1568:
1300:
719:
1614:
133:
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system has common features to the
Chinese made Type 82 130 mm (5.1 in) 30-tube MLRS (introduced by the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) in the early 1980s) rather than rail-guided Katyusha variants such as the Qassam Rocket. The warhead weight is 70 kg (150 lb) and it is filled with TNT. It had a range of 15 to 25 km (9.3 to 15.5 mi). The rocket has since then undergone some modifications. The Pasilan 2000 was more lethal than Baba mortar. But it was not heavily used for ground attacks during the
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1028:. They have short barrels in comparison to guns and are much more lightly built than guns of a similar calibre – all characteristics of infantry mortars. This produces a hybrid weapon capable of engaging area targets with indirect high-angle fire, and also specific targets such as vehicles and bunkers with direct fire. Such hybrids are much heavier and more complicated than infantry mortars, superior to
36:
828:
1065:
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1359:
1357:
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907:
953:, to vehicles specifically intended to carry a mortar. Simpler vehicles carry a standard infantry mortar while in more complex vehicles the mortar is fully integrated into the vehicle and cannot be dismounted from the vehicle. Mortar carriers cannot be fired while on the move, and some must be dismounted to fire.
1356:
1343:
for muzzle-loading rifles. For extra range, propellant rings (augmentation charges) are attached to the bomb's fins. The rings are usually easy to remove, because they have a major influence on the speed and thus the range of the bomb. Some mortar rounds can be fired without any augmentation charges,
1152:
launcher, used from the deck of a ship, used 24 spigot mortars which fired a diamond pattern of anti-submarine projectiles into the sea ahead of the ship. A sinking projectile detonated if it struck a submarine, and the pattern was such that any submarine partly in the landing zone of the projectiles
1088:
inside the projectile and firing the propellant charge. The advantage of a spigot mortar is that the firing unit (baseplate and spigot) is smaller and lighter than a conventional tube mortar of equivalent payload and range. It is also somewhat simpler to manufacture. Further, most spigot mortars have
1020:, which combine features of modern infantry mortars together with those of modern cannon. Such weapons are most commonly smoothbore, firing fin-stabilised rounds, using relatively small propellant charges in comparison to projectile weight. While some have been fitted with rifled barrels, such as the
889:
and had a booster charge for longer range, was developed after World War I; this was in effect a new weapon. By World War II, it could fire as many as 30 bombs per minute and had a range of over 2,500 yd (2,300 m) with some shell types. The French developed an improved version of the Stokes
1519:
imaging sensor that it uses to guide itself onto any tank or armoured fighting vehicle in the vicinity where it lands. The seeker is designed to ignore targets that are already burning. Launched from any 120 mm mortar, STRIX has a normal range of up to 4.5 km (2.8 mi). The addition of
1503:
guidance and directional control surfaces into a package that replaces standard fuses, transforming existing 120 mm mortar bodies into precision-guided munitions. The XM395 munition consists of a GPS-guided kit fitted to standard 120 mm smoothbore mortar rounds that includes the fitting of
1310:
for mortars generally comes in two main varieties: fin-stabilised and spin-stabilised. Examples of the former have short fins on their posterior portion, which control the path of the bomb in flight. Spin-stabilised mortar bombs rotate as they travel along and leave the mortar tube, which stabilises
1275:
from 60 mm (2.36 in) to 120 mm (4.72 in). However, both larger and smaller mortars have been produced. The modern mortar is a muzzle-loaded weapon and relatively simple to operate. It consists of a barrel into which the gunners drop a mortar round. When the round reaches the base
1330:
Operators may fire spin-stabilised rounds from either a smoothbore or a rifled barrel. Rifled mortars are more accurate but slower to load. Since mortars are generally muzzle-loaded, mortar bombs for rifled barrels usually have a pre-engraved band, called an obturator, that engages with the rifling
1181:
Insurgent groups often use improvised, or "homemade" mortars to attack fortified military installations or terrorise civilians. They are usually constructed from heavy steel piping mounted on a steel frame. These weapons may fire standard mortar rounds, purpose-made shells, repurposed gas cylinders
1653:
in a thinner skin than rifled artillery ammunition. Because of the difference in available volume, a smooth-bore mortar of a given diameter will have a greater explosive yield than a similarly sized artillery shell of a gun or howitzer. For example, a 120 mm mortar bomb has approximately the
1637:
are being employed in strategic positions to direct fire, an arrangement where the mortar is in relatively close proximity both to its forward observer and its target, allowing for fire to be quickly and accurately delivered with lethal effect. Mortars suffer from instability when used on snow or
1096:
A near-silent mortar can operate using the spigot principle. Each round has a close-fitting sliding plug in the tube that fits over the spigot. When the round is fired, the projectile is pushed off the spigot, but before the plug clears the spigot it is caught by a constriction at the base of the
1237:
or MBRL. This is ideal for LTTE's camouflage and conceals attacking style. Once a round is fired, forward observers/spies/civilian spotters can correct the fire. The way the tube is installed is similar to the positioning of rocket pods. The length and calibre of the barrel indicate
Pasilan 2000
1092:
The disadvantage is that while most mortar bombs have a streamlined shape towards the back that fits a spigot mortar application well, using that space for the spigot mortar tube takes volume and mass away from the payload of the projectile. If a soldier is carrying only a few projectiles, the
877:
in the base of the bomb would make contact with a firing pin at the base of the tube and detonate, firing the bomb towards the target. The Stokes mortar could fire as many as 25 bombs per minute and had a maximum range of 800 yd (730 m), firing the original cylindrical unstabilised
850:, there was a great need for a versatile and easily portable weapon that could be manned by troops under cover in the trenches. Stokes' design was initially rejected in June 1915 because it was unable to use existing stocks of British mortar ammunition, and it took the intervention of
1052:(Advanced Mortar System) is an example of an even more advanced gun mortar system. It uses a 120 mm automatic twin-barrelled, breech-loaded mortar turret, which can be mounted on a variety of armoured vehicles and attack boats. A modern example of a gun-mortar is the
1859:
1654:
same explosive capability as a 152 mm/155 mm artillery shell. Also, fin-stabilised munitions fired from a smooth-bore, which do not rely on the spin imparted by a rifled bore for greater accuracy, do not have the drawback of veering in the direction of the spin.
