amazonian
4556:Mosetenan
4550:Canichana
4462:Katukinan
4457:Harákmbut
4408:Tequiraca
4279:Esmeralda
4266:Barbacoan
4222:Guajiboan
4161:Jirajaran
4116:Venezuela
4052:Otomacoan
4004:Yanomaman
3995:Venezuela
3931:Pankararú
3849:Rikbaktsá
3595:Tanzanian
3536:languages
3433:Hodï/Joti
3377:Isolates
3316:Yanomaman
3252:Otomákoan
3216:Jirajaran
3205:Guajiboan
3167:Catacaoan
3146:Barbacoan
3075:Cuitlatec
3044:Totonacan
3003:Jicaquean
2882:Chimariko
2778:Muskogean
2760:Kalapuyan
2754:Iroquoian
2729:Chumashan
2722:Chinookan
2715:Chimakuan
2633:Yangmanic
2628:Worrorran
2611:Wagaydyic
2501:Australia
2350:Trans-Fly
2016:Yeniseian
2003:Tyrsenian
1897:Dravidian
1649:indicate
1611:Weenhayek
1579:Kallawaya
1546:Canichana
1357:languages
774:Fricative
748:aspirated
713:Affricate
687:aspirated
609:voiceless
533:Post-alv.
452:Close-mid
401:Phonology
385:In 1996,
302:Chimaniza
285:Punnucana
282:Magdaleno
228:San Borja
180:Glottolog
164:ISO 639-3
68:Ethnicity
44:tsinsimik
5305:Rocorona
5267:Reyesano
5252:Cayubaba
5204:Cayuvava
5119:Trinidad
5107:Missions
5010:Suriname
4990:Paraguay
4975:Colombia
4737:Huarpean
4732:Charruan
4727:Zamucoan
4722:Mascoyan
4696:Matacoan
4638:Quechuan
4562:Yuracaré
4529:Cayubaba
4523:Bororoan
4478:Matanawí
4425:Zaparoan
4394:Taushiro
4366:Candoshi
4360:Jivaroan
4255:Chibchan
4245:Colombia
4210:Witotoan
4193:Tucanoan
4175:Colombia
4156:Timotean
4151:Tiniguan
4112:Colombia
3938:Tarairiú
3917:Katembri
3885:Karirian
3824:Krenakan
3809:Jabutian
3796:Macro-Jê
3758:Arawakan
3628:See also
3605:Isolates
3580:Japanese
3520:Yuracaré
3402:Candoshi
3361:Macro-Jê
3326:Zaparoan
3321:Zamucoan
3311:Witotoan
3294:Tucanoan
3289:Tiniguan
3284:Timotean
3268:Quechuan
3237:Matacoan
3232:Mascoian
3222:Jivaroan
3185:Chibchan
3179:Charruan
3130:Arawakan
3067:Isolates
2998:Chibchan
2874:Isolates
2846:Wakashan
2807:Salishan
2749:Eskaleut
2655:Giimbiyu
2647:Isolates
2556:Jarrakan
2551:Iwaidjan
2408:Isolates
2262:Kutubuan
2130:Sumerian
2066:Isolates
2021:Yukaghir
1990:Tungusic
1956:Mongolic
1944:Koreanic
1903:Eskaleut
1794:Isolates
1778:Ubangian
1616:Yuracaré
1553:Cayubaba
1446:Yaminawa
1441:Toromona
1431:Reyesano
1426:Ese Ejja
1416:Cavineño
1365:Arawakan
1231:(1968).
