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350:. And the priest commands, and slaughters the one bird in a pottery vessel upon living water. He takes the live bird and the cedar wood and the Coccus scarlet and the hyssop and dips them and the live bird in the blood of the bird slaughtered upon the living water. And sprinkle seven times upon him purified of leprosy, and he is purified, and sends the live bird upon the face of the field.
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he had been healed (Luke 5:14). The task of the priest was to make the person who had been excluded from the camp, from his people, and from God, ceremonially clean. Through these ceremonial cleansings, which took place in two stages, a week apart, the diseased individual was restored to fellowship
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Of the cedar wood, hyssop, clean bird, and scarlet wool or fillet, were made an aspergillum, or instrument to sprinkle with. The cedarwood served for the handle, the hyssop and living bird were attached to it, by means of the scarlet wool or crimson fillet. The bird was so bound to this handle, as
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The procedure was a first stage of cleansing which took place outside the camp. The man washed himself and his clothes, and shaved. Two birds were taken. The blood of one was used to purify the man. The death of that bird portrayed the end of the man's old life outside the camp, and the flight to
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Over running water – Literally "living", that is, spring water. The meaning appears to be this; some water (about a quarter of a log, an egg shell and half full, according to the rabbis) was taken from a spring, and put in a clean earthen vessel, and they killed the bird over this water, that the
359:
that its tail should be downwards, in order to be dipped in the blood of the bird that had been killed. The whole of this made an instrument for the sprinkling of this blood, and when this business was done, the living bird was let loose, and permitted to go whithersoever it would.
236:, if a coffin is present, the priest will sprinkle holy water on the coffin. The aspergillum can be used in other manners where sprinkling of holy water is appropriate, as in a house blessing, in which the priest might bless the entry to the home, during the
182:
branch, a brush-like bundle that is dipped in the holy water and shaken, and a perforated, mace-like metal ball with a handle. Some have sponges or internal reservoirs that dispense holy water when shaken, while others must periodically be dipped in an
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Since the 9th century it became tradition for the priest to sprinkle ("asperse") holy water on altar, worshippers, and the dead, in coffin or grave. During mass, this ceremony would take place before
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401:. For this, the priest would use either a sprig of hyssop in reference or the aspergillum would be dipped into the situla, a small bucket made of metals such as bronze, wood or
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Hearing Before the
Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-third Congress, Second Session
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An aspergillum is used to pour sacred water on guests and also throughout a wedding. It is also used to pour holy water on Hindu deities in temples.
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696:. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Parks and Recreation. p. 39
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freedom of the other pictured his liberation from the effects of the disease. Then the man might enter the camp again."
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of the leper is healed. And the priest commands, and takes, for the one healed, two unblemished live birds, cedar wood,
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248:. The priest holds the aspergillum in his right hand while an acolyte holds the aspersorium. The name derives from the
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Bennett, Joan W. (2010). "An
Overview of the Genus Aspergillus". In Machida, Masayuki; Gomi, Katsuya (eds.).
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Further, these ceremonies conducted by the priest did not cure skin disease. According to
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457:. When viewed under a microscope, the mold cells were said to resemble an aspergillum.
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224:. In addition, a priest will use the aspergillum to bless the candles during
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goes out of the camp and the priest looks, and beholds that the sore of the
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437:. Lunarized water, saltwater, or rainwater are most typically used.
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19:"Holy water sprinkler" redirects here. For the weapon, see
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Vessel for holy water, with aspergillum, donation of Tsar
453:, was named in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist
597:
The
Origins of Catholic Words A Discursive Dictionary
662:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 219.
600:. Catholic University of America Press. p. 52.
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Aspergillum opened to show the sponge that is inside
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63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2348:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology
187:(holy water bucket, known to art historians as a
21:Morning star (weapon) § Holy water sprinkler
484:Cathedral Church of Saint Matthew, Dallas, Texas
289:are used to sprinkle holy water. In some of the
16:Liturgical implement used to sprinkle holy water
784:. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.).
750:Matter, E Ann; Heffernan, Thomas (April 2005).
147:Aspergillum in a silver aspersorium or situla.
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778:Little, Charles T.; Husband, Timothy (1987).
690:U.S. Government Printing Office, ed. (1974).
659:Encyclopedia of Easter Celebrations Worldwide
240:, or as part of the ceremony consecrating an
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821:. Wymondham, Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic.
285:made of cloth or hair. Sometimes, sprigs of
815:Aspergillus: molecular biology and genomics
318:Proto-aspergillum as described in Leviticus
259:The form of the aspergillum differs in the
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178:. It comes in three forms: a freshly cut
123:Learn how and when to remove this message
1585:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
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2474:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
2066:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
656:Crump, William D. (February 22, 2021).
