168:
51:
266:
290:. Quhynbore the taubronar got a New Year's Day gift in January 1504, and is identified as the taubronar of Leith in another entry. Ansle or Anslie was enough of a favourite, or had sufficient status, to play tennis with the king. The New Year's Day reward given to the More Taubronar in January 1505 was greater than the others, at 28 shillings.
178:
In
December 1505 he was given clothes made from Bruges satin and tanny fabrics, the same costume as the four Italians. Another "taubronar", Ansley, was given a slightly less expensive costume. In May 1506 the "More taubronar" was given a yellow coat lined with taffeta. This was for a special occasion
206:
and
William Dauney. It has sometimes been suggested that another individual recorded in the same sources, "Peter the More", was the same person, although Peter is not mentioned as a musician. In March 1501 "Peter More" was granted a yearly fee of 20 French crowns by privy seal letter. Peter the More
159:
fabric woven with black and red threads, with a damask doublet in grey and tanny (purplish brown), and begarried (striped) hose in
December 1503. In March 1505 he was given 28 shillings to pay for painting his drum, and was paid 14 shillings on 25 March as a reward with other court musicians. This
320:. Francis was given the pension money at Stirling Castle on 22 April 1502 and gave another performance at Stirling on 14 June. He performed at Perth in June 1503 and in August 1503 when Margaret Tudor arrived in Edinburgh. Drummers, "tabretts", played merrily at Margaret Tudor's
277:
Pringill was given 18 shillings to mend his "tawberne" in May 1489. At Easter 1501, the court musicians were given rewards in cash, the taubronars Adam Boyd, Guilliam, Ansle, and John
Portwis or Portuous received 14 shillings. The same drummers, joined by the "taubronar of
190:
The "More taubronar" was somehow injured in June 1506 at
Holyrood. The king gave his physician 9 shillings in July, and made another payment in August. The accountant called the healer a "leech". In March and May 1507 James IV gave 14 shillings to his wife and child. The
332:
was given 5 crowns when he left in August. The
Italians also moved on, one of the acrobats was given 20 crowns when he left the court in April 1502, and another, presumably Francis de Luca, departed with £13 Scots on 24 August 1503.
309:. In March 1497, Ansle the taubronar was given an Easter reward payment, and two "tawbronaris" Guilliame and Pais were given their reward payment jointly with a "spelare". Pais also performed with a fiddler called Bennet.
101:
in
September 1504. At Dumfries James IV gave 28 shillings to a musician called "Cloffies" whose "tabroun" drum had been taken by Cuddy Rig, who is identified as a fool and fiddler. "Cloffes" was also bought a coat of
198:
In
February 1506, James IV gave 28 shillings to a nurse that brought the "Moris barne" to him "to see", which may suggest this child, possibly the drummer's, was an object of exotic interest to the king.
312:
A group of
Italian acrobats was mentioned in July 1502, when James IV gave 42 shillings to Peter de Luca, "the spelaris master". Peter and Francis de Luca, the "spelar boy", had a pension of 20 French
36:
167:
1266:
722:
Mairi Cowan, 'In the
Borderlands of Periodization with "The blythnes that hes bein": The medieval / early modern boundary in Scottish history',
1291:
231:
with five dancers and a "tabrett", or "taberer". An entertainment in London in January 1552 featured "the mores danse dansyng with a tabret".
106:
at Dumfries. It is not clear if "Cloffies" (perhaps "Clovis") was the king's African drummer. The name does not appear in the accounts again.
364:
and was entertained by a taubronar and a fiddler. Some drummers served on, or performed on, one of the king's ships, the "taubronaris of the
376:
in May 1502 (perhaps a pilgrimage to the Isle of May, like that involving the More taubronar in May 1506). There was a taubronar on the
219:
had a drummer, a "tabret" player. The "taberers" seem to have played dance music. In January 1494 music for a masque or disguising at
133:, paying his "cheldis expens", alternatively the word 'child' may refer to the drummer's servant. While James was away in the north,
215:
Records mentioning other drummers at court give context to the role of the More taubronar and his performance activity. In England,
66:
Although his name has not been discovered, a few things are known of the drummer's career at the Scottish court through the royal
1286:
349:
129:, then known as "Strathbogie" on their journey back. The king may have paid for the drummer's childcare during this trip to the
1306:
235:
202:
Extracts from the treasurer's accounts mentioning the musicians at the court of James IV were first published in the 1830s by
384:
324:
to Edinburgh, and the "young Italian" acrobat performed on the day after the wedding on the tightrope in the courtyard of
250:
in February 1507, to celebrate the birth of a prince, and in February 1511. Guilliam played for Margaret Tudor aboard the
243:
1106:
203:
152:, called "Fasterins Eve". Twelve dancers wore costumes in black and white fabrics, by "the More taubronaris devis".
