Mount Crosby Pumping Station

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haulage winch shifted to the north on the west bank. The design of the weir allowed floodwaters to flow through concrete pillars and, theoretically, spare the overbridge from damage. Plans were approved in 1921 and the work was completed in 1925. In February 1927, major flooding damaged the new weir and all but destroyed the 1899 bridge, with one report saying "the main course of the Brisbane River has been altered by a huge washaway that carried away in the flood many thousands of tons of earth, tearing a chasm 50 yards wide and 20 feet deep at the end of the composite weir and bridge, and leaving the railway swinging in the air like a clothesline". The floodwaters gouged out a large section of the west bank leaving a 76m section of tramline swinging in the air. The cost to repair the damage was considerable as the weir and overbridge required further extension and stronger footings at the west bank. This was completed in 1928.

479:. By December 1891, the three engineers' residences had been completed, with the chief engineer's house located on the rise at the northern side of Stumers Road (chief engineers' house was demolished in the 1970s). The other two engineer's houses were built higher up on the ridge of the hill and on the southern side of Stumers Road. One year later the remainder of the housing had been completed. Situated down the hill from the two engineers' houses, were the four fireman's duplexes, also on the south side of Stumers Road. Unusually for the time, the duplexes were not placed uniformly, facing a road, or within a grid layout, instead they followed the contours of the hill, each with a different outlook toward the pumping station or out to the high-level reservoir. The drayman's cottage, located closest to the pumping station and on the southern side of Stumers Road, was also complete by this time. In November 1892, 583:

was powered by a steam engine installed on the west bank and situated slightly further downstream from the weighbridge; the loading station was located here as well. Operational by 1915, the ropeway hauled substantial iron bins to and from the treatment plant's base, with an interim stop at the low-level reservoir. The bins were filled with gravel needed for concrete making, sand for the filtration systems and many other necessary materials, "with the delivery of the materials for a ropeway tramway passing over the hills switchback fashion, and connecting Holt's hill with the gravel pits, a system which would accelerate construction work at the purification works". The ropes were suspended by timber trestles (up to 11.5m high) or steel trestles (up to 27m high), depending on the height required. The aerial ropeway was used until 1931, when the east bank trestle was damaged by a flood.

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six months following the start of operations. The installation of the pumping equipment did not go as smoothly as hoped. Excessive vibrations threatened to damage both the equipment and the pump house. Initially the vibrations were thought to be caused by the machinery itself, but turned out to be caused by the way the machinery had been attached to the engine house walls. Problems with the casting in one of the wells also caused damage to one of the pumps. After initial issues were quickly rectified, in June 1893 it was reported that "those dependent on the water supply at Brisbane will be glad to know that the machinery at Mount Crosby is at length working smoothly, and that a constant and reliable stream of good water is now flowing into the city from that source".

1024: 458:, approximately 2.5km south of the pumping station. In 1893 this bridge became a casualty of the flood. The coal then had to be transported across the river in punts, a costly and inefficient venture. In December 1893 the Board of Waterworks accepted a tender from Chamberlain and Wylie for the construction of a new bridge to be built over the river at the actual station. The bridge was completed in 1894. Two years later, it was washed away by a flood, but rebuilt in 1897, only to be washed away again the following year. In 1899 a third bridge had been completed, which was thought to be flood-proof. Drays continued to deliver the coal to the station across this bridge and it was estimated that between 3000 and 5000 tonnes were taken to the station per year. 564:

hours". The accepted tender (albeit the sole tender) was Victorian company, Thompson and Co., with a total cost of £107, 641 for equipment and installation. Three vertical steam engines were to replace the older three. Three wells (the original Wells C, D, and E) were converted into dry wells and widened to accommodate the new engines, reshaping them from circular to oval. One of the original wells (originally Well B) was converted into a lift well and retained. With the expansion of the wells, the engine house required extension northwards and eastwards resulting in a larger floorplate. A new 15 tonne hand-operated travelling crane was installed to service the expanded building and electric lighting was also installed in the engine house at this time.

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house, 7.3m above the ground floor (later removed). All the steam-powered pumping equipment was removed in stages and replaced with more efficient, electricity-driven equipment. The boilers were also removed at this time. New pumping equipment was installed, each with the capacity to hold two pumps, rather than only one steam-driven pump, as was the case prior to electrification. Each pump was capable of pumping 49 million litres of water each day. With well G also in operation, the pumping station had the capacity to pump 365 million litres per day. The plant was fully electrified by 1951 at a cost of £287,000, with the Queensland Government contributing £57,400 and Brisbane City Council covering the remainder.

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engineers and bacteriologists, it was recommended that a plant be constructed to purify the water before its distribution. In 1910, the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board replaced the Board of Waterworks and approved the construction of a water treatment plant on Mount Crosby. Works included the construction of two separate plants - the low-level treatment works, situated below the original 1890s high-level reservoir, and the Holt's Hill filtration plant, at a higher elevation. The high-level reservoir was then used to hold water to be used as wash-water for cleaning the filtration plant's sedimentation basins. This work had been completed by 1918.

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each with a diameter of 2.4m. Within three of these wells (A, B, and C) the pumping equipment was held, with Wells D and E remaining vacant for future expansion. The pumps were "vertical, compound, tandem, direct-acting, condensing machines", and were believed to take up less floor space than other types, as the machinery was designed to work in a vertical fashion, deep into the ground and high above it in the engine house. To service the equipment within the engine house, a hand-operated traveling crane was installed, running above the wells at a high level on parallel iron rails.

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could not officially be termed a railway line. On the west bank of the river, a 30-tonne capacity weighbridge and small cabin was constructed at the rise of the steep embankment. While initial intention was for the locomotives to deliver the coal directly to the pumping station, the steep embankments on both sides of the river prevented this. As an alternative, electric winches were installed on each side of the river to haul the wagons across the bridge to the station. The tramway was continuously used until 1945 when trucks replaced it.

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demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type through its: waterside location; weirs (1902–1918 and 1926–1928) and water intake (1926); pumping station (1892–1949); associated waterworks resources supply infrastructure, including coal tram cabin and weighbridge (1913), tracks (1913 and 1926–1928), and remnant tramway embankments, cuttings, and aerial ropeway loading station (1915); and, at isolated sites of the type, waterworks-provided worker's houses (1891–1892) and social facilities (Community Hall, 1919).

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boiler house. The design of the boiler house provided space for 13 boilers, although only 8 were installed. When working, the coal-fired boilers produced the steam that powered the pumping machines within the engine house. Water, drawn from the river at an intake constructed below the station, was forced through a pipeline up the steep incline to the reservoir, initially known as the high-level reservoir, where the water was gravity fed down a series of pipelines to Brisbane.

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re-erected on the southern hill above the station. The 15 tonne crane in the engine house was relocated to this building. Since the 1970s, few alterations to the station's fabric have been made. In 2019, Mount Crosby pumping station continues to provide Brisbane and its surrounds with clean and safe water. The Mount Crosby community plays a continuing role in the promotion of their history, with an active historical society and participation in annual events such as

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Working: Organising workers and workplaces; Moving goods, people and information: Using rail; Moving goods, people and information: Using motor vehicles; Building settlements, towns, cities and dwellings: Establishing settlements and towns; Building settlements, towns, cities and dwellings: Developing urban services and amenities; Building settlements, towns, cities and dwellings: Dwellings; Creating social and cultural institutions: Sport and recreation

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entrance to the engine house at the time of his death commemorating Stewart's service at Mount Crosby. At the commencement of the work, Queensland was experiencing high levels of unemployment and it was estimated that more than 80 men were to be employed in the waterworks' construction. As initial work progressed well, in April 1891 the ceremony of laying the foundation stone was attended by numerous dignitaries, including the Colonial Secretary, Hon.

