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390:. Mort had ceased partnership with Rowntree and taken another partner in Thomas McArthur, superintendent engineer of the Australian Steam Navigation Co. When McArthur died, Mort sold his shares to his foreman and his manager, possibly to guard against growing unionism, or improve flagging productivity. Balmain had become a focus for activity because of the dock, where at least two unions were busy. Dock manager James Peter Franki continued to manage the dock for 50 years finally retiring in 1922. Ship construction and repairs continued at the dry dock and immediate surrounds.
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the
Waterview Bay Dry Dock Company. Rowntree had arrived in NSW in 1852, owning much land. He'd built the "Lizzie Webber" to carry English passengers to the goldfields and for Australian coastal trading. Mort further recognised the necessity for Sydney to provide docking facilities for ships needing repairs in the Colony, as at that time there were no such facilities south of
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1945, Mort's Dock constructed 14 of the 60 Bathurst class
Corvettes built in Australia, four of the 12 River Class frigates, and a 1000-ton capacity floating dock, without which Australia would have suffered during the war effort. Furthermore, the site is outstanding because of its setting, condition, integrity and esteem in which it is held.
562:
The archaeological remains of the dry dock and wider site remain buried beneath what is now Mort Bay Park. The top of the stone walls of dry dock remains visible on the ground in the park. The caisson, and stone retailing walls remain in situ as do the ships bollards, and remnants of the patent slips
376:
Mort had bought large tracts and as needs arose, sold. When the dock needed extensions (1866 and 1875), he met costs with more sales. By 1877 80% of the estate was settled by a working class population. The elite who had settled the area from the 1840s objected to pollution and industrial impediments
311:
and comfortably raised, he'd arrived in Sydney in 1838, working as a clerk and rising rapidly. By late 1843 Mort was organising wool auctions (the first to be held solely for wool), later of livestock and property. Organising wool sales in London, he was one of our first exporters and laid a pattern
283:
Mort Bay was originally known as
Waterview Bay, and at the corner of the bay was the mouth of a small stream which ran down from Balmain Hill through the valley of Strathean. On its way to the harbour, the stream collected in small waterholes known as the "Curtis Waterholes" after the then landowner
622:
The site has a high level of aesthetic achievement becoming a distinctive landscape feature, with landmark qualities, apart from its engineering and industrial/maritime heritage value. The site represents significant technical achievement in the building of the first dry dock in the colony, opening
574:
Mort's Dock was the largest shipyard and engineering workshop in
Australia in the latter half of the 19th century. The site developed into the colony's largest private enterprise and in many ways helped establish the colony and Sydney as Australia's premier maritime port. The archaeological remains
291:
The land was then sold to
Captain Thomas Rowntree in 1853, who recognised the site as a prime location for a patent slip. To finance his venture, Rowntree sold his ship the "Lizzie Webber" and in doing so, met auctioneer Thomas Sutcliffe Mort. With partner merchant J.S.Mitchell, Rowntree had formed
658:
The site is representative of shipbuilding, ship repair, engineering and manufacturing works of that period, of the development of the colony and of
Australia as a maritime nation. By 1917, 39 steamships, and seven Manly Ferries, had been constructed on the site, and significantly between 1940 and
631:
The site is socially and culturally significant and is subject to a high level of community esteem. Mort's Dock was the largest private enterprise in the colony, contributing to the development of
Balmain as a working class area. The site is unique for its contribution to the trade union movement
457:
Shipbuilding once again declined in the post-war period, and revenue from engineering leases fell as firms relocated to cheaper land in western Sydney. The dock's death knell was the introduction of container shipping in the 1960s. Mort's Dock closed in 1958, Mort's Dock & Engineering
Company
287:
In 1842 James
Reynolds purchased from Curtis an area of land bounded by what is now Curtis Road down to the water front between Mort and Church Streets, dammed the stream, built a stone house called "Strathean Cottage" and sold fresh water to the ships anchored in the deep calm waters of the Bay.