1301:
388:
258:
160:
payment was grouped by the accountant with the money given to four Italian "schawmeris", players of the woodwind
1296:
50:
1081:
Mairi Cowan & Laura Walkling, 'Growing up with the court of James IV', Janay Nugent & Elizabeth Ewan,
752:
Mairi Cowan & Laura Walkling, 'Growing up with the court of James IV', Janay Nugent & Elizabeth Ewan,
411:
Mairi Cowan & Laura Walkling, 'Growing up with the court of James IV', Janay Nugent & Elizabeth Ewan,
387:, a shipowner who supplied timber for the king's shipbuilding, had a taubronar on his ship in May 1504. The
44:
1149:
1241:
943:
70:. He was first noted in the accounts in December 1504. His fee for three months, a quarter, was £4-7s-6d.
858:
799:
1237:
67:
1247:
1183:
929:
915:
661:
1281:
337:
24:
1110:
1209:
282:", received New Year's Day gifts of 28 shillings in January 1502. In January 1503, James IV was at
216:
841:
223:
involving 12 male courtiers and 12 ladies was provided by a "small Tabret and a subtyle ffedyll".
507:
220:
138:
94:
32:
1267:'The More Taubronar: An African Drummer at the Court of James IV', Historic Environment Scotland
31:. His name is unknown. A "taubron" was a kind of drum, the word is related to the modern form "
341:
195:
word is "barne", perhaps meaning a baby. These payments suggest the African drummer had died.
75:
1168:
462:
298:
109:
The Italian minstrels and the "More taubronar" joined the king on his trip to the north to
325:
294:
247:
148:
In February 1505 the African drummer devised a masque or dance for the tournament held on
114:
83:
79:
54:
207:
was sent to France on royal business in May 1501 and left royal service in August 1504.
283:
270:
239:
184:
149:
134:
103:
28:
1275:
252:
126:
121:
in October 1504. There were dances, performed by the maidens of Darnaway, Elgin, and
39:. Archival records credit the More Taubronar as the producer of a costumed dance or
265:
228:
192:
118:
391:
have been connected (speculatively) with the arrival of African people, including
242:. One of the drummers at the Scottish court, Guilliam, taught the king's daughter
439:
345:
321:
180:
172:
71:
1097:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. lxxii, 96, 122, 132, 139, 145, 151, 153, 334–5, 377.
638:
443:
392:
329:
302:
224:
142:
711:
627:
369:
361:
306:
287:
1172:
817:
Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677: Imprints of the Invisible
741:
Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677: Imprints of the Invisible
484:
Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677: Imprints of the Invisible
417:
Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677: Imprints of the Invisible
373:
340:, included the tumbers Vonecorps and the Little Maiden, who performed on
90:
1163:
Nadia van Pelt, 'John Blanke's wages: No business like show business',
428:
110:
98:
1046:
451:
446:
Keywords of Identity, Race, and Human Mobility in Early Modern England
328:. An English "spelar" who accompanied Margaret to Scotland and turned
297:
with a "spelare". A "spelare" was an acrobat, performing some kind of
584:
379:
156:
130:
122:
57:
where the "More taubronar" performed and the maidens of Forres danced
40:
313:
171:
The More taubronar played for James IV on his May pilgrimage to the
368:". They received a reward for playing when the king sailed between
89:
James IV travelled with this drummer and four Italian minstrels to
471:
City, Marriage, Tournament: Arts of Rule in Late Medieval Scotland
317:
279:
264:
166:
161:
49:
348:, were recorded in the Tudor accounts and he was depicted in the
844:, 'William Cornish in a Play, Pageants, Prison, and Politics',
23:(died 1507) was a musician of African origin at the court of
1246:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1834), pp. 43–4, and see P. F. Tytler,
563:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 462–6, 457, 458, 459, 463–4.
1112:
Joannis Lelandi antiquarii de rebus Britannicis collectanea
830:
The Early Tudor Court and International Musical Relations
336:
Acrobats at the English court at this time, entertaining
1151:
Excerpta Historica: Or, Illustrations of English History
452:'Mor(e), Moir', Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue
737:
Intercultural Explorations and the Court of Henry VIII
164:, presumably the Italian minstrels mentioned in 1504.