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station has provided generations of workers with employment and accommodation in the adjacent worker's houses, reflecting the importance of providing accommodation to company workers in remote locations in the late 19th century. The prominent waterworks operation, incorporating daily life as place of employment, residence, and recreation, and the relatively remote location, fostered a close-knit and social community of workers and their families.

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the pumping station, the engine room contained a row of water pumps set above the deep wells, initially powered by coal-fired boilers housed in the adjacent boiler house, and subsequently expanded and upgraded, including phased electrification (1938–1951). A dedicated workforce to maintain and operate the Pumping station resided on elevated "Works Hill" to the east, with access to the pumping station via a private road.

1270: 3519: 435: 715:, the Mount Crosby fish ladder is the earliest known fish ladder in Queensland. The ladder had been completed by March 1941 and in late April the Fisheries Department reported to the QueenlandTreasurer that large numbers of young mullet were using the ladder, and stocks upstream were swiftly replenishing. The base of the fish ladder was damaged in the 1980s following works on the mains. 959:

Works Hill through the residential area to meet Stumers Road, which continues past the remainder of the residences to the main centre of Mount Crosby, 400m east. The steam-powered pumping station was expanded and upgraded over time, responding to the increased demands on the water supply and as new technology became available, including the transition to electrification (1939-51).

544:(1887). All were smaller in scale than Mount Crosby, which remains the only large-scale pumping station complex remaining from this period with intact 19th century workers' housing. The majority of these sites retain only remnants of the early stations. The Maryborough pumping station at Tinana Creek still pumps water, but there is no longer any early fabric remaining on the site. 1284: 209: 773:

bricked up to make a storeroom. In 1959, a 4 tonne electric crane was added to the existing rails of the earlier hand operated crane (which was retained). Photographs from this period show the tram tracks had been removed from around the pumping station grounds, with coal not needed after electrification, but the tracks remained in situ on the 1926-1928 overbridge.

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Administration offices, a bathroom, and large open store area were accommodated in the front section. Behind this was a generator room and adjacent condenser room, and behind this was a large machines workshop. The southern end of the building was not enclosed, providing easy access into the workshop.

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Archaeological investigations of the Recreation Area have the potential to reveal sub-surface artefacts and features that might inform on the living conditions of the brief but intensive "day labour" workforce, which camped on-site while constructing the pumping station, including addressing research

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Detailed analysis of the pumping station – its layered building fabric and associated fixtures and equipment – has the potential to address research questions relating to early and evolving waterworks technology, layout, construction, materials and operation. Broader analysis of the associated weirs,

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Economiser houses (southern house, 1914; northern house, 1921) are two similar single-storey buildings attached to the side of the boiler house, which they serviced. They are separated from each other by a later storeroom (1958), which was built in place of the large demolished chimney they fed into.

967:, demolished 1958); and a tall engine house on the building's south end with a perpendicular tall engine house annexe projecting from the rear. A face brick wall (1921) of arches wraps the front and east side (coal store, boiler house, and economiser house), providing a robust and attractive, unified 923:

Occupying a large pocket of land on the west side of the Brisbane River in Chuwar, the Westbank zone retains features and areas of archaeological potential from its historical use as the resources receiving and supply area for the waterworks. A later large water treatment plant has been built on much

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Further enhancements were made to the station during the 1960s and 1970s, including the installation of pumps in Wells E and F. A second switchroom was built under the roof of the southern half of the former boiler house. In 1975 work began on a new well, Well H, resulting in the southern half of the

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supplied the plant. A central control room was installed on the first floor of the engine house annexe. From the control room a door was cut into the engine house wall, and a steel mezzanine deck was built, on which a switchroom was installed. This deck extended almost the entire length of the engine

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The remainder of the original pumping equipment was removed from the engine house at this time, with another three oval dry pumping wells constructed at the western end of the engine house, requiring further expansion of the engine house another 12.5m west. The original Well A was demolished but Well

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Major improvements were also made to the pumping station at this time. Much of the equipment was deemed to be inefficient and tenders were called for its upgrading, "the proposed new pumping plant was of three units, each capable of delivering 6,000,000 gallons of water from the Brisbane River in 24

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The pumping machinery, being of the latest technology, was difficult to correctly install. To assist with this, as per the contract, in 1892 Easton and Anderson sent a company representative, Charles May, to supervise the machinery's installation. May was also responsible for running the machines for

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a pumping station at Mount Crosby, and in 1889 the Board's chief engineer, Alexander Stewart, prepared plans for a new waterworks following the passing of legislation in 1889 (the Brisbane Water Supply Act 1889), when permission was granted to draw fresh water from the Brisbane River at Mount Crosby.

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Area; the terraced gardens of Works Hill; the substantial pumping station with its attractive face brick facade and open, flat setting; and the waterworks structures built in and next to the Brisbane River – the intake tower, 1926–1928 weir and overbridge, 1899 bridge remnants, and 1941 fish ladder.

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The place displays picturesque attributes with views unfolding along the winding, narrow private road, which connects the significant features. It provides shifting, attractive views to: the collection of matching, small timber houses and their yards; the hall; the large grassed and treed Recreation

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The pump house (1892–1949) is a large masonry building standing at the front of the site, addressing the bridge road to the north. It has many attached parts to its form, which expresses the original functions of the parts. The attached parts comprise: a coal store on the west side; a central boiler

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The flow of the river was managed by weirs (1902 south, 1926–1928 north), and water from intakes (1892 south, 1926 north) on the east bank was pumped through to the pumping station wells, then north in underground mains (1892, 1914, 1923, 1948) to the reservoir and subsequent treatment plant. Within

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In 1953, the generator room and condenser room, located in the 1920s building, were refitted as an electrical workshop. With the new capacity, a new intake was constructed in 1957, beside the 1920s intake tower. In 1958, the towering brick chimney was demolished and the resultant space in the façade

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Here, on a large curved desk top, the whole installation is represented diagrammatically, the electrical supply system and the motors and pumps and valves, and in this diagram miniature switches are incorporated. These switches control the whole of the operation, and from this point the operator can

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Important work to construct a new intake was carried out in the 1920s. It was to be situated near the pumping station and 150m north of the original intake. The design included the construction of a concrete tower on the eastern bank of the river that would hold the associated equipment and strainer

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In 1919, a hall was opened. Situated up the hill from the chief engineers' house, it became the social centre for the Mount Crosby community. Events such as balls, community meetings, church services and fundraising evenings were well-attended by the small Mount Crosby community. In 2019 the hall is

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The construction of the water treatment plant on Holt's Hill was difficult, due to Mount Crosby's steep terrain. An aerial ropeway was installed from the west bank, across the river and over the rugged hills, ultimately landing at the apex of the hill at the water treatment plant. The aerial ropeway

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to the Mount Crosby pumping station. The new line was to be maintained and worked by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board. Work on the 7km tramway had been completed by December 1913 at a cost of £31,000. The tramway was built to first-class railway standards. As it had been privately built, it

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In the early 1900s, Queensland experienced a severe drought that caused the Mount Crosby section of the Brisbane River to become a series of waterholes and almost ceased the flow of water down the river. Chief Engineer, J Stewart, initially took steps to alleviate this by sending men upstream to dig

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Over a dozen very comfortable looking houses have been erected on the slope of the hill at the bottom of which is the pumping station. The second and third engineers occupy the first two houses on the left going towards the engine house, and the eight firemen are accommodated a little lower down the

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As the population of Brisbane grew and the water supply became increasingly stretched following a series of droughts, the Brisbane Board of Waterworks recognised the necessity for expansion of water infrastructure. In 1880, government hydraulic engineer, JB Henderson, recommended the construction of

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The Mount Crosby pumping station complex has been an important part of Queensland's industrial history since first established in 1892. Several important technological phases in Queensland's history are reflected in the buildings, infrastructure, and industrial remnants. In continuous operation, the

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Established in 1892, Mount Crosby pumping station Complex has a strong association with past and present workers and their families, some of whom have generational links with the place. The once-remote site provided employment, housing, and recreation for the small community since the 1890s, and as

