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the refuge and the pass. In 1990, Anatoli
Boukreev set a record by climbing from the refuge to the eastern summit in a time of 1 hour and 47 minutes. In 2005, with the growing enthusiasm for extreme sports and the increase in the number of mountaineers in Russia, this tradition was relaunched and a new race was organized between Bochki and the western summit. In 2006, the best mountaineers from the former Soviet republics participated in the competition: Denis Urubko from Kazakhstan, Sergei Seliverstov and Alexander Kerimov from Kyrgyzstan, and Sergei Sourmonin from Russia. For the first time, one of the routes offers a height difference of over 3,000 metres, starting at the Azaou glades at an altitude of 2,400 metres and arriving at the western summit. Denis Ouroubko sets a time of 3 hours 55 minutes and 58 seconds on this course. On the route starting from the Garabachi huts, Svetlana Sharipova is the best female with a time of 3 hours 21 minutes and 29 seconds.
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1312:. The project took 45 days in total. They were able to drive the vehicle as high as the mountain huts at The Barrels (3,800 metres (12,500 ft)), but above this they used a pulley system to raise it most of the way. On the way down, a driver lost control of the vehicle and had to jump out. Although he survived the accident, the vehicle crashed onto the rocks and remains below the summit to this day.
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Malka river where it is possible to discover the Sultan Falls from a height of forty metres near the sources. the Jilasu, then connects
Khourzouk after the Bourountach pass (3,072 m), and finally crosses the Oullou-Kam river, the Khoti Outaou pass (3,456 m), the Azaou glacier to descend to Terskol and finally return to the point of departure.
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hour and a half walk, at an altitude of 4,157 metres, is the Diesel refuge, offering 50 places and built in 2001 on the site of the former refuge of the 11 accidentally burned down on Aug 16, 1998. After an additional two hours of walking, the normal route passes close to the
Pastoukhov rocks, which can be reached by a
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It is possible to go around Mount Elbrus. The easiest route takes between eight and ten days of hiking, with the crossing of several glaciers and the crossing of many passes. It starts from the village of Baksan in the Kirtyk valley, then passes through the
Kirtykaouch pass (3,242 m), descends to the
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Regular competitions began to take place in 2005, with a choice of two routes: the "classic" climb from "Barrels" at 3,708 m (12,165 ft) to the western summit (5,642 m (18,510 ft)) and a long climb, from the Azau Meadow at 2,350 m (7,710 ft) to the same summit. In 2006,
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In
September 2012, an emergency shelter is installed on the "saddle" of Elbrus, between the eastern summit and the western summit, station EG 5300. It was then the highest mountain refuge in Europe. However, the shelter was destroyed by winds in December of the same year. In 2013, a new, more modest
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During Soviet times, Mount Elbrus was home to climbing speed competitions and was training for national
Himalayan expeditions (1982 and 1989). The best mountaineers tested their endurance during this prestigious event. In September 1987, Vladimir Balyberdine organized the first official race between
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Another route leads to the summit from
Kioukiourtliou-Kolbachi (4,639 m) via the Dome of Koupol at 4,912 meters, on the western side of the mountain. This route, much longer, is accessible either from the first section of the cable car by crossing the moraines in a north-west direction via the Khoti
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In
December 2006, the first section of the cable car was modernized to meet safety requirements, thanks to the construction of a new cable car in parallel with the existing one. In August 2009, a new cable car was built to reach the second section. On 27 December 2015, the gondola to go up the third
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Elbrus is an almost symmetrical dormant volcano, in a vertical plane, with two main peaks, on either side of a pass located at 5,416 metres above sea level: the western summit is the highest point at 5,642 metres above sea level. while the eastern summit rises to 5,621 meters. The crater, 300 to 400
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The normal route, on the southern slope, is the easiest, the safest and the fastest, by using the ski lifts to the
Garabachi 36 refuges offering 11 cylindrical cabins (the "barrels") of 6 beds each and a total of 80 berths, with water from the melting glacier in summer, and electric heating. At an
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In 1997, two
Swedish adventurers, mountaineerings and skiers Jon Wilhelmsson (1976, Ockelbo, Sweden) and Niklas summited Mount Elbrus, executing a remarkable descent using the Telemark skiing technique. Whether they were the first foreign skiers to achieve this feat remains uncertain. No
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on the mountain, which look fresh, and roughly 260 square kilometres (100 sq mi) of volcanic debris. The longest flow extends 24 kilometres (15 mi) down the northeast summit, indicative of a large eruption. There are other signs of activity on the volcano, including
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travel agency built yet another structure a little above the "Priyut 11" site at 4,200 metres, covered in aluminium siding. It was meant to accommodate western tourists, who were encouraged to climb Mount Elbrus in commercial, guided tours to bring in foreign currency.
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A fourth equestrian ascent took place on 4 September 2020 (see photo below). Two Karachai horsemen, Ramazan Alchakov and Abrek Ediev, and their Russian friend Ivan Kulaga, together with the two Karachai horses Almaz and Dzhigit, reached the western summit.
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On 16 August 1998, this hut burned down after a cooking stove fell over. After that, the new "Diesel hut" was built in the summer of 2001 a few metres below its ruins, so called because it is located at the site of the former diesel generator station.
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A fifth equestrian ascent took place on 23 September 2020 by the Karachai horseman Taulan Achabaev and his cousin Rustam Achabaev, together with the stallion Bahr, reaching the higher western summit accompanied by the Balkar guide Aslan Altuev.
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single-seater which then makes it possible to avoid an hour's walk for hikers to the Garabachi huts, at an altitude of 3,847 metres. Built in the late 1970s, it is 1,000 metres long, with a drop of 250 metres.