1213:Archived
1106:56682554
888:Chimane
885:Mosetene
872:Loukotka
528:Alveolar
367:Yurakare
337:and the
299:Chimane
291:Muchanes
267:Moseten
259:(1950):
251:Dialects
212:Tsimane'
187:mose1249
114:Dialects
5310:Quitemo
5262:Tsimané
5257:Itonama
5214:Tsimané
5209:Itonama
5177:Peoples
4985:Ecuador
4965:Bolivia
4916:Amerind
4714:Payaguá
4683:–Pampas
4651:Puquina
4643:Aymaran
4614:Andes (
4597:Irantxe
4536:Itonama
4401:Urarina
4387:Waorani
4380:Munichi
4373:Omurano
4317:Mochica
4306:Chimuan
4261:Chocoan
4233:Puinave
4227:Nadahup
4140:Andaquí
4110:Andes (
4078:Sáliban
4016:Arutani
3991:Orinoco
3778:Cariban
3678:italics
3655:Pidgins
3640:Creoles
3590:Swedish
3558:Chinese
3505:Urarina
3490:Puinave
3444:Itonama
3438:Irantxe
3407:Chimane
3337:Chimuan
3242:Nadahup
3161:Cariban
3141:Aymaran
3102:America
2944:Waikuri
2937:Tonkawa
2930:Timucua
2923:Takelma
2916:Siuslaw
2905:Kutenai
2889:Esselen
2852:Wintuan
2813:Shastan
2784:Na-Dene
2772:Maiduan
2709:Caddoan
2683:America
2637:Wagiman
2635:(incl.
2606:Tangkic
2546:Garawan
2519:Bunuban
2480:Tambora
2447:Maybrat
2415:Abinomn
2338:Teberan
2299:Pauwasi
2289:Mairasi
2257:Kiwaian
2137:Tambora
2123:Shompen
2105:Kusunda
2098:Kenaboi
2084:Elamite
2056:Siangic
2038:Kho-Bwa
2032:Hrusish
1950:Kra–Dai
1934:Japonic
1843:Eurasia
1818:Sandawe
1801:Bangime
1766:Songhay
1647:Italics
1600:Tonalla
1595:Puquina
1569:Itonama
1564:Chipaya
1509:Sirionó
1504:Guarayu
1492:Guaraní
1456:Quechua
1421:Chácobo
1378:Iñapari
1346:Spanish
1291:Mosetén
1248:Sources
1058:Chimane
1020:ítsikí
1014:jaguar
937:tongue
932:múdyin
921:chiːbi
603:Plosive
548:Glottal
538:Palatal
422:Central
409:Vowels
351:Kaufman
335:Puquina
305:Chumano
273:Aparono
230:in the
220:Tsimane
216:Mosetén
208:Chimané
200:Mosetén
151:Bolivia
105:Chimane
72:Tsimané
54:Bolivia
33:Chimane
5300:Napeca
5247:Movima
5199:Movima
5114:Loreto
5005:Guyana
4970:Brazil
4773:Yaghan
4747:Chonan
4707:Guachí
4576:Aikanã
4543:Movima
4487:Trumai
4452:Arawan
4437:Amazon
4330:Amazon
4183:Vaupés
4179:Japurá
4171:Amazon
4146:Paezan
4058:Yaruro
3966:Xukurú
3910:Baenan
3903:Gamela
3896:Taruma
3890:Purían
3819:Karajá
3814:Kamakã
3785:Tupian
3553:BANZSL
3515:Yamana
3500:Trumai
3469:Movima
3423:Fulniô
3386:Aikanã
3300:Tupian
3195:Chonan
3119:Arauan
3057:Xincan
3009:Lencan
2962:Yokuts
2859:Yukian
2824:Tanoan
2819:Siouan
2802:Pomoan
2743:Coosan
2569:Mirndi
2462:Porome
2457:Pawaia
2311:Senagi
2283:Madang
2232:Eleman
2187:Border
2118:Nihali
2111:Minoan
2091:Hattic
2073:Basque
2044:Mijiic
2026:Digaro
2010:Uralic
1996:Turkic
1847:Europe
1704:Africa
1605:Warázu
1589:Movima
1559:Chimán
1535:Ayoreo
1530:Aymara
1484:Tupian
1436:Tacana
1411:Araona
1197:
1153:
1104:
1094:
1025:house
1017:itsiki
1003:maize
970:water
959:woman
926:tooth
