63:
1838:
1331:
1741:
1817:
1168:
Christian settlements started in June 1578. These spread all over the archipelago and were conducted with impunity by organized fleets carrying weapons of destruction almost equal to those of the
Spaniards. The re-curring act is often described as a reaction against the Spaniards, who had displaced the Moros from the political and economic dominance they once enjoyed in the region (e.g. strategic commercial standpoints in Mindanano). Moreover, religious differences between Muslims and Christians are frequently cited.
1802:
1704:
1647:
Security forces sometimes are involved in organising piratical activities as well, supplying weapons and intel to pirates. The littoral nature of the Sulu Sea makes it easy for pirates to surprise victims and evade law enforcement. On land, the poor economic conditions in the area drive people to resort to various forms of crime to make a living, including piracy. Piracy, in turn, exacerbates the economic deprivation of the population, as the primary targets are locals themselves.
1757:
1571:
larger tonnage ships ended in the center of attacks. Until June 2019, ReCAAP reports 29 incidents of the abduction of crew members, documenting 10 people dead. In 2020, one incident (involving an attack on a fishing trawler on Jan 17 in
Eastern Sabah) occurred and no other one has been reported up to August 2021. Nonetheless, ReCAAP continues to warn of the risk of crew abduction and urges for a re-routing from the area of the Sulu and Celebes Seas.
1247:
981:
1769:
6173:
6185:
1140:. The term "Moro" thereby originated in the Spanish description as they introduced the derogatory term for Muslims and portrayed them in negative terms primarily due to their opposition to Spanish colonial rule and Christianity. However, the term is being reclaimed by ethnic Filipinos today and constitutes a re-claiming of Muslim identity, which is why the term will be used in the present article as well.
1023:
5067:
1787:
30:
1692:
often not noted due to the lack of infrastructure or a lack of trust to the authorities. Some incidents contrarily are reported, but without specific details on the location (threat at harbor or at sea. Thus, piracy statistics demand a detailed look into the circumstances of the acquisition of data and contexts surrounding the information.
62:
1383:. The Moro's swivel guns were not like more modern guns used by the world powers but were of a much older technology, making them largely inaccurate, especially at sea. Lantakas dated back to the 16th century and were up to six feet long, requiring several men to lift one. They fired up to a half-pound
1718:
1691:
and overreporting are also further bias factors, as shipowners or local seafarers refuse to report incidents due to different reasons. Shipmasters, for example, often fear potential disruptions in their time schedules or a rise in insurances. Attacks on local craft on fishing boats and small tugs are
1633:
established special transit corridors ensuring a safe passage for commercial ships. The transit corridors serve as safety areas for ships passing the area and are patrolled by the littoral states. Notice needs to be given to one of the
Command Centres 24 hours in advance, so that adequate assistance
1570:
re- entering the field and engaging in kidnapping- for ransom- activities. The years of 2016 and 2017 thereby mark a peak, with 22 incidents and 58 abducted crew members reported throughout the first year. In the beginning, mostly fishing trawlers and tug boats were targeted. After
October 2016, also
1529:
Pirates almost exclusively target small vessels, including fishing vessels, passenger ships and transport vessels. While the pirates primarily aim to steal personal belongings, cargo and fishers' catch, they also take hostages for ransom. Especially in recent years, there has been a rise of incidents
1211:
and led a series of campaigns against the Moro pirates. In 1843 Brooke attacked the pirates of
Malludu and in June 1847 he participated in a major battle with pirates at Balanini where dozens of proas were captured or sunk. Brooke fought in several more anti-piracy actions in 1849 as well. During one
1654:
Cultural factors may also play a part, with most of modern-day pirates in the Sulu Sea being descended from their historical predecessors, adding an element of cultural sanction to piracy. It has been suggested that piracy may in part be motivated by associated virtues such as honor and masculinity,
1512:
members. Regarding the nature of piracy in the Sulu Sea, attacks are mostly perpetrated by small teams of less than ten people, which are usually well-armed. Overall, incidents tend to be more violent than their counterparts in other areas of the world, often killing their victims by shooting them
1421:
in Sabah, killing 21 people and injuring 11 others
Specifically the proliferation of arms which increased with armed insurgencies in the following years, contributed to the level of violence and threat posed by pirates in the region . Philippine authorities at the time, reported more than 431 deaths
1404:
and cigarettes) by rebel groups, which was fueled by the motorisation of inter-island support . Emerging pirate groups mostly stemmed from the South of the country, derived from Muslim ethnic groups. In the
Northern parts of Borneo, the Tawi- Tawi pirates were specifically of concern to late British
1062:
has long been identified as an ubiquitous challenge, being historically interwoven with the region, recent incidents also include other types of maritime crimes such as kidnapping and the trafficking of humans, arms and drugs. Attacks mostly classify as 'armed robbery against ships' according to the
1686:
Overall, the numbers differ depending on each institutions' reporting processes, sources they derive their information from, classification mechanisms, location of attacks, types of ships attacked, their status, political considerations. The IMB, for example, relies on data from shipowners, whereas
1195:
at
Balanguingui but the pirates abandoned their ships for the better defended fortifications. The Spanish stormed three of the positions by force and captured the remaining one after the pirates had retreated. Over 500 prisoners were freed in the operation and over 500 Moros were killed or wounded,
1167:
Moro piracy is often linked to the
Spanish colonial occupation of the Philippines. In a course of over two and a half centuries, Moro piratical attacks on Christian communities caused "an epoch of wholesale misery for the inhabitants". After the Spanish arrival in 1521, Moro piratical raids against
1650:
The continued existence of groups like Abu Sayyaf and MILF is also to blame for the prevalence of piracy. Not only do these groups engage in piracy themselves, efforts by security forces to suppress them have also drawn resources that could be used to deal with piracy. These efforts may also drive
1579:
Contemporary attacks in the Sulu and
Celebes Seas amount primarily to kidnapping for ransom (while incidents in other parts of Southeast Asia mostly constitute non- violent robberies). All attacks have been committed while the ships were underway and tug and fishing boats were the main victims of
1399:
Piracy reemerged in the immediate post-WWII period as a result of the deterioration of the security situation and the wide availability of military surplus engines and modern firearms. Police authorities of the newly independent Philippines were unable to get hold of the traffic of arms and goods
1604:
focus, first and foremost, on the improvement and expansion of regional cooperation. Against the background of the kidnapping- for-ransom attacks in their territorial waters, the littoral states signed a Trilateral Cooperative Agreement (TCA) in July 2016 addressing the security challenge in the
1455:
Throughout the turn of the millennium, the threat of piracy remained high, with re-occurring attacks on small vessels and raids of towns and businesses on coastal villages in Sabah, mostly attributable to groups of the southern Philippines, as the main types of piratical activities. At the time,
1646:
Despite efforts by Malaysian and Philippine authorities to curb piracy in the Sulu Sea, the problem continues to persist. Weak maritime law enforcement, corruption, rivalries between the involved states, and unresolved territorial claims are major barriers to an effective suppression of piracy.
1651:
the local population towards piracy, as security forces frequently harass farmers, depriving them of their livelihood. Small arms proliferation in the area is also high as a result of weak state authority and the armed struggle of these groups, making it easy for pirates to acquire weapons.
1533:
Responses by affected nation states in the region tap into the following three different categories: maritime operations, information sharing and capacity building. While the nation states have been historically reluctant to collectively act, upholding traditional
1076:
1837:
1231:. Each pirate ship had over 100 crewmen and galley slaves aboard and was armed with three brass swivel guns. Brooke lost only a few men killed or wounded while at least 100 pirates were killed or wounded. Several prisoners were also released.
2710:
1358:
with a wavy blade incised with blood channels. The wooden or ivory handle was often heavily ornamented with silver or gold. The type of wound inflicted by its blade makes it difficult to heal. The kris was used often used in
2855:
1655:
which pirates can display by taking part in an operation. Piracy is also not seen as an inherently criminal activity by the population living at the edge of the Sulu Sea, which is reflected in the local languages.
1391:. A lantaka was bored by hand and were sunk into a pit and packed with dirt to hold them in a vertical position. The barrel was then bored by a company of men walking around in a circle to turn drill bits by hand.