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Highly intact and with a high degree of integrity, Mount Crosby pumping station Complex is exceptional as an extensive Queensland public waterworks facility from the late-19th century with extensions and alterations to the mid-20th century for increased and improved water supply. It is important in

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Mount Crosby pumping station complex, established in 1892, is important in demonstrating the substantial infrastructure built to supply water to Brisbane. Through its alterations and expansions over time that increased and improved water supply, it is important in demonstrating the changes in water

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The office, generator, and workshop building (1921) is a single storey face brick building standing back from the front of the site. It stands on the east side of the pump house, separated from it by a service road. It comprises three attached sections: a front (north) section accommodating offices

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roof clad with corrugated metal sheets. The engine house annexe (1926, extended 1941) is a three-level building, projecting from the rear (south) wall of the engine house. On the ground floor, it accommodates a switch room and Well G (in a part basement level), an internal stair up to a first floor

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The pumping station stands on a large, flattened terrace adjacent to the river. The workers' residential area is immediately east of the pumping station, on higher land (Works Hill) overlooking the station and the river. A private road winds its way from the overbridge, past the pumping station, up

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The Brisbane City Council built the fish ladder on the east bank of the river below the weir. It consisted of a stepping series of concrete ponds over which the water cascaded. Each step held a fairly deep pool of water from which the fish would jump 23cm into the next pool, eventually reaching the

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stock, once plentiful in the upper reaches of the Brisbane River, began to wane. The weir blocked their passage upstream, following spawning season when they had travelled downstream. Anglers on the upper reaches began to notice the depleted stock, and farmers were concerned with the higher numbers

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The boiler house was extended to the north and a higher roof was added over this section; a second economiser house was built on its east side, beside the chimney, and a large coal store, accessed by tram rails that ran into the building, was added along the west side of the boiler house. These new

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Work progressed swiftly, and by December 1892 it was reported that the main brick buildings were complete, including the tall engine house, one-storey boiler house, and a 31.6m high chimney. All the bricks were locally made. There was also a timber coal shed, an office/operations room, and a timber

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The new works were to be constructed on the site of a former farm, on an elevated portion of land above the river, and at the base of a high hill. A brick pumping station, installed with the latest coal-powered steam engines, would pump the water up the hill to a reservoir, where it could be stored

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The collection of workers residences may facilitate detailed studies relating to the proximity of industrial and domestic life, and social dynamics of the community in the late 19th century. Analysis of the layout, design and fabric of the residences and associated landscape features could address

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The recreation area is a sloping open area of land is approximately 3500m2 in the core of the Works Hill houses. Occupying part of Stumers Road road reserve, it is an irregular shape defined by the fences of the house yards and the road edge. It is grassed and has trees dotted across it forming an

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For the workers at the Mount Crosby pumping station a substantial brick chief engineer's residence, two timber houses for the second and third engineers, four timber duplexes to house eight firemen and their families, and a small timber cottage for the drayman were constructed on a site beside the

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Originally identical, the Third Engineer's House (111) and Second Engineer's House (112) are generous, single storey, timber-framed and -clad, two-bedroom freestanding residences. Elevated on posts, the houses have wide verandahs wrapping all sides. An attached kitchen projects from the rear. The

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Remnant machinery, equipment, fixtures, and fittings are located in the pumping station building and its grounds. Those associated with the pumping station, tramway, and ropeway from 1892 to 1949 are included in the heritage listing, even if they are not located within a heritage-listed building.

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Occupying a large, steeply-sloping area of land on the east side of the Brisbane River in the locality of Mount Crosby, the Eastbank zone retains features and areas of archaeological potential from its use as the waterworks pumping operation centre (pumping station) and workers' residential area.

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There are two intakes pipes, one on each bank. The pipes are protected by a 25 millimetres (0.98 in) mesh screen which stops material such as leaves and sticks from entering the plant. The water from the Pumping Station is supplied to the Eastbank Water Treatment Plant. An additional smaller

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As part of these improvements, a new weir was constructed across the river between the 1899 bridge and the intake tower. The new weir incorporated a vehicle overbridge with a tramway to replace the older bridge. Electric haulage of the coal wagons was continued across the new overbridge, with the

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The engine house was a tall building, aligned east/west and approximately 23m long and housed the pumping machinery. Inside the building, five circular concrete-lined wet wells (A, B, C, D and E - west to east), were dug to a depth of 36m into the ground from the ground floor of the engine house,

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The contractor awarded the construction of the pumping station was Chamberlain & Wylie, with work commencing on the 1 August 1890. The Board appointed Joseph Stewart as Chief Engineer of the works; he would serve in this position until his death in 1919. A dedication plaque was erected at the

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Exploiting, utilising and transforming the land: Exploiting natural resources; Exploiting, utilising and transforming the land: Managing water; Exploiting, utilising and transforming the land: Protecting and conserving the environment; Developing secondary and tertiary industries: Lodging people;

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The pumping station is important as an exceptional example of a 19th-century pumping station in Queensland with incremental changes reflecting the advancements in water pumping technology over 50 years. It is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type through its: wells

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The fish ladder at Mount Crosby, built in 1941 using funds provided by six local councils and the State Fisheries Department, was a combined government effort to save wild mullet. It is important in demonstrating a coordinated government response to ensure the longevity of a native species

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From the late 1950s to the 1970s extensive landscaping and garden improvements were carried out. In the 1970s, the ornamental front fountain was installed. A stepped retaining wall facing the river was also constructed at this time, and a disused pumping station building from Lake Manchester was

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The boiler house was attached to the centre of the north side of the engine house and was aligned north–south. It was a 44m x 13.7m structure. The eastern wall was brick and the western wall featured open arches, which provided access from the detached coal store built at the western side of the

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from which the water is taken. The complex consists of the 1892 pumping station and a series of contemporaneously built workers' houses, which provided accommodation for employees. Associated infrastructure and industrial remnants throughout the site represent the pumping station's technological

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were placed strategically at high points around the station and a small military camp was set up between the pumping station and the low-level reservoir. At the same time, the water mains between Ipswich and Mount Crosby were patrolled. Windows on the northern and eastern facades of the pumping

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The quality of the water delivered to Brisbane was often criticised, as it was frequently turbid and odorous. These concerns were voiced by the Central Board of Health who believed the water was not fit for human consumption. Following several reports undertaken by Sydney and American hydraulic

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The site chosen for the pumping station was relatively remote, with only rudimentary tracks to the station from Ipswich and Brisbane. Employee housing was a major requirement for the Board of Waterworks. When work began on construction, accommodation for up to 80 men was required and tents were

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The highly intact collection of workers' houses built by the Brisbane Board of Waterworks in 1891-92 adjacent to its waterworks, are an important example of late-19th century workers' housing in Queensland. The houses demonstrate the need to have a dedicated workforce available to consistently

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Freight, including coal to fuel the steam-powered pumping station, was transported from the west, initially carted overland (1892) then via a locomotive tramway (1913), with an electric winch tram (1914) used for the steep approaches to the river crossings (1899 bridge remnants, 1926–1928 weir

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top of the ladder and gain freedom in the upper reaches of the river. At this time it was reported, "lately fish ladders have been in the local news. They are familiar things abroad, especially in America, and now the Brisbane City Council and the State Government are combining to build one at

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The Drayman's Cottage is a small, timber-framed and -clad, single storey, two-bedroom freestanding residence with a hip roof. Originally identical, the four Fireman's Duplexes (103 & 104, 105 & 106, 107 & 108, and 109 & 110) are small, timber-framed, single storey, two-bedroom

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Archaeological investigations of the remnant tramway, winch tram and aerial ropeway infrastructure, including surface and sub-surface features, has the potential to contribute to a greater understanding of the layout and operation of transportation systems associated with historically remote

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the scenic views that unfold along the bridge road on the eastern side of the river of the narrow road, treed grass verges on both sides, pumping station complex, treed and grassed common, extensive rock walls and landscaped gardens, and the buildings and yards of Works Hill, which creates a

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Further work at the pumping station was carried out from 1920, with the construction of a freestanding one-storey brick building to the east of the pumping station building. The building contained an office, a generator, and workshop. It was designed to complement the brick pumping station.