1610:. This also makes it possible to launch attacks from positions lower than the target of the attack. (For example, long-range artillery could not shell a target 1 km (0.62 mi) away and 30 m (98 ft) higher, a target easily accessible to a mortar.)
1669:
From the 17th to the mid-20th century, very heavy, relatively immobile siege mortars were used, of up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) calibre, often made of cast iron and with an outside barrel diameter many times that of the bore diameter. An early example was
1633:, which is very hard or impossible to accomplish with long range artillery because of its much flatter trajectory. Mortars are also highly effective when used from concealed positions, such as the natural escarpments on hillsides or from woods, especially if
1232:
The
Pasilan 2000, the improved version, has been developed with characteristics similar to a rocket launcher. The Pasilan 2000 was a heavy mortar fired from a mobile launcher mounted on a tractor. The shell does not emit constant muzzle flares like
1733:
1280:
that fires the round. The barrel is generally set at an angle of between 45 and 85 degrees (800 to 1500 mils), with the higher angle producing a shorter horizontal trajectory. Some mortars have a moving firing pin, operated by a
1867:
858:) and Lieutenant Colonel J. C. Matheson of the Trench Warfare Supply Department (who reported to Lloyd George) to expedite manufacture of the Stokes mortar. The weapon proved to be extremely useful in the muddy trenches of the
1228:
used by the LTTE for ground operations since the 1980s. As Baba mortar rounds contained tar, they caused a fire when they hit the ground. The Baba, the prototype mortar, was crude. But with time the weapon has improved.
1591:, which allows light (60 mm (2.4 in)) and medium (81 mm (3.2 in)/82 mm (3.2 in)) mortars to be considered light weapons; i.e. capable of transport by personnel without vehicle assistance.
2359:
741:
were widely used on the coast to launch lines to ships in distress, and interest in their use as a weapon was not revived until the beginning of the 20th century. Mortars were heavily used by both sides during the
1355:
1701:" ((36 in (910 mm)) developed in the United States for use in World War II. Although the latter two had a calibre of 36 in (910 mm), only the "Monster Mortar" was used in combat (at the
754:
reported making mortars "by taking logs of the toughest wood that could be found, boring them out for 6 or 12 lb (2.7 or 5.4 kg) shells and binding them with strong iron bands. These answered as
1728:
1339:, whose ammunition had a sub-calibre expandable ring that enlarged when fired. This allows the projectile to slide down the barrel freely but grip the rifling when fired. The system resembles the
1097:
tube. This traps the gases from the propelling charge and hence the sound of the firing. After World War II the
Belgium Fly-K silent spigot mortar was accepted into French service as the TN-8111.
804:, where heavy artillery had been unable to destroy defensive structures like barbed wire and bunkers. Consequently they developed a short-barrelled rifled muzzle-loading mortar called the
2385:
2525:
1044:. However, they do have a niche in, for example, providing a multi-role anti-personnel, anti-armour capability in light mobile formations. Such systems, like the Soviet 120 mm
2692:
1732:
2249:
1729:
2296:
1093:
projectile weight disadvantage is not significant. However, the weight of a large quantity of the heavier and more complex spigot projectiles offsets the weight saved.
