428:
674:
173:
1319:
527:
126:
152:
556:
515:
selectively, grasping their food with mobile lips and a long tongue. The pelvis and hindlimbs would have allowed living individuals to rear up on their hind legs, using the front claws to hook tree branches and pull them within reach of the lips and tongue. Measurements of multiple individuals in at least one species (
514:
was one of the largest chalicotheres, standing about 2.4 metres (8 ft) tall at the shoulder. Like other schizotheriines, the teeth were adapted to browsing, and the narrow skull with high nasal bones comes to a spoon-shaped tip, a characteristic common to leaf-eating mammals that browse
551:
came together in groups. The front and back legs of this genus were more similar in length than most advanced chalicotheres, which may indicate it was better adapted to life in more open environments, spending less time standing at trees and more time walking and running.
447:
differed from typical ungulates in having large claws, rather than hooves, on the feet. Three large, highly compressed claws were present on each of the front feet, supported inside by fissured bony phalanges. In a classic example of
842:
1408:
466:), their giant claws and โhandsโ being a formidable defense against predators. The feet also (likely) featured similar qualities and functions to todayโs extant
508:
could retract the claws enough to walk smoothly with the front feet in a normal digitigrade stance, lifting the claws by hyperextension of the phalangeal hook.
400:
subfamily of chalicotheres, and has the best fossil record of any member of this group; numbers of individuals, including complete skeletons, have been found.
1492:
1472:
1482:
1395:
547:
bonebed in
Nebraska, the remains of seventeen individuals were found in a thirty-six foot area, which suggests that in at least some situations
1487:
995:
968:
544:
138:
820:
743:
500:
translates to "slow (or sloth) foot", implying it was a clumsy mover. However, as with all schizotheriines, the articulation of the
1467:
867:
Front cover image for The
Schizotheriinae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae), with emphasis on the genus Moropus
606:
588:
810:
1477:
172:
1462:
988:
581:
700:
855:
Agate
Fossils National Monument NPS Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/GRD/NRR-2009/080 (J. Graham, March 2009)
595:
570:
1335:
599:
577:
1434:
1099:
802:
317:
270:
1318:
1382:
901:
806:
531:
449:
306:
1161:
981:
679:
427:
1280:
1113:
1070:
1063:
1140:
836:
784:
167:
1133:
543:
was an uncommon animal in the woodland and savanna environments where it lived. However, at the
456:
and its kin developed feet which were structured quite similarly to those of the extinct giant
1439:
1092:
1421:
1413:
1266:
1034:
952:
929:
870:
816:
776:
739:
520:
1426:
1225:
1181:
1172:
919:
909:
768:
759:
Coombs, Margery
Chalifoux (1983). "Large Mammalian Clawed Herbivores: A Comparative Study".
493:
237:
1236:
397:
250:
905:
1294:
1218:
1204:
1197:
1124:
924:
889:
489:
477:
473:
224:
143:
45:
1456:
1373:
1287:
1245:
457:
408:
374:
362:
83:
41:
526:
440:
370:
336:
1367:
1252:
1211:
1082:
709:
462:
58:
1259:
1147:
1106:
1049:
1004:
874:
669:
481:
412:
382:
103:
68:
17:
1358:
956:
780:
1154:
501:
468:
184:
125:
108:
52:
933:
387:
151:
736:
The
Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals
555:
1352:
1190:
1022:
914:
627:
623:
485:
204:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
1400:
788:
664:
636:
378:
113:
88:
1028:
1016:
656:
646:
366:
214:
194:
1329:
772:
660:
554:
525:
426:
416:
1387:
890:"Seventeen Skeletons of Moropus; Probable Habits of this Animal"
1333:
977:
605:
Anderson Ranch
Formation, Agate Fossil Beds National Monument,
973:
1342:
1235:
1180:
1171:
1123:
1080:
1047:
361:(meaning "slow foot") is an extinct genus of large
761:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
894:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
947:Holland, W. J.; Peterson, Olof August (1914).
989:
969:Cambridge Journals Online, Journal of Zoology
812:The Fossil Book: A Record of Prehistoric Life
8:
841:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
587:Stage Hill I, aka Millennium's End Quarry,
1330:
1177:
1055:
1044:
996:
982:
974:
738:. London: Marshall Editions. p. 261.
472:โa unique group of animals containing the
150:
124:
31:
923:
913:
559:First complete skeletal restoration, 1918
692:
834:
729:
727:
523:, with one sex larger than the other.
949:The osteology of the Chalicotheroidea
888:Osborn, Henry Fairfield (July 1919).
7:
1493:Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
815:. Dover Publications. p. 573.
809:, Carroll Lane (January 15, 2020).
591:estimated age: ~21.6โ21.5 Mya.
865:Coombs, Margery Chalifoux (1973).
