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481:- a term with no exact English equivalent. Dilthey attempted to articulate the entire range of the moral sciences in a comprehensive and systematic way. Meanwhile, his conception of “Geisteswissenschaften” encompasses also the abovementioned study of classics, languages, literature, music, philosophy, history, religion, and the visual and performing arts. He characterized the scientific nature of a study as depending upon:
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350:, studying events that cannot be repeated, can use the method of historical narratives. More recently, usage of the term has been extended to the study of human social phenomena. Thus, natural and social sciences are commonly classified as science, whereas the study of classics, languages, literature, music, philosophy, history, religion, and the visual and performing arts are referred to as the
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quantities and closes the subject-object split in science. In particular, it addresses the ways in which self-reflection, art, music, poetry, drama, language and imagery reveal the human condition. By being interpretive, reflective, and appreciative, human science re-opens the conversation among science, art, and philosophy."
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which exceeds all methods not based solely on sensory observations. Modern approaches in the human sciences integrate an understanding of human structure, function on and adaptation with a broader exploration of what it means to be human. The term is also used to distinguish not only the content of
549:
In recent years, 'human science' has been used to refer to "a philosophy and approach to science that seeks to understand human experience in deeply subjective, personal, historical, contextual, cross-cultural, political, and spiritual terms. Human science is the science of qualities rather than of
917:
The Court of the
Gentiles, Or, A Discourse Touching the Original of Human Literature: Both Philologie and Philosophie, from the Scriptures & Jewish Church : in Order of a Demonstration Of, I. The Perfection of Gods Word, and Church-light. II. The Imperfection of Natures Light ... III. The
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and implemented two years later. His aim was to train general science graduates who would be scientifically literate, numerate and easily able to communicate across a wide range of disciplines, replacing the traditional classical training for higher-level government and management careers. Central
575:
human experience and intention plays such a central role in determining human social behavior that an objective approach to the social sciences is too confining. Rejecting the positivist influence, they argue that the scientific method can rightly be applied to subjective, as well as objective,
440:
intrusions into traditionally humanistic areas such as sociology, non-positivistic researchers in the humanistic sciences began to carefully but emphatically distinguish the methodological approach appropriate to these areas of study, for which the unique and distinguishing characteristics of
416:
explanations, Hume sought to develop an essentially descriptive methodology; phenomena were to be precisely characterized. He emphasized the necessity of carefully explicating the cognitive content of ideas and vocabulary, relating these to their empirical roots and real-world significance.
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have sought to imitate the approach of the natural sciences by emphasizing the importance of objective external observations and searching for universal laws whose operation is predicated on external initial conditions that do not take into account differences in subjective human
362:
with reference to any one of several sciences that is predominantly concerned with abstract form that cannot be validated by physical experience through the senses, such as logic, mathematics, and the theoretical branches of computer science, information theory, and statistics.
227:. The study of the human experience is historical and current in nature. It requires the evaluation and interpretation of the historic human experience and the analysis of current human activity to gain an understanding of human phenomena and to project the outlines of
211:. It is the study and interpretation of the experiences, activities, constructs, and artifacts associated with human beings. The study of human sciences attempts to expand and enlighten the human being's knowledge of its existence, its interrelationship with other
1005:
Proposed department of education: Hearing[s] before the
Committee on education, House of Representatives, Seventieth Congress, first session on H. R. 7, a bill to create a department of education and for other purposes. April 25, 26, 27,28 and May 2,
322:, the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, which comes from the positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific methods the application of knowledge, or mathematics. As a result of the positivist influence, the term
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and social disciplines, integrated within a framework of human diversity and sustainability, should enable the human scientist to develop professional competencies suited to address such multidimensional human problems.
334:, a systematic approach to verification of knowledge first developed for dealing with natural physical phenomena and emphasizing the importance of experience based on sensory observation. However, even with regard to the
379:
also uses 'human science' to mean knowledge produced by people, but without the distinction. By the 20th century, this latter meaning was used at the same time as 'sciences that make human beings the topic of research'.
314:
meaning 'knowledge'. 'Science' may be appropriately used to refer to any branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged to show the operation of general laws.