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1208:. The Nazi swastika was placed on the summit of Mount Elbrus on 21 August 1942. A possibly apocryphal story tells of a Soviet pilot being given a medal for bombing the main mountaineering hut,
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Other routes by the east from the valley, the glacier and the Iryk pass (3,667 m), or by the north are possible but are more hazardous due to the absence or obsolescence of the installations.
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In addition, there is accommodation for six people each at the end of the short chairlift above the second cableway section. Painted red and white, these horizontal steel cylinders (called
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A third equestrian ascent took place in 2019, by the Karachai horseman Aslan Khubiev with the Karachai horses Boz and Damly, helped by the Balkar guides Aslan Altuev and Askhat Guzoev.
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and until the early 2010s, travel to Mount Elbrus became increasingly dangerous due to economic problems, armed conflicts in various republics of Caucasus, and later due to the
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In 1929, eleven scientists erected a small hut at 4,160 metres and called it "Priyut 11" ("Refuge of the 11"). At the same site, a larger hut for 40 people was built in 1932.
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still sometimes escape from the eastern flank of Elbrus, at the level of the ancient lava flow of 24 kilometers long oriented from the crater to the north-northeast, and
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The fastest times by a woman on the long route were set by Diana Zelenova (4:30:12 for the ascent in 2017) and Oksana Stefanishina (6:25:23 for the full race in 2015).
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Landser took photos of them on the summit from August 1942 to February 1943 and the Abwehr and Caucasian Germans were active in that area, until November 1943.
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by many mountaineers on their way to the summit. Besides the "barrels", there are several container-bases accommodation between about 3,800 and 4,200 metres.
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which is close to being the highest toilet in Europe, at 4,200 m (13,800 ft), next to the old, burnt-out Priyut Hut. The title was conferred by
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emergency shelter, capable of accommodating four to six people, was built 300 metres from the EG 5300 station, by the Russian Mountaineering Federation.
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metres in diameter, located at the top of the eastern peak, was gradually filled with snow and ice. The snowfields of the volcano, covering an area of
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A second equestrian climb was made in August 1999 by the same Karachai riders, with a Karachai horse (Igilik), reaching the higher western summit.
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1455:. Currently, Mount Elbrus is steadily becoming an important destination of domestic Russian tourism, with 424,000 visitors to the area in 2020.
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Ivan Kulaga, Ramazan Alchakov and Abrek Ediev (L-R) and their horses Dzhigit and Almaz, on the western summit of Mount Elbrus, 4 September 2020.
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The record time for the full race, ascent and descent, of the long route is 4:20:45, set on 7 May 2017 by the Swiss-Ecuadorian mountain guide
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Outaou pass then obliquely towards the summit, or from the Khourzouk valley. There is no refuge but the terrain is more suitable for camping.
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In June 2022, the US State Department advised citizens not to travel to Mount Elbrus, due to terrorism, kidnapping, and risk of civil unrest.
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the general. Nazi swastikas were removed by USSR army mountaineers on 13 and 17 February 1943. Mt. Elbrus was briefly incorporated into the
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became a popular sport of the populace, and there was tremendous traffic on the mountain. On 17 March 1936, a group of 33 inexperienced
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Elbrus started to form there 10 million years ago. The ejecta from the volcano covers an area of 260 km. Fragments of rhyolite and
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In October 2021, Kazakh scientist Aida Tabelinova climbed Mount Elbrus as part of an international expedition led by Youth Club of the
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Not much later, this hut was converted into a mountain barracks, serving as a base, first for Soviet and later German troops in the
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program "Polish Winter Himalayism 2010–2015", the Polish Mountaineering Association sent a 13-person team for training purposes.
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to situate the formation of the main caldera around −700,000 years, probably corresponding to the end of a major eruptive cycle.
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magazine following a 1993 search and article. The "outhouse" is surrounded by and covered in ice, perched on the end of a rock.
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Mount Elbrus was formed more than 2.5 million years ago. The volcano is currently considered dormant. Elbrus was active in the
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if the -3 C isotherm is used) with hot, moderately wet summers and cold, somewhat dry winters. It is on the border between a
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was built in 1933 in the saddle between the two summits but collapsed after only a few years. Its remains can still be seen.
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members attempted the mountain and ended up suffering four fatalities when they slipped on the ice and fell to their deaths.
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that causes numerous earthquakes in the region. The fault zone is complex and the large lateral displacement at the level of
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Strobilus—Elbruz we now call it—is still there, lifting its great pinecone-shaped mass over the crest of the central chain.
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1220:, "Refuge of the 11"), while it was occupied. He was later nominated for a medal for not hitting the hut, but instead, the
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Prometheus was chained in the Caucasus as a punishment for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to mankind.) Arrian's
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to promote humanitarian cooperation. In 2020 a charity climb for the Global Relief Trust by British Bangladeshi climber
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and Iran prevents the creation of a subduction phenomenon and explains the rarity of volcanoes in the mountain range.
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2617:"Kazakh Scientist Climbs Elbrus With International Expedition to Make Geomaps, Promote Humanitarian Cooperation"
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The first race on Elbrus took place in 1990, with Soviet and American climbers competing. The race was won by
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were the first in history to climb Mount Elbrus with horses. The horses were Imbir, Daur and Khurzuk, of the
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use the name "Uash-ha Makhua" which means "The mountain of happiness", The name "Mingi Taw" used by
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documented instances of earlier Telemark descents from Mount Elbrus by foreigners have been found.
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section was put into service, thus becoming the second-highest gondola in Europe after that of
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at its top, he reportedly flew into a rage, called the achievement a "stunt" and threatened to
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and a length of 9.31 km. This glacial activity has formed numerous small but deep lakes.