1196:
they also lost about 150 proas. The Spanish lost twenty-two men killed and around 210 wounded. The pirates later reoccupied the island in 1849. Another expedition was sent which encountered only light resistance.
1151:, the areas in and around the Sulu Sea saw re-occurring incidents of piracy attacks, which were not suppressed until the beginning of the 20th century. The pirates of that period should not be confused with the
3421:
1054:, a semi-enclosed sea area and porous region that covers an area of space around 1 million square kilometres, have been subject to illegal maritime activities since the pre-colonial era and continue to pose a
807:
1488:
and an increase in the number of law enforcement personnel showed some success and lead to a decrease in incidents. Soon, on a global scale, piracy in Southeast Asian waters was outnumbered by Somali piracy.
1500:, but also raids on towns, settlements and offshore businesses re-emerged as a security threat in the Sulu and Celebes area after 2010. In 2014, then, the Philippine government signed a peace deal with the
1562:
and armed robbery at sea in the years 2014–2018, a reduction of 200 incidents a year to 99 in 2017. However, this development is mainly due to increased efforts and enforcement mechanisms in the
619:
2835:
5129:
649:
1238:
in 1898, after which American troops embarked on a pacification campaign from 1903 to 1913 that extended American rule to the southern Philippines and effectively suppressed piracy.
5119:
720:
2769:
1009:
6219:
871:
906:
1584:, the ransom money is most likely supporting the extremist organisation. International attention arose due to the alarming cruelty hostages are abducted and detained .
1983:
1756:
5366:
2876:
2104:
1234:
Despite Spanish efforts to eradicate the pirate threat, piracy persisted until the early 1900s. Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States as a result of the
1064:
966:
2564:
2211:
1290:) about ninety feet long with a beam of twenty feet (27.4 by 6.1 m). They carried around fifty to 100 crewmen. Moros usually armed their vessels with three
797:
789:
1816:
3437:
5838:
1460:
received a lot of international media attention, resulting in an increased engagement of anti-piracy measures by the Malaysian government. Subsequently, the
756:
629:
578:
5255:
1530:
of these kind. Moreover, pirates sometimes take the vessels' outboard motors or the vessel in its entirety, either to sell later or to keep for themselves.
1434:(MILF), founded in 1977, provided a new impetus to piracy, with both organisations engaging in piracy to fund their armed struggle. MNLF has engaged in the
6214:
1075:. Incidents in the Sulu and Celebes Seas specifically involve the abduction of crew members. Since March 2016, the Information Sharing Centre (ISC) of the
886:
881:
832:
151:
1546:
in September 2006, and even though Malaysia and Indonesia are no contracting parties, they still engage with reporting incidents and sharing information.
771:
766:
748:
710:
702:
596:
390:
6086:
1945:
1566:
and cannot be transferred to the Sulu and Celebes region. Since 2016, the nature of piracy in that porous area changed with the militant extremist group
1504:, that includes details about disarmament of the fighters. Yet, violence continues due to other reasons, such as attacks by other violent groups such as
156:
194:
5469:
3667:
2811:
1801:
1740:
1426:) were often ordered to jump into the water (practice of ambak pare) which explains the large number of people missing. The armed insurgencies of the
961:
461:
6096:
3029:
2919:
2531:
Liss, Carolin (2017). "Piracy and maritime violence in the waters between Sabah and the southern Philippines". In Liss, Carolin; Biggs, Ted (eds.).
1635:
1002:
2613:. Singapore & Leiden, The Netherlands: International Institute for Asian Studies & Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 269–287.
1768:
5585:
3103:
2999:"A Tale of Two Centuries: The Globalisation of Maritime Raiding and Piracy in Southeast Asia at the End of the Eighteenth and Twentieth Centuries"
1088:
2891:
1492:
However, in the years of 2009-2014 an upswing in the number of attacks can be attributed to Southeast Asia again, mainly due to incidents in the
1422:
and 426 missing people in the course of twelve years, resulting in an intense high threat- level for the region . Victims (local seafarers and
941:
654:
536:
104:
5671:
3661:
3126:
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2542:
896:
689:
6209:
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4037:
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956:
901:
866:
847:
441:
176:
2942:
The Sulu Zone 1768–1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery, and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a Southeast Asian Maritime State
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3241:
2483:
1672:
995:
946:
921:
876:
674:
42:
2460:
1717:
1703:
5139:
4940:
2409:
2368:
2310:
2277:
1172:
2433:
1997:
Ikrami, Hadyu (2018). "Sulu-Sulawesi Seas Patrol: Lessons from the Malacca Straits Patrol and Other Similar Cooperative Frameworks".
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3800:
3624:
2979:
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2618:
2584:
2195:
2062:
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114:
2374:
1605:
tri-border-area. The TCA thereby lays the foundation of the maritime security coordination and encompasses regulations on extended
2747:
2727:
1442:, founded in the early 1990s, started to engage in piracy attacks, both to fund the organization and for personal financial gain.
6023:
5845:
5149:
4537:
4135:
4077:
911:
456:
1409:
recorded 232 pirate attacks between 1959 and 1962. During this period, pirates primarily targeted barter traders engaged in the
6127:
4099:
4082:
3443:
3131:
2607:
Tokoro, Ikuya (2006). "Piracy in Contemporary Sulu: An Ethnographical Case Study". In Kleinen, John; Osseweijer, Manon (eds.).
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644:
2789:
5554:
5381:
5376:
5349:
4527:
3696:
3576:
3200:
1427:
891:
312:
181:
166:
72:
5209:
4920:
4915:
5924:
5562:
5396:
5391:
5268:
5260:
5229:
4622:
3747:
3711:
3706:
3618:
3206:
3028:
Bateman, Sam (2017). "Changes in Piracy in Southeast Asia over the last ten years". In Liss, Caroline; Biggs, Ted (eds.).
2918:
Bateman, Sam (2017). "Changes in Piracy in Southeast Asia over the last ten years". In Liss, Caroline; Biggs, Ted (eds.).
1914:
1664:
1513:
or having them jump over board, leaving them to drown. Weapons used by pirates include normal handguns and rifles such as
1509:
1501:
1431:
471:
89:
81:
2998:
2638:
1100:
and Celebes Seas has a long history of attacks and raids, with the region being influenced primarily by raiders from the
5810:
5691:
4885:
4061:
4024:
3825:
3691:
3686:
3606:
3564:
3212:
2637:
Santos, Eduardo (2006). "Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Philippiens". In Ong-Webb, Graham Gerhard (ed.).
1406:
936:
926:
916:
476:
322:
5453:
5284:
1946:"Prospects for multi-level governance of maritime security in the Sulu-Celebes Sea: lessons from the Baltic Sea region"
1909:
556:
5099:
4692:
3767:
3701:
3096:
2079:
802:
290:
230:
1663:
Piracy statistics on the incidents in the region mostly rely on reports issued by the Piracy Reporting Centre of the
6239:
6137:
5526:
5340:
5094:
4200:
4094:
3835:
3655:
3247:
3136:
1859:
1580:
abduction of crew (due to their slow speed and low freeboard). As the assaults are often traced back to members of
669:
401:
270:
215:
51:
1904:
1413:
trade, but also attacked fishing and passenger vessels and conducted coastal raids on villages. As an example, in
1330:
1144:
466:
5866:
5598:
5575:
5276:
5174:
5089:
5084:
4482:
3817:
3594:
3235:
3141:
551:
220:
4442:
2052:
1235:
1159:
of the various Moro tribes. However, many of the pirates operated under government sanction during time of war.
639:
521:
6122:
5570:
5478:
5459:
5409:
5323:
4905:
4047:
3635:
3540:
3473:
3455:
2397:
1457:
516:
352:
280:
5429:
1079:(ReCAAP) reports a total of 86 abductions, leading to the issue of a warning for ships transpassing the area.