806:
Italian and French trumpeters received similar fees.
442:, João Vicente Melo, Haig Z. Smith, Lauren Working,
598:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), 477: Miranda Kaufmann,
514:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 118, 121, 122, 124.
360:On 9 February 1507 James IV visited a shipyard at
769:, 1:1 (Edinburgh, 1833), p. 123: William Dauney,
473:(University of Wisconsin Press, 1991), pp. 175–6.
16:African musician in the Scottish court (d. 1507)
604:Chivalry and Knighthood in Scotland, 1424–1513
469:(London, 2017), p. 11: Louise Olga Fradenburg,
904:Queenship at the Renaissance Courts of Britain
724:Journal of the Canadian Historical Association
690:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 197, 206, 330.
526:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 444, 458, 459.
37:people of African origin at the Scottish court
575:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 458, 466, 468.
344:1504. Wages for a drummer of African origin,
273:with entertainment provided by two taubronars
8:
286:with two taubronars, and was entertained by
155:A coat was made for the "More taubronar" of
141:with four young African women known as the "
35:". The word "More" or "Moryen" was used for
948:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1902), pp. 330–1, 356.
891:Spectacle Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy
551:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 323, 457–8.
933:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. xxxii, 371
227:owned a gold salt cellar which depicted a
1139:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 143, 389.
804:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1908), p. 96 no. 666
702:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 377, 388.
293:On 6 March 1497, a "tawbronar" played at
1083:Children and Youth in Premodern Scotland
919:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 117, 129
893:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), p. 308.
754:Children and Youth in Premodern Scotland
602:(London, 2017), p. 11: Katie Stevenson,
413:Children and Youth in Premodern Scotland
876:, 3 (London: Bohn, 1862), p. 500, from
404:
1060:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 326–7.
802:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland
666:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), pp. 108–9.
415:(Boydell, 2015), p. 25: Imtiaz Habib,
383:. Some aristocrats employed drummers.
739:(Oxford, 2024), p. 30: Imtiaz Habib,
7:
996:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 412, 436.
972:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 102, 131.
945:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1507–1513
786:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1859), p. 554:
700:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1506–1507
688:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1506–1507
676:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1506–1507
663:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1506–1507
650:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1506–1507
616:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1500–1504
596:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1500–1504
573:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1500–1504
561:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1500–1504
549:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1500–1504
524:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1500–1504
512:Accounts of the Treasurer, 1506–1507
1127:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 387.
1072:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 360.
1032:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 322.
960:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 110.
863:, vol. 2 (London, 1836), pp. 286–7]
819:(Routledge, 2008), pp. 27–9, 274–9.
678:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), p. 115.
652:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), p. 132.
618:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 329.
498:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1990), p. 329.
316:. They may have been Italians from
236:dancing in Margaret Tudor's chamber
74:. The "More taubronar" appeared at
1187:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), p. 368
860:Antient Kalendars of the Exchequer
62:An African drummer in the archives
14:
784:The pictorial history of Scotland
1252:, vol. 3 (London, 1833), p. 331.
1114:, 4 (London, 1770), pp. 280, 297
848:, 10:40 (November 1959), p. 349.
350:1511 Westminster Tournament Roll
269:James IV spent New Year 1503 at
246:to dance. He produced dances at
773:(Edinburgh, 1838), pp. 355–361.
183:, a place of pilgrimage in the
1228:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 432.
1200:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 148.
1020:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 472.
1008:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 153.
984:, 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 148.
539:(London, 2017), p. 311 fn. 66.
486:(Routledge, 2008), pp. 278–88.
238:was memorialised in a poem by
1:
1292:Court of James IV of Scotland
1216:(Edinburgh, 1849), pp. 275–6.
906:(Woodbridge, 2018), pp. 93–4.
419:(Routledge, 2008), pp. 29–30.
211:Drummers, dance, and acrobats
448:(Amsterdam, 2021), pp. 40–50
179:when the king sailed to the
1214:Musical Memoirs of Scotland
1167:(Boydell, 2023), pp. 3–35.
1165:Medieval English Theatre 44
1045:(Edinburgh, 1927), p. 132:
1043:Mediaeval Plays in Scotland
1323:
1249:Lives of Scottish Worthies
743:(Routledge, 2008), p. 284.