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2642:"Chadderton mountaineer sets UK record for mountain climb - days after getting over COVID-19"
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from the Valais canton and guide Ahiya Sottaiev. During the early years of the Soviet Union,
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system was built in stages that can take visitors as high as 3,800 metres (12,500 ft).
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There are a wide variety of routes up the mountain, but the normal route, which is free of
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man named Khillar Khashirov, and the western summit in 1874 by a British expedition led by
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2672:[In 2020, 424 thousand people visited the Elbrus region in Kabardino-Balkaria].
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2013:. 1:50,000 with mountaineering information. EWP Map Guides. Cartography by EWP. 2007.
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occupied the area, surrounding the mountain from August 1942 to February 1943 with
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climate, at average temperature 72 F (22 C) in July and August. The summit has an
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Mount Elbrus as a whole is warm/hot-summer humid continental (or at the border of
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fuel supply, leaving the hut standing for future generations. When news reached
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2480:"Interview with Boris Tilov - the Chief of the rescue service of Elbrus region"
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Makunin, Yuri (14 February 2002). "Война на Эльбрусе" [War on Elbrus].
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in Switzerland; which is 3,883 m high. Its capacity is 750 people per hour.
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In 2016, the Russian climbers Artyom Kuimov and Sergey Baranov entered the
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by 400 mountaineers to mark the 400th anniversary of the incorporation of
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denotes rotating or twisted objects such as a spinning top or a pinecone.
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2670:"За 2020 год Приэльбрусье в Кабардино-Балкарии посетили 424 тыс. человек"
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rising 5,642 m (18,510 ft) above sea level, and is the highest
2763:"International Center for Astronomical, Medical and Ecological Research"
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In 1997 a team led by the Russian mountaineer Alexander Abramov took a
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Until the mid-2000s, the first section was provided by the Elbrouz-1
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The lower of the two summits was first ascended on 22 July [
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Topographic map and three-dimensional animations representing Elbrus
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3047:"Horses on Elbrus (5642 m) Лошади карачаевской породы на Эльбрусе"
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set a new long course record of 3 hours, 23 minutes, 37 seconds.
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has revealed subsequent synchronous eruptive cycles in different
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and the guides Peter Knubel and 22 July 1829 by Killar Khashirov
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2428:"Russian Army Repels Hitler's Forces: August 1942-January 1943"
2225:"7 (or 8) Summits: The World's Highest Mountains by Continent"
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2172:. Green Forest: New Leaf Publishing Group, Inc. p. 83.
1148:
10 July] 1829 by Khillar Khachirov, a guide for an
1922:
1920:
637:
625:
1558:
Mount Elbrus is said to be home to the 'world's nastiest'
3004:. There are a few discontinuities due to incomplete data.
1256:
encouraged ascents of Elbrus, and in 1956 it was climbed
1116:, was later identified as Elbrus by some writers such as
877:
The Caucasus is formed by the northward collision of the
836:
are required south of Baksan because of border controls.
804:
Elbrus is located 65 kilometres southwest of the city of
2851:"New records on SkyMarathon® - Mt. Elbrus, 2350-5642 m!"
1729:
nevertheless consider Egloff's ascent a record as well.
1707:
won the long ascent in 3 hours, 55 minutes, 59 seconds.
1466:
against climbing the mountain, as well as travel to the
865:
and a length of 9.28 km, and Irik, with an area of
2556:"Квадроцикл на вершине Эльбруса: новый мировой рекорд!"
1865:
2558:[ATV on top of Elbrus: a new world record!].
1839:
1766:
640:
196:
2007:"Mount Elbrus and Upper Baksan Valley Map and Guide"
900:
formations have been found and have been allowed by
801:. It is the highest peak in both Russia and Europe.
634:
631:
628:
4626:
4591:
4328:
4225:
4145:
4019:
3963:
3927:
3689:
3637:
3594:
3530:
3471:
3452:
3433:
3414:
3395:
3376:
3357:
3292:
3271:
3250:
3243:
3224:
3199:
3178:
3171:
3152:
3133:
3114:
3095:
622:
510:
492:
487:
473:
460:
450:
445:
435:
417:
401:
393:
215:
159:
154:
115:
91:
77:
67:
62:
45:
2727:"The pinnacle of success—and—disgust—for climbers"
2136:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names
1742:List of highest points of Russian federal subjects
793:, it is on the border of the Russian republics of
314:Location of Mount Elbrus within Kabardino-Balkaria
248:Location of Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus Mountains
1615:take visitors up to an altitude of 3,847 metres.
1439:was completed without using supplemental oxygen.
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
736:may be interpreted as "watch" or "guard", from
181:
2938:Standard Encyclopedia of the World's Mountains
1283:Since 1986, Elbrus has been incorporated into
1228:that a detachment of mountaineers was sent by
4306:
3508:
3335:
3073:
2170:The Summit: Faith Beyond Everest's Death Zone
2034:
2032:
2030:
1827:
1308:to the summit of the East Peak, entering the
1213:
1085:: "… as we turned from Astelphos toward
166:
8:
1638:The ski resort is busiest in April and May.
1389:In August 1998 a group of climbers from the
828:, which is accessed by the A158 road out of
2831:[Poles are the fastest on Elbrus].
2695:
2693:
2191:
2189:
773:Elbrus is situated in the northwest of the
4755:Highest points of Russian federal subjects
4313:
4299:
4291:
3515:
3501:
3493:
3342:
3328:
3320:
3247:
3175:
3080:
3066:
3058:
3016:Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus Range (November 2002)
42:
2804:
2802:
2562:(in Russian). 4 July 2016. Archived from
2505:"Land Rover Defender climbs Mount Elbrus"
2048:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
1377:Learn how and when to remove this message
1081:mentioned a summit in the Caucasus named
924:originate on the slopes of the mountain.