1314:
was also very common, the pirates would assemble large fleets of proas and attack coastal towns. Hundreds of
6147:
6132:
6029:
5486:
5419:
5169:
5144:
5104:
5001:
4707:
4552:
4297:
4032:
3600:
3425:
3352:
1899:
1864:
1542:, the developments and outside pressure demanded action. Information sharing increased with the adoption of
776:
715:
634:
541:
421:
265:
119:
5909:
5852:
5449:
5386:
5214:
5159:
5114:
5109:
5079:
4890:
3732:
3643:
3582:
3552:
3528:
3449:
3431:
3153:
3089:
1414:
1221:
812:
526:
4547:
6224:
6002:
5992:
5887:
5626:
5292:
5204:
5189:
4930:
4682:
4642:
4612:
4557:
4357:
4317:
4130:
3950:
3920:
3895:
3793:
3461:
3397:
3358:
3346:
2675:
Abbot, Jason; Renwick, Neil (1999). "Pirates? Maritime piracy and societal security in Southeast Asia".
2134:
1977:
1137:
730:
614:
506:
411:
124:
1687:
the ReCAAP's ISC derives their data from official staff, naval and coast guard officers. Furthermore,
6234:
5880:
5539:
5331:
5300:
5247:
5154:
5074:
4973:
4567:
4457:
4437:
4287:
4282:
4120:
3967:
3878:
3873:
3830:
3762:
3588:
3534:
3409:
3040:
1874:
1606:
735:
725:
684:
664:
531:
129:
5941:
5786:
5696:
5544:
5318:
5219:
5029:
4302:
4277:
4195:
4190:
4165:
4089:
3888:
3742:
3509:
3485:
3467:
2771:
Special Report on Abducting of Crew from Ships in the Sulu-Celebes Sea and Waters off Eastern Sabah
1879:
1068:
827:
573:
481:
436:
426:
372:
285:
1638:, the three countries established a Contact Group on Maritime Crime in the Sulu and Celebes Seas.
6101:
6091:
6058:
5803:
5711:
5666:
5656:
5549:
5513:
5504:
5434:
5371:
5305:
5184:
5134:
5124:
4652:
4637:
4502:
4487:
4407:
4347:
4312:
3612:
3546:
3497:
3491:
3415:
3316:
3176:
3060:
2242:
2205:
2014:
1965:
1676:
1405:
colonial rule who were said to be descendants of 19th century Samal pirates . The authorities in
1307:
1208:
985:
609:
511:
501:
486:
134:
109:
4722:
6229:
6036:
5971:
5831:
5771:
5766:
5661:
5616:
5521:
5414:
5401:
5358:
5199:
5022:
4847:
4842:
4822:
4662:
4602:
4517:
4452:
4427:
4272:
3322:
3041:"Diverse patterns of world and regional piracy: implications of the recurrent characteristics"
2985:
2975:
2956:
2946:
2870:
2652:
2614:
2580:
2565:"Legal measures to combat piracy and armed robbery in Southeast Asia. Problems and Prospects."
2538:
2405:
2364:
2306:
2283:
2273:
2225:
Angeles, V.S. (2010). "Moros in the media and beyond: representations of Philippine Muslims".
2191:
2098:
2058:
1869:
1622:
1613:. Therefore, the three countries established so- called Maritime Command Centres in Tarankan,
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1360:
1055:
317:
295:
1786:
6152:
5951:
5873:
5859:
5746:
5726:
5621:
5464:
5424:
5242:
5224:
5179:
5036:
5008:
4966:
4812:
4797:
4762:
4747:
4727:
4712:
4647:
4617:
4577:
4462:
4412:
3997:
3905:
3786:
3570:
3558:
3479:
3403:
3391:
3340:
3158:
3052:
2684:
2644:
2572:
2234:
2006:
1957:
1808:
1213:
1117:
659:
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491:
446:
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1621:
which serve as operation command and monitoring centres. Furthermore, drawing on combating
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6142:
6106:
6081:
5904:
5824:
5817:
5736:
5731:
5701:
5686:
5651:
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5494:
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5482:
4987:
4827:
4782:
4777:
4757:
4632:
4607:
4582:
4262:
4257:
4210:
4180:
4007:
3925:
3883:
3868:
3503:
3310:
3164:
2437:
2147:
1894:
1778:
1688:
1680:
1610:
1609:, joint border patrols and the operationalization of the Standard Operating Procedure for
1497:
1438:
of fishermen, threatening to attack them if they did not pay protection money. Similarly,
1311:
1246:
1077:
Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia
837:
327:
260:
94:
4522:
3008:(2). Singapore: Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. Archived from
5721:
5716:
5310:
4935:
4817:
4742:
4717:
4677:
4392:
4352:
4307:
4252:
4247:
3930:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3370:
3170:
2537:. Abingdon, United Kingdom & New York, United States: Routledge. pp. 151–167.
2358:
1555:
1368:
1133:
822:
624:
451:
347:
3076:
2890:
Guilfoyle, Douglas (2021). "Maritime Security". In GeiĂź, Robin; Melzer, Niels (eds.).
6203:
6177:
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4737:
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4125:
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3328:
3293:
3112:
3064:
2246:
2018:
1969:
1919:
1724:
1319:
1303:
1224:
Brooke, sank four proas, out of six engaged, by ramming them with his small four-gun
1072:
1027:
951:
761:
171:
6041:
5966:
5756:
5706:
5646:
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5164:
5043:
4994:
4980:
4895:
4857:
4832:
4787:
4772:
4752:
4672:
4572:
4562:
4512:
4507:
4497:
4477:
4467:
4382:
4242:
4150:
4042:
3957:
3910:
2837:
Guidance on Abduction of Crew in the Sulu- Celebes Seas and Waters of Eastern Sabah
2746:
Amling, Alexandra; Bell, Curtis; Salleh, Asyura; Benson, Jay; Duncan, Sean (2019).
2726:
Amling, Alexandra; Bell, Curtis; Salleh, Asyura; Benson, Jay; Duncan, Sean (2019).
2303:
Elihu Root collection of United States documents relating to the Philippine Islands
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1823:
1315:
1272:
1200:
1180:
362:
342:
161:
4702:
3056:
2709:
Amling, Alexandra; Bell, Curtis; Salleh, Asyura; Benson, Jay; Duncan, Sea (2019).
1961:
2971:
Iranun and Balangingi: Globalization, Maritime Raiding and the Birth of Ethnicity
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5931:
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3982:
3940:
3737:
3364:
3334:
3229:
3009:
2688:
2238:
2010:
1581:
1567:
1505:
1477:
1465:
1439:
1423:
1418:
1388:
1384:
1355:
1291:
1188:
1113:
842:
679:
357:
2960:
5936:
5015:
4627:
4532:
4402:
4372:
3945:
3900:
2989:
2640:
Pirates, Ports, and Coasts in Asia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
2610:
Pirates, Ports, and Coasts in Asia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
2264:
2187:
Pirates in Paradise. A Modern History of Southeast Asia's Maritime Marauders
1597:
1522:
1518:
1435:
1225:
1176:
1156:
496:
431:
99:
17:
2287:
1350:, the Moro pirates, as well as the navy sailors and the privateers, used a
1022:
2648:
2576:
2032:
Teitler, Ger (2002). "Piracy in Southeast Asia. A Historical Comparison".
5914:
5761:
5741:
5606:
4592:
4542:
4447:
4332:
3915:
3287:
1924:
1843:
A fight between Filipino pirates, Bugis trading ship, and Dutch mariners.
1828:
1626:
1593:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1364:
1266:
1129:
1101:
1097:
1047:
1032:
817:
332:
307:
275:
255:
210:
146:
5066:
2080:"ReCAAP ISC: 2020 ends with 97 piracy incidents in Asia, a 17% increase"
29:
5050:
4657:
3992:
3972:
1747:
1731:
1217:
406:
367:
225:
2332:
6048:
5946:
4925:
4807:
4292:
3987:
3962:
3809:
1884:
1854:
1668:
1559:
1543:
1526:
1485:
1376:
1343:
1295:
1283:
1278:
1125:
1109:
1093:
1059:
250:
245:
235:
1762:
Spanish warships bombarding the Moro pirates of Balanguingui in 1848
1318:
were captured and imprisoned over the centuries, many were used as
1183:
troops. They were opposed by at least 1,000 Moros holed up in four
5776:
4792:
4732:
4175:
4002:
3752:
1618:
1614:
1535:
1481:
1410:
1401:
1380:
1372:
1351:
1347:
1329:
1260:
1245:
1179:
José Ruiz with a fleet of nineteen small warships and hundreds of
1171:
The Spanish engaged the Moro pirates frequently in the 1840s. The
1152:
1021:
337:
28:
2119:
4377:
3146:
3081:
2856:"ReCAAP publishes guidance for crew abduction Sulu-Celebes seas"
2819:. Singapore: ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre. 2021. p. 2.