305:and work on the "cord" or
1137:Accounts of the Treasurer
1125:Accounts of the Treasurer
1070:Accounts of the Treasurer
1058:Accounts of the Treasurer
1030:Accounts of the Treasurer
958:Accounts of the Treasurer
846:Review of English Studies
788:Accounts of the Treasurer
771:Ancient Scottish Melodies
1287:Black British musicians
1154:(London, 1831), p. 131.
1085:(Boydell, 2015), p. 23.
756:(Boydell, 2015), p. 26.
606:(Boydell, 2006), p. 90.
301:. The accounts mention
1307:Scottish music history
274:
175:
58:
1238:Patrick Fraser Tytler
874:Anecdotes of Painting
800:Matthew Livingstone,
356:Drummers and mariners
268:
170:
53:
1226:Treasurer's Accounts
1198:Treasurer's Accounts
1185:Treasurer's Accounts
1173:10.2307/j.ctv360nrnh
1095:Treasurer's Accounts
1018:Treasurer's Accounts
1006:Treasurer's Accounts
994:Treasurer's Accounts
982:Treasurer's Accounts
970:Treasurer's Accounts
931:Treasurer's Accounts
917:Treasurer's Accounts
828:Theodor Dumitrescu,
639:'Schalmer', DOST/DSL
496:Treasurer's Accounts
68:treasurer's accounts
45:Scottish royal court
25:James IV of Scotland
1265:Virginie Chaverot,
1243:History of Scotland
1210:John Graham Dalyell
1047:'Spelare', DOST/DSL
735:Nadia T. van Pelt,
726:23:2 (2012), p. 26.
429:'taburne', DOST/DSL
217:Catherine of Aragon
857:Francis Palgrave,
832:(Routledge, 2017).
628:'Begary', DOST/DSL
535:Miranda Kaufmann,
508:James Balfour Paul
275:
262:on 3 August 1512.
176:
139:Dunfermline Palace
59:
1302:Music of Scotland
872:Ralph N. Wornum,
790:, vol. 2, p. 450.
765:Robert Pitcairn,
712:'Barne', DOST/DSL
585:'Child', DOST/DSL
444:Blackamoor/Moor,
76:Linlithgow Palace
43:performed at the
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125:. They visited
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617:
612:
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581:
578:
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389:Barton family
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385:Robert Barton
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253:Great Michael
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244:Lady Margaret
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234:In Scotland,
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127:Huntly Castle
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27:and his wife
26:
22:
1248:
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1233:
1225:
1221:
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1205:
1197:
1193:
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1120:
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1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1001:
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989:
981:
977:
969:
965:
957:
953:
944:
939:
930:
925:
916:
911:
903:
898:
890:
885:
877:
873:
868:
859:
853:
845:
842:Sidney Anglo
837:
829:
824:
816:
811:
801:
795:
787:
783:
778:
770:
766:
761:
753:
748:
740:
736:
731:
723:
718:
707:
699:
695:
687:
683:
675:
671:
662:
657:
649:
645:
634:
623:
615:
611:
603:
600:Black Tudors
599:
595:
591:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
537:Black Tudors
536:
531:
523:
519:
511:
503:
495:
491:
483:
478:
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467:Black Tudors
466:
458:
445:
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424:
416:
412:
407:
377:
365:
359:
335:
311:
292:
276:
257:
251:
233:
229:Morris Dance
214:
201:
197:
189:
177:
154:
147:
108:
88:
65:
20:
18:
1282:1507 deaths
440:Nandini Das
346:John Blanke
330:somersaults
322:Royal Entry
303:somersaults
221:Westminster
181:Isle of May
173:Isle of May
150:Shrove-Tide
143:More lasses
1276:Categories
399:References
393:Ellen More
225:Henry VIII
137:stayed at
378:Barge of
370:Inchkeith
362:Dumbarton
338:Henry VII
307:tightrope
47:in 1505.
374:Kinghorn
259:Margaret
115:Darnaway
91:Dumfries
84:Falkland
878:Foedera
288:guisers
111:Brechin
99:Peebles
95:Eskdale
380:Dundee
314:crowns
157:camlet
131:Mounth
123:Forres
104:kersey
41:masque
366:Jacat
318:Lucca
280:Leith
193:Scots
162:shawm
119:Elgin
72:Scots
33:tabor
372:and
117:and
97:and
82:and
19:The
1169:doi
256:or
145:".
1278::
1240:,
1212:,
1109:,
510:,
465:,
450::
352:.
187:.
113:,
93:,
86:.
78:,
1171::
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