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reinforced with steel bands, with five metal spikes in symmetrical arrangement. The second example has an all-steel head of complex craftsmanship with four V-shaped spikes mounted on a long shaft that measures slightly less than two metres in length. A twisted and braided steel bar joins the socket to the base of the top spike. There are also 183 surviving specimens in
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weapon which is often described in modern sources as similar to the morning star. However, this is a misconception; it was an infantry weapon in the form of a thick wooden shaft between 1.2 to 1.8 m (3.9 to 5.9 ft) in length, slightly thicker toward the top, topped with a stout iron spike.
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There were three types, all differing in quality of workmanship. The first was the well-crafted military type used by professional soldiers, made in series by expert weaponsmiths for stocking in town arsenals. The second and much simpler type would have been hand-cut by peasant militia men, rather
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Two examples of the military type are housed in the museums of Vienna, both from the 16th century. The first measures 2.35 m (7 ft 9 in) in length including the top spike which is 54 cm (21 in). The head is a separate wooden cylinder slipped over the top of the shaft and
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weapon that developed somewhat independently; as the mace transitioned to being constructed entirely of metal, the morning star retained its characteristic wooden shaft. Many surviving morning stars are of a longer two-handed form typically six feet in length, with some longer examples.
206:, made in series and delivered to the arsenal in 1685. They are comparable in length to the previous examples and have three rows of spikes around the head. The wooden shafts of most morning stars of the military type are reinforced with metal
103:, usually with a long spike extending straight from the top and many smaller spikes around the particle of the head. Its simpler, rather improvised construction distinguish it from a flanged mace, which required the skilled craftsmanship of a
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forming three spikes each, reminiscent of a mace but with a short thick spike of square cross section extending from the top. The wooden shaft is reinforced with four langets and the overall length of the weapon is 74.5 inches (189 cm).
132:. The shaft and head were usually of one piece but sometimes reinforced at the top with an iron band. The third type was decorative in nature, usually short-hafted and made of metal, one sixteenth century example being of steel and
59:-like weapons consisting of a shaft with an attached ball adorned with one or more spikes, each used, to varying degrees, with a combination of blunt-force and puncture attack to kill or wound the enemy.
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near
Kortrijk (Courtrai) on 11 July 1302; however, on account of superior but more expensive alternatives, it saw limited service from the fifteenth century on, being used exclusively by the Flemish
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depicting a knight carrying a rather simple morning star with spikes mounted in an asymmetrical pattern as well as a flail equipped with a single spiked ball, known in German as a "
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pommels have also been used as weights.) However, there are few depictions of such a ball-and-chain flail from the period, so the weapon of this type appears to have been uncommon.
167:), was a morning star used by the English army in the sixteenth century and made in series by professional smiths. One such weapon can be found in the
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The morning star first came into widespread use around the beginning of the fourteenth century, particularly in
Germany where it was known as
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The art of attack: Being a study in the development of weapons and appliances of offence, from the earliest times to the age of gunpowder
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in German), which typically consists of a wooden shaft joined by a length of chain to one or more iron-shod wooden bars. (Heavy
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Hafted
Weapons in Medieval and Renaissance Europe: The Evolution of European Staff Weapons Between 1200 and 1650
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The goedendag was used to spear horses or knights, but little is certain about its precise mode of use.
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extending down from the head. Still others can be found in the Swiss arsenals of
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The term holy water sprinkler is also used to describe a type of military
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consisting of a spiked head mounted on a shaft, resembling a
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The weapon was used to great effect by the guildsmen of
324:' wealthy cities against the French knights during the
278:and first published in 1486, there is an anonymous
450:. Charles Christopher Black. George Bell. p.
226:These types of morning stars are also depicted in
262:between 1465 and 1470, and taken as plunder from
230:. For instance, one is shown being carried by an
426:. Ulverston: W. Holmes, ltd., Printers. p.
183:, this being the name for the weapon in French (
71:. The term is often confused with the military
557:Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry
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23:A morning star (middle) shown among other
290:) which is technically a military flail.
399:(2nd ed.). McFarland. p. 227.
518:. London: Herbert Jenkins. p. 247.
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156:sprinkler (from its resemblance to the
483:Norman, A.V.B.; Wilson, G.M. (1982).
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266:after one of his defeats during the
136:with inlaid gold and silver, in the
171:and has an all-steel head with six
107:. Versions of it were used by both
489:. London: Lund Humphries. p.
486:Treasures from the Tower of London
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258:. These tapestries were woven in
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234:knight or soldier in the Caesar
420:Cowper, Henry Swainson (1906).
270:against the Swiss. In the poem
35:Morning star (left), next to a
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397:Daily life in the Middle Ages
315:(or variant spellings) was a
55:) is any of several medieval
605:Medieval Military Technology
550:General and cited references
533:Medieval Military Technology
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330:Battle of the Golden Spurs
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535:, Broadview Press, 1998,
470:www.wallacecollection.org
611:(Broadview Press, 1998,
444:Demmin, Auguste (1894).
395:Newman, Paul B. (2001).
250:'s battle against the
95:The morning star is a
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637:Morning star (weapon)
514:Martin, Paul (1968).
272:Le Chevalier Délibéré
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639:at Wikimedia Commons
276:Olivier de la Marche
191:King John of Bohemia
148:Holy water sprinkler
37:ball-and-chain flail
561:Bradford Broughton
516:Armour and Weapons
288:chain-morning star
238:in the Historical
138:Wallace Collection
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29:
635:Media related to
589:by John Waldman (
284:Kettenmorgenstern
124:than turned on a
16:Club-like weapons
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658:Medieval weapons
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45:morning star
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563:(New York,
454:–423.
274:written by
158:aspergillum
69:Morgenstern
53:Morgenstern
647:Categories
256:Ariovistus
236:Tapestries
154:holy water
134:damascened
130:blacksmith
377:Citations
312:goedendag
305:Goedendag
299:Goedendag
186:goupillon
593:, 2005,
581:11624273
567:, 1986,
345:See also
335:burghers
322:Flanders
252:Germanic
197:Examples
162:Catholic
117:knightly
109:infantry
39:(right).
317:Flemish
280:woodcut
260:Tournai
254:leader
232:armored
212:Lucerne
208:langets
173:flanges
113:cavalry
63:History
27:designs
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356:KanabĆ
240:Museum
222:In art
216:ZĂŒrich
142:London
91:Design
49:German
591:Brill
181:flail
126:lathe
105:smith
85:sword
73:flail
613:ISBN
595:ISBN
577:OCLC
569:ISBN
537:ISBN
495:ISBN
401:ISBN
309:The
244:Bern
214:and
204:Graz
165:Mass
152:The
111:and
101:mace
57:club
25:club
607:by
559:by
452:420
328:or
242:of
140:of
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43:A
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