2473:
2471:
1413:
703:("high"), the reconstructed ancestor of
2869:"Vitaliy Shkel's new great achievement"
2615:Bulatkulova, Saniya (21 October 2021).
2336:The Exploration of the Caucasus, Vol. 1
2320:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
2133:Everett-Heath, John (24 October 2019).
1899:
1819:
1773:
699:is the feminine form of the adjective *
2986:
2976:
2896:
2894:
347:Location of Mount Elbrus within Europe
281:Location of Mount Elbrus within Russia
2827:Karnecki, Marek (24 September 2010).
1848:
1747:List of elevation extremes by country
1152:scientific expedition led by General
1008:, all of which are colder in winter).
441:Elbrus and Upper Baksan Valley by EWP
380:Location of Mount Elbrus on the Earth
16:Highest mountain of Russia and Europe
7:
2997:Computer generated summit panoramas
2528:"Chapter 7: The wild side of Elbrus"
2478:Trubachof, Alex (19 November 2005).
2198:"Getting to the Top In the Caucasus"
2145:10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001
1359:adding citations to reliable sources
1319:by reaching the summit of Elbrus on
1266:Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
808:and 80 kilometers west-southwest of
555:in the world. It is situated in the
367:
334:
301:
268:
235:
2909:International Skyrunning Federation
1727:International Skyrunning Federation
3022:"Mt. Elbrus Expedition Dispatches"
2278:University of North Carolina Press
1124:(1896). Freshfield called Elbrus "
832:, lies on its southeastern flank.
816:, known to Russians as either the
14:
2705:United States Department of State
2511:. 18 January 2004. Archived from
2398:"Mount Elbrus: The end of an era"
1956:"Topographic map of Mount Elbrus"
1460:United States Department of State
1160:and including Frederick Gardner,
597:and including Frederick Gardner,
574:, and is the highest peak of the
57:Mount Elbrus, seen from the north
4740:Five-thousanders of the Caucasus
4730:Mountains of Karachay-Cherkessia
3285:(4,509 m or 14,793 ft)
3264:(4,884 m or 16,024 ft)
3236:(4,892 m or 16,050 ft)
3213:(4,810 m or 15,781 ft)
3192:(5,642 m or 18,510 ft)
3164:(5,893 m or 19,334 ft)
3145:(6,198 m or 20,335 ft)
3126:(6,962 m or 22,841 ft)
3107:(8,848 m or 29,029 ft)
2875:. 24 August 2014. Archived from
1800:
1788:
1776:
1710:On 24 September 2010, under the
1468:North Caucasian Federal District
1335:
1038:
1029:
1020:
812:. By road it is accessible from
648:seems to have a connection with
618:
366:
359:
333:
326:
300:
293:
267:
260:
234:
227:
51:
4705:Stratovolcanoes of the Caucasus
4695:Mountains of Kabardino-Balkaria
3524:Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe
3483:(4,285 m / 14,058 ft)
3464:(4,367 m / 14,327 ft)
3445:(5,610 m / 18,406 ft)
3426:(5,636 m / 18,491 ft)
3407:(5,642 m / 18,510 ft)
3388:(5,895 m / 19,341 ft)
3369:(6,893 m / 22,615 ft)
3306:(2,228 m or 7,310 ft)
2526:Horrell, Mark (9 August 2013).
2196:Tomb, Howard (27 August 1989).
1913:. World Book, Inc. p. 317.
1470:in general, due to the risk of
1346:needs additional citations for
1122:The Exploration of the Caucasus
1077:, written in Greek in ca. 130,
3045:KKCTebouTV (3 November 2012).
2911:. 29 July 2017. Archived from
2829:"Polacy najszybsi na Elbrusie"
1928:"Image of the Day: Mt. Elbrus"
1546:), are used as a base and for
1317:Guinness Book of World Records
317:Show map of Kabardino-Balkaria
251:Show map of Caucasus Mountains
1:
3026:Berg Adventures International
2678:(in Russian). 21 January 2021
2381:[Tragedy on Elbrus].
691:, and into Modern Persian as
83:4,741 m (15,554 ft)
73:5,642 m (18,510 ft)
2725:Flinn, John (9 April 2006).
2333:Freshfield, Douglas (1902).
2314:Smith, William, ed. (1854).
1883:
1866:
1576:The Terskol Observatory, an
1429:Russian Geographical Society
961:As Elbrus is located in the
781:and 370 kilometres from the
756:means "Eternal Mountain" in
585:, both of which are dormant
4760:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
4745:Highest points of countries
2835:(in Polish). Archived from
2358:"στρόβιλος (ancient Greek)"
2139:. Oxford University Press.
2082:Central Intelligence Agency
1910:The World Book Encyclopedia
1840:
1752:List of volcanoes in Russia
1474:and political instability.
658:. The name is derived from
4781:
1875:
1858:
1688:
1591:
1391:Karachai-Cherkess Republic
1268:where Elbrus was located.
1140:First Ascents (1829–1930s)
1074:Periplus of the Euxine Sea
789:, marking the border with
787:Greater Caucasus Watershed
777:, 100 kilometres from the
683:, which was reformed into
667:, a legendary mountain in
197:
182:
33:
18:
4725:Stratovolcanoes of Russia
4275:Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer
2446:Hitler: Nemesis 1936–1945
1981:"Mount Elbrus Map Sample"
1828:
1453:North Caucasus insurgency
1289:Protected areas of Russia
1285:Prielbrusye National Park
1271:Between 1959 and 1976, a
1214:
1132:. The ancient Greek word
1128:-shaped" for the sake of
553:tenth-most prominent peak
547:in the supercontinent of
220:
167:
50:
4765:Holocene stratovolcanoes
4750:Climbing areas of Russia
4720:Extreme points of Russia
4322:Highest points of Europe
3531:Scandinavia & Arctic
2701:"Russia Travel Advisory"
2339:(2nd ed.). London:
2168:Alexander, Eric (2010).