479:
flats would be built, with plans for parkland and a harbour-side promenade. The park was developed in stages (one: 1985; two: 1986–9), while the container terminal closed in 1989. The remaining features of Mort's Dock were received heritage protection in the same year. The filled-in dry dock is
385:
Despite being the only commercial repair facility for steamers, the dock was not as profitable as expected and by 1861 Mort and
Rountree had leased the majority of the surrounding land for cargo storage, minor engineering and an iron and brass foundry. In 1867, Mort's Dock became principally an
640:
The site has the potential to yield scientific and archaeological information that will further contribute to an understanding of NSW cultural, industrial and maritime history. This high research potential is due to the survival of extant remains of the dry dock, caisson and patent slips. The
649:
The site is rare as it is thought to be one of only three surviving Australian examples of an in situ dry dock of that period. The site provides evidence of a defunct custom, process and way of life in NSW, shows unusually accurate evidence of past shipbuilding, engineering and manufacturing
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Controversy raged over redeveloping the site. The NSW Government proposal for a large public housing development was vigorously opposed by resident groups who wanted it landscaped as open space. Groups such as the Balmain Association had formed in 1965, reflecting a changing mood concerning
247:
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structural remains have a high degree of integrity and intactness as a result of the ANL backfill which preserved the remaining fabric in situ. Mort's Dock is an important reference site, provides evidence of past maritime and industrial activity that is unavailable elsewhere in NSW.
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in 1853 but no repair or maintenance facilities existed to cater for the new vessels. In 1854, Mort and Rountree purchased an area of land at Waterview Bay on the northern side of the Balmain peninsula and excavated a dry dock measuring 123 by 15 metres (404 by 49 ft).
436:
with few vessels constructed and older ships sold off or scrapped. Japan's entry into the war led to a sudden demand for coastal protection and increased offensive power in the Pacific Ocean. Between 1940 and 1945, Mort's Dock constructed fourteen of the sixty
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with the establishment of the Ship Painters and Dockers Union in 1872, and the formation of what is now the Australian Labor Party 1891. It is further significant in providing a detailed picture of production and workplace relations issues at this time.
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in 1965; its buildings were demolished and the dock filled in for new wharves to create its newest container facility. The backfill preserved the dry dock and other in situ remains providing a high archaeological potential and fabric integrity.
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Rowntree and Mort formed the Waterview Bay Dry Dock Company (later Mort's Dock & Engineering Company) in 1853 and built Australia's first dry dock and patent slip on the site. Recognising the need, and despite the
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1963: ANL container line bought part of the site to create a container facility. The elements retained by Sims were earmarked for a motel development which would be used in conjunction with the container
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408:) and slipway to cater for increased demand and by 1917 the Dock had built 39 steamships, seven Manly ferries, pumping engines for the Waverley and Crown Street reservoirs and the ironwork for the
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1968–1969: ANL filled in the dry dock, raised and levelled the site and covered with bitumen. The site was then used as a container depot until 1975 when resident protests resulted in its closure;
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and a coal mine in Newcastle, Mort added an iron and brass foundry, boiler-making facilities and a patent slip at Balmain. In 1870 the dock assembled the first locally produced locomotive.
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one year before that Cockatoo Island. The site was further responsible for a number of engineering/technical innovation including the alleged development shipboard refrigerated transport.
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Both the archaeological and research potential of the site have been assessed as high. The site has a high degree of integrity and intactness as a result of the infill in the 1960s.
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1985: development of park commenced with the demolition of the former NAL passenger terminal, associated warehouse and office buildings, concrete slab and supporting structures;
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361:. Subdivisions and sales of Waterview Bay land followed the development, values spiraling when it opened. The first vessel serviced at the new Mort's Dock was the
397:(then the Labor Electoral League), founded at this dock in 1891 by Balmain Unionists, who fielded 4 candidates in State elections. Having bought a copper mine in
1213:
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The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
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The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
353:, he started. He offered incentives: on completion, workers got a freehold block of land. The dock was operational by March 1855, one year before the
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The site has an historical association with Thomas Rowntree, Thomas Sutcliffe Mort and latterly (as they both completed apprenticeships at the site)
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412:. In the interwar period an iron foundry was constructed, a slipway and floating dock purchased and it had a virtual monopoly on local industry.
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urbanisation and loss of heritage. In 1986, in what it claimed to be a compromise, the Department of Planning and the Environment announced 211
239:. It was the first dry dock in Australia, opening for business in 1855 and closing more than a century later in 1959. The site is now parkland.
58:
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The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
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The site is historically significant as a key industrial site to the State, Sydney's first dry dock (1842) in continuous operation until 1979.
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1855: dry dock completed; 1866 extension of the engineering and blacksmiths works to include a patternmakers shop and brass and iron foundries;
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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324:. By 1850 Mort was Sydney's leading auctioneer with a fortune from land speculation in search of port space for his wool vessels.
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462:(ANL) in 1960. The derelict Mort's Dock site was levelled and converted into a container storage terminal for ships berthing at
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engineering facility; including the construction of steam locomotives, ship machinery, mining equipment and steel pipe for the
454:. By the end of the war Mort's Dock was second only to the Cockatoo Island Dockyard in the number of naval vessels produced.
1010:"Mort's Dock and Engineering Company Co Pty Ltd: Significant Artifacts on Site. A report for the NSW Department of Housing"
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The company become the largest private employer in the colony, a cornerstone of the union movement and birthplace of the
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had a flair for money-making. Building a dry-dock here, he created a building boom and large-scale development. Born in
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activity, that is important to the archaeological, engineering, heritage and trade union/labour communities in NSW.
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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
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1967: Sims demolished buildings on the northern side of dry dock with disregard for items of historical interest;
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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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to complete the residual of park construction adjacent to its site boundaries later the same year.
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1980: NSW Cabinet proposed threat ~7ha of the site be redeveloped as open space park and housing;
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1145:"Sifting the Evidence: Labour History and the Transcripts of Industrial Arbitration Proceedings"
1001:"Rowntree, Thomas Stephenson (1818–1902) in Australian Dictionary of Biography – Online Edition"
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went into liquidation in 1959 and ceased trading completely in 1968. The site was purchased by
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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484:, which stands opposite the former location of the gates to the original Mort's Dock site.
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T. S. Mort Park: Landscape Development. Working Paper no. 1. Opportunities and Restraints
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proved to be a boom time for Mort's Dock. The 1920s and 1930s had seen a decline in the
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1854: stone building (to be used as an office between 1877 and 1898) was constructed;
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Origin of the Stone Wall, Mort Bay Park, Balmain: Mort's Dock & Engineering Site
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1154:"Mort's Dock: Fifty Years Ago and To-Day: Historical – Descriptive – Illustrative"
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1019:"Second Report on Further Archaeological Excavation at Morts Dock, Balmain, NSW"
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1037:"Report on Archaeological Investigation of Morts Dock, Balmain. Trenches 13–17"
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1088:"With Banner Unfurled: the early years of the Ship Painters and Dockers Union"
1028:"Report on the Further Archaeological Excavations at Morts Dock, Balmain, NSW"
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The site has been modified over time, with the major alterations as follows:
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are possibly the only remains of a dry dock of this size preserved in situ.
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1163:"Managing Active and Redundant Industrial and Engineering Heritage Sites"
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Workers at Mort's Dock lay the keel plate for a new vessel shortly after
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1986: the second stage involving the residual of the park was commenced;
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captain T. S. Rountree (or Rowntree). Steam ships had first appeared in
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Mort Bay Park Balmain, site of Morts Dock & Engineering Company
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1870: a dam at the Cameron St end of the dry dock was constructed;
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built in Australia during the war, as well as four of the twelve
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Mort’s Dock at Waterview Bay, Balmain, c. 1860, by William Hetzer
125:
Mort's Dock; Mort's Dock & Engineering Company; Mort Bay Park
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332:
Mort's Dock was the brainchild of industrialist Mort and former
992:
Archaeological Assessment: Stone Wall, Mort Bay Park, Balmain
879:. Australian Shareholder's Association. 2006. Archived from
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on 14 January 2011 having satisfied the following criteria.
1106:
Mort Bay Prk Management Plan and Maintenance Specification
1097:"Cockatoo Island: Sydney's Historic Dockyard (2nd edn.)"
44:
Thames, Mort, College, McKell, Cameron, Yeend Streets,
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1986: the first stage of redevelopment was completed;
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1959: the company went into liquidation and sold to
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1136:Mort's Dock and Engineering Company Site – Balmain
1065:Environmental Partnership (NSW) Pty Ltd (2004).
1053:Environmental Partnership (NSW) Pty Ltd (2004).
822:. New South Wales Heritage Office. October 2006
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549:1989: the second stage was completed with the
404:In 1901 the company opened a second dry dock (
312:for future wool brokers. Mort's Wool Store at
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1152:Mort's Dock and Engineering Company (1908).
35:Vessels at Mort's Dock, Sydney Harbour, 1908
1055:"Mort Bay Park: Revised Plan of Management"
694:, an early C20th dry dock on Sydney Harbour
259:Mort’s Dock at Waterview Bay, Balmain, 1887
18:Historic site in New South Wales, Australia
496:1853: the dry dock commenced construction;
206:Location of Mort's Dock in New South Wales
29:
20:
990:Archaeology and Heritage Pty Ltd (2004).
877:"Mort's Dock and Engineering Company Ltd"
688:, a late C19th dry dock on Sydney Harbour
511:1868: the first patent slipway was built;
480:commemorated in the name of the adjacent
365:, a coastal mail steamer running between
776:Department of Planning & Environment
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133:state heritage (archaeological-maritime)
1229:New South Wales State Heritage Register
999:Australian National University (2010).
771:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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580:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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949:Freight & Container Transportation
514:1898: dry dock extenuated to 640 feet;
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279:Mort Bay, J. S. Mort and his partners
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848:. Australian Dictionary of Biography
846:"Mort, Thomas Sutcliffe (1816–1878)"
508:1874: dry dock extended to 390 feet;
1214:Shipbuilding companies of Australia
14:
296:, India. The location was ideal.
115:New South Wales Heritage Register
1187:
1127:Mort's Bay, Balmain, Sydney, NSW
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197:
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528:1966: ANL added a second berth;
578:Mort's Dock was listed on the
416:Naval contracts and modern era
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1:
1113:Land Systems Pty Ltd (1985).
1104:Land Systems Pty Ltd (1989).
1044:Higginbotham, Edward (1986).
1035:Higginbotham, Edward (1986).
1026:Higginbotham, Edward (1987).
1017:Higginbotham, Edward (1988).
1008:Don Godden & Associates.
612:Governor-General of Australia
381:Growth of general engineering
1209:Shipyards of New South Wales
1079:"The Book of Sydney Suburbs"
1173:Broomham, Rosemary (2004).
1067:"Mort Bay Park Master Plan"
563:and later container wharf.
1245:
1046:"Morts Dock, Balmain, NSW"
410:Sydney General Post Office
946:Additional Berth for ANL
377:to "their" marine views.
320:, on the site of today's
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1224:Balmain, New South Wales
1077:Pollon, Francis (1988).
460:Australian National Line
359:Cockatoo Island Dockyard
299:Proprietor and landlord
233:Balmain, New South Wales
46:Balmain, New South Wales
349:building a dry dock at
328:Sydney's first dry dock
1134:Brignell, Lyn (1984).
952:September 1967 page 14
844:Barnard, Alan (1974).
425:
395:Australian Labor Party
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1196:at Wikimedia Commons
1161:Davies, Paul (2009).
1095:Jeremy, John (2005).
551:Department of Housing
434:Royal Australian Navy
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301:Thomas Sutcliffe Mort
274:was launched in 1941.
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102:Thomas Sutcliffe Mort
1143:Hearn, Mark (2007).
1086:Wyner, Issy (1983).
976:Land Systems 1989: 3
74:33.8536°S 151.1843°E
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883:on 4 February 2011
669:Wagon Mound (No 1)
477:Housing Commission
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388:Sydney Water Board
322:Quay Quarter Tower
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146:Reference no.
79:-33.8536; 151.1843
1219:History of Sydney
1192:Media related to
964:Brignell 1984: 13
937:Brignell 1984: 12
928:Brignell 1984: 19
919:Brignell: 1984: 5
674:Poole & Steel
558:Surviving remains
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449:River-class
217:Mort's Dock
77: /
65:151°11′03″E
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1203:Categories
887:5 February
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699:References
519:Sims Metal
399:Queensland
347:Government
309:Lancashire
138:Designated
62:33°51′13″S
1123:LJ Hooker
795:CC-BY 4.0
525:terminal;
468:White Bay
445:corvettes
371:Newcastle
363:SS Hunter
334:steamship
271:Deloraine
237:Australia
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663:See also
488:Timeline
452:frigates
440:Bathurst
229:shipyard
221:dry dock
170:Builders
162:Category
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798:licence
604:Premier
243:History
225:slipway
782:2 June
442:-class
367:Sydney
305:Bolton
294:Bombay
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