1793:
1514:
1299:
1192:
1184:
1121:
1038:
240:
3782:
3085:
2893:
The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security
2272:. Christopher L. Harris 2010. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
1306:
becalmed in shallow water as they passed through the Sulu Sea.
1136:. These attacks of the local population are often known as the
3422:
Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
3071:
Amirell, Stefan, Bruce Buchan and Hans Hägerdal (eds) (2021)
2791:
Annual Report. Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia
2484:"Filipino pirates wreak havoc in a Malaysian island paradise"
1634:
can be assured. Moreover, in 2018, in collaboration with the
1334:
A Javanese sundang sword. This type is known as kalis in the
5065:
1675:
cannot be used, as they only report from two locations, the
61:
2777:. Singapore: ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre. March 2017.
2402:
Temple Bar – A London Magazine for Time and Country Readers
2396:
Sala, George Augustus & Yates, Edmund Hodgson (1868) .
1132:, where frequent acts of piracy were committed against the
2797:. Singapore: ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre. p. 2.
1108:. The Sulu raiders were mostly composed of the Ilanun (or
3778:
3031:
Piracy in Southeast Asia. Trends, Hot Spots and Responses
2921:
Piracy in Southeast Asia. Trends, Hot Spots and Responses
2569:
Piracy in Southeast Asia: trends, hot spots and responses
2534:
Piracy in Southeast Asia. Trends, Hot Spots and Responses
1464:
increased their law enforcement agencies and established
2482:
Sydney Morning Herald, Masayuki Doi (October 30, 1985).
2054:
Piracy and armed robbery against ships in Southeast Asia
2945:(2nd ed.). Singapore: Singapore University Press.
1944:
Alverdian, Indra; Joas, Marko; Tynkkynen, Nina (2020).
1128:
occurred in and around the vicinity of the Sulu island
2333:"Moro Piracy during the Spanish Period and Its Impact"
1294:, called lelahs or lantakas, and occasionally a heavy
3075:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Open Access
2843:. Singapore: ReCAAP Information Sharing Centre. 2019.
2459:
New Straits Times, K. P. Waran (September 24, 1987).
2305:. Vol. 91 pt 2. US Government Printing Office.
6115:
6074:
6067:
6015:
5980:
5897:
5795:
5597:
5584:
5512:
5443:
5060:
4958:
4866:
4230:
4223:
4149:
4113:
4070:
4023:
4016:
3861:
3816:
3720:
3677:
3634:
3519:
3384:
3303:
3274:
3267:
3222:
3193:
3186:
3119:
3077:
https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/53019
2404:. Vol. XXIV. Ward and Lock. pp. 204–216.
2057:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 14.
1999:
The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law
1484:. These efforts (combined with e.g. the signing of
1258:used by the Moros include various designs like the
1950:Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs
1468:in the following years that can be found today in
1058:threat to bordering nations up to this day. While
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
3045:Australian Journal of Maritime&Ocean Affairs
1163:The Moro Pirates and Spanish colonial occupation
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
1116:group of sea nomads as well as the influential
1065:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
3668:2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro
2830:
2828:
2826:
2806:
2804:
2764:
2762:
3794:
3097:
1302:were very fast and the pirates would prey on
1003:
8:
5839:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
2558:
2556:
2554:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2352:
2350:
1982:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1667:(IMB), or the Information Sharing Centre of
1104:who originated in the southern parts of the
2875:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2103:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
6071:
5594:
4227:
4020:
3801:
3787:
3779:
3662:2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro
3271:
3190:
3104:
3090:
3082:
2398:"The Career and Character of Rajah Brooke"
2210:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1010:
996:
36:
5470:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
2974:. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
2632:
2630:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2266:Swish of the Kris, The Story of the Moros
462:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
6097:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
3438:Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines
2670:
2668:
2461:"Lahad Datu Recalls Its Blackest Monday"
2258:
2256:
2179:
2177:
1636:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1592:Recent responses by the littoral states
2755:. Broomfield: Safety 4 Sea. p. 33.
2735:. Broomfield: Safety 4 Sea. p. 32.
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2120:"Annual Report. January- December 2020"
1936:
1699:
1089:Slavery in Sultanates of Southeast Asia
201:Historically documented states/polities
71:
50:
39:
6220:History of the Philippines (1565–1898)
2868:
2203:
2143:
2132:
2096:
1975:
1417:, pirates caused chaos in the town of
5256:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
2715:. Broomfield: Safety4Sea. p. 32.
2263:Hurley, Vic (Gerald Victor) (1936) .
1538:-principles of non- interference and
7:
5998:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
3728:Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
3034:. London: Routledge. pp. 14–32.
2924:. London: Routledge. pp. 14–32.
1554:Marked by a long history of piracy,
1071:that lie under the sovereignty of a
3242:Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
1775:The Spanish landing at Balanguingui
1673:International Maritime Organization
1282:. The majority were wooden sailing
1220:Sulus in 1862, his nephew, ex-army
6215:19th century in the Spanish Empire
2749:Stable Seas. Sulu and Celebes Seas
2729:Stable Seas. Sulu and Celebes Seas
2712:Stable Seas: Sulu and Celebes Seas
2377:from the original on April 7, 2015
1558:as a whole saw a sharp decline of
25:
5888:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
3625:Mindanao State University bombing
2436:. Flyingdusun.com. Archived from
2078:Safety 4 Sea (January 15, 2021).
1430:(MNLF), founded in 1972, and the
402:Voyage of Miguel LĂłpez de Legazpi
115:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
6184:
6183:
6171:
6024:A General History of the Pyrates
5846:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
5367:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
1836:
1815:
1800:
1785:
1767:
1755:
1739:
1716:
1702:
979:
2939:Warren, James Francis (2007) .
2643:. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
2360:Sketches of Our Life at Sarawak
1746:An engagement with pirates off
1187:with 124 cannons and plenty of
1083:History of piracy in the region
5382:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
5377:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
5130:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
3697:Eastern Sabah Security Command
3201:Moro National Liberation Front
2997:Warren, James Francis (2003).
2968:Warren, James Francis (2002).
2357:McDougall, Harriette (1882) .
1428:Moro National Liberation Front
808:2000 campaign against the MILF
313:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
167:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
1:
5238:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
3748:Cross border attacks in Sabah
3712:Joint Peace and Security Team
3707:International Monitoring Team
3619:Datu Paglas market occupation
3207:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
3057:10.1080/18366503.2018.1444935
1962:10.1080/18366503.2020.1770944
1915:Cross border attacks in Sabah
1807:19th century barong from the
1665:International Maritime Bureau
1432:Moro Islamic Liberation Front
1367:, another sword, a knife, or
1030:pirate armed with a spear, a
472:Battles of La Naval de Manila
5811:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
5061:Pirate battles and incidents
3738:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region
3692:AFP Eastern Mindanao Command
3687:AFP Western Mindanao Command
3275:Pro-autonomy or independence
3213:MNLF Executive Council of 15
3194:Pro-autonomy or independence
2854:Safety4Sea (July 29, 2019).
1710:Piratical Proa in Full Chase
1363:a vessel. Moros also used a
1191:. There were also dozens of
323:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
6210:Piracy in the Pacific Ocean
5210:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
4693:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
3702:Eastern Sabah Security Zone
813:2nd People Power Revolution
803:1997 Asian financial crisis
537:Declaration of Independence
6256:
6087:Pirate films and TV series
5527:African Slave Trade Patrol
5095:Action of 11 November 2008
3884:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
3656:1996 Final Peace Agreement
3444:Basilan beheading incident
3248:Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao
2813:Monthly Report August 2021
2567:. In Liss, Carolin (ed.).