918:chibin
915:three
653:voiced
523:Labial
369:, and
294:Tucupi
279:Chumpa
276:Cunana
242:Status
148:
60:Region
5290:Itene
5237:Baure
5189:Baure
5024:Lists
4980:Chile
4934:Chaco
4780:Chono
4758:Chile
4681:Chaco
4663:Kunza
4626:Culle
4604:Arara
4590:Kwazá
4583:Kanoê
4472:Muran
4205:Boran
4185:area)
4133:Camsá
4126:Cofán
4084:Betoi
4046:Guamo
4039:Warao
3952:Wamoé
3864:Guató
3842:Ofayé
3835:Jaikó
3510:Warao
3479:Nukak
3450:Kunza
3428:Guató
3417:Cofán
3397:Camsá
3190:Choco
3151:Boran
3100:South
3081:Huave
3016:Mayan
2967:Yuchi
2950:Washo
2900:Karuk
2895:Haida
2834:Utian
2766:Keres
2703:Alsea
2696:Algic
2681:North
2473:Taiap
2467:Sulka
2322:Sepik
2237:Engan
1978:Ongan
1961:Nivkh
1829:Shabo
1812:Jalaa
1806:Hadza
1760:Mande
1523:Other
1388:Pauna
1373:Baure
1045:Notes
1009:tãra
998:ihúa
992:moon
981:fire
948:hand
929:moñín
910:pöre
899:íris
882:gloss
842:Trill
718:plain
569:Nasal
555:plain
543:Velar
434:Close
417:Front
288:Rache
257:Mason
5232:Moxo
5184:Mojo
4995:Peru
4801:Duho
4616:Peru
4569:Leco
4512:Mure
4334:Peru
4291:Peru
4114:and
4091:Hodï
4070:Duho
4030:Máku
4023:Sapé
3973:Yaté
3959:Xokó
3945:Tuxá
3924:Natú
3685:bold
3612:See
3548:Arab
3534:Sign
3485:Páez
3462:Maku
3456:Leco
2972:Zuni
2956:Yana
2910:Seri
2667:Tiwi
2487:Wiru
2452:Mpur
2442:Kuot
2425:Anêm
2420:Abun
2387:Yuat
2382:Yawa
2328:Skou
2305:Ramu
2156:and
2050:Miju
1872:Ainu
1852:Asia
1850:and
1823:Laal
1784:Kadu
1772:Ijaw
1735:Kx'a
1584:Moré
1574:Leco
1514:Yuki
1393:Yine
1383:Moxo
1195:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1102:OCLC
1092:ISBN
1031:aká
1006:tára
995:ivua
987:tsí
976:oñé
973:oxñi
965:pén
943:ném
907:pára
904:two
896:irit
893:one
763:t͡ʃʰ
756:t͡sʰ
561:pal.
493:Open
427:Back
371:Pano
3980:Otí
3731:of
2437:Kol
2431:Ata
2377:Yam
2242:Fas
1755:Tuu
1060:at
1028:aka
984:tsi
962:pen
954:ín
940:nem
735:t͡ʃ
726:t͡s
475:Mid
270:Amo
195:ELP
171:cas
5352::
4689:?
4631:?
4445:?
4413:?
4304:?
4198:?
4177:,
4068:?
4008:?
3861:?
3804:Jê
2639:)?
1182:^
1130:,
1100:.
1074:^
951:uñ
704:kʰ
693:pʰ
673:dʲ
629:tʲ
365:,
101:?
5092:e
5085:t
5078:v
4760:)
4336:)
4332:(
4293:)
4181:–
4173:(
4118:)
3997:)
3993:(
3721:e
3714:t
3707:v
3687:.
3597:?
3481:?
3440:?
3419:?
3388:?
3369:?
3363:?
3357:?
3351:?
3345:?
3339:?
3333:?
2602:?
2565:?
2528:?
2515:?
2482:?
2475:?
2469:?
2433:?
2427:?
2400:?
2394:?
2139:?
2125:?
2113:?
2100:?
2058:?
2052:?
2046:?
2040:?
2034:?
2028:?
1854:)
1845:(
1831:?
1825:?
1786:?
1780:?
1774:?
1768:?
1762:?
1751:?
1688:e
1681:t
1674:v
1657:.
1324:e
1317:t
1310:v
1297:)
1293:(
1159:.
1108:.
850:r
830:j
819:ʋ
805:h
796:ʃ
787:s
780:f
667:d
660:b
644:ʔ
637:k
623:t
616:p
591:ɲ
582:n
575:m
535:/
501:a
483:ə
467:o
458:e
440:i
210:(
20:)
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