2555:
1594:
Mortars are short-range weapons and often more effective than long range artillery for many purposes within their shorter range. In particular, because of its high,
2717:
1112:
Spigot mortars generally fell out of favour after World War II and were replaced by smaller conventional mortars. Military applications of spigot mortars include:
1567:
659:, were large and heavy and could not be easily transported. Simply made, these weapons were no more than iron bowls reminiscent of the kitchen and apothecary
1203:
1731:
1299:
1076:, onto which a hollow tube in the projectile fits—inverting the normal tube-mortar arrangement. At the top of the tube in the projectile, a cavity contains
581:
Mortars have been used for hundreds of years. The earliest reported use of mortars was in Korea in a 1413 naval battle when Korean gunsmiths developed the
2015:
898:; this design was widely copied with and without license. These weapons were the prototypes for all subsequent light mortar developments around the world.
640:
high". The time of flight of these was apparently long enough that casualties could be avoided by posting observers to give warning of their trajectories.
1161:
dogs for bird hunting. Simple launchers use a separate small primer cap as the sole propellant (similar or identical to the cartridges used in industrial
869:
The Stokes mortar was a simple muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smoothbore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight
205:
200:
2171:
1157:
Non-military applications include the use of small-calibre spigot mortars to launch lightweight, low-velocity foam dummy targets used for training
1084:. There is usually a trigger mechanism built into the base of the spigot, with a long firing pin running up the length of the spigot activating a
185:
1674:, with a 15.5 in (390 mm) barrel diameter and firing a 220 lb (100 kg) hollow ball filled with gunpowder and used during the
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1488:
190:
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2622:
2702:
2393:
2204:
2132:
1988:
1963:
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1613:
2533:
1730:
1271:
Most modern mortar systems consist of four main components: a barrel, a base plate, a bipod and a sight. Modern mortars normally range in
1224:
are known as "Pasilan 2000", also known as a "rocket mortar" or "Arti-mortar" like the 122 mm (4.8 in) cannon, successor to the
2730:
2138:
2210:
144:
195:
1182:
filled with explosives and shrapnel, or any other type of improvised explosive, incendiary or chemical munitions. These were called "
2585:
1938:
1924:
1187:
509:
119:
2255:
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no barrel in the conventional sense, which means ammunition of almost any weight and diameter can be fired from the same mortar.
53:
2288:
1715:
718:
2078:
2039:
950:
57:
100:
72:
1804:
2559:
2563:
859:
814:, they were made in three sizes: 7.58 cm (2.98 in), 17 cm (6.7 in), and 25 cm (9.8 in).
797:
846:
in 1915 during the First World War that the modern mortar transportable by one person was born. In the conditions of
79:
2751:
2499:
1930:
1017:
997:
230:
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with a near vertical descent, the mortar can land bombs on nearby targets, including those behind obstacles or in
132:
46:
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1756:
1500:
1492:
1041:
957:
942:
326:
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are vehicles which carry a mortar as a primary weapon. Numerous vehicles have been used to mount mortars, from
629:
461:
86:
1702:
1475:
700:
411:
2616:
2009:
1208:. Observers have noted that they are "wildly inaccurate" and responsible for hundreds of civilian deaths.
978:
self-propelled 240 mm (9.4 in) heavy mortar which is one of the largest mortars in current use.
621:
361:
68:
2332:
1775:
1686:
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969:
923:
855:
771:
502:
2159:
651:, September 1687. The trajectory of the shell that hit the Parthenon, causing its explosion, is marked.
1499:. Based on Orbital ATK's Precision Guidance Kit for 155 mm artillery projectiles, XM395 combines
2422:
1750:
1671:
1595:
1512:
1480:
1217:
801:
704:
625:
406:
225:
1483:, holding a XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition prototype at Fort Benning, Georgia, February 2006
2655:
2629:
2231:
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934:
882:
648:
2111:
War Dept. Technical Manual TM9-2005, Volume 3, Ordnance
Materiel – General, Page 17, December 1942
1511:
is a
Swedish endphase-guided projectile fired from a 120 mm mortar currently manufactured by
1100:
166:
1634:
1508:
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1312:
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851:
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136:
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918:
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2128:
2122:
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1984:
1959:
1934:
1927:. Volume 5. Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Part 7. Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic
1839:
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316:
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1199:
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684:
590:
495:
446:
321:
283:
218:
2360:
Slough observer:Suspected Second World War mortar exploded in
Windsor today, 3 October 2014
1579:
Modern mortars and their ammunition are generally much smaller and lighter than long range
93:
1345:
1138:
696:
692:
431:
416:
396:
2593:
986:
827:
2495:
2251:
Fly-K mortar systems – excellent stealth capabilities and tremendous tactical potential
1919:
1682:
1622:
1183:
1132:
1117:
1085:
964:
that can be equipped with a mortar, either outside or inside of the cabin. The
Israeli
930:
874:
866:, where artillery shells, because of their low angle of flight, could not possibly go.
847:
843:
831:
767:
734:
712:
550:
456:
253:
1709:
was a 60 cm (24 in) mortar and the largest to see combat in modern warfare.
1327:, and training rounds. Mortar bombs are often referred to, incorrectly, as "mortars".