2434:"Discover Sabah - History"
1860:Piracy in the 21st century
1173:expedition to Balanguingui
1086:
542:American capture of Manila
6165:
5576:Trans-Saharan slave trade
5175:Battle off Minicoy Island
5150:Battle of Cape Fear River
5120:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
5090:Action of 28 October 2007
5085:Action of 9 November 1822
3577:Central Mindanao bombings
3236:Ansar Khalifa Philippines
2689:10.1080/14781159908412867
2239:10.1007/s11562-009-0100-4
2051:Beckmann, Robert (2013).
2011:10.1163/15718085-12334092
1623:piracy efforts in Somalia
1395:Piracy after World War II
1322:aboard the pirate ships.
1250:Sulu pirate prahu, 1850s.
1175:in 1848 was commanded by
422:Spanish capture of Manila
5571:Indian Ocean slave trade
5460:International piracy law
5397:Pirate attacks in Borneo
5269:Capture of the schooner
5261:Capture of the schooner
5195:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
4921:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
2563:Davenport, Tara (2017).
1458:2000 Sipadan kidnappings
882:Administrative divisions
597:American colonial period
517:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
353:Butuan Silver Paleograph
338:Batanes Ijang fortresses
281:Sultanate of Maguindanao
152:Cordillera Rice Terraces
6030:Captain Charles Johnson
5454:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
5165:Battle of Mandab Strait
5145:Battle of Boca Teacapan
5140:Balanguingui Expedition
5105:Action of 23 March 2010
3607:Jolo Cathedral bombings
3565:Zamboanga City bombings
3426:Battle of Camp Abubakar
3073:Piracy in World History
3039:Jeong, Keunsoo (2018).
2432:Scholz, Herman (2006).
2337:Southeast Asian Studies
2190:. Copenhagen, Denmark.
2034:MAST (Maritime Studies)
1910:Philippine–American War
1865:Slavery in the Sulu Sea
1642:Factors and root causes
777:People Power Revolution
557:Philippine–American War
391:Spanish colonial period
5387:Operation Ocean Shield
5215:Battle of Tonkin River
5160:Battle of Doro Passage
5115:Action of 5 April 2010
5110:Action of 1 April 2010
5100:Action of 9 April 2009
5080:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
5070:
4906:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
4891:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
4038:British Virgin Islands
3733:Bangsamoro Organic Law
3644:1976 Tripoli Agreement
3553:Dos Palmas kidnappings
2184:Eklöf, Stefan (2006).
2142:Cite journal requires
1339:
1251:
1147:between Spain and the
1043:
986:Philippines portal
962:Science and technology
579:UST Baybayin Documents
527:Treaty of Paris (1898)
105:Austronesian expansion
90:Early hominin activity
66:
34:
6003:Pirates versus Ninjas
5430:Slave raid of SuĂ°uroy
5392:Persian Gulf Campaign
5277:Capture of the sloop
5205:Battle of the Leotung
5190:Battle of New Orleans
5069:
4931:Richard Avery Hornsby
4683:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
4643:Moses Cohen Henriques
4613:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
4358:Christina Anna Skytte
3896:Brethren of the Coast
3879:Baltic Slavic pirates
3826:Ancient Mediterranean
3571:SuperFerry 14 bombing
3462:Zamboanga City crisis
3359:Hamsiraji Marusi Sali
3347:Jainal Antel Sali Jr.
2649:10.1355/9789812305909
2577:10.4324/9781315545264
2571:. London: Routledge.
2331:Non, Domingo (1993).
2301:Root, Elihu (1902) .
1905:Spanish–Moro conflict
1333:
1249:
1138:Spanish-Moro conflict
1124:Island. Historically
1025:
907:Cultural achievements
731:Filipino First policy
721:Mutual Defense Treaty
675:Philippine resistance
507:Philippine Revolution
467:Spanish–Moro conflict
457:Revolts and uprisings
343:Golden Tara of Agusan
65:
33:Sulu and Celebes Seas
32:
5925:skull and crossbones
5881:Mistress of the Seas
5563:Capture of the brig
5540:Atlantic slave trade
5301:Falklands Expedition
5155:Battle of Cape Lopez
5075:1582 Cagayan battles
5002:Queen Anne's Revenge
4553:José Joaquim Almeida
4538:John Newland Maffitt
4458:Hayreddin Barbarossa
4298:Bartolomeu PortuguĂŞs
4288:Artemisia I of Caria
4283:Alexandre Exquemelin
4121:Baltic Slavic piracy
3874:Anglo-Turkish piracy
3763:Proclamation No. 216
3680:and peace monitoring
3595:Bukidnon bus bombing
3589:Maguindanao massacre
3535:Ozamiz Ferry Bombing
3510:Ungkaya Pukan clash
3410:Pata Island massacre
3015:on November 29, 2015
3006:Working Paper Series
2788:ReCAAP, ISC (2020).
1875:Slavery in Indonesia
1607:intelligence sharing
1462:Malaysian government
1236:Spanish–American War
1214:engagement off Mukah
967:World Heritage Sites
833:Territorial disputes
736:North Borneo dispute
726:Hukbalahap Rebellion
690:Philippines campaign
685:Battle of Leyte Gulf
665:Battle of Corregidor
640:Tydings–McDuffie Act
532:Battle of Manila Bay
522:Spanish–American War
130:Precolonial barangay
5942:No purchase, no pay
5910:Davy Jones's locker
5853:The Angel's Command
5697:Guybrush Threepwood
5545:Barbary slave trade
5522:African slave trade
5319:Jiajing wokou raids
5220:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
4443:François l'Olonnais
4303:Bartholomew Roberts
4191:Republic of Pirates
3743:Bangsamoro Republik
3541:Sipadan kidnappings
3520:Incidents involving
3486:Battle of Tipo-Tipo
3468:Operation Darkhorse
3456:Lahad Datu standoff
2896:. pp. 305–306.
2118:RECAAP ISC (2020).
