241:
387:. The Fresno Scraper is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil. The design of the Fresno Scraper forms the basis of most modern earthmoving scrapers, having the ability to scrape and move a quantity of soil, and also to discharge it at a controlled depth, thus quadrupling the volume which could be handled manually. The Fresno scraper was invented in 1883 by James Porteous. Working with farmers in Fresno, California, he had recognised the dependence of the Central San Joaquin Valley on irrigation, and the need for a more efficient means of constructing canals and ditches in the sandy soil. In perfecting the design of his machine, Porteous made several revisions on his own and also traded ideas with William Deidrick, Frank Dusy, and Abijah McCall, who invented and held patents on similar scrapers.
356:
428:
439:
376:
36:
489:
144:
133:
410:
graders grow in size and productivity. The first self-propelled grader was made in 1920 by the
Russell Grader Manufacturing Company, which called it the Russell Motor Hi-Way Patrol. These early graders were created by adding the grader blade as an attachment to a generalist tractor unit. After
316:
between the front and rear axles, which allows a smaller turning radius in addition to allowing the operator to adjust the articulation angle to aid in the efficiency of moving material. Other implement functions are typically hydraulically powered and can be directly controlled by
240:
355:
260:. Graders are used to "finish grade", with the angle, tilt (or pitch), and height of their blade capable of being adjusted to a high level of precision.
298:
surfaces for drainage or safety. They may be used to produce drainage ditches with shallow V-shaped cross-sections on either side of highways.
647:
532:
205:
rear axles. Some graders also have front-wheel drives for improved performance. Some graders have optional rear attachments, such as a
119:
711:
57:
716:
736:
419:
tracks with wheels to yield the first rubber-tire self-propelled grader, the
Caterpillar Auto Patrol, released in 1931.
322:
537:
502:
100:
726:
232:). Certain graders can operate multiple attachments, or be designed for specialized tasks like underground mining.
72:
291:
721:
542:
348:
guidance to establish precise grade control and (potentially) "stateless" construction. Manufacturers such as
79:
446:
In addition to their use in road construction, graders may also be used to perform roughly equivalent work.
369:
53:
46:
328:
Graders are also outfitted with modern digital grade control technologies, such as those manufactured by
731:
253:
175:
86:
313:
68:
312:
capable of controlling both the angle and cant of the front wheels. Many models also allow frame
333:
224:
Capacities range from a blade width of 2.50 to 7.30 m (8 to 24 ft) and engines from 93–373
512:
622:
678:
643:
637:
557:
517:
272:
249:
147:
136:
691:
415:
went on to truly integrate the tractor and grader into one design—at the same time replacing
507:
485:
to make dirt tracks where the absence of rocks and trees means bulldozers are not required.
427:
416:
412:
337:
295:
431:
Antique Adams leaning wheel road grader on display outside of Homer Public Works building,
687:
527:
450:
391:
171:
579:
384:
305:
438:
705:
458:
432:
395:
294:
pads to finish grade before the construction of large buildings. Graders can produce
194:
696:
93:
584:
462:
280:
375:
276:
268:
35:
182:, most modern graders are self-propelled and thus technically "motor graders".
673:
482:
349:
229:
221:
and some dirt grading operations, a main blade extension can also be mounted.
466:
264:
257:
214:
210:
206:
17:
309:
301:
218:
488:
403:
179:
470:
454:
407:
329:
288:
202:
198:
352:
have also begun to integrate these technologies during construction.
143:
132:
178:. Although the earliest models were towed behind horses, and later
562:
522:
487:
474:
437:
426:
399:
374:
354:
341:
318:
239:
190:
142:
131:
263:
Graders are commonly used in the construction and maintenance of
567:
552:
547:
478:
284:
186:
368:"Autopatrol" redirects here. For the Knowledge user right, see
345:
29:
189:, with the steering wheels in front, followed by the grading
359:
1910 Ad for an Adams Road
Maintainer from J.A. Adams Company
604:
321:, or by joystick inputs or electronic switches controlling
225:
217:. A blade forward of the front axle may also be added. For
692:
https://books.google.com/books?id=7igDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26
690:
monthly, February 1919, page 26, Scanned by Google Books:
252:"rough grading" is performed by heavy equipment such as
642:(2nd ed.). Motorbooks International. p. 118.