2740:
2004:
1706:
1694:
1626:
1599:
1572:
1340:
1033:
1009:
946:
911:
839:
775:
633:
554:
356:
301:
273:
2712:
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placed upon them by rifling or greater pressures, and can therefore carry a higher
1239:
1221:
738:
637:
602:
558:
527:
466:
426:
376:
258:
235:
2318:
1956:
Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the
Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire
2008:
778:
from closed firing positions in the field; and with the collaboration of
General
759:, and shells were successfully thrown from them into the trenches of the enemy".
663:
whence they drew their name. An early transportable mortar was invented by Baron
2292:
1639:
1638:
soft ground, because the recoil pushes them into the ground or snow unevenly. A
1607:
1544:
1311:
them in much the same way as a rifle bullet. Both types of rounds can be either
1053:
1005:
990:
974:
811:
806:
676:
441:
391:
386:
351:
35:
17:
2707:
2082:
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1768:
1548:
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1077:
1064:
1001:
938:
886:
610:
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534:
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471:
381:
311:
1127:
used by Japan in World War II to some psychological effect in the battles of
1584:
1580:
1556:
1520:
a special sustainer motor increases the range to 7.5 km (4.7 mi).
1263:
1234:
1158:
1021:
708:
688:
675:
mortar gained quick popularity, necessitating a new form of naval ship, the
371:
331:
306:
140:
1739:
World War II US Army movie footage of the 914 mm "Little David" mortar
2445:"Picatinny fields first precision-guided mortars to troops in Afghanistan"
1255:
1004:. They are usually mounted on an armoured vehicle and are capable of both
1588:
1516:
1515:. STRIX is fired like a conventional mortar round. The round contains an
1316:
1162:
1128:
1045:
1037:
1025:
968:
tank uses a 60 mm (2.4 in) mortar as a secondary armament. The
873:
mount. When a mortar bomb was dropped into the tube, an impact sensitive
481:
401:
346:
27:
Artillery weapon that launches explosive projectiles at a range of angles
1108:
launcher on display. Note the exposed spigot on the lower left launcher.
2529:
1761:
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1524:
1282:
1272:
1081:
965:
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451:
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278:
268:
2019:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 40.
2444:
1897:
1646:
1630:
1603:
863:
707:. High angle trajectory mortars held a great advantage over standard
542:
530:
158:
1602:, such as light vehicles behind hills or structures, or infantry in
2032:
The Fortress in the Age of Vauban and Frederick the Great 1660–1789
1048:, are mostly self-propelled (although a towed variant exists). The
2289:"Syrian rebel "hell cannons" kill 300 civilians: monitoring group"
1612:
1566:
1552:
1540:
1474:
1364:
1350:
1298:
1262:
1254:
1172:
1099:
1063:
985:
917:
905:
870:
826:
784:
717:
680:
642:
617:
562:
546:
131:
1142:
1049:
906:
679:. Mortars played a significant role in the Venetian conquest of
1040:
and inferior anti-tank capability compared to modern anti-tank
996:
Gun-mortars are breech-loaded mortars usually equipped with a
561:
with a variety of ammunition. Historically mortars were heavy
29:
1504:
a nose and tail subsystem containing the maneuvering parts.
1177:
Improvised mortars in Batey ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel
926:
M113 mortar carrier showing the placement of an 81 mm mortar
585:(gourd-shaped mortar) (완구, 碗口). The earliest version of the
165:
691:
was blown up. An early use of these more mobile mortars as
667:
in 1701. This mortar fired an exploding shell, which had a
1267:
Looking down an L16 mortar barrel. Note: fixed firing pin.
733:
The mortar had fallen out of general use in Europe by the
2649:"Field Manual 3-22.91 – Mortar Fire Direction Procedures"
1645:
Fin-stabilised mortar bombs do not have to withstand the
862:, as a mortar round could be aimed to fall directly into
2386:"Alliant Techsystems Takes Army Mortar Contract (Again)"
1116:
The 230 mm (9.1 in) petard mortar used on the
725:
13-inch mortar "Dictator" was a rail-mounted gun of the
2628:. Department of the Army. December 2007. Archived from
2362:. Example of use of the word "mortar" for a mortar bomb
881:
A modified version of the mortar, which fired a modern
782:, he designed the first mortar that fired navy shells.
2654:. Department of the Army. 17 July 2008. Archived from
1036:
role, but have a reduced range compared to modern gun-
597:(1325–1395), is generally credited with inventing the
541:) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the
526:
today is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable,
2693:
Mallet's Mortar, the largest British mortar ever made
1681:
The largest mortars ever developed were the Belgian "
1259:
L16 mortar consisting of barrel, base plate and bipod
2556:""MALAKHIT" AUTOMATED ARTILLERY FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM"
1303:
Mortar round with propellant rings about to be fired
1145:
anti-tank launchers used by Britain in World War II.