2045:Global Volcanism Program
1578:astronomical observatory
1310:Guinness Book of Records
938:Global Volcanism Program
19:Not to be confused with
3010:pages on Mount Elbrus:
2833:Polski Himalaizm Zimowy
2731:San Francisco Chronicle
936:, and according to the
906:Geochronological dating
500:Florence Crauford Grove
498:(West summit) 1874, by
36:Elbrus (disambiguation)
4715:Volcanic Seven Summits
4373:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3884:Grande Tête de l'Obiou
3654:Roque de los Muchachos
3351:Volcanic Seven Summits
3012:Mt. Elbrus (July 2003)
3008:NASA Earth Observatory
2379:"Трагедия на Эльбрусе"
1933:NASA Earth Observatory
1762:Volcanic Seven Summits
1603:
1594:Elbrus climbing routes
1525:Battle of the Caucasus
1497:
1490:
1419:
1190:Battle of the Caucasus
1068:
1063:Satellite view of the
725:("high", "tall"), and
102:Volcanic Seven Summits
4639:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
4146:Mediterranean islands
3829:Grigna Settentrionale
2745:"Terskol Observatory"
1601:
1496:
1488:
1417:
1206:1st Mountain Division
1150:Imperial Russian army
1097:on Zeus' order". (In
1062:
910:focimagmatic deposits
502:, Frederick Gardner,
139:43.35500°N 42.43917°E
2434:. 11 September 2007.
2115:Encyclopædia Iranica
1515:In 1939, the Soviet
1449:collapse of the USSR
1355:improve this article
896:as well as tuff and
601:and the Swiss guide
518:Basic snow/ice climb
34:For other uses, see
4735:Volcanoes of Russia
4595:limited recognition
4195:Other Greek islands
2918:on 9 December 2017.
2902:"Best performances"
2879:on 30 December 2014
2566:on 13 February 2017
2532:Elbrus By Any Means
2461:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
2408:on 19 February 2015
2273:Arrian of Nicomedia
1554:Priyut Hut outhouse
1306:Land Rover Defender
1002:St. Paul, Minnesota
963:Northern Hemisphere
902:uranium-lead dating
826:Nationalpark Elbrus
799:Karachay-Cherkessia
412:Karachay-Cherkessia
135: /
3659:Pico de las Nieves
3586:Mount Kruzenshtern
2855:Redfox Elbrus Race
2586:"Traces of Elbrus"
2515:on 6 January 2008.
2302:French translation
2268:Stadter, Philip A.
2203:The New York Times
2077:CIA World Factbook
1850:[elʲˈbrus]
1604:
1580:with the IAU code
1498:
1491:
1433:Rossotrudnichestvo
1420:
1262:Kabardino-Balkaria
1244:from 1944 - 1956.
1118:Douglas Freshfield
1069:
814:European route E50
795:Kabardino-Balkaria
710:("high", "peak"),
576:Caucasus Mountains
564:Kabardino-Balkaria
430:Caucasus Mountains
408:Kabardino-Balkaria
350:Show map of Europe
284:Show map of Russia
144:43.35500; 42.43917
106:Country high point
63:Highest point
4700:Dormant volcanoes
4682:
4681:
4632:other territories
4288:
4287:
3975:Gerlachovský štít
3697:
3558:Store Lenangstind
3490:
3489:
3385:Mount Kilimanjaro
3317:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3220:
3219:
3161:Mount Kilimanjaro
3038:Geographic Bureau
2979:cite encyclopedia
2940:. New York City:
2839:on 8 August 2013.
2650:. 16 October 2020
2560:Mountain Guide.ru
2432:Howstuffworks.com
2287:978-0-8078-1364-5
2154:978-0-19-188291-3
2040:"Elbrus: Summary"
2020:978-0-906227-95-4
1881:
1864:
1838:
1489:Refuge of the 11.
1387:
1386:
1379:
1216:Приют одиннадцати
1158:F. Crauford Grove
974:humid subtropical
721:("elegant"), and
669:Iranian mythology
595:F. Crauford Grove
568:western extension
551:, as well as the
522:
521:
383:Show map of Earth
4772:
4330:Sovereign states
4315:
4308:
4301:
4292:
4165:Punta La Marmora
3995:Pietrosul Rodnei
3945:Serra Dolcedorme
3759:Barre des Écrins
3691:
3638:Atlantic islands
3616:Torre de Cerredo
3576:Hvannadalshnúkur
3517:
3510:
3503:
3494:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3321:
3303:Mount Kosciuszko
3248:
3176:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3054:
3041:
3029:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2974:
2964:
2945:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2906:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2814:Russianclimb.com
2810:"Elbrus Records"
2806:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2647:Oldham Chronicle
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2621:The Astana Times
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2596:on 23 April 2021
2592:. Archived from
2590:The Golden Plaza
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2404:. Archived from
2393:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2311:
2305:
2291:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2118:. Archived from
2106:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2036:
2025:
2024:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1907:"Mount Elbrus".