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For such an important plant it was imperative to have the majority of staff on hand. When first complete, the pumps were worked for up to 16 hours a day in two shifts, requiring constant attendance at the station, in particular the firemen, whose job it was to stoke the boilers with coal.

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was originally created for construction purposes, but was later used to transport coal to fire the boilers to create the steam that drove the pumping engines; The facility originally pumped untreated water from the north or eastern bank of the River, but water treatment was added later.

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intakes and rising mains, including archaeological investigations to determine the location, design and construction of the original intake and tunnel, has the potential to contribute to a greater understanding of early and evolving water management systems for large-scale water supply.

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before being gravity-fed through a large pipeline to Brisbane. It was reported in 1891 that "only about twelve months have elapsed since the first workman struck his pick into the side of the hill to form the site for the buildings, and now the completion of the works is close at hand".

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erected on the slopes surrounding the construction works. "Dotting the hillside at every eligible spot, lies the calico township of Mount Crosby, in the midst of which the great brick chimney stack...rears its lofty head". Temporary structures were also built for offices and a store.

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Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.36. It is possible that mobile 40mm Bofors type anti-aircraft guns, known to be used by the 113 and 114 Light Anti Aircraft Regiments based in Brisbane, were

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channels to release water. Further emergency measures were taken when a sandbag and clay weir was built just below the 1892 intake. A permanent solution was approved by the board in 1902 and a 3m high, concrete weir was constructed 700m downstream from the original intake.

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maintain and operate the historically remote steam-powered pumping station. The range of dwelling types reflects the hierarchy of employment positions, from the small drayman's cottage and four fireman's duplexes (1892), to the two large elevated engineers' houses (1891).

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were essential. Queensland's longest telephone line at the time was installed, which ran from the engineer's house to Brisbane. As was the case with much of the station's machinery, the use of the latest technology demonstrated the importance of the station to the region.

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Permanent housing for the pump station's employees was a component of the Board's original intent and in January 1891, respected Brisbane architect, Charles McLay, was commissioned by the Board to design eight houses. McLay, who had been responsible for the design of the

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The extensive Mount Crosby pumping station Complex has the potential to reveal further information about late 19th and early 20th century waterworks infrastructure and operations, the transition from steam to electric power, and the people who lived and worked there.

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overbridge) that accessed the pumping station (1892) on the east bank. A branch line on the west bank curved south to a loading station for the aerial ropeway (1915) that spanned the river to convey construction materials to the treatment plant to the northeast.

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in 1889, called for tenders in January 1891, and awarded the contract to Robert Rutherford. It was not unusual in the late 19th century and into the 20th for a company to provide housing for their workers if situated in an isolated location, as Mount Crosby was.

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attractive setting. On the western corner of the area is a mature hoop pine. The recreation area has potential sub-surface artefacts and features from the brief but intensive "day labour" workforce, which camped on-site while constructing the pumping station.

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The electrical substation (1948) is a fenced array of external electrical infrastructure standing south of the engine room annexe. The features of the electrical wubstation of state-level cultural heritage significance are those constructed in the 1940s.

571:; this required a higher roof on the boiler house. On the east side of the boiler house was built a brick economiser house, adjacent to the chimney to accommodate economiser flues, components of the new equipment. The new pumps were operational by 1916. 877:, either side of the Brisbane River, 24km southwest of the Brisbane CBD. The complex is organised into separate but adjacent connected zones that reflect the historical operations and key phases of technological development that have formed the place. 1194:

Mount Crosby pumping station Complex is rare as the only known remaining example in Queensland of a pumping station complex established in the 19th century with intact 1891–1892 workers' housing, making this an exceptional example of its type.

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A service lane runs south from the front forecourt between the pumping station building and the office, generator, and workshop building. It is a wide clear lane to provide ample access into these buildings for large industrial equipment.

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Mount Crosby pumping station Complex is a landmark central to the area's identity, with the substantial industrial pumping station, weirs, bridge foundations juxtaposed against the otherwise vegetated riverbank vista from the west bank.

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wells. From the intake tower, a 1.8m wide underground tunnel would convey the water to the station, where it was distributed to the various pumping engines. The new intake was completed by 1926 and the use of the original one ceased.

1102:) third bedroom projecting from the rear). They have gable roofs and each pair shares a brick party wall. Standing in modest yards and elevated on posts, the duplexes and the cottage have a similar four-room core and front and rear 173:

Natural feature: River/creek/watercourse; Residential: Cottage; Residential: Detached house; Residential: Duplex; Transport-rail: Tramway; Transport-road: Bridge-road; Utilities-water supply: Weir; Utilities-water supply: Pumping

1177:

The high integrity of the place, retaining diverse layers of waterworks features from many periods, both remnant and operational, provides a rich illustration of the long and continuous operation of the waterworks from the site.

768:

start and stop pumps or operate as he wills. Coloured lights, green, yellow and red, tell a constant story of the plant operation, so the operator standing at this desk knows exactly what is happening in all parts of the station.

1050: 1058:

Works Hill is the steep terrain immediately east of the pumping station. The residences stand on a ridgeline on the south side of the private road down to the pumping station. From lowest (west) to highest (east), these are:

109:

1891–1892, 1892–1915, former water intake, culvert, silt chamber and tunnel site (1892, 1892–1949, 1899, 1902–1918), remnant weir (1902, 1913, 1913, 1914–1926, 1915, 1926–1928, 1926, 1926,

1258:

such has played an important role in their lives. This continues to be demonstrated with events such as the "back to Mount Crosby" day, held annually, and other events held by the Mount Crosby Historical Society.

415:

weighbridge adjacent to the boiler house. The steam-driven pumping machinery installed in the engine house was supplied by British company, Easton and Anderson Ltd., and the boiler house boilers were supplied by

763:. Prior to electrification, each shift at the station had required 20 men, but with the new technology, only two men were needed. The control room became the centre for the plant and was described at the time: 1032:

with a large storeroom behind; a former Generator Room and Condenser Room (now one space) attached to the rear of storeroom; and a Machine Workshop attached to the rear of the generator and condenser rooms.

511:

The chief engineer's role was essential to the running of not only the station, but also the high-level reservoir and the main lines to Brisbane. Clear lines of communication to Waterworks' offices in the

642:

took over the Mount Crosby pumping station in 1928, following the dissolution of the Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board. It was then administered by the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage.

738:

Another era of considerable change at the station began in the late 1940s, with the plant's complete conversion to electricity. A sub-station was constructed south of the engine house through which the

504:, duplexes and terrace houses were rarely constructed in Queensland after 1885. As all the land on which the duplexes were built was owned by the board, allotment sizes did not need to be considered. 1152:"village" character. Views along the road display the collection of small, consistent timber buildings contrasting with the massive, masonry pumping station buildings in the rural riverside setting. 547:

In 1893, a state school, located several hundred meters away from the pumping station, along Stumers Road, replaced a smaller 1882 provisional school, providing education to employees' children.

1015:

The engine house (1892, extended 1913 and 1925) is a tall narrow rectangular face brick building attached to the south end of the coal store, boiler house, and south economiser house. It has a

996:

The boiler house (1892, extended to the north 1921) is ttached to and opening from the eastern side of the coal store, the boiler house is a single-storey building with a hipped roof clad with

727: 671:, previously controlled by the mullet as a food source, affecting the cattle. Heavily depleted mullet stock was likewise identified by the coastal fishing industry. Concern was raised by the 336:. It was not until the mid-late 1850s that land at Mount Crosby began to be settled, with small farms emerging, and by the 1870s the majority of the land at Mount Crosby had been selected. 488:

slope, the chief engineer's house, an exceedingly nice brick cottage, being near the works, but opposite to the other houses. In this way all those engaged on the works live on the spot.