2232:"A Second Wind For The Lightweight Infantry Mortar"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1072:A spigot mortar consists mainly of a solid rod or
699:) was by British forces in the suppression of the
2162:Brandt mle 27 (Mortier Brandt de 81 mm modele 27)
1772:, a mortar used to test the strength of gunpowder
1543:-guided mortar munition, which was developed by
1331:of the barrel. Exceptions to this were the U.S.
636:used seven mortars that fired "stone shots one
1836:Siege Weapons of the Far East (2): AD 960–1644
671:that was lit by the hot gases when fired. The
647:Engraving depicting the Venetian siege of the
2270:"Tank Hurls Flying Dust Bins and Lays Tracks"
1489:XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition (PGMM)
1198:Improvised mortars used by insurgents in the
609:recorded the use of a mini cannon called the
503:
8:
2727:-era German 60 cm self-propelled mortar
2698:Defense Update: Modern mobile 120 mm mortars
2526:"Israeli army tests GPS-guided mortar shell"
2276:, Hearst Magazines, p. 7, December 1944
2127:. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 202.
2124:The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
1983:. Princeton University Press. p. 140.
632:by Giovanni da Tagliacozzo states that the
569:(technically called bombs) in high-arching
143:mortar (round visible in smoke) during the
2373:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Ammunition
1958:. Cambridge University Press. p. 68.
1764:a lightweight mortar, sometimes improvised
1685:" (24 in (610 mm)) developed by
510:
496:
149:
2703:Defense Update: Advanced mortar munitions
1811:. Oxford University Press. Archived from
1721:Roaring Meg on display at Goodrich Castle
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2347:"Dossier on LTTE Weapons – PDF document"
2034:(2017 ed.). Routledge. p. 65.
1693:(36 in (910 mm)) developed by
1370:
1188:Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA)
834:with example of his WWI mortar and bombs
683:, and in the course of this campaign an
2496:"GMM 120–120 mm Guided Mortar Munition"
1796:
1753:, used in mortars before the modern age
1711:
1125:320 mm (13 in) Type 98 mortar
157:
2680:. Department of the Army. 1 March 2000
2299:from the original on December 16, 2014
2057:, by Sam Grant, Kindle location 12783,
2675:"Field Manual 23-91 – Mortar Gunnery"
2199:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 42–43.
1664:list of the largest cannon by caliber
7:
2174:from the original on 1 December 2017
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2287:Oliver Holmes (December 12, 2014).
2055:Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S Grant
1575:during the "Armiya 2020" exhibition
1547:. Another Israeli guided mortar is
206:Siege artillery in the US Civil War
201:Field artillery in the US Civil War
2010:"Coehoorn, Menno, Baron van"
1705:in 1832). The World War II German
1153:would be struck one or more times.
259:Cannons of Maritime Southeast Asia
196:Naval artillery in the Age of Sail
25:
2506:from the original on 7 April 2014
2443:Calloway, Audra (29 March 2011).
1981:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
1925:Science and Civilisation in China
1838:. Osprey Publishing. p. 13.
1479:Soldiers standing in front of an
1068:A Blacker Bombard during training
1000:, and sometimes equipped with an
914:heavy siege mortar in August 1944
2623:"Field Manual 3-22.90 – Mortars"
2617:A Guide to Modern Mortar Systems
2467:"XM395: 120 mm Precision Mortar"
2455:from the original on 2016-12-30.
2415:"XM395 Precision Mortar (120mm)"
2196:Infantry Mortars of World War II
1726:
1714:
1563:Compared to long range artillery
1372:Data for 81 mm L16 mortar
613:that was similar to the mortar.
553:. Mortars are typically used as
34:
2708:How does a mortar work? – video
2333:"Pasilan 2000 used by the LTTE"
2213:from the original on 2015-03-20
2141:from the original on 2015-03-20
2079:"Stokes Mortar - by WL Ruffell"
1571:Self-propelled mortar based on
1216:Improvised mortars used in the
45:needs additional citations for
1276:of the barrel it hits a fixed
951:M113 armored personnel carrier
1:
2392:. Dec 7, 2004. Archived from
1662:For the largest mortars, see
186:Artillery in the Song dynasty
2560:KBP Instrument Design Bureau
1809:Oxford Dictionary of English
1617:Mortar trajectory comparison
991:2B9 Vasilek 82 mm gun mortar
711:in the rough terrain of the
628:. An Italian account of the
622:1453 siege of Constantinople
537:(although some models use a
191:Artillery in the Middle Ages
2030:Duffy, Christopher (1985).
1120:by Britain in World War II.