1880:Slavery in Malaysia
1446:Contemporary piracy
828:Philippine drug war
790:Contemporary period
757:Communist rebellion
655:Japanese occupation
620:Military Government
574:Doctrina Christiana
482:Propaganda Movement
437:Spanish East Indies
427:Battle of Bangkusay
373:Magellan expedition
291:Sultanates of Lanao
286:Sultanate of Buayan
6102:Timeline of piracy
6059:Piracy kidnappings
5712:Jacquotte Delahaye
5667:Charlotte de Berry
5657:Captain Sabertooth
5550:Blockade of Africa
5505:Piracy Law of 1820
5435:Turkish Abductions
5372:Operation Atalanta
5306:Great Lakes Patrol
5185:Battle of Nam Quan
5135:Attack on Veracruz
5071:
4653:Nicholas van Hoorn
4638:Michel de Grammont
4503:Jacquotte Delahaye
4488:Hippolyte Bouchard
4408:Elise Eskilsdotter
4348:Charlotte de Berry
4313:Benjamin Hornigold
3650:1987 Jeddah Accord
3601:Davao City bombing
3547:Rizal Day bombings
3317:Khadaffy Janjalani
3177:Palimbang massacre
2227:Contemporary Islam
1677:Straits of Malacca
1564:Straits of Malacca
1340:
1252:
1120:aristocrates from
1044:
630:Insular Government
615:Zamboanga Republic
512:Tejeros Convention
502:Cry of Pugad Lawin
487:1872 Cavite mutiny
195:Precolonial period
135:Maritime Silk Road
110:Angono Petroglyphs
82:Prehistoric period
67:
35:
6240:Asian slave trade
6197:
6196:
6178:Piracy portal
6161:
6160:
6138:Fictional pirates
6037:Truce of Ratisbon
6011:
6010:
5972:Walking the plank
5832:On Stranger Tides
5772:Tony Tony Chopper
5662:Captain Stingaree
5599:Fictional pirates
5415:Sack of Baltimore
5410:Raid on Cartagena
5352:Moscow University
5231:Beluga Nomination
5200:Battle of Pianosa
5125:Antelope incident
5016:Marquis of Havana
4954:
4953:
4663:Olivier Levasseur
4603:Louis-Michel Aury
4568:Klaus Störtebeker
4518:Jeanne de Clisson
4438:François Le Clerc
4273:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
4219:
4218:
4136:South China Coast
4100:Strait of Malacca
3776:
3775:
3583:Mindanao bombings
3529:Lahad Datu ambush
3474:Battle of Basilan
3450:Cotabato conflict
3432:Misuari rebellion
3380:
3379:
3323:Ameril Umbra Kato
3263:
3262:
2952:978-9971-69-386-2
2544:978-1-138-68233-7
1900:Caribbean Pirates
1870:Slavery in Brunei
1659:Piracy statistics
1494:Strait of Malacca
1456:specifically the
1067:as they occur in
1056:maritime security
1020:
1019:
867:Ancient religions
848:COVID-19 pandemic
703:Post-independence
442:Captaincy General
318:Butuan Ivory Seal
296:Sultanate of Sulu
177:Prehistoric beads
16:(Redirected from
6247:
6187:
6186:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6072:
5874:Pirate Latitudes
5867:Long John Silver
5860:Voyage of Slaves
5727:Long John Silver
5622:Captain Birdseye
5595:
5465:Letter of marque
5425:Salvador Pirates
5420:Sack of Campeche
5243:Chepo Expedition
5225:Battle of Tysami
5180:Battle off Mukah
5170:Battle of Manila
5009:Quedagh Merchant
4967:Adventure Galley
4813:Victual Brothers
4798:Thomas Cavendish
4763:Sayyida al Hurra
4748:Samuel Hall Lord
4728:Roche Braziliano
4713:Robert Culliford
4648:Nathaniel Gordon
4618:Martin Frobisher
4578:Laurens de Graaf
4548:Jørgen Jørgensen
4483:Henry Strangways
4463:Hendrick Lucifer
4413:Eustace the Monk
4278:AntĂłnio de Faria
4228:
4196:Republic of Salé
4166:ĂŽle Sainte-Marie
4021:
3998:Victual Brothers
3906:Cilician pirates
3803:
3796:
3789:
3780:
3721:Related articles
3559:Siege of Lamitan
3480:Mamasapano clash
3404:Patikul massacre
3392:Battle off Mukah
3341:Radullan Sahiron
3272:
3191:
3159:Jabidah massacre
3106:
3099:
3092:
3083:
3068:
3035:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3003:
2993:
2964:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2898:
2897:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2874:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2832:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2693:
2692:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2604:
2591:
2590:
2560:
2549:
2548:
2528:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2440:on April 2, 2015
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2328:
2317:
2316:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2271:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2201:
2181:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2029:
2023:
2022:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1941:
1840:
1827:warships in the
1819:
1809:Sulu Archipelago
1804:
1789:
1771:
1759:
1743:
1720:
1706:
1671:. Data from the
1611:maritime patrols
1575:Nature of piracy
1508:or dissatisfied
1012:
1005:
998:
984:
983:
982:
716:Treaty of Manila
660:Battle of Bataan
605:Tagalog Republic
547:Malolos Congress
492:La Liga Filipina
477:British invasion
447:Tondo Conspiracy
417:Blockade of Cebu
378:Battle of Mactan
302:Events/Artifacts
205:(north to south)
141:Events/Artifacts
125:Sa Huỳnh culture
55:
37:
21:
6255:
6254:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6172:
6170:
6157:
6123:Barbary pirates
6111:
6107:Women in piracy
6063:
6007:
5976:
5905:Buried treasure
5893:
5825:Facing the Flag
5818:Treasure Island
5791:
5737:Vaas Montenegro
5732:Monkey D. Luffy
5702:Hector Barbossa
5687:Elizabeth Swann
5652:Captain Pugwash
5589:
5587:
5580:
5557:Veloz Passagera
5555:Capture of the
5508:
5439:
5248:Capture of the
5056:
4988:Flying Dutchman
4950:
4916:Miguel EnrĂquez
4868:
4862:
4828:William Dampier
4783:Simon Mascarino
4778:Shirahama Kenki
4758:Samuel Pallache
4723:Roberto CofresĂ
4633:Mary Wolverston
4608:Mansel Alcantra
4583:Lawrence Prince
4263:Albert W. Hicks
4215:
4153:
4145:
4109:
4066:
4012:
4008:Women in piracy
3973:Sindhi corsairs
3926:French corsairs
3916:Cossack pirates
3869:Albanian piracy
3862:Types of pirate
3857:
3812:
3807:
3777:
3772:
3716:
3679:
3673:
3630:
3521:
3515:
3504:Siege of Marawi
3376:
3311:Isnilon Hapilon
3299:
3259:
3218:
3182:
3165:Manili massacre
3115:
3110:
3038:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3001:
2996:
2982:
2967:
2953:
2938:
2935:
2933:Further reading
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2901:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2867:
2860:
2858:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2732:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2708:
2707:
2696:
2677:Pacifica Review
2674:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2606:
2605:
2594:
2587:
2562:
2561:
2552:
2545:
2530:
2529:
2500:
2489:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2371:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2330:
2329:
2320:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2280:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2202:
2198:
2183:
2182:
2155:
2141:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2095:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2031:
2030:
2026:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1974:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1895:Barbary Pirates
1851:
1844:
1841:
1832:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1796:
1790:
1781:
1779:Antonio Brugada
1772:
1763:
1760:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1721:
1712:
1707:
1698:
1681:South China Sea
1661:
1644:
1590:
1588:State responses
1577:
1552:
1498:South China Sea
1453:
1448:
1397:
1328:
1244:
1165:
1143:Because of the
1091:
1085:
1016:
980:
978:
973:
972:
971:
912:Diet and health
861:
853:
852:
838:Siege of Marawi
793:
782:
781:
772:Fourth Republic
752:
741:
740:
706:
695:
694:
670:Second Republic
610:Negros Republic
600:
589:
588:
394:
383:
382:
328:Kabayan Mummies
198:
187:
186:
95:Homo luzonensis
85:
54:the Philippines
53:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6253:
6251:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6202:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6181:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6148:Piracy by year
6145:
6140:
6135:
6133:Female pirates
6130:
6128:By nationality
6125:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6076:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6033:
6032:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5984:
5982:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5722:Joshamee Gibbs
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5592:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5560:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5502:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5356:
5347:
5338:
5329:
5325:Maersk Alabama
5321:
5316:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5290:
5282:
5274:
5266:
5258:
5253:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5055:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4936:Robert Maynard
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4818:Vincenzo Gambi
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Samuel Bellamy
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4718:Robert Surcouf
4715:
4710:
4708:Richard Glover
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4678:Pierre Lafitte
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4453:Grace O'Malley
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Edward England
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4353:Cheung Po Tsai
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4308:Benito de Soto
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4253:Abraham Samuel
4250:
4248:Adam Baldridge
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4201:Saint Augustin
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4078:Horn of Africa
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4062:Gulf of Guinea
4059:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4048:Lake Nicaragua
4040:
4029:
4027:
4025:Atlantic World
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Jewish pirates
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3678:Security zones
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3398:Battle of Jolo
3395:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3371:Abdullah Maute
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3278:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3171:Tacub massacre
3168:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3051:(2): 118–133.