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636:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
594:Lo Bello, Anthony (January 24, 2020).
723:Adam Clarke, 1831, vol. I p. 529
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2761:Eastern Christian liturgical objects
714:Adam Clarke, 1831, vol. I p. 52
397:, usually accompanied by singing of
281:the aspergillum is in the form of a
155:("little sprinkler", less commonly,
61:adding citations to reliable sources
2660:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
2533:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
754:. Medieval Institute Publications.
752:The Liturgy of the Medieval Church
277:(holy water) is sprinkled. In the
216:ceremonies, including the Rite of
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916:After the Second Vatican Council
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1288:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
581:. Retrieved on October 8, 2014.
48:needs additional citations for
2071:General Roman Calendar of 1960
2061:General Roman Calendar of 1954
381:with God and with His people.
228:services and the palms during
1:
2628:Fourth Council of the Lateran
2577:Dicastery for Divine Worship
2274:Thanksgiving after Communion
413:Aspergilla are also used in
1054:Chapter and Conventual Mass
368:blood might drop into it...
322:The origin is found in the
139:A Western-style aspergillum
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2643:History of the Roman Canon
2205:Communion under both kinds
1936:Divine Worship: The Missal
578:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
474:An aspergillum and silver
417:, particularly to cleanse
363:Clarke again, of Verse 5:
354:Adam Clarke's commentary:
291:Oriental Orthodox Churches
204:An aspergillum is used in
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2401:Priesthood of Melchizedek
781:Europe in the Middle Ages
2675:(apostolic constitution)
2649:Lex orandi, lex credendi
2558:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1660:Candles and candlesticks
26:Not to be confused with
2588:Ecclesia de Eucharistia
2380:Origin of the Eucharist
1116:Liturgical use of Latin
736:Reformation Study Bible
279:Russian Orthodox Church
261:Eastern Orthodox Church
2701:Sacrosanctum concilium
2695:Second Vatican Council
2484:Intercession of saints
2479:Holy day of obligation
2076:General Roman Calendar
520:Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
455:Pietro Antonio Micheli
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2416:Year of the Eucharist
1909:Ceremonial of Bishops
1326:prayer over the gifts
512:Mikhail I Fyodorovich
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265:Greek Orthodox Church
238:Blessing of the Fleet
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2729:Tra le sollecitudini
2717:Traditionis custodes
1595:Eucharistic Congress
1411:Memorial Acclamation
1372:Words of Institution
1121:Ecclesiastical Latin
1014:Pontifical High Mass
539:Ciborium (container)
57:improve this article
2766:Eucharistic objects
2710:Summorum Pontificum
2655:Liturgical Movement
2616:Eucharistic miracle
2269:Spiritual communion
2056:Tridentine calendar
906:Pre-Tridentine Mass
435:Neopagan witchcraft
2454:Calendar of saints
2411:Transubstantiation
2360:Liturgical colours
2342:In persona Christi
2250:Reserved sacrament
2220:Frequent Communion
1854:Processional cross
1665:Triple candlestick
1490:Benedicamus Domino
1464:Communion antiphon
1353:Eucharistic Prayer
1243:Responsorial Psalm
518:(Moscow, photo by
326:Chapter 14 in the
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171:implement used to
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2633:Gelineau psalmody
2570:effects of prayer
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2543:Catholic theology
2255:Sacramental bread
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1996:Episcopal sandals
1864:Sacramental bread
1792:Collection basket
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1357:Canon of the Mass
1200:Entrance Antiphon
1190:Sign of the Cross
1172:Processional hymn
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431:Wheel of the Year
324:Book of Leviticus
267:the aspergillum (
246:a church building
167:) is a Christian
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2582:Council of Trent
2565:Christian prayer
2553:Catholic liturgy
2392:Passion of Jesus
2335:ex opere operato
2240:Infant communion
2235:Host desecration
2210:Eucharistic fast
2183:Closed communion
2178:Church etiquette
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1925:Graduale Simplex
1896:Liturgical books
1876:Sacramental wine
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1447:Dona nobis pacem