655:Early mortars, such as the
565:. Mortars launch explosive
2768:
2713:Mortars during World War I
2500:Israel Military Industries
1931:Cambridge University Press
1661:
1545:Israel Military Industries
1529:Guided Mortar Munition 120
1495:mortar round developed by
1464:1,700–4,680 (1,860–5,120)
1453:1,340–3,850 (1,470–4,210)
1442:1,070–3,080 (1,170–3,370)
1363:L16 81 mm mortar fired by
1319:or visible illumination),
998:hydraulic recoil mechanism
958:armoured fighting vehicles
945:, such as variants of the
943:infantry fighting vehicles
935:improvised civilian trucks
774:applied the principles of
231:List of cannon projectiles
1834:Stephen Turnbull (2002).
1757:Chemical mortar battalion
1030:rocket-propelled grenades
1012:. The archetypes are the
894:, further refined as the
327:Breech-loading swivel gun
2067:naval-military-press.com
1781:List of infantry mortars
1642:addresses this problem.
1629:directly into the enemy
593:(1380–1443), the son of
462:Self-propelled artillery
2016:Encyclopædia Britannica
1979:Franz Babinger (1992).
1559:is also laser-guided.
1032:in the anti-armour and
701:Jacobite rising of 1719
412:Large-calibre artillery
2590:Guinness World Records
2390:Defense Industry Daily
1954:Gábor Ágoston (2005).
1618:
1576:
1535:; also referred to as
1484:
1431:780–2,265 (853–2,477)
1420:580–1,710 (630–1,870)
1409:390–1,120 (430–1,220)
1368:
1304:
1268:
1260:
1178:
1109:
1069:
993:
927:
915:
835:
810:. Heavily used during
793:
730:
652:
630:1456 siege of Belgrade
571:ballistic trajectories
362:Double-barreled cannon
170:
147:
2121:Chris Bishop (2002).
1776:List of heavy mortars
1687:Henri-Joseph Paixhans
1616:
1570:
1478:
1362:
1302:
1266:
1258:
1176:
1103:
1067:
989:
924:Israeli Defence Force
921:
909:
856:Minister of Munitions
838:It was not until the
830:
788:
772:Imperial Russian Army
766:, Lieutenant General
721:
646:
545:) with a lightweight
169:
135:
2193:John Norris (2002).
1751:Carcass (projectile)
1596:parabolic trajectory
1513:Saab Bofors Dynamics
1481:M1064 mortar carrier
1218:Sri Lankan civil war
1212:Sri Lankan civil war
802:Siege of Port Arthur
705:Battle of Glen Shiel
626:Mehmed the Conqueror
589:dates back to 1407.
407:Infantry support gun
69:"Mortar" weapon
54:improve this article
2661:on 17 February 2013
2635:on 17 February 2013
2474:ATK Advanced Weapon
2168:Militaryfactory.com
1805:"mortar definition"
1497:Alliant Techsystems
1373:
956:There are numerous
842:was devised by Sir
649:Acropolis of Athens
153:Part of a series on
139:soldiers firing an
2566:on 2 November 2019
2236:thinkdefence.co.uk
1900:on 1 December 2017
1870:on 10 October 2017
1864:Culturecontent.com
1815:on October 9, 2019
1697:in 1857, and the "
1625:, mortars can use
1619:
1577:
1539:) is a GPS and/or
1509:Strix mortar round
1485:
1398:180–520 (200–570)
1371:
1369:
1333:M2 4.2-inch mortar
1305:
1269:
1261:
1179:
1110:
1070:
994:
928:
916:
852:David Lloyd George
836:
794:
764:Russo-Japanese War
748:Siege of Vicksburg
744:American Civil War
731:
727:American Civil War
665:Menno van Coehoorn
653:
557:weapons for close
533:, consisting of a
171:
148:
145:War in Afghanistan
137:United States Army
2752:Korean inventions
2274:Popular Mechanics
2206:978-1-84176-414-6
2134:978-1-58663-762-0
1990:978-0-691-01078-6
1965:978-0-521-84313-3
1845:978-1-841-76340-8
1734:
1703:Battle of Antwerp
1676:English Civil War
1647:rotational forces
1635:forward observers
1491:is a 120 mm
1468:
1467:
1360:
1287:trigger mechanism
1014:Brandt Mle CM60A1
962:main battle tanks
910:The German 60 cm
780:Roman Kondratenko
657:Pumhart von Steyr
616:The first use in
520:
519:
337:Coastal artillery
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2759:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2592:. Archived from
2586:"Largest Mortar"
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2562:. Archived from
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2532:. Archived from
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2421:. Archived from
2419:Northrop Grumman
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2254:, archived from
2246:
2240:
2239:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2164:Infantry Mortar"
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2081:. Archived from
2075:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2012:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1896:. Archived from
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:. Archived from
1856:
1850:
1849:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1801:
1786:Livens Projector
1736:
1735:
1718:
1471:Precision guided
1380:Muzzle Velocity
1374:
1361:
1346:81 mm L16 mortar
1200:Syrian civil war
1194:Syrian civil war
752:Ulysses S. Grant
685:ammunition depot
512:
505:
498:
447:Recoilless rifle
279:Majapahit cannon
150:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:Mortar (weapons)
2767:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2737:
2736:
2733:(streaming wmv)
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2238:, July 19, 2021
2230:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2207:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2135:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1933:. p. 313.