473:, graders are often an essential piece of equipment on
174:
with a long blade used to create a flat surface during
461:, graders are often used in municipal and residential
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
679:photos/videos from different types of grader works
697:http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-road-graders.htm
492:Grader-style vehicle using a sweeper attachment
623:"Motor Grader Technology | John Deere US"
674:Video with technical development from graders
8:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
596:
383:Early graders were drawn by humans and
465:. In scrubland and grassland areas of
340:, or Mikrofyn. These may combine both
283:. Graders are also used to set native
684:A Road-Scraper That Cuts Through Snow
7:
533:LiuGong Construction Machinery, LLC.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
158:, also commonly referred to as a
411:purchasing the company in 1928,
330:Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc.
34:
45:needs additional citations for
1:
323:electrohydraulic servo valves
538:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
503:Case Construction Equipment
390:The era of motorization by
275:, they prepare a wide flat
185:Typical graders have three
753:
367:
543:New Holland Construction
449:In some locales such as
639:The Caterpillar Century
636:Orlemann, Eric (2007).
370:Knowledge:Autopatrolled
271:roads. In constructing
712:Construction equipment
493:
443:
435:
380:
360:
254:wheel tractor-scrapers
245:
193:or mouldboard, then a
151:
140:
491:
442:Motor grader GS-14.02
441:
430:
378:
358:
243:
146:
135:
717:Engineering vehicles
457:, and places in the
54:improve this article
27:Construction machine
737:American inventions
513:Deere & Company
304:is performed via a
494:
444:
436:
381:
361:
334:Trimble Navigation
246:
152:
141:
727:Road construction
649:978-0-7603-2961-0
558:Terex Corporation
518:Galion Iron Works
250:civil engineering
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
744:
661:
660:
658:
656:
633:
627:
626:
619:
613:
612:
601:
508:Caterpillar Inc.
392:traction engines
338:Leica Geosystems
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
752:
751:
747:
746:
745:
743:
742:
741:
722:Heavy equipment
702:
701:
688:Popular Science
670:
665:
664:
654:
652:
650:
635:
634:
630:
621:
620:
616:
603:
602:
598:
593:
576:
528:Komatsu Limited
499:
451:Northern Europe
425:
373:
366:
238:
172:heavy equipment
170:, is a form of
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
750:
748:
740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
704:
703:
700:
699:
694:
681:
676:
669:
668:External links
666:
663:
662:
648:
628:
614:
595:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
582:
580:King road drag
575:
572:
571:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
498:
495:
424:
421:
396:steam tractors
365:
362:
306:steering wheel
279:for the final
244:Grader at work
237:
234:
150:CAT 12G grader
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
749:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
698:
695:
693:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
651:
645:
641:
640:
632:
629:
624:
618:
615:
610:
606:
600:
597:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
573:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
497:Manufacturers
496:
490:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:United States
456:
452:
447:
440:
434:
433:Homer, Alaska
429:
423:Regional uses
422:
420:
418:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
385:draft animals
377:
371:
363:
357:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
242:
235:
233:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
145:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
732:Snow removal
683:
653:. Retrieved
638:
631:
617:
609:mikrofyn.com
608:
599:
585:Land grading
463:snow removal
448:
445:
400:motor trucks
389:
382:
327:
314:articulation
300:
281:road surface
262:
247:
223:
184:
167:
166:, or simply
164:motor grader
163:
159:
155:
153:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:Motor grader
483:plantations
413:Caterpillar
379:1918 grader
277:base course
273:paved roads
219:snowplowing
160:road grader
148:Caterpillar
137:Caterpillar
706:Categories
591:References
350:John Deere
292:foundation
258:bulldozers
139:140 grader
110:March 2012
80:newspapers
467:Australia
406:saw such
228:(125–500
215:compactor
211:scarifier
574:See also
477:, large
404:tractors
310:joystick
302:Steering
236:Function
180:tractors
69:"Grader"
655:7 March
475:ranches
417:crawler
364:History
308:, or a
176:grading
94:scholar
646:
605:"Home"
481:, and
471:Africa
455:Canada
402:, and
319:levers
296:canted
289:gravel
269:gravel
207:ripper
203:tandem
199:engine
156:grader
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
563:Volvo
523:HEPCO
479:farms
408:towed
342:laser
213:, or
201:atop
191:blade
187:axles
168:blade
101:JSTOR
87:books
657:2012
644:ISBN
568:XCMG
553:SDLG
548:Sany
469:and
344:and
285:soil
267:and
265:dirt
256:and
197:and
73:news
346:GPS
287:or
248:In
195:cab
162:,
56:by
708::
686:,
607:.
453:,
398:,
394:,
336:,
332:,
325:.
230:hp
226:kW
209:,
154:A
659:.
625:.
611:.
372:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.