1392:Canonical digits
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967:Cistercian Rite
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911:Tridentine Mass
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1280:
1275:
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1269:
1268:
1254:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
999:
993:
991:
987:
986:
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
972:Dominican Rite
969:
964:
959:
957:Carmelite Rite
954:
948:
946:
937:
936:
931:
926:
920:
919:
918:
908:
902:
900:
899:Forms and uses
896:
895:
882:
880:
879:
872:
865:
857:
849:
848:
827:
804:
790:
767:
760:
739:
725:
716:
707:
682:
668:
648:
620:
606:
583:
564:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
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546:
541:
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529:
526:
525:
524:
509:
502:
500:
497:
490:
488:
473:
466:
462:
459:
429:, or during a
410:
407:
395:Holy Communion
390:
387:
344:Coccus scarlet
311:
308:
306:
303:
298:
295:
206:Roman Catholic
201:
198:
196:
193:
131:
130:
45:
43:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2783:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
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2721:
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2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2698:
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2683:
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2678:
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2663:
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2656:
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2646:
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2631:
2629:
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2624:
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2619:
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2606:
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2600:
2599:
2595:
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2590:
2589:
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2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Commemoration
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Real presence
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2370:
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2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2280:Anima Christi
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2143:
2142:Ascensiontide
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:Ordinary Time
2101:
2099:
2098:Christmastide
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:Roman Gradual
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Postcommunion
1474:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Sign of peace
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1416:Lord's Prayer
1414:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:Orate fratres
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:the Eucharist
1306:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:Order of Mass
1135:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1041:Ritual Masses
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1003:Missa Cantata
1000:
998:
995:
994:
992:
988:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
947:
945:
941:
935:
932:
930:
927:
924:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
873:
871:
866:
864:
859:
858:
855:
838:on 2016-06-17
834:
830:
824:
817:
816:
808:
805:
793:
791:9780870994470
787:
783:
782:
774:
772:
768:
763:
761:9781580445030
757:
753:
746:
744:
740:
737:
732:
730:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
695:
694:
686:
683:
671:
669:9781476680545
665:
661:
660:
652:
649:
637:
630:
624:
621:
609:
607:9780813232300
603:
599:
598:
590:
588:
584:
580:
579:
574:
569:
566:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
521:
517:
513:
506:
501:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
470:
465:
460:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:a ritual area
416:
408:
406:
404:
400:
396:
388:
386:
382:
379:
375:
369:
364:
360:
355:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
331:
329:
328:Old Testament
325:
316:
309:
304:
302:
297:Tamil Culture
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:Easter Season
219:
215:
211:
207:
199:
194:
192:
190:
186:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
145:
137:
127:
124:
116:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74: –
73:
72:"Aspergillum"
69:
68:Find sources:
62:
58:
52:
51:
46:This article
44:
40:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2727:
2723:Stercoranism
2715:
2708:
2699:
2685:Pope Paul VI
2672:
2666:Mediator Dei
2664:
2647:
2620:
2602:
2586:
2497:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:and concepts
2375:(encyclical)
2372:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2333:
2323:
2287:
2278:
2225:Genuflection
2165:
2109:Septuagesima
2107:
2001:Humeral veil
1941:Sacramentary
1931:Roman Missal
1923:
1766:
1684:Chalice veil
1543:Altar server
1531:Participants
1379:
1365:
1338:Sursum corda
1089:Month's mind
1084:Requiem Mass
1069:Nuptial Mass
1023:
1001:
934:Anglican Use
840:. Retrieved
833:the original
814:
807:
795:. Retrieved
780:
751:
719:
710:
698:. Retrieved
692:
685:
673:. Retrieved
658:
651:
639:. Retrieved
623:
611:. Retrieved
596:
576:
568:
440:
439:
433:festival in
412:
392:
383:
377:
371:
366:
362:
357:
353:
333:
321:
300:
273:
269:randistirion
268:
258:
253:
203:
200:Christianity
184:
164:
160:
156:
152:
150:
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
79:
67:
55:Please help
50:verification
47:
2598:benediction
2528:Agape feast
2442:Ad orientem
2425:Regulations
2385:Last Supper
2300:Eucharistic
2156:Eucharistic
2120:Passiontide
1904:Antiphonary
1822:Funghellino
1807:Evangeliary
1767:Aspergillum
1729:Purificator
1655:Antependium
1645:Altar rails
1497:Last Gospel
1397:Roman Canon
1156:Asperges me
1031:Votive Mass
1025:sine populo
1009:Solemn Mass
573:Aspergillum
534:Altar cruet
442:Aspergillus
232:Mass. At a
230:Palm Sunday
185:aspersorium
157:aspergilium
153:aspergillum
28:Aspergillus
2745:Categories
2510:Lord's Day
2499:Pro multis
2245:Intinction
2230:Head cover
2158:discipline
2137:Eastertide
2011:Pontifical
1945:Lectionary
1827:Holy water
1757:Altar bell
1748:Liturgical
1739:Tabernacle
1714:Misericord
1308:Liturgy of
1181:Liturgy of
1165:Eastertide
1161:Vidi aquam
1128:Vernacular
1096:White Mass
1019:Papal Mass
888:Roman Rite
842:2016-05-13
560:References
480:holy water
409:Other uses
176:holy water
169:liturgical
113:April 2016
83:newspapers
2622:Fermentum
2609:Holy Hour
2459:Canon law
2325:Epiousion
2193:Canon 915
2188:Canon 844
2167:Abstemius
2125:Holy Week
2078:(current)
2049:Calendars
1967:Vestments
1914:Customary
1844:Manuterge
1817:Flabellum
1617:Subdeacon
1506:Post-Mass
1481:Dismissal
1471:Ablutions
1442:Agnus Dei
1381:anamnesis
1376:elevation
1367:epiclesis
1317:Offertory
1210:Confiteor
1079:Rose Mass
1064:Gold Mass
1049:Blue Mass
929:Zaire Use
263:. In the
254:aspergere
226:Candlemas
2489:Ordinary
2435:Accentus
2394:and its
2354:Koinonia
2302:theology
2289:Viaticum
2021:Surplice
1991:Dalmatic
1986:Chasuble
1886:Thurible
1787:Crotalus
1782:Ciborium
1694:Corporal
1575:Crucifer
1560:Boat boy
1454:Fraction
1425:doxology
1421:embolism
1362:oblation
1266:sequence
1257:Alleluia
1195:Psalm 43
1183:the Word
1144:Pre-Mass
1109:Language
1074:Red Mass
997:Low Mass
528:See also
399:psalm 51
334:And the
274:agiasmos
214:Anglican
210:Lutheran
173:sprinkle
165:asperger
161:aspergil
2521:Related
2493:Propers
2086:Periods
2026:Tunicle
2006:Pallium
1832:Incense
1812:Fistula
1777:Chalice
1750:objects
1724:Piscina
1704:Kneeler
1538:Acolyte
1402:history
1346:Hosanna
1342:Sanctus
1333:Preface
1252:Epistle
1247:Gradual
1231:Collect
890:of the
886:of the
700:23 June
461:Gallery
340:leprosy
305:History
234:requiem
218:Baptism
97:scholar
2505:Sunday
2093:Advent
1957:Tonary
1772:Censer
1709:Lavabo
1612:Priest
1607:Porter
1602:Lector
1580:Deacon
1565:Cantor
1555:Bishop
1548:female
1278:Homily
1273:Gospel
1236:Oremus
1221:Gloria
944:Orders
825:
797:5 June
788:
758:
675:5 June
666:
641:6 June
613:5 June
604:
516:Russia
348:hyssop
346:, and
336:priest
310:Origin
189:situla
180:hyssop
99:
92:
85:
78:
70:
2680:Music
2331:Grace
2031:Vimpa
2016:Stole
1981:Amice
1869:wafer
1849:Paten
1802:Cruet
1762:Ashes
1632:Altar
1622:Usher
1590:Laity
1570:Choir
1283:Credo
1262:Tract
1214:Kyrie
990:Types
836:(PDF)
819:(PDF)
632:(PDF)
544:Paten
447:genus
427:spell
423:Wicca
403:ivory
378:after
287:basil
283:whisk
252:verb
250:Latin
242:altar
104:JSTOR
90:books
2596:and
2491:and
2445:and
2312:and
2310:Body
2263:must
2261:(or
2259:wine
2257:and
2115:Lent
1943:and
1880:must
1878:(or
1734:Rood
1719:Pall
1650:Ambo
884:Mass
823:ISBN
799:2023
786:ISBN
756:ISBN
702:2023
677:2023
664:ISBN
643:2021
615:2023
602:ISBN
476:ewer
451:mold
445:, a
374:Luke
244:and
212:and
195:Uses
76:news
1976:Alb
1859:Pyx
1837:use
1432:Pax
1290:or
1245:or
1163:in
549:Pyx
514:of
478:of
449:of
421:in
191:).
163:or
151:An
59:by
2747::
2607:/
1488:/
1423:/
1378:/
1374:/
1370:/
1364:/
1344:/
1340:/
1324:/
1264:/
1212:/
770:^
742:^
728:^
634:.
586:^
575:,
522:)
405:.
330::
208:,
159:,
2265:)
1882:)
1355:/
876:e
869:t
862:v
845:.
801:.
764:.
704:.
679:.
645:.
617:.
486:)
482:(
126:)
120:(
115:)
111:(
101:·
94:·
87:·
80:·
53:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