1920:Needham, Joseph
1918:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1747:
1740:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1691:Mallet's Mortar
1667:
1660:
1658:Largest mortars
1565:
1551:, developed by
1473:
1386:
1381:
1351:
1295:
1253:
1248:
1214:
1196:
1184:barrack busters
1171:
1139:Blacker Bombard
1062:
1018:Brandt 60 mm LR
984:
931:Mortar carriers
922:Interior of an
904:
825:
820:
697:siege artillery
693:field artillery
579:
563:siege artillery
516:
487:
486:
432:Naval artillery
397:Helical railgun
297:
289:
288:
269:Filipino cannon
264:Japanese cannon
249:
241:
240:
221:
211:
210:
181:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2671:
2645:
2619:
2612:
2611:External links
2609:
2607:
2606:
2577:
2547:
2517:
2487:
2458:
2435:
2406:
2377:
2371:Hogg, Ian V.:
2364:
2352:
2338:
2324:
2310:
2279:
2261:
2241:
2223:
2205:
2185:
2151:
2133:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2070:
2059:
2047:
2040:
2022:
2007:, ed. (1911).
2005:Chisholm, Hugh
1996:
1989:
1971:
1964:
1946:
1939:
1911:
1881:
1851:
1844:
1826:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1683:Monster Mortar
1659:
1656:
1623:trench warfare
1600:fortifications
1564:
1561:
1555:. The Russian
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1325:high explosive
1294:
1291:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1213:
1210:
1195:
1192:
1170:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1135:
1121:
1118:Churchill AVRE
1061:
1058:
1042:guided weapons
1034:bunker-busting
983:
980:
941:, to modified
903:
902:Mortar carrier
900:
890:mortar as the
883:fin-stabilised
854:(at that time
848:trench warfare
844:Wilfred Stokes
832:Wilfred Stokes
824:
821:
819:
816:
789:German 7.5 cm
768:Leonid Gobyato
735:Napoleonic era
713:West Highlands
578:
575:
518:
517:
515:
514:
507:
500:
492:
489:
488:
485:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
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439:
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429:
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409:
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399:
394:
389:
384:
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369:
364:
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334:
329:
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314:
309:
304:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
254:English cannon
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
228:
226:Breech-loading
222:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
182:
177:
176:
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172:
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155:
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128:
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42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2764:
2753:
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2745:
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2726:
2722:
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2716:
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2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2676:
2672:
2657:
2650:
2646:
2631:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2596:on 2006-02-10
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2536:on 2014-04-07
2535:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2425:on 2017-09-10
2424:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2396:on 2006-03-18
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2258:on 2023-03-14
2257:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2186:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2152:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2085:on 2015-01-15
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1940:9780521303583
1936:
1932:
1929:. Cambridge:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1894:Data.kdata.kr
1891:
1885:
1882:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1827:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:Robert Mallet
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1627:plunging fire
1624:
1615:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1366:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:by the rebel
1219:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:are known as
1201:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1060:Spigot mortar
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:indirect fire
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
988:
981:
979:
977:
976:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
947:M3 half-track
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
920:
913:
908:
901:
899:
897:
896:Brandt Mle 31
893:
892:Brandt Mle 27
888:
884:
879:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
860:Western Front
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:Stokes mortar
833:
829:
823:Stokes mortar
822:
817:
815:
813:
809:
808:
803:
799:
792:
787:
783:
781:
777:
776:indirect fire
773:
769:
765:
760:
758:
753:
749:
745:
740:
739:Manby Mortars
736:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:of Scotland.
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
695:(rather than
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
650:
645:
641:
639:
635:
634:Ottoman Turks
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:siege warfare
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
591:Ch'oe Hae-san
588:
584:
576:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:indirect fire
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:rifled barrel
536:
532:
529:
528:muzzle-loaded
525:
513:
508:
506:
501:
499:
494:
493:
491:
490:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:Demi-culverin
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
302:Anti-tank gun
300:
299:
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284:Mughal cannon
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274:Korean cannon
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
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2719:
2682:. Retrieved
2663:. Retrieved
2656:the original
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2598:. Retrieved
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1898:the original
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1813:the original
1808:
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1699:Little David
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1608:spider holes
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1313:illumination
1306:
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1240:Eelam War IV
1231:
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1222:Tamil Tigers
1215:
1205:hell cannons
1204:
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1111:
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970:Russian army
955:
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885:streamlined
880:
878:projectile.
868:
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800:studied the
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654:
638:Italian mile
615:
603:Ming dynasty
598:
595:Ch'oe Mu-sŏn
586:
582:
580:
559:fire support
549:mount and a
523:
521:
467:Siege cannon
427:Mountain gun
421:
377:Gun-howitzer
116:
107:
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83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2720:Karl Morser
2480:21 February
2293:Yahoo! News
2291:. Reuters.