1083:) stand on the steeply sloping land behind (south) of the duplex (103 & 104), bordering a narrow service road on the pumping station land and shielding the houses from the station. 313:

Established in 1892 by the Brisbane Board of Waterworks as a means of providing Brisbane residents with a reliable source of clean water, the pumping station is situated alongside the

1035:

Well G Fan House (1941) is a small, square, single-storey, face brick building on a concrete slab. It is freestanding to the west of the engine house annexe, which houses Well G.

650:, capable of delivering 22.7 million litres of water per day, were installed in the well and the turbo-alternator converted to power the new engines. A small fan house to hold a 1562: 986:

The forecourt was the former coal receiving area. It is a large, flat and open front forecourt space (which was progressively extended north and west by earthworks from 1892).

626: 3465: 1219:

research questions relating to: the rationale behind the hierarchical siting of dwellings; and how the unusual use of duplexes may have reflected operational conditions.

411:

MLA, and "the stone being ready, and a raised platform having been erected for those present, the stone was laid on the left hand corner at the rear of the building".

915: 819:

pumping station sits on the west bank to supply the Westbank Water Treatment Plant. Treated water from both Water Treatment Plants is pumped to two 90 megalitres (3.2

201: 777:

former coal store being demolished and a new brick enclosure constructed in its place. By 1963, the pumping station was providing 682,000 people with clean water.

1145:

the attractive, panoramic view of the river, treed landscape, and waterworks buildings and related structures from the western approach of the 1926-28 overbridge

599:

In 1922, the Mount Crosby pumping station began supplying water to Ipswich. Prior to this, Ipswich had supplied its own water from a smaller pumping facility at

1086: 493: 66: 1023: 492:

The decision of the Board to construct duplexes rather than detached cottages was unusual, and may have been for economic reasons. Due to the passing of the

3564: 574:

The inefficient coal transportation system was also rectified at this time when approval was given by the Board for the construction of a tramway from the

351:. There was no pipe network; the water was delivered by water carts to households who stored their water in barrels. The water was described as having "a 1000:

sheets. A large concrete-framed and concrete block enclosure for Switch Room No.2 has been inserted under the roof of the southern half of the building.

3589: 3584: 2730: 3444: 1076:

The Drayman's Cottage and the Fireman's Duplexes are similar in appearance and size but the engineer's houses are grander in appearance and larger.

2589:

Millace Simmonds, Journal of American Water Works Association, "Public Water Supplies of Queensland, Australia", Vol.55, No.8, August 1963, p.1051.

2022:

Ian Cameron, 125 Years of State Public Works in Queensland 1859-1984, Director-General, Premier's Department, Queensland Government, Brisbane, 1989

1109: 946:

The Brisbane River is approximately 150m wide at this location and this zone retains features from its use as the water supply for the waterworks.

3569: 3530: 993:

clad with metal sheets. The building's southern half has been demolished and replaced with a concrete frame and face brick structure for Well H.

3594: 3449: 2641: 1106:

and the understoreys are mostly open with earth floors. The roofs are continuous over the verandahs and are clad with corrugated metal sheets.

2468:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, pp.147-48

3599: 2699: 792: 496:, which legislated the size of housing allotments to prevent an increase in slum conditions, in crowded, inner-city Brisbane suburbs such as 2225:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.165.

2324:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.101

2103:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.98.

2085:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.98.

2040:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.30.

1618:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.34.

730:

was viewed by the authorities as likely. Protection of southeast Queensland's foremost water supply plant was crucial, and in 1942, three

1911:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.97

1699:

Judith Nissen, Creating the Landscape: A History of Settlement and Land Use in Mount Crosby, Thesis, University of Queensland, 1999, p.92

842: cu ft) of drinking water each day. During periods of high demand the amount can be increased four-fold to 1,000 megalitres (35 2671: 2617: 1118:

understoreys are mostly open with earth floors. The roofs are continuous over the verandahs and are clad with corrugated metal sheets.

3120: 1569: 1253:

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

575: 348: 454:. Initially, the coal was delivered by horse-drawn wagons, each capable of holding 3 tonnes of coal. The wagons crossed the river at 2598:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.35.Description:

607:

B, the lift, was retained. In 1925, a three-storey annexe was constructed, projecting from the rear of the engine house to house a

3574: 723: 971:. This wall retains original metal downpipes, and square-headed windows and doors with timber-framed double-hung, multi-paned 520:

Other municipal water pumping stations with steam-powered equipment were established in Queensland at this time, including at

1636: 1302: 873:

Mount Crosby pumping station complex occupies approximately 10 hectares of land in the two outer suburbs of Mount Crosby and

537: 1198:

The complex with its diverse layers of waterworks features from many periods is rare and retains a high level of integrity.

386:

the supply of water to Brisbane residents. Further improvements to the water supply were made with the construction of the

3429: 2723: 2580:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.42.

2553:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.42.

2526:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.39.

2459:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.38.

2342:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.33.

2279:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.34.

2148:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.34.

2067:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.19.

1947:

John S Garner, The Company Town, Architecture and Society in the Early Industrial Age, Oxford University Press, 1992, p.9.

1848:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.18.

1803:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.13.

1223:

questions relating to consumption activities, the presence of women and children, and the layout and nature of dwellings.

318:

phases. Mount Crosby pumping station continues to provide Brisbane and its surrounds with clean, safe and reliable water.

3542: 2360:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.34

2297:

Ray Rogan, One Hundred Years of Service, Mount Crosby East Bank Water Works, 1892-1992, Brisbane City Council, 1992, p.33

2216:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.66-68

2094:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.43-44

711:". Although fish ladders were not a new concept, with many being constructed in the US, Canada and New Zealand to assist 3178: 2679: 1500: 1162: 344: 270: 130: 2562:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.23.

2378:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.29.

2369:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.16.

2288:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.25.

2243:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.25.

2198:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p. 66

2013:

Raymond Whitmore, Queensland's Early Waterworks, Department of Natural Resources, Queensland Government, Brisbane, 1997

1893:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.66.

1884:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.14.

1821:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.21.

1785:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.19.

1125:

The community hall stands on the north side of Stumers Road, highly visible from and central to the Works Hill houses.

30: 3523: 3491: 2571:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.33

2544:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.32

2517:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.29

2450:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.16

2270:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.25

2166:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.66

2157:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.24

2121:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.23

2058:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.14

1133: 812: 612: 2076:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.9

1690:

Ray Whitmore, Mount Crosby Waterworks, Heritage Study, Report for the Brisbane City Council, Heritage Unit, 1992, p.8

1531: 3390: 2175:

John Kerr, Triumph of Narrow Gauge: A History of Queensland Railways, Boolarong Publications, Brisbane, 1990, p.105

997: 795:, both treatment plants were unable to process Brisbane River water because it was too muddy and filled with silt. 568: 501: 420: 371: 364: 274: 3579: 3366: 3070: 3049: 740: 451: 646:

In 1938, a three-storey extension was made to the engine house annexe to house a new circular well, Well G. Two

3481: 2716: 1227:

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

680: 375: 238: 45: 1202:

The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history.

1977:

Thom Blake, Mt Crosby Residential Precinct: Cultural Heritage Assessment, A Report for SEQ Water, 2013, p.6.

1956:

Thom Blake, Mt Crosby Residential Precinct: Cultural Heritage Assessment, A Report for SEQ Water, 2013, p.4.

1938:

Thom Blake, Mt Crosby Residential Precinct: Cultural Heritage Assessment, A Report for SEQ Water, 2013, p.3.

1174:

pumping technology in Queensland, from steam in the late-19th century, to electric in the mid-20th century.