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brought nineteenth-century attempts to formulate a methodology appropriate to the humanistic sciences together with Hume's term "moral science", which he translated as
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793:
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338:, significant differences exist among scientists and philosophers of science with regard to what constitutes valid scientific method—for example,
538:, articulated his phenomenological philosophy in a way that could be thought as a bthesis of Dilthey's attempt. Dilthey appreciated Husserl's
1979:
1964:
1974:
1945:
1902:
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310:' have complicated the usage of the term 'human science' with respect to human activities. The term 'science' is derived from the Latin
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to refer to the systematic study of human nature and relationships. Hume wished to establish a "science of human nature" based upon
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1399:"Faculty of Human Sciences | Undergraduate Programs | Academics | Bunkyo University International Exchange Center"
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2022:
1870:
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512:) of the meaning of expressions and "understanding" in terms of the relations of the part and the whole – in contrast to the
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744:(in the narrow sense, as Moral sciences, "an integrated empirical and philosophical study of values, norms and world views")
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239:.Underlying human science is the relationship between various humanistic modes of inquiry within fields such as
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The phrase 'human science' in
English was used during the 17th-century scientific revolution, for example by
171:, social, justice, and cultural aspects of human life. Human science aims to expand the understanding of the
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world through a broad interdisciplinary approach. It encompasses a wide range of fields - including
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experience. It is not used in the sense of being prejudiced by personal motives or beliefs.
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1441:"Moral sciences | Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences | Ghent University"
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phenomena are in the forefront (e.g., for the biographer), from that appropriate to the
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652:, Human Science is offered at the degree level at several institutions which include:
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for the purpose of understanding our lives in a rapidly changing world. Its use of an
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1294:"Faculty of Human Sciences | Undergraduate Studies | Tokiwa University"
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A variety of early thinkers in the humanistic sciences took up Hume's direction.
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1248:"Graduate School of Human Sciences / School of Human Sciences Osaka University"
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The Human
Science degree is relatively young. It has been a degree subject at
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424:, for example, conceived of economics as a moral science in the Humean sense.
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a field of study from that of the natural science, but also its methodology.
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Institute for
Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR) -Japan
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experience. The term subjective is used in this context to refer to inner
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1223:"Human Sciences | Undergraduate Study | University of Exeter"
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for a descriptive study of the individual nature of phenomena, and
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1336:"Department of Community Studies | Aoyama Gakuin University"
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Economics As a Moral
Science: The Political Economy of Adam Smith
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the phenomena under consideration with natural science's need to
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and systems, and the development of artifacts to perpetuate the
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1508:
1002:
United States. Congress. House. Committee on
Education (1928).
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1591:
57:
1504:
235:, informed critique of human existence and how it relates to
50:"Moral science" redirects here. For the ethical concept, see
842:"Human Sciences - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
298:
Ambiguity and confusion regarding the usage of the terms '
2028:
List of people considered a founder in a
Humanities field
664:(as Human Sciences and as Human Sciences and Evolution)
274:
that encompasses psychological experience in contrasts
485:
The conviction that perception gives access to reality
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phenomena, and excluding all that does not arise from
1198:"Subject areas | UCL London's Global University"
1420:"Faculty of Human Sciences | Sophia University"
354:. Ambiguity with respect to the meaning of the term
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1993:
1938:
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469:for sciences that aim to defthe generalizing laws.
88:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1108:, 1973 , Findlay, J. N., trans. London: Routledge
1378:"Faculty of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University"
358:is aggravated by the widespread use of the term
670:(as Anatomy, Developmental & Human Biology)
255:, and economics and advances in such things as
1473:An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
330:. Empirical science is knowledge based on the
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1893:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
1520:
1273:"School of Human Sciences, Waseda University"
8:
1173:"Human Sciences | University of Oxford"
488:The self-evident nature of logical reasoning
449:contrasted the humanistic science's need to
1144:"The Moral Sciences Club (A Short History)"
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1085:
432:Partly in reaction to the establishment of
394:Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals
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818:. SAGE Publications Inc. 3 November 2015.
167:in the plural) studies the philosophical,
542:(1900/1901, the first draft of Husserl's
148:Learn how and when to remove this message
1495:Human Science(s) across Global Academies
1466:David Hume: Philosopher of Moral Science
853:
851:
326:is frequently employed as a synonym for
939:An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
781:
755:History of the Human Sciences (journal)
636:, including conservation, disease ,and
615:, it was proposed in 1973 by Professor
1980:National Endowment for the Humanities
1965:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
1077:An Introduction to the Human Sciences
1041:, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1013:from the original on January 27, 2021
388:The term "moral science" was used by
7:
2709:
1975:Moscow University for the Humanities
1946:Arts and Humanities Research Council
1903:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
967:The Biological Basis of Human Nature
894:Darwin's Influence on Modern Thought
554:Objective vs. subjective experiences
502:is based on the "inner" experience (
86:adding citations to reliable sources
1357:"Faculty of Global Human Sciences"
718:(As College of Community Studies)
27:Study of the aspects of human life
25:
964:Herbert Spencer Jennings (1930).