139:National Museum of Natural History
25:
1473:Miocene mammals of North America
1317:
672:
403:The closest extant relatives of
171:
1483:Miocene genus first appearances
609:estimated age ~ 21.3-19.2 Mya.
584:estimated age: ~18.7 Mya.
573:estimated age: ~18.7 Mya.
159:Reconstruction of the head of
1:
1488:Fossil taxa described in 1877
705:in the Paleobiology Database"
589:Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska
385:, existing for approximately
373:family. They were endemic to
576:Stewart Spring (UCMP 2027),
1509:
504:(finger) bones shows that
407:are other perissodactyls:
1314:
1058:
1043:
1011:
283:
278:
168:Scientific classification
166:
158:
149:
132:
123:
34:
734:Palmer, D., ed. (1999).
582:Esmeralda County, Nevada
431:Size comparison between
27:Extinct genus of mammals
571:Kern County, California
1468:Miocene Perissodactyla
805:, Thomas Hewitt Rich,
600:Malheur County, Oregon
596:Sucker Creak Formation
560:
537:
530:Life restoration of a
436:
365:("odd-toed" ungulate)
1435:Paleobiology Database
803:Patricia Vickers Rich
614:Species distributions
558:
529:
430:
381:from ~20.4โ13.6
915:10.1073/pnas.5.7.250
807:Mildred Adams Fenton
519:) suggest there was
450:convergent evolution
320:& Peterson, 1913
906:1919PNAS....5..250F
680:Paleontology portal
594:Sucker Creek site,
564:Fossil distribution
561:
538:
437:
1478:White River Fauna
1450:
1449:
1422:Open Tree of Life
1336:Taxon identifiers
1327:
1326:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1267:Metaschizotherium
521:sexual dimorphism
494:three-toed sloths
354:
353:
348:
340:
329:
321:
310:
299:
291:
274:
16:(Redirected from
1500:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1331:
1322:
1321:
1182:Chalicotheriinae
1178:
1173:Chalicotheriidae
1056:
1045:
998:
991:
984:
975:
961:
960:
944:
938:
937:
927:
917:
885:
879:
878:
862:
856:
853:
847:
846:
840:
832:
830:
829:
799:
793:
792:
756:
750:
749:
731:
722:
721:
719:
717:
697:
682:
677:
676:
675:
569:Phillips Ranch,
396:belonged to the
391:
346:
335:
327:
316:
305:
297:
289:
269:
262:
249:
238:Chalicotheriidae
236:
176:
175:
154:
128:
118:
55:
51:20.43โ13.6
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1463:Schizotheriinae
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1338:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1300:
1237:Schizotheriinae
1231:
1167:
1119:
1076:
1052:
1039:
1007:
1002:
965:
964:
946:
945:
941:
887:
886:
882:
864:
863:
859:
854:
850:
833:
827:
825:
823:
801:
800:
796:
773:10.2307/3137420
758:
757:
753:
746:
733:
732:
725:
715:
713:
699:
698:
694:
689:
678:
673:
671:
616:
602:~16.4 Mya.
566:
478:silky anteaters
425:
386:
268:
260:
251:Schizotheriinae
247:
234:
170:
142:
137:
136:skeleton at the
119:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
50:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1379:
1364:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1295:Tylocephalonyx
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1219:Nestoritherium
1215:
1208:
1205:Hesperotherium
1201:
1198:Chalicotherium
1194:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1125:Lophiodontidae
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1035:Perissodactyla
1031:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
972:
971:
963:
962:
939:
900:(7): 250โ252.