3036:
3025:
2994:
2980:
2965:
2951:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2899:
2882:
2846:
2822:
2800:
2780:
2758:
2738:
2718:
2694:
2664:
2657:
2626:
2619:
2592:
2585:
2550:
2543:
2498:
2474:
2451:
2424:
2411:978-1173798765
2410:
2388:
2370:978-1511851268
2369:
2346:
2318:
2312:978-1231100561
2311:
2293:
2279:978-0615382425
2278:
2252:
2217:
2196:
2153:
2144:|journal=
2110:
2070:
2063:
2043:
2024:
1989:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1689:underreporting
1660:
1657:
1643:
1640:
1589:
1586:
1576:
1573:
1556:Southeast Asia
1551:
1548:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1396:
1393:
1327:
1324:
1304:merchant ships
1243:
1240:
1199:In the 1840s,
1164:
1161:
1145:continual wars
1084:
1081:
1069:maritime zones
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
989:
988:
975:
974:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
932:Historiography
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
897:Communications
894:
889:
884:
879:
877:Queen consorts
874:
869:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
823:Oakwood mutiny
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
798:Fifth Republic
794:
792:(1986–present)
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
753:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
711:Third Republic
707:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
625:Moro Rebellion
622:
617:
612:
607:
601:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
560:
559:
554:
552:First Republic
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
452:Manila galleon
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Treaty of Cebu
409:
404:
395:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
348:Monreal Stones
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
199:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
138:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
86:
80:
79:
76:
75:
69:
68:
58:
57:
48:
47:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6252:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6190:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6114:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6031:
6028:
6027:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:Miscellaneous
6014:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5983:
5981:Miscellaneous
5979:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5962:Pirate utopia
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5682:Elaine Marley
5680:
5678:
5677:Edward Kenway
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:Captain Flint
5635:
5633:
5632:Captain Crook
5630:
5628:
5627:Captain Blood
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5583:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5450:Acts of grace
5448:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5343:Orkim Harmony
5339:
5337:
5335:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5286:Carré d'As IV
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5250:Ambrose Light
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5030:Royal Fortune
5027:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4974:Ambrose Light
4971:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4947:
4946:Woodes Rogers
4944:
4942:
4941:Thomas Warren
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:Julius Caesar
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4881:Chaloner Ogle
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4853:Zheng Zhilong
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:Sadie Farrell
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4688:Princess Sela
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4668:Pedro Gilbert
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4588:Liang Daoming
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Francis Drake
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Dominique You
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4343:Charles Gibbs
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Abduwali Muse
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:Major figures
4222:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Barataria Bay
4159:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4151:Pirate havens
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:Barbary Coast
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Timber pirate
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3792:
3790:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3636:Peace process
3633:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3613:Jolo bombings
3611:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3498:Bohol clashes
3496:
3493:
3492:Butig clashes
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:Ipil massacre
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3329:Albader Parad
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3294:Murad Ebrahim
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:Moro conflict
3107:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3026:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2981:9971-69-242-2
2977:
2973:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2658:9789812305909
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:9789814515726
2616:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:9781315545264
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2376:
2372:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2199:
2197:87-91114-37-3
2193:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2136:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2064:9781849804844
2060:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Thalassocracy
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1730:armed with a
1729:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1320:galley slaves
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:Slave trading
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:coastal state
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1036:sword, and a
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
993:
991:
990:
987:
977:
976:
968:
965:
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918:
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765:
763:
762:Moro conflict
760:
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734:
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172:Manunggul Jar
170:
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64:
60:
59:
56:
49:
44:
38:
31:
27:
19:
6225:Moro history
6169:
6042:Pirate Round
6022:
5993:Space pirate
5967:Treasure map
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5757:Roronoa Zoro
5707:Jack Sparrow
5647:Captain Nemo
5642:Captain Hook
5564:
5556:
5532:
5402:
5359:
5351:
5342:
5333:
5324:
5311:
5294:Dai Hong Dan
5293:
5285:
5278:
5270:
5262:
5249:
5230:
5049:
5044:Whydah Gally
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4995:Ganj-i-Sawai
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4959:Pirate ships
4911:Luis Fajardo
4896:James Brooke
4886:David Porter
4858:Zheng Yi Sao
4833:William Kidd
4788:Stede Bonnet
4773:Shap-ng-tsai
4753:Samuel Mason
4673:Peter Easton
4623:Mary Lindsey
4573:Lai Choi San
4563:Joseph Barss
4558:Joseph Baker
4528:John Hawkins
4523:Johanna HĂĄrd
4513:Jean Lafitte
4508:Jan Janszoon
4498:Israel Hands
4478:Henry Morgan
4468:Henri Caesar
4383:Dirk Chivers
4318:Black Caesar
4243:Abshir Boyah
4140:
4114:Other waters
4095:Persian Gulf
4083:Somali Coast
4071:Indian Ocean
4043:Spanish Main
3958:River pirate
3936:Moro pirates
3935:
3911:Child pirate
3836:21st century
3353:Ahmed Santos
3290:(MNLF EC-15)
3215:(MNLF EC-15)
3187:Rebel groups
3132:Gun cultures
3072:
3048:
3044:
3030:
3017:. Retrieved
3010:the original
3005:
2970:
2941:
2920:
2892:
2885:
2859:. Retrieved
2849:
2836:
2812:
2790:
2783:
2770:
2748:
2741:
2728:
2721:
2711:
2680:
2676:
2639:
2609:
2568:
2533:
2488:. Retrieved
2486:. p. 11
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2463:. p. 12
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2438:the original
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2401:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2359:
2340:
2336:
2302:
2296:
2265:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2186:
2135:cite journal
2123:. Retrieved
2113:
2087:. Retrieved
2084:Safety 4 Sea
2083:
2073:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1978:cite journal
1953:
1949:
1939:
1890:Marina Sutil
1822:
1774:
1727:
1709:
1685:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1591:
1578:
1553:
1532:
1491:
1454:
1407:North Borneo
1398:
1379:and an iron
1341:
1287:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1256:pirate ships
1253:
1233:
1228:
1201:James Brooke
1198:
1181:Spanish Army
1170:
1166:
1142:
1092:
1052:Celebes Seas
1045:
1037:
1031:
650:World War II
645:Commonwealth
562:
561:
396:
363:Barter rings
301:
300:
204:
203:
200:
162:Kalanay Cave
140:
139:
120:Jade culture
26:
18:Moro pirates
6235:Celebes Sea
5957:Pirate code
5932:Keelhauling
5920:Jolly Roger
5782:Will Turner
5717:José Gaspar
5617:Barbe Rouge
5514:Slave trade
4768:Sister Ping
4698:Rachel Wall
4493:Huang Bamei
4473:Henry Every
4428:FĹ«ma KotarĹŤ
4423:Flying Gang
4338:Calico Jack
4328:Bully Hayes
4131:Falcon Lake
4105:Nosy Boraha
3963:Sea Beggars
3951:Confederate
3921:Filibusters
3758:Moro people
3555:(2000–2001)
3440:(2002–2015)
3282:Nur Misuari
3254:Maute group
2683:(1): 7–24.
2490:October 30,
2467:October 30,
2444:February 6,
2417:February 6,
2381:February 6,
1631:Philippines
1602:Philippines
1540:sovereignty
1466:naval bases
1354:called the
1342:Other than
1336:Philippines
1292:swivel guns
1205:White Rajah
1203:became the
1149:Moro people
1106:Philippines
892:Archaeology
887:Agriculture
767:Martial law
751:(1965–1986)
705:(1946–1965)
599:(1898–1946)
584:Velarde map
569:Boxer Codex
393:(1565–1898)
182:Shell tools
157:Grave goods
52:History of
6204:Categories
6116:Categories
6092:Privateers
6054:Matelotage
5988:Air pirate
5952:Pet parrot
5804:The Pirate
5752:Nico Robin
5672:Davy Jones
5612:Tom Ayrton
5586:Pirates in
5475:Piracy Act
5444:Piracy law
5360:North Star
5023:My Revenge
4876:Angelo Emo
4838:Zheng Jing
4803:Thomas Tew
4598:Lo Hon-cho
4418:Flora Burn
4398:Edward Low
4368:Dan Seavey
4363:Chui A-poo
4323:Blackbeard
4268:Anne Bonny
4206:Saint-Malo
4186:Port Royal
4171:Libertatia
3983:Ushkuyniks
3946:Privateers
3941:Narentines
3901:Buccaneers
3831:Golden Age
3365:Omar Maute
3335:Abu Sabaya
3230:Abu Sayyaf
3127:Drug abuse
2861:August 11,
2005:(4): 800.
1956:(2): 114.