1904:
1887:
1886:
1880:romanized:
1879:
1877:
1869:
1863:romanized:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1697:Anatoli Boukreev
1458:As of 2019, the
1382:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1339:
1331:
1219:
1218:
1184:Second World War
1065:Western Caucasus
1042:
1033:
1024:
928:Eruptive history
914:Greater Caucasus
868:
864:
848:
758:Turkic languages
647:
646:
643:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
557:southern Russian
529:highest mountain
514:
421:
384:
370:
369:
363:
351:
337:
336:
330:
318:
304:
303:
297:
285:
271:
270:
264:
252:
238:
237:
231:
208:
200:
199:
193:
185:
184:
178:
170:
169:
150:
149:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
133:
132:
131:
128:
55:
43:
4780:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4631:
4622:
4613:Northern Cyprus
4594:
4587:
4503:North Macedonia
4324:
4319:
4289:
4284:
4265:Mount Dyultydag
4221:
4141:
4015:
3959:
3923:
3859:Jôf di Montasio
3739:Hoher Dachstein
3685:
3633:
3590:
3526:
3521:
3491:
3486:
3467:
3448:
3429:
3423:Pico de Orizaba
3410:
3391:
3372:
3366:Ojos del Salado
3353:
3348:
3318:
3309:
3288:
3267:
3239:
3216:
3195:
3167:
3148:
3129:
3110:
3091:
3086:
3044:
3034:"Elbrus Region"
3032:
3020:
2985:
2975:
2967:
2955:
2952:
2934:Huxley, Anthony
2932:
2929:
2927:Further reading
2924:
2923:
2915:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2882:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2541:978-1-301665822
2525:
2524:
2520:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2443:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2288:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2179:978-1-614580232
2167:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2122:on 27 May 2007.
2108:
2107:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2052:on 9 April 2009
2038:
2037:
2028:
2021:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1962:
1960:opentopomap.org
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1872:Karachay-Balkar
1845:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1738:
1716:Andrzej Bargiel
1693:
1687:
1644:
1609:
1596:
1590:
1574:
1556:
1548:acclimatization
1503:
1483:
1464:travel advisory
1445:
1425:
1383:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1352:
1340:
1329:
1302:
1297:
1295:Special ascents
1281:
1250:
1186:
1154:Georgi Emmanuel
1142:
1099:Greek mythology
1057:
1055:Greek mythology
1052:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1015:
990:ice-cap climate
959:
930:
875:
866:
862:
846:
842:
771:
766:
705:Modern Ossetian
621:
617:
611:
581:Elbrus has two
541:dormant volcano
512:
428:
419:
403:Federal subject
389:
388:
387:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
376:
375:
371:
354:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
343:
342:
338:
321:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
311:
310:
309:
305:
288:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:
272:
255:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:
239:
211:
205:Karachay-Balkar
202:
187:
172:
143:
141:
137:
134:
129:
126:
124:
122:
121:
108:
104:
100:
84:
58:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4778:
4776:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4687:
4686:
4680:
4679:
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4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
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4635:
4633:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4578:United Kingdom
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
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4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Czech Republic
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4326:
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4318:
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4310:
4303:
4295:
4286:
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4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4206:
4201:
4188:
4183:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4077:Pangaion Hills
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3964:Eastern Europe
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3714:Finsteraarhorn
3711:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3674:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3625:Massif Central
3618:
3613:
3608:
3598:
3596:
3595:Western Europe
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3442:Mount Damavand
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3205:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3184:
3182:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3005:
2995:
2987:|website=
2965:
2957:"Mount Elbrus"
2951:
2950:External links
2948:
2947:
2946:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2890:
2873:Elbrusrace.com
2860:
2842:
2819:
2798:
2772:
2754:
2736:
2717:
2689:
2661:
2633:
2607:
2577:
2547:
2540:
2534:. Smashwords.
2518:
2496:
2467:
2450:
2444:Kershaw, Ian.
2437:
2419:
2388:
2377:Kudinov, V.F.
2369:
2349:
2325:
2306:
2286:
2259:
2234:
2229:Britannica.com
2216:
2185:
2178:
2160:
2153:
2125:
2094:
2063:
2026:
2019:
1998:
1987:. 16 June 2007
1972:
1947:
1916:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1867:’Uaschhemakhue
1818:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1689:Main article:
1686:
1683:
1643:
1642:Mountaineering
1640:
1608:
1605:
1592:Main article:
1589:
1586:
1573:
1570:
1555:
1552:
1510:wilderness hut
1502:
1499:
1482:
1481:Infrastructure
1479:
1444:
1441:
1424:
1423:Charity Climbs
1421:
1395:Karachai breed
1385:
1384:
1367:September 2024
1343:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1280:
1277:
1249:
1246:
1185:
1182:
1174:mountaineering
1141:
1138:
1093:was hanged by
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
998:Augusta, Maine
958:
955:
929:
926:
883:Eurasian Plate
874:
871:
841:
838:
834:Access permits
770:
767:
765:
762:
727:Modern Kurdish
712:Modern Persian
685:Middle Persian
673:Harā Bərəzaitī
664:Harā Bərəzaitī
610:
607:
587:volcanic domes
520:
519:
516:
508:
507:
496:
490:
489:
485:
484:
477:
471:
470:
464:
458:
457:
454:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
433:
432:
423:
415:
414:
405:
399:
398:
395:
391:
390:
379:
373:
372:
365:
364:
358:
357:
356:
355:
346:
340:
339:
332:
331:
325:
324:
323:
322:
313:
307:
306:
299:
298:
292:
291:
290:
289:
280:
274:
273:
266:
265:
259:
258:
257:
256:
247:
241:
240:
233:
232:
226:
225:
224:
223:
222:
221:
218:
217:
213:
212:
210:
209:
194:
179:
163:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
119:
113:
112:
95:
89:
88:
81:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4777:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4710:Seven Summits
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:Faroe Islands
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Åland Islands
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4618:South Ossetia
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Liechtenstein
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:Ellmauer Halt
3877:
3875:
3874:Birkkarspitze
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Pointe Percée
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Dents du Midi
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:Gran Paradiso
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Grossglockner
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:North America
3413:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:South America
3356:
3352:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3283:
3282:Mount Wilhelm
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3234:
3233:Vinson Massif
3230:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:North America
3132:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:South America
3113:
3106:
3105:
3104:Mount Everest
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:Seven Summits
3083:
3078:
3076:
3071:
3069:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3053:(in Russian).