822:from the original on 4 March 2017
796:from the original on 4 March 2017
571:and attitude. Critics argue that
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2721:
2708:
2697:
2696:
1422:. sophia.ac.jp. 19 December 2022
620:topics include the evolution of
62:
2651:List of social science journals
2023:Humanities in the United States
1871:American Journal of Archaeology
1254:from the original on 2019-03-14
1229:from the original on 2019-03-31
1204:from the original on 2018-09-11
1179:from the original on 2019-03-21
1154:from the original on 2020-07-24
1148:Cambridge Faculty of Philosophy
1125:from the original on 2013-01-16
984:from the original on 2021-01-27
946:from the original on 2021-01-27
918:Right Use of Human Learning ...
816:"History of the Human Sciences"
498:But the specific nature of the
73:needs additional citations for
2608:Science and technology studies
1898:Journal of Controversial Ideas
687:(as Human and Social Sciences)
681:(as Health and Human Sciences)
493:principle of sufficient reason
1:
970:. W.W. Norton, Incorporated.
880:Logic of Scientific Discovery
859:Explanation and Understanding
588:Human science in universities
580:experience rather than outer
1918:Revue des Études Arméniennes
1338:. aoyama.ac.jp. 14 June 2023
223:. It is the study of human
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1315:"School of Human Sciences"
1119:"Saybrook Graduate School"
942:. S. Birt. pp. 170–.
29:
2692:
2093:
2033:Outline of the humanities
2013:Criticism of mass culture
1985:National Humanities Medal
1490:Human Science Lab -London
1468:, Basil Blackwell, Oxford
1009:. U.S. Govt. print. off.
857:Georg Henrik von Wright,
662:University College London
613:University College London
2018:Educational essentialism
1655:Interdisciplinary fields
1175:. Ox.ac.uk. 2019-03-07.
914:Theophilus Gale (1677).
792:. University of Oxford.
716:Aoyama Gakuin University
506:), the "comprehension" (
282:approach typical of the
31:Not to be confused with
2296:international relations
594:University of Cambridge
540:Logische Untersuchungen
2623:Quantum social science
1806:Liberal arts education
1106:Logical Investigations
1060:of Jeffrey T. Young's
600:, with strong ties to
390:David Hume (1711–1776)
318:However, according to
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231:. Human science is an
2660:Other categorizations
2513:International studies
2498:History of technology
2433:Communication studies
2316:public administration
1882:History of Humanities
1380:. hs.kanagawa-u.ac.jp
1250:. Hus.osaka-u.ac.jp.
668:King's College London
596:has been home to the
500:Geisteswissenschaften
447:Johann Gustav Droysen
434:positivist philosophy
2493:Historical sociology
2038:Renaissance humanism
1970:Master of Humanities
1150:. 6 September 2013.
1093:Gesammelte Schriften
691:In other countries:
674:University of Exeter
657:University of Oxford
640:. The study of both
340:evolutionary biology
294:Meaning of 'science'
261:evolutionary biology
193:evolutionary biology
82:improve this article
2673:Geisteswissenschaft
2667:Behavioral sciences
2593:Political sociology
2508:Information science
2453:Development studies
1957:Geisteswissenschaft
1923:Teaching Philosophy
1702:Abductive reasoning
936:John Locke (1753).
727:Kanagawa University
602:analytic philosophy
598:Moral Sciences Club
562:, the positivistic
514:Naturwissenschaften
478:Geisteswissenschaft
191:, justice studies,
52:Science of morality
2728:Society portal
2215:auxiliary sciences
2044:Studia Humanitatis
1500:Marxism philosophy
1359:. fgh.kobe-u.ac.jp
1056:2006-09-27 at the
1037:2020-07-31 at the
921:H. Hall. pp.
901:2006-07-17 at the
882:, Routledge, 2002.
685:Cardiff University
624:, their behavior,
520:" of phenomena by
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2588:Political economy
2583:Political ecology
2438:Community studies
2428:Cognitive science
2391:Interdisciplinary
2291:Political science
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1773:General knowledge
1756:Cultural literacy
1690:
1689:
1624:Religious studies
1560:Classical studies
1464:Flew, A. (1986).