1931:References
1792:Kris from
1734:at the bow
1582:Abu Sayyaf
1568:Abu Sayyaf
1506:Abu Sayyaf
1478:Lahad Datu
1440:Abu Sayyaf
1424:Sea Nomads
1419:Lahad Datu
1389:grape shot
1385:cannonball
1375:, made of
1316:Christians
1189:small arms
1157:privateers
1155:forces or
1112:) and the
1087:See also:
843:Bangsamoro
749:Marcos era
680:Hukbalahap
358:Piloncitos
197:(900–1565)
5937:Marooning
5565:Brillante
5354:hijacking
5345:hijacking
5336:hijacking
5327:hijacking
4628:Mary Read
4533:John Hoar
4403:Eli Boggs
4373:Diabolito
4154:and bases
4090:Indonesia
4055:Venezuela
4033:Caribbean
3522:civilians
3385:Incidents
3304:Islamists
3223:Islamists
3065:158544530
2961:834772443
2343:(4): 401.
2247:144390501
2233:: 29–53.
2206:cite book
2125:August 6,
2089:August 7,
2019:158983060
1970:219931525
1831:, c. 1850
1598:Indonesia
1550:2014–2021
1523:M1 Garand
1451:2000–2014
1436:extortion
1381:spearhead
1226:steamship
1177:Brigadier
937:Languages
927:Geography
917:Education
902:Conflicts
635:Jones Law
563:Artifacts
497:Katipunan
432:New Spain
100:Tabon Man
84:(pre-900)
6230:Sulu Sea
6189:Category
5915:Eyepatch
5787:Zanzibar
5762:Sandokan
5742:Mr. Smee
5607:Askeladd
5535:Incident
5405:incident
5314:incident
5296:incident
5288:incident
5233:incident
4848:Zheng Yi
4843:Zheng Qi
4823:Wang Zhi
4703:Redbeard
4593:Limahong
4543:John Pro
4448:Gan Ning
4333:Cai Qian
4141:Sulu Sea
3968:Sea Dogs
3768:Refugees
3424:and the
3288:Mus Sema
2990:51572722
2871:cite web
2375:Archived
2363:. SPCK.
2099:cite web
2040:(1): 68.
1925:Sandokan
1849:See also
1829:Sulu Sea
1679:and the
1629:and the
1627:Malaysia
1600:and the
1594:Malaysia
1474:Sandakan
1470:Semporna
1365:Kampilan
1361:boarding
1267:pangayaw
1130:Mindanao
1102:Sulu Sea
1033:kampilan
957:Politics
947:Military
942:Medicine
860:By topic
818:EDSA III
333:Baybayin
308:Maragtas
276:Sanmalan
256:Madja-as
211:Caboloan
147:Balangay
73:Timeline
43:a series
41:Part of
6153:Pirates
6082:Pirates
5590:culture
5588:popular
5533:Amistad
5334:Zafirah
5037:Saladin
4869:hunters
4658:Ng Akew
4258:Alfhild
4231:Pirates
4211:Tortuga
3993:Vikings
3889:Algiers
3818:Periods
3268:Leaders
3137:Poverty
3120:Prelude
3019:May 20,
2288:1837416
1750:in 1843
1748:Sarawak
1732:lantaka
1696:Gallery
1344:muskets
1326:Weapons
1312:raiding
1284:galleys
1229:Rainbow
1222:Captain
1218:Illanun
1209:Sarawak
1134:Spanish
1096:in the
922:Economy
407:Sandugo
368:Luzones
261:Dapitan
231:Maynila
226:Namayan
6143:Piracy
6049:Mutiny
5947:Pegleg
5898:Tropes
5796:Novels
5692:Franky
5362:affair
4926:Pompey
4867:Pirate
4808:Veborg
4293:Awilda
4181:Mamora
3988:Uskoks
3810:Piracy
3670:(MILF)
3664:(MILF)
3658:(MNLF)
3652:(MNLF)
3646:(MNLF)
3627:(2023)
3621:(2021)
3615:(2020)
3609:(2019)
3603:(2016)
3597:(2014)
3591:(2009)
3585:(2009)
3579:(2006)
3573:(2004)
3567:(2002)
3561:(2001)
3549:(2000)
3543:(2000)
3537:(2000)
3531:(1985)
3512:(2022)
3506:(2017)
3500:(2017)
3494:(2016)
3488:(2016)
3482:(2015)
3476:(2014)
3470:(2014)
3464:(2013)
3458:(2013)
3452:(2008)
3446:(2007)
3434:(2001)
3428:(2000)
3418:(1995)
3412:(1981)
3406:(1977)
3400:(1974)
3394:(1862)
3325:(BIFF)
3296:(MILF)
3284:(MNLF)
3244:(BIFF)
3209:(MILF)
3203:(MNLF)
3179:(1974)
3173:(1971)
3167:(1971)
3161:(1968)
3154:Piracy
3142:Racism
3063:
2988:
2978:
2959:
2949:
2655:
2617:
2583:
2541:
2408:
2367:
2309:
2286:
2276:
2245:
2194:
2061:
2017:
1968:
1885:Timawa
1855:Piracy
1725:Iranun
1669:ReCAAP
1560:piracy
1544:RECAAP
1527:FN FAL
1525:, and
1486:ReCAAP
1377:bamboo
1371:and a
1369:barong
1348:rifles
1296:cannon
1288:lanong
1279:lanong
1276:, and
1126:piracy
1118:Tausug
1110:Iranun
1094:Piracy
1060:piracy
1042:dagger
1028:Iranun
872:Rulers
397:Events
271:Butuan
251:Sandao
246:Pulilu
236:Ibalon
216:Cainta
45:on the
6075:Lists
5777:Usopp
5767:Sanji
5403:Quest
5312:Irene
5271:Fancy
5263:Bravo
4981:Fancy
4793:Teuta
4733:Rusla
4176:Lundy
4017:Areas
4003:Wokou
3753:Ilaga
3361:(ASG)
3355:(RSM)
3349:(ASG)
3343:(ASG)
3337:(ASG)
3331:(ASG)
3319:(ASG)
3313:(ASG)
3250:(KIM)
3238:(AKP)
3232:(ASG)
3061:S2CID
3013:(PDF)
3002:(PDF)
2841:(PDF)
2817:(PDF)
2795:(PDF)
2775:(PDF)
2753:(PDF)
2733:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
2243:S2CID
2015:S2CID
1966:S2CID
1824:Garay
1728:garay
1619:Bonga
1615:Tawau
1536:ASEAN
1482:Tawau
1411:copra
1402:copra
1373:spear
1352:sword
1300:Proas
1273:garay
1261:paraw
1242:Ships
1216:with
1193:proas
1185:forts
1153:naval
952:Names
221:Tondo
6068:Meta
5747:Nami
5499:1850
5495:1837
5491:1721
5487:1717
5483:1698
5479:1536
5279:Anne
5051:York
4378:Dido
3851:2024
3846:2023
3841:2022
3373:(MG)
3367:(MG)
3256:(MG)
3147:Rido
3021:2019
2986:OCLC
2976:ISBN
2957:OCLC
2947:ISBN
2877:link
2863:2021
2653:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2581:ISBN
2539:ISBN
2492:2014
2469:2014
2446:2013
2419:2013
2406:ISBN
2383:2013
2365:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2284:OCLC
2274:ISBN
2212:link
2192:ISBN
2148:help
2127:2021
2105:link
2091:2021
2059:ISBN
1984:link
1794:Bali
1617:and
1515:AK47
1510:MILF
1502:MILF
1496:and
1480:and
1415:1985
1356:kris
1346:and
1310:and
1254:The
1122:Jolo
1114:Sama
1098:Sulu
1050:and
1048:Sulu
1046:The
1039:kris
266:Cebu
241:Ma-i
5350:MV
5341:MT
5332:MT
3053:doi
2685:doi
2645:doi
2573:doi
2235:doi
2007:doi
1958:doi
1777:by
1723:An
1519:M16
1387:or
1207:of
1026:An
6206::
5497:,
5493:,
5489:,
5485:,
5481:,
3059:.
3049:10
3047:.
3043:.
3004:.
2984:.
2955:.
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2873:}}
2869:{{
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2803:^
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2501:^
2400:.
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2204:{{
2156:^
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2137:}}
2133:{{
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2097:{{
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2036:.
2013:.
2003:33
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2647::
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2009::
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1960::
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