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2980:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2857:. 7 May 2017.
2856:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2749:Wikimapia.org
2746:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2608:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2464:(in Russian).
2463:
2462:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2385:(in Russian).
2384:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:. p. 5.
2342:
2341:Edward Arnold
2338:
2337:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1936:. 7 July 2003
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1873:
1868:
1856:
1851:
1842:
1836:
1826:Russian:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:Seven Summits
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1708:
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1462:has issued a
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1443:Travel safety
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1349:
1344:This section
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1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1299:
1294:
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1287:, one of the
1286:
1279:National park
1278:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:court martial
1235:
1234:swastika flag
1231:
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1211:
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1203:
1199:
1195:
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1163:
1162:Horace Walker
1159:
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949:activity and
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903:
899:
895:
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880:
879:Arabian Plate
872:
870:
860:
856:
852:
851:Baksan rivers
839:
837:
835:
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823:
819:
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796:
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763:
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747:
744:("protect").
743:
739:
738:Indo-European
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731:
728:
724:
720:
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709:
706:
702:
698:
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690:
686:
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599:Horace Walker
596:
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588:
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561:
558:
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550:
546:
545:stratovolcano
542:
538:
534:
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526:
517:
515:
513:Easiest route
509:
505:
504:Horace Walker
501:
497:
495:
491:
486:
482:
478:
476:
475:Last eruption
472:
468:
467:Stratovolcano
465:
463:
462:Mountain type
459:
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438:
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426:Lateral Range
424:
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98:Seven Summits
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44:
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37:
30:
26:
22:
4628:Dependencies
4583:Vatican City
4527:
4234:
4212:
4194:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4137:Psili Koryfi
4006:
3998:
3980:Parângu Mare
3970:
3935:Corno Grande
3909:Zirbitzkogel
3899:Grand Combin
3824:Großer Priel
3734:Dufourspitze
3676:
3667:
3644:
3629:Puy de Sancy
3624:
3601:
3581:Newtontoppen
3566:
3548:Jiehkkevárri
3538:Galdhøpiggen
3480:Mount Sidley
3478:
3461:Mount Giluwe
3459:
3440:
3421:
3404:Mount Elbrus
3403:
3402:
3383:
3364:
3301:
3280:
3259:
3231:
3208:
3189:Mount Elbrus
3188:
3187:
3180:Conventional
3159:
3140:
3121:
3102:
3050:
3037:
3025:
2970:Mount Elbrus
2969:
2960:
2937:
2913:the original
2908:
2881:. Retrieved
2877:the original
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2837:the original
2832:
2822:
2813:
2789:. Retrieved
2787:(in Swedish)
2784:
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2757:
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2739:
2730:
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2708:. Retrieved
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2680:. Retrieved
2673:
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2652:. Retrieved
2645:
2636:
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2620:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:the original
2589:
2580:
2568:. Retrieved
2564:the original
2559:
2550:
2531:
2521:
2513:the original
2509:ExplorersWeb
2508:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2459:
2453:
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2431:
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2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2401:
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2335:
2328:
2319:
2309:
2300:, § 16, and
2293:
2292:Cf. Arrian,
2272:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2201:
2169:
2163:
2135:
2128:
2120:the original
2113:
2085:. Retrieved
2075:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2050:the original
2043:
2010:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1950:
1938:. Retrieved
1931:
1908:
1902:
1859:Ӏуащхьэмахуэ
1822:
1731:
1720:
1712:Artur Hajzer
1709:
1705:Denis Urubko
1701:
1694:
1679:
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1602:South route.
1575:
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1533:
1529:World War II
1522:
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1504:
1476:
1457:
1446:
1426:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1388:
1373:
1364:
1353:Please help
1348:verification
1345:
1314:
1303:
1282:
1270:
1257:
1254:Soviet Union
1251:
1242:Georgian SSR
1226:Adolf Hitler
1209:
1202:Gebirgsjäger
1194:World War II
1187:
1170:Peter Knubel
1143:
1133:
1121:
1113:
1106:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1006:Boise, Idaho
993:
984:
978:
967:
960:
931:
891:
881:against the
876:
867:10.2 km
843:
822:R217 highway
803:
772:
741:
733:
729:
722:
718:
714:
707:
700:
696:
692:
688:
680:
672:
663:
649:
614:
612:
603:Peter Knubel
580:
525:Mount Elbrus
524:
523:
494:First ascent
420:Parent range
374:Mount Elbrus
341:Mount Elbrus
308:Mount Elbrus
275:Mount Elbrus
242:Mount Elbrus
183:Ӏуащхьэмахуэ
168:Гора Эльбрус
46:Mount Elbrus
40:
25:Mount Elbert
21:Mount Erebus
4664:Isle of Man
4593:States with
4563:Switzerland
4498:Netherlands
4082:Kajmakčalan
3971:Carpathians
3919:Cima Brenta
3799:Chamechaude
3789:Cima Dodici
3563:Sarektjåkkå
3261:Puncak Jaya
3201:Alternative
2883:29 December
2767:Terskol.com
2626:13 December
2570:15 February
2316:"Strobilus"
2247:www.msn.com
2209:13 November
2087:22 February
2056:25 February
1723:Karl Egloff
1691:Elbrus Race
1685:Elbrus Race
1572:Observatory
1437:Akke Rahman
1327:With horses
1230:Hubert Lanz
1188:During the
951:hot springs
922:hot springs
847:138 km
818:M29 highway
783:Caspian Sea
746:Circassians
681:Harā Bṛzatī
572:Ciscaucasia
452:Age of rock
160:Native name
142: /
117:Coordinates
86:Ranked 10th
4689:Categories
4533:San Marino
4493:Montenegro
4473:Luxembourg
4453:Kazakhstan
4358:Azerbaijan
4250:Tebulosmta
4102:Këndrevica
4003:Roman-Kosh
3985:Moldoveanu
3839:Presanella
3719:Wildspitze
3704:Mont Blanc
3571:Beerenberg
3567:On islands
3543:Kebnekaise
3472:Antarctica
3225:Antarctica
3210:Mont Blanc
2961:SummitPost
2791:17 January
2781:"Artiklar"
2484:SummitPost
2363:Wiktionary
2298:Greek text
2252:26 October
1894:References
1656:snowmobile
1588:Activities
1542:, Russian
1447:After the
1300:By vehicle
1164:, and the
1095:Hephaistos
1091:Prometheus
1087:Dioscurias
947:solfataric
942:lava flows
898:ignimbrite
894:rhyodacite
863:23 km
840:Topography
806:Kislovodsk
732:("high").