880:
857:
848:
821:
794:
751:
744:
723:
691:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
668:
667:
653:M. oregonensis
650:
640:
630:
615:
612:
611:
610:
603:
592:
585:
578:Mineral County
574:
565:
562:
535:M. oregonensis
424:
421:
398:schizotheriine
352:
351:
350:
349:
341:
333:M. oregonensis
330:
328:Peterson, 1914
322:
311:
300:
292:
281:
280:
276:
275:
258:
254:
253:
245:
241:
240:
232:
228:
227:
225:Perissodactyla
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
164:
163:
156:
155:
147:
146:
144:Washington, DC
134:Moropus elatus
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
46:Middle Miocene
39:
26:
24:
18:Moropus elatus
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1505:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1320:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1288:Schizotherium
1285:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1246:Ancylotherium
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1162:Paralophiodon
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1006:
999:
994:
992:
987:
985:
980:
979:
976:
970:
967:
966:
958:
954:
950:
943:
940:
935:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
884:
881:
876:
872:
868:
861:
858:
852:
849:
844:
838:
824:
822:9780486838557
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
798:
795:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
752:
747:
745:1-84028-152-9
741:
737:
730:
728:
724:
712:
711:
706:
704:
696:
693:
686:
681:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
651:
648:
644:
641:
638:
634:
631:
629:
625:
621:
618:
617:
613:
608:
604:
601:
597:
593:
590:
586:
583:
579:
575:
572:
568:
567:
563:
557:
553:
550:
546:
545:Agate Springs
542:
536:
533:
528:
524:
522:
518:
513:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
458:ground sloths
455:
451:
446:
442:
441:chalicotheres
434:
429:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
390:million years
389:
384:
380:
376:
375:North America
372:
368:
364:
363:perissodactyl
360:
359:
345:
342:
338:
334:
331:
326:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
301:
296:
293:
288:
285:
284:
282:
277:
272:
267:
266:
259:
256:
255:
252:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
165:
162:
157:
153:
148:
145:
140:
135:
131:
127:
122:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1343:
1293:
1286:
1281:Phyllotillon
1279:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1114:Paleomoropus
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1071:Protomoropus
1069:
1064:Pappomoropus
1062:
948:
942:
897:
893:
883:
866:
860:
851:
826:. Retrieved
811:
797:
764:
760:
754:
735:
714:. Retrieved
708:
702:
695:
652:
642:
632:
619:
548:
540:
539:
534:
516:
511:
510:
505:
497:
467:
461:
453:
444:
438:
432:
404:
402:
393:
371:chalicothere
357:
356:
355:
343:
332:
324:
313:
302:
294:
286:
264:
263:
160:
133:
35:
29:
1368:Wikispecies
1253:Borissiakia
1212:Kalimantsia
1141:Eolophiodon
1083:Eomoropidae
767:(7): 1โ96.
716:17 December
710:Fossilworks
643:M. merriami
633:M. hollandi
496:. The name
463:Megatherium
439:Like other
435:and a human
423:Description
377:during the
347:Marsh, 1877
325:M. merriami
314:M. matthewi
303:M. hollandi
298:Marsh, 1877
290:Marsh, 1877
244:Subfamily:
1457:Categories
1260:Chemositia
1148:Lophiaspis
1134:Atalanodon
1107:Litolophus
1050:Ancylopoda
1005:Ancylopoda
875:1090678060
869:(Thesis).
828:2022-08-25
687:References
649:, Nebraska
639:, Nebraska
502:phalangeal
482:armadillos
287:M. distans
1155:Lophiodon
1100:Grangeria
1093:Eomoropus
1015:Kingdom:
957:906224063
837:cite book
781:0065-9746
620:M. elatus
517:M. elatus
469:Xenarthra
460:(such as
295:M. elatus
191:Kingdom:
185:Eukaryota
1353:Wikidata
1191:Anisodon
1029:Mammalia
1023:Chordata
1021:Phylum:
1017:Animalia
934:16576385
628:Nebraska
624:Colorado
607:Nebraska
532:browsing
488:and the
486:tamandua
433:M.elatus
344:M. senex
307:Peterson
279:Species
231:Family:
215:Mammalia
205:Chordata
201:Phylum:
195:Animalia
181:Domain:
161:M.elatus
1427:4942728
1414:1301684
1401:4830312
1388:4525724
1374:Moropus
1359:Q133086
1344:Moropus
1274:Moropus
1226:Winamia
1033:Order:
1027:Class:
925:1091586
902:Bibcode
789:3137420
703:Moropus
665:Florida
637:Wyoming
549:Moropus
541:Moropus
512:Moropus
506:Moropus
498:Moropus
454:Moropus
445:Moropus
405:Moropus
394:Moropus
379:Miocene
369:in the
358:Moropus
318:Holland
265:Moropus
257:Genus:
221:Order:
211:Class:
36:Moropus
955:
932:
922:
873:
819:
787:
779:
742:
657:Oregon
647:Nevada
484:, the
417:tapirs
415:, and
413:rhinos
409:horses
367:mammal
339:, 1873
309:, 1907
273:, 1877
1440:43084
1409:IRMNG
785:JSTOR
661:Texas
474:giant
337:Leidy
271:Marsh
42:Early
1396:GBIF
953:OCLC
930:PMID
871:OCLC
843:link
817:ISBN
777:ISSN
740:ISBN
718:2021
580:and
492:and
490:two-
476:and
59:Pre๊
1383:EoL
920:PMC
910:doi
769:doi
388:6.8
383:Mya
1459::
1437::
1424::
1411::
1398::
1385::
1370::
1355::
951:.
928:.
918:.
908:.
896:.
892:.
839:}}
835:{{
783:.
775:.
765:73
763:.
726:^
707:.
663:,
659:,
655:-
645:-
635:-
626:,
622:-
598:,
480:,
452:,
443:,
419:.
411:,
392:.
109:Pg
53:Ma
48:,
1085:"
1081:"
997:e
990:t
983:v
959:.
936:.
912::
904::
898:5
877:.
845:)
831:.
791:.
771::
748:.
720:.
701:"
261:โ
248:โ
235:โ
141:,
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:๊
44:-
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