1148:

the open view of the Brisbane River and 1926-28 weir from the western grounds of the pumping station complex

752: 619:

buildings had attractive arched brick façades, unifying the different sections, and were completed by 1921.

615:, several kilometres away. The upper floors became electrical workshops, accessed by an external staircase. 533: 497: 446:

A stable means of coal delivery was crucial for the running of the station. All coal supplies came from the

2487:

D Horner, The Gunners: A History of Australian Artillery, St Leonards NSW, Allen & Uniwin, 1995, p.312.

1020:

former central control room, and an external stair from here to a second floor former electrical workshop.

747:

The official opening ceremony was held on the 30 March 1951, and was attended by dignitaries including the

3496: 3343: 1920:

Donald Watson and Judith McKay, Queensland Architects of the 19th Century, Queensland Museum, 1994, p.120.

735:

station were bricked-in. By 1943, the perceived threat had abated and all military installations removed.

467: 383: 2675: 1495: 2967: 2776: 2306:

Brisbane Water Supply System, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Brisbane City Council, 1970, p.3.

1708:

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Brisbane Water Supply System, Brisbane City Council, 1970, p.2.

692: 688: 639: 416: 2990: 2333:

Brisbane Water Supply System, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Brisbane City Council, 1970, p.3

1007: 370:

The Brisbane Waterworks Act 1863 was introduced to alleviate this problem. The legislation enabled the

277:, together with numerous associated facilities which were not included in the state heritage listing. 3226: 3218: 2998: 696: 684: 676: 480: 387: 340:, the closest regional town, became the centre for supplies and market for the Mount Crosby farmers. 281: 332:

first sailed up the Brisbane River in the early 1820s and named the area now known as Mount Crosby,

3298: 3003: 2894: 2844: 2839: 2683: 2645: 1598: 782: 760: 756: 529: 337: 2638: 2031:

QHR 601081, Burdekin River Pumping Station (former), Department of Environment and Science.

1054:

Works Hill looking toward the Community Hall with the Recreation Area on the right hand side, 2019

603:, also on the Brisbane River, but due to Ipswich's increasing population, supply became strained. 3256: 3168: 3090: 2975: 2884: 2879: 2814: 874: 748: 731: 447: 254: 3241: 3145: 2864: 2849: 2794: 2789: 1275: 1190:

The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.

708: 672: 600: 455: 374:

to construct reservoirs, supply water to the town and to charge for services, but allowed the

302: 234: 3421: 3385: 3246: 3208: 3155: 3130: 3105: 3065: 3028: 2980: 2957: 2824: 2809: 647: 608: 242: 49: 382:

was completed in 1866 and provided reticulated water to the town, and in 1871 the first of

3338: 3322: 3193: 3043: 3033: 2703: 651: 541: 367:

in 1859, one of their first tasks was to plan a better water supply for the growing town.

266: 230: 118: 1169:

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

2708: 2261:

Ipswich City Council, "Kholo Reservoir Precinct", Expanded Ipswich Heritage Study, 1995.

3439: 3316: 3268: 3236: 3198: 3038: 2942: 2869: 2829: 1297: 808: 314: 262: 250: 1095:

semi-detached residences (with the exception of residence 104, which has a later (pre-

3558: 3251: 3140: 3115: 3060: 3055: 3013: 2937: 2919: 2909: 2804: 2799: 804: 663: 788:

To cater for increased demand the Westbank Water Treatment Plant was built in 1986.

434: 3287: 3278: 3262: 3183: 3173: 3135: 3125: 3099: 2947: 2927: 2904: 2889: 2859: 2819: 2784: 2739: 1289: 976: 963:

house; two economiser houses on the east side (flanking the location of the former

719: 683:. In September 1940, agreement had been reached between the Brisbane City Council, 513: 408: 379: 298: 2687: 1628: 269:

and built from 1891 to 1892. The historic parts of the facility were added to the

3405: 3310: 3304: 3293: 3203: 3110: 3018: 990: 972: 700: 521: 360: 2670: 1186:

essential to the state's commercial fishing industry in south east Queensland.

893:

The features protected by the heritage listing can be grouped into four zones:

3188: 3163: 3080: 3075: 3008: 2952: 2854: 2743: 1866:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 7 December 1893, p.2.

1735:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 25 February 1891, p.3

1265: 329: 246: 53: 1875:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 25 October 1898, p.4

1794:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 17 October 1891, p.2

355:

colour and consistency" which required the householders to add wood ashes or

81: 68: 3486: 3023: 2932: 2899: 2874: 2834: 2762: 1995:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 27 August 1891, p.5

1283: 525: 378:

to influence decisions with the establishment of a Board of Waterworks. The

1753:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 24 April 1891, p.3

1594: 1857:

Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser, 9 March 1893, p.5

1523: 3400: 3395: 3231: 980: 352: 325: 258: 1659: 1103: 964: 322: 1681:

QHR 600174, Service Reservoirs, Department of Environment and Science.

832:

Westbank Water Treatment Plant is able to generate 250 megalitres (8.8

703:. The remainder would be paid by the Queensland Fisheries Department. 297:

The Mount Crosby pumping station complex is located 24km southwest of

1530:. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland. 968: 855:

Eastbank Water Treatment Plant is able to generate 850 megalitres (30

712: 305:

enabling easy access across the Brisbane River; it is a public road.

630:

Kholo main pipeline being laid, Brisbane River at Mount Crosby, 1922

321:

The Mount Crosby district forms part of the traditional land of the

662:

An unforeseen issue arose following the completion of the weir, as

1132: 1108: 1085: 1080: 1049: 1022: 1016: 1006: 914: 903:

Eastbank (Mount Crosby) – operations and workers' residential area

668: 625: 433: 280:

The Mount Crosby pumping station was originally steam-powered. A

1929:

Australasian Builder and Contractors News, 24 January 1891, p.46

852: cu ft). The process takes about 24 hours to convert. 356: 3364: 2755: 2712: 567:

Four of the original boilers were replaced with more efficient

257:

on the other side of the river. The facility supplies water to

2757: 1240:

The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.

1661:

Brisbane's water supply : the Queen Street fire of 1864

1629:"History of Moreton Bay Convict Settlement and Penal Colony" 1165:

on 25 October 2019 having satisfied the following criteria.

937:

remnant aerial ropeway loading station site (1915) and route

900:

Brisbane River – the source of water supply and the crossing

699:

to contribute to half of the £250 it would cost to build a

654:

used to cool the engines was erected beside the extension.

2496:

The Electrical Workshop was moved to a separate building.

989:

The coal store (1921) is a single-storey building with a

924:

of the land (not of heritage significance). It includes:

347:

came from a reservoir in present-day Tank Street in the

1161:

Mount Crosby pumping station complex was listed on the

1141:

The views that form part of the heritage listing are:

216:

Location of Mount Crosby Pumping Station in Queensland

1496:"Mount Crosby Pumping Station Complex (entry 650236)" 2674:

This Knowledge (XXG) article contains material from

897:

Westbank (Chuwar) – the former resources supply area

208: 3474: 3458: 3414: 3378: 3331: 3277: 3217: 3154: 3089: 2989: 2966: 2918: 2775: 934:

remnant freight tram branch line formation (c.1913)

931:

two electric winch tram house sites (1914 and 1926)

919:

Tram weighbridge and cabin, Westbank (Chuwar), 2019

438:

Pumping engine at the Mount Crosby waterworks, 1892

178: 169: 161: 153: 145: 137: 128: 114: 105: 97: 60: 40: 23: 2207:Queensland Times, 22 June 1912, p.6. 829: cu ft) reservoirs at Cameron's Hill. 611:, used to generate electricity to the pumps at 1027:Office, Generator, and Workshop Building, 2019 865: cu ft) of drinking water each day. 363:the yellow sediments. On establishment of the 35:Mount Crosby Pumping Station, from north, 2019 2724: 494:Undue Subdivision of Land Prevention Act 1885 273:on 25 October 2019. It is also listed on the 8: 3375: 3361: 2772: 2752: 2731: 2717: 2709: 803:Most of the water treated is sourced from 29: 20: 2610:"Enough water for now - if we're careful" 2504: 2502: 2185: 2183: 2181: 1964: 1962: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1563:"Mount Crosby Water Treatment Plant Tour" 928:tramway weighbridge and cabin (both 1913) 728:threat of a Japanese attack on Queensland 301:. There is a single lane bridge over the 3445:Toowoomba Water Futures referendum, 2006 2423:Queensland Times, 6 September 1940, p.6. 2135: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2049:Brisbane Courier, 29 September 1902, p.4 1902:Queenslander, 12 December, 1891, p.1114. 1664:, Royal Historical Society of Queensland 1557: 1555: 1553: 1551: 1549: 2639:Lake Manchester joins SEQ drought fight 2535:Brisbane Telegraph, 29 March 1951, p.5. 2351:Queensland Times, 1 February 1927, p.5. 1986:Brisbane Courier, 10 January 1903, p.7. 1717:Queenslander, 12 December 1891, p.1114. 1314: 1090:Fireman's Duplex, No. 105 and 106, 2019 450:coal mines, several kilometres away in 261:and nearby cities and towns within the 3450:Western Corridor Recycled Water Scheme 1812:Queensland Times, 17 October 1891, p.2 1639:from the original on 24 September 2015 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1446: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 475:pumping station which became known as 18:Historic site in Queensland, Australia 3466:Department of Energy and Water Supply 2690:licence, accessed on 28 April 2021. 2414:Queensland Times, 10 August 1940, p.6 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 793:January 2013 Eastern Australia floods 785:and the "Back to Mount Crosby" days. 177: 168: 160: 152: 144: 136: 127: 7: 3537: 2676:Mount Crosby Pumping Station Complex 2648:Web Archives. Brisbane City Council. 2387:Queensland Times, 21 April 1939, p.6 2252:Daily Standard, 21 October 1922, p.7 869:Description of the heritage features 141:Mount Crosby Pumping Station Complex 2396:Queensland Times, 26 July 1940, p.6 2112:Brisbane Courier, 10 May 1912, p.4. 1839:Brisbane Courier, 8 June 1892, p.6. 1534:from the original on 8 October 2012 343:Brisbane's water supply during the 3565:Industrial buildings in Queensland 1830:Brisbane Courier, 8 June 1893, p.6 1658:Melton, Charles (1 January 1935), 1011:Engine House, from southwest, 2019 419:., manufactured in their works at 349:Brisbane central business district 249:, Australia. It is located on the 14: 3379:Companies and government agencies 2405:Courier Mail, 9 August 11940, p.6 2139:Daily Standard, 8 March 1915, p.6 1968:Telegraph, 24 November 1892, p.3. 1137:Mt. Crosby Weir, western approach 3590:Brisbane Local Heritage Register 3585:1892 establishments in Australia 3536: 3518: 3517: 2669: 2508:Courier Mail, 31 March 1951, p.3 2432:Telegraph, 18 January 1941, p.9. 2315:Daily Standard, 2 July 1924, p.4 2234:Daily Mail,18 February 1920, p.6 1771:Telegraph, 31 December 1890, p.3 1744:Telegraph, 8 November 1889, p.4. 1282: 1268: 724:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour 384:Spring Hill's Service Reservoirs 265:. It was originally designed by 207: 200: 2616:. Fairfax Media. Archived from 3570:Water management in Queensland 2608:Tony Moore (30 January 2013). 1762:Telegraph, 24 April 1891, p.2. 1303:List of tramways in Queensland 538:Burdekin River pumping station 1: 3595:Water supply pumping stations 3430:Gold Coast Desalination Plant 2441:Telegraph, 29 April 1941, p.6 2189:Telegraph, 8 March 1915, p.3. 1504:. Queensland Heritage Council 1113:Second Engineer's House, 2019 1096: 587:used as a child-care centre. 101:1870s–1890s Late 19th century 3600:Queensland Heritage Register 3435:Mount Crosby Pumping Station 3179:Gattonvale Offstream Storage 2680:Queensland Heritage Register 2657:The Week, 10 July 1891, p.11 2004:Telegraph, 12 May 1892, p.3. 1726:The Week, 10 July 1891, p.11 1501:Queensland Heritage Register 1163:Queensland Heritage Register 569:Babcock & Wilcox boilers 271:Queensland Heritage Register 227:Mount Crosby pumping station 131:Queensland Heritage Register 24:Mount Crosby Pumping Station 3492:Queensland Water Commission 3426:Bundaberg Irrigation Scheme 1079:A row of mature fig trees ( 1072:the Second Engineer's House 1066:the four Fireman's Duplexes 811:, though some is also from 741:City Electric Light Company 3616: 3415:Other sources / facilities 3391:Queensland Urban Utilities 1568:. Seqwater. Archived from 1215:steam-powered waterworks. 1069:the Third Engineer's House 975:and timber-framed boarded 807:and Lockyer Creek via the 722:intensified following the 372:Brisbane Municipal Council 365:Brisbane Municipal Council 359:to their water barrels to 275:Brisbane Heritage Register 3531:Water management category 3513: 3374: 3367:Water resource management 3360: 2771: 2751: 195: 191: 187: 124: 28: 726:on 7 December 1941, the 681:Crows Nest Shire Council 524:(1873), Ipswich (1878), 1633:www.brisbanehistory.com 3575:Dams completed in 1892 3497:SEQ Water Grid Manager 1138: 1114: 1091: 1055: 1028: 1012: 920: 770: 631: 576:Tivoli railway station 490: 468:Brisbane Customs House 439: 3279:North West Queensland 3121:Fitzroy River Barrage 2968:South West Queensland 2777:South East Queensland 1136: 1112: 1089: 1063:the Drayman's Cottage 1053: 1026: 1010: 918: 881:Process-driven layout 765: 693:Laidley Shire Council 691:, Esk Shire Council, 689:Moreton Shire Council 640:Brisbane City Council 629: 485: 437: 376:Queensland Government 229:is a heritage-listed 3219:Far North Queensland 2999:Ben Anderson Barrage 2700:History of Mt Crosby 697:Gatton Shire Council 685:Ipswich City Council 677:Kilcoy Shire Council 390:in the early 1880s. 388:Gold Creek Reservoir 82:27.5380°S 152.7991°E 2684:State of Queensland 2646:Library of Congress 2644:8 June 2009 at the 1599:State of Queensland 783:Brisbane Open House 761:John Beals Chandler 757:Brisbane Lord Mayor 237:) at Stumers Road, 78: / 3344:Tallebudgera Creek 3091:Central Queensland 2678:, an entry in the 2620:on 31 January 2013 1595:"Queensland Globe" 1139: 1115: 1092: 1056: 1029: 1013: 921: 749:Queensland Premier 732:anti-aircraft guns 632: 440: 417:JW Sutton & Co 162:Reference no. 87:-27.5380; 152.7991 3552: 3551: 3509: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3351: 2865:Mount Crosby Weir 2682:published by the 1528:Queensland Places 1276:Queensland portal 799:Current operation 709:Mount Crosby Weir 673:Esk Shire Council 648:centrifugal pumps 456:Colleges Crossing 303:Mount Crosby Weir 253:and extends into 235:Mount Crosby Weir 224: 223: 3607: 3580:City of Brisbane 3540: 3539: 3521: 3520: 3422:Bradfield Scheme 3386:Gold Coast Water 3376: 3362: 3227:Copperlode Falls 3156:North Queensland 2991:Wide Bay–Burnett 2981:Neil Turner Weir 2810:Cedar Grove Weir 2773: 2753: 2733: 2726: 2719: 2710: 2673: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2605: 2599: 2596: 2590: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2527: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2509: 2506: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2158: 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609:turbo-alternator 243:City of Brisbane 211: 210: 204: 93: 92: 90: 89: 88: 83: 79: 76: 75: 74: 71: 50:City of Brisbane 33: 21: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3501: 3470: 3454: 3410: 