717:("high"),
591:Circassian
539:. It is a
483:± 50 years
130:42°26′21″E
127:43°21′18″N
79:Prominence
4659:Gibraltar
4468:Lithuania
4270:Kaputjugh
4240:Bazardüzü
4186:Lefka Ori
4112:Parnassus
4011:Narodnaya
3928:Apennines
3904:Tournette
3819:Grintovec
3804:Zugspitze
3744:Marmolada
3729:Hochkönig
3273:Political
3252:Continent
3244:Australia
3123:Aconcagua
2989:ignored (
2682:26 August
1884:Mingi taw
1876:Минги тау
1855:Kabardian
1835:romanized
1783:Geography
1648:crevasses
1624:chairlift
1620:cable car
1613:ski lifts
1607:Ski lifts
1517:Intourist
1472:terrorism
1273:cable car
1248:Post-WWII
1204:from the
1198:Wehrmacht
1134:strobilos
1130:etymology
1114:Strobilus
1111:Latinized
1107:Strobilos
1083:Strobilos
918:fumaroles
779:Black Sea
769:Situation
764:Geography
750:Karachays
719:berāzande
675:reflects
613:The name
609:Etymology
469:(dormant)
216:Geography
198:Минги тау
190:Kabardian
69:Elevation
4674:Svalbard
4649:Guernsey
4603:Abkhazia
4548:Slovenia
4543:Slovakia
4518:Portugal
4378:Bulgaria
4260:Dykh-Tau
4227:Caucasus
4211:—
4197::
4193:—
4175:—
4167:—
4161:Sardinia
4159:—
4127:Valamara
4097:Jakupica
4087:Smolikas
4042:Taygetus
4005:—
3997:—
3950:Montalto
3894:Grimming
3849:Col Nudo
3844:Birnhorn
3666:—
3645:Canaries
3623:—
3621:Almanzor
3606:Mulhacén
3565:—
3553:Snøhetta
3294:Mainland
2936:(1962).
2785:Freeride
2710:25 March
2383:Poxod.ru
2294:Periplus
2270:(2017).
2110:"Alborz"
2072:"Russia"
1965:14 April
1736:See also
1560:outhouse
1258:en masse
1178:Komsomol
1126:pinecone
992:(Köppen
934:Holocene
887:Anatolia
775:Caucasus
560:republic
488:Climbing
437:Topo map
4573:Ukraine
4523:Romania
4483:Moldova
4443:Ireland
4438:Iceland
4433:Hungary
4423:Germany
4418:Georgia
4408:Finland
4403:Estonia
4398:Denmark
4383:Croatia
4368:Belgium
4363:Belarus
4353:Austria
4348:Armenia
4343:Andorra
4338:Albania
4255:Aragats
4217:Olympus
4215::
4209:Fengari
4179::
4171::
4163::
4155::
4153:Corsica
4107:Radomir
4072:Papingu
4062:Kyllini
4052:Jezercë
4032:Olympus
4020:Balkans
4009::
4001::
3990:Peleaga
3973::
3889:Hochtor
3864:Polinik
3834:Bondone
3814:Arcalod
3809:Antelao
3754:Triglav
3724:Bernina
3679::
3677:Madeira
3670::
3664:Malpaso
3647::
3627::
3604::
3569::
3453:Oceania
3051:YouTube
2600:19 July
2009:(Map).
1829:Эльбрус
1769:Portals
1633:Zermatt
1565:Outside
1540:barrels
1501:Refuges
1071:In the
1050:History
970:oceanic
957:Climate
912:of the
873:Geology
820:or the
810:Nalchik
791:Georgia
754:Balkars
708:bærzond
689:Harborz
660:Avestan
583:summits
566:in the
549:Eurasia
527:is the
456:Unknown
446:Geology
394:Country
175:Russian
93:Listing
4669:Jersey
4608:Kosovo
4568:Turkey
4558:Sweden
4538:Serbia
4528:Russia
4513:Poland
4508:Norway
4488:Monaco
4458:Latvia
4428:Greece
4413:France
4388:Cyprus
4245:Kazbek
4235:Elbrus
4213:Cyprus
4169:Sicily
4037:Vihren
4027:Musala
3999:Crimea
3955:Cimone
3769:Ortler
3764:Säntis
3668:Azores
3396:Europe
3377:Africa
3172:Europe
3153:Africa
3142:Denali
2942:Putnam
2654:22 May
2538:
2489:15 May
2412:15 May
2284:
2176:
2151:
2017:
1991:15 May
1940:15 May
1841:Elbrus
1807:Europe
1795:Russia
1611:Three
1544:bochki
1264:, the
1222:German
1210:Priyut
1196:, the
1168:guide
1101:, the
1079:Arrian
830:Baksan
723:boland