1091:Wilhelm Dilthey,
1079:, Princeton Press
1075:Wilhelm Dilthey,
737:Sophia University
732:Bunkyo University
711:Senshu University
706:Tokiwa University
701:Waseda University
679:Durham University
461:coined the terms
457:phenomena, while
436:and the latter's
428:Later development
384:Early development
332:scientific method
328:empirical science
308:scientific method
304:empirical science
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373:Theophilus Gale
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71:This article
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19:
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2478:Food studies
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2166:econometrics
2124:Anthropology
2042:
2006:Philistinism
2001:Antihumanism
1955:
1950:
1927:
1913:Nova Religio
1880:
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1778:Hermeneutics
1733:
1726:
1550:Anthropology
1472:
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1459:Bibliography
1445:. Retrieved
1435:
1424:. Retrieved
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
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1340:. Retrieved
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1319:. Retrieved
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1298:. Retrieved
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1277:. Retrieved
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1206:. Retrieved
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1181:. Retrieved
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1156:. Retrieved
1147:
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1127:. Retrieved
1113:
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1061:
1046:
1032:"David Hume"
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
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948:. Retrieved
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824:. Retrieved
810:
798:. Retrieved
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522:hypothetical
513:
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454:
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414:metaphysical
406:teleological
404:. Rejecting
393:
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280:positivistic
253:anthropology
209:anthropology
197:biochemistry
164:
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144:
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125:
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111:
104:
92:
80:Please help
75:verification
72:
45:The ABC Song
33:Anthropology
2739:Wikiversity
2630:Social work
2518:Linguistics
2443:Criminology
2360:criminology
2343:personality
2301:comparative
2279:Linguistics
2272:private law
2129:archaeology
1855:Work of art
1823:Metaphysics
1784:Historicism
1629:Visual arts
1555:Archaeology
1543:Disciplines
1275:. waseda.jp
1051:Book Review
634:environment
617:J. Z. Young
518:explanation
463:idiographic
410:theological
402:observation
320:positivists
278:the purely
272:methodology
2684:Humanities
2618:historical
2551:psychology
2523:Management
2365:demography
2323:Psychology
2306:philosophy
2267:public law
2198:integrated
1816:Quadrivium
1741:Creativity
1707:Aesthetics
1634:Filmmaking
1619:Philosophy
1575:Literature
1536:Humanities
1447:2024-05-17
1443:. ugent.be
1426:2023-12-02
1405:2023-12-02
1384:2023-12-02
1363:2023-12-02
1342:2023-12-02
1321:2023-12-02
1300:2023-12-02
1279:2023-12-02
1258:2019-03-19
1233:2019-03-19
1208:2019-03-19
1183:2019-03-19
1158:2020-07-24
1129:2019-03-19
1095:, vol. VII
988:2018-09-17
950:2018-09-17
776:References
770:Humanities
642:biological
573:subjective
569:perception
467:nomothetic
459:Windelband
451:comprehend
422:Adam Smith
377:John Locke
352:humanities
263:, and the
189:psychology
181:philosophy
169:biological
108:newspapers
41:Humanities
2562:Planning
2541:economics
2458:Education
2355:Sociology
2333:cognitive
2284:semiotics
2235:political
2193:technical
2178:Geography
2151:Economics
1888:Humanitas
1800:Humanitas
1789:Historism
1751:Criticism
1644:Sculpture
869:, pp. 4–7
638:nutrition
626:molecular
509:Verstehen
398:empirical
348:astronomy
312:scientia,
269:empirical
245:sociology
233:objective
225:phenomena
185:sociology
2755:Category
2703:Category
2571:regional
2566:land use
2401:business
2370:internet
2328:abnormal
2230:military
2220:economic
2210:cultural
2183:physical
2144:physical
2134:cultural
1939:Academia
1908:Leonardo
1876:Daedalus
1864:Journals
1828:Ontology
1717:The arts
1639:Painting
1585:Rhetoric
1252:Archived
1227:Archived
1202:Archived
1177:Archived
1152:Archived
1123:Archived
1054:Archived
1035:Archived
1011:Archived
982:Archived
944:Archived
899:Archived
820:Archived
794:Archived
765:Humanism
749:See also
630:genetics
306:', and '
257:genetics
2715:Commons
2546:history
2536:science
2471:studies
2205:History
2117:Primary
2103:History
2098:Outline
1994:Related
1929:more...
1811:Trivium
1761:Culture
1735:Bildung
1677:Medical
1662:Digital
1612:Theatre
1565:History
826:3 March
800:3 March
648:In the
582:sensory
516:, the "
504:Erleben
455:explain
438:Comtean
392:in his
367:History
356:science
344:geology
324:science
300:science
241:history
237:reality
221:thought
213:species
177:history
122:scholar
2406:public
2348:social
2240:social
2139:social
1850:Wisdom
1782:
1722:Beauty
1695:Themes
1682:Public
1672:Health
1580:Poetry
974:
865:
622:humans
609:Oxford
558:Since
207:, and
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