3370: 3348: 3327: 3299:East Leichhardt 3273: 3213: 3150: 3085: 3004:Bjelke-Petersen 2985: 2962: 2914: 2895:Splityard Creek 2845:Leslie Harrison 2840:Lake Manchester 2767: 2747: 2737: 2704:Wayback Machine 2696: 2667: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2500: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 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858: 856: 845: 843: 835: 833: 822: 820: 813:Lake Manchester 801: 660: 652:centrifugal fan 613:Lake Manchester 597: 553: 542:Charters Towers 536:(1880) and the 400: 311: 295: 267:Charles H McLay 231:pumping station 220: 219: 218: 217: 214: 213: 212: 157:25 October 2019 133: 119:Charles H McLay 86: 84: 80: 77: 72: 69: 67: 65: 64: 36: 19: 12: 11: 5: 3613: 3611: 3603: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3557: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3546: 3534: 3527: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3482:Brisbane Water 3478: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3440:SEQ Water Grid 3437: 3432: 3427: 3424: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3382: 3380: 3372: 3371: 3365: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3317:Lake Moondarra 3313: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3283: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3266: 3259: 3257:Stannary Hills 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3223: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3169:Burdekin Falls 3166: 3160: 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3095: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2976:E.J. Beardmore 2972: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2922: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2885:Six Mile Creek 2882: 2880:Sideling Creek 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2815:Lake Clarendon 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2781: 2779: 2769: 2768: 2756: 2749: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2728: 2721: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2695: 2694:External links 2692: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2650: 2631: 2614:Brisbane Times 2600: 2591: 2582: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2546: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2498: 2489: 2480: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2290: 2281: 2272: 2263: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2200: 2191: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2123: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2042: 2033: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1979: 1970: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1895: 1886: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1850: 1841: 1832: 1823: 1814: 1805: 1796: 1787: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1719: 1710: 1701: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1650: 1620: 1611: 1586: 1545: 1524:"Mount Crosby" 1515: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1298:SEQ Water Grid 1294: 1293: 1279: 1263: 1260: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1130: 1127: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 951: 948: 943: 942:Brisbane River 940: 939: 938: 935: 932: 929: 912: 909: 908: 907: 904: 901: 898: 882: 879: 870: 867: 809:Brisbane River 800: 797: 659: 656: 596: 593: 552: 549: 502:Petrie Terrace 421:Kangaroo Point 399: 396: 315:Brisbane River 310: 307: 299:Brisbane's CBD 294: 291: 263:SEQ Water Grid 251:Brisbane River 233:and weir (the 222: 221: 215: 206: 205: 199: 198: 197: 196: 193: 192: 189: 188: 185: 184: 180: 176: 175: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 149:state heritage 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 129: 126: 125: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 62: 58: 57: 44:Stumers Road, 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 17: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3612: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3545: 3544: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3524:Dams category 3516: 3515: 3512: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3242:Koombooloomba 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3147: 3146:Theresa Creek 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Awoonga 3098: 3066:Meandu Creek 3050:Lake Gregory 3048: 3029:Cedar Pocket 2958:Perseverance 2825:Ewen Maddock 2761: 2740:Water supply 2688:CC-BY 4.0 AU 2668: 2653: 2634: 2622:. 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Retrieved 1499: 1290:Water portal 1256: 1252: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1140: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1093: 1078: 1075: 1057: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1014: 1002: 995: 988: 985: 977:French doors 961: 957: 953: 945: 922: 892: 888: 884: 872: 862: 854: 849: 839: 831: 826: 817: 802: 790: 787: 779: 775: 771: 766: 746: 737: 720:World War II 717: 705: 661: 645: 637: 633: 621: 617: 605: 598: 589: 585: 581: 573: 566: 562: 558: 554: 546: 519: 514:Brisbane CBD 510: 506: 491: 486: 476: 473: 464: 460: 445: 441: 429: 425: 423:, Brisbane. 413: 409:Horace Tozer 405: 401: 392: 380:Enoggera Dam 369: 342: 333: 320: 312: 296: 287: 279: 239:Mount Crosby 226: 225: 46:Mount Crosby 15: 3406:WaterSecure 3369:by function 3339:Nindooinbah 3323:Rifle Creek 3305:Lake Julius 3194:Peter Faust 3044:Gordonbrook 3034:Cooloolabin 2746:, Australia 2665:Attribution 1100: 1925 991:hipped roof 701:fish ladder 534:Maryborough 522:Rockhampton 498:Spring Hill 361:precipitate 345:convict era 85: / 73:152°47′57″E 61:Coordinates 56:, Australia 3559:Categories 3475:Historical 3459:Regulators 3332:Historical 3269:Wild River 3237:Irvinebank 3199:Ross River 3039:Fred Haigh 2943:Cressbrook 2870:North Pine 2830:Gold Creek 2763:reservoirs 2744:Queensland 1309:References 1081:Ficus spp. 753:Ned Hanlon 477:Works Hill 330:John Oxley 247:Queensland 154:Designated 70:27°32′17″S 54:Queensland 3487:LinkWater 3252:Southedge 3141:Teemburra 3116:Fairbairn 3056:Lenthalls 3014:Boondooma 2938:Coolmunda 2910:Wyaralong 2805:Bromelton 2800:Bill Gunn 2766:by region 1104:verandahs 981:fanlights 658:1940–2019 595:1922–1940 551:1902–1921 526:Toowoomba 483:reported: 398:1890–1902 334:Belle Vue 293:Geography 115:Architect 3401:SunWater 3396:seqwater 3184:Kinchant 3174:Eungella 3136:Number 7 3126:Kroombit 3071:Paradise 2948:Glenlyon 2928:Connolly 2905:Wivenhoe 2890:Somerset 2860:Moogerah 2820:Enoggera 2785:Atkinson 2702:via the 2642:Archived 2624:21 March 1637:Archived 1604:28 April 1579:21 March 1538:21 March 1532:Archived 1508:28 April 1262:See also 950:Eastbank 911:Westbank 532:(1887), 528:(1879), 353:pea-soup 328:people. 326:Ugarapul 259:Brisbane 41:Location 3543:Commons 3311:Kidston 3294:Corella 3204:Solomon 3111:Callide 3019:Borumba 965:chimney 791:During 669:leeches 530:Warwick 338:Ipswich 323:Yuggera 309:History 282:tramway 174:station 3189:Paluma 3164:Bamboo 3081:Wuruma 3076:Placer 3009:Boobir 2953:Leslie 2855:Maroon 2686:under 973:sashes 969:facade 875:Chuwar 755:, and 713:salmon 679:, and 664:mullet 448:Tivoli 255:Chuwar 165:650236 3024:Cania 2933:Cooby 2900:Wappa 2875:Poona 2835:Hinze 1573:(PDF) 1566:(PDF) 1129:Views 1017:gable 979:with 906:Views 601:Kholo 179:Theme 110:1941) 106:Built 3232:Ibis 2760:and 2758:Dams 2626:2013 2478:used 1670:2015 1645:2015 1606:2021 1581:2013 1540:2013 1510:2021 695:and 638:The 500:and 357:alum 170:Type 146:Type 2742:in 718:As 667:of 540:at 3561:: 2612:. 2501:^ 2180:^ 2126:^ 1961:^ 1776:^ 1635:. 1631:. 1597:. 1548:^ 1526:. 1498:. 1317:^ 1097:c. 983:. 859:10 846:10 836:10 823:10 815:. 759:, 751:, 687:, 675:, 245:, 241:, 52:, 48:, 2732:e 2725:t 2718:v 2628:. 1647:. 1608:. 1583:. 1542:. 1512:. 863:^ 857:× 850:^ 844:× 840:^ 834:× 827:^ 821:×

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