2178:19 November
1904:19 November
1874:19 November
1672:Roaring Meg
1640:Raschen bag
1531:; known as
1382:m/s (ft/s)
1226:Baba mortar
1054:2B9 Vasilek
1006:direct fire
982:Gun-mortars
975:2S4 Tyulpan
812:World War I
807:Minenwerfer
798:German Army
791:Minenwerfer
762:During the
737:, although
677:bomb vessel
620:was at the
535:smooth-bore
442:Railway gun
392:Hand mortar
387:Hand cannon
352:Demi-cannon
110:August 2023
2741:Categories
2600:2006-04-04
2429:2018-06-11
2400:2018-06-11
2217:2016-03-27
2145:2016-03-27
2089:2014-07-17
2041:1138924644
1819:10 October
1792:References
1769:Eprouvette
1707:Karl-Gerät
1585:field guns
1583:, such as
1549:Iron Sting
1461:250 (820)
1450:224 (730)
1439:195 (640)
1428:162 (530)
1417:137 (450)
1406:110 (360)
1344:e.g., the
1341:Minié ball
1337:M30 mortar
1308:Ammunition
1293:Ammunition
1278:firing pin
1169:Improvised
1080:, such as
1078:propellant
1002:autoloader
939:insurgents
912:Karl-Gerät
887:projectile
750:, General
709:field guns
611:hu dun pao
607:Qi Jiguang
605:, general
477:Swivel gun
472:Smoothbore
452:Rifled gun
382:Gun-mortar
312:Autocannon
248:By country
80:newspapers
2684:7 January
2665:7 January
2639:7 January
2319:"Forign1"
1689:in 1832,
1678:in 1646.
1589:howitzers
1581:artillery
1557:KM-8 Gran
1458:Charge 6
1447:Charge 5
1436:Charge 4
1425:Charge 3
1414:Charge 2
1403:Charge 1
1395:73 (240)
1235:artillery
1186:" by the
1163:nail guns
1159:retriever
1038:howitzers
1022:2S31 Vena
972:uses the
960:and even
746:. At the
689:Parthenon
601:. In the
372:Field gun
332:Carronade
307:Artillery
219:Operation
2504:Archived
2453:Archived
2449:Army.mil
2375:, p. 126
2297:Archived
2211:Archived
2172:Archived
2139:Archived
1922:(1987).
1745:See also
1631:trenches
1604:trenches
1517:infrared
1392:Primary
1367:soldiers
1317:infrared
1150:Hedgehog
1129:Iwo Jima
1106:hedgehog
1046:2S9 Nona
1026:2S9 Nona
937:used by
864:trenches
757:Coehorns
482:Tank gun
402:Howitzer
367:Falconet
347:Culverin
317:Basilisk
2747:Mortars
2540:6 April
2530:i24news
2510:6 April
2102:Ruffell
1762:Coehorn
1651:payload
1525:GMM 120
1387:m (yd)
1377:Charge
1283:lanyard
1273:calibre
1133:Okinawa
1082:cordite
966:Merkava
770:of the
723:US Army
703:at the
687:in the
673:Coehorn
661:mortars
577:History
437:Railgun
342:Coilgun
322:Bombard
296:By type
179:History
159:Cannons
94:scholar
2203:
2131:
2038:
1987:
1962:
1937:
1860:"Toys"
1842:
1573:K-4386
1533:Patzmi
1493:guided
1385:Range
1251:Design
1246:Modern
1086:primer
1074:spigot
875:primer
599:wan'gu
587:wan'gu
583:wan'gu
567:shells
543:recoil
531:cannon
524:mortar
422:Mortar
417:Minion
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2731:Video
2725:WW II
2678:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
2652:(PDF)
2633:(PDF)
2626:(PDF)
2570:8 May
2476:. ATK
2470:(PDF)
1890:"대완구"
1553:Elbit
1541:laser
1537:Morty
1365:JGSDF
1321:smoke
871:bipod
818:Types
681:Morea
551:sight
547:bipod
457:Saker
101:JSTOR
87:books
2718:The
2686:2013
2667:2013
2641:2013
2572:2020
2542:2014
2512:2014
2482:2012
2305:2014
2201:ISBN
2180:2017
2129:ISBN
2036:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1960:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1906:2017
1876:2017
1840:ISBN
1821:2019
1587:and
1523:The
1507:The
1487:The
1335:and
1242:.
1148:The
1143:PIAT
1141:and
1137:The
1131:and
1123:The
1050:AMOS
1024:and
1016:and
1008:and
949:and
796:The
669:fuse
141:M120
73:news
1621:In
1606:or
1501:GPS
1285:or
1190:.
1165:).
624:by
56:by
2743::
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1348:.
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1315:(
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511:e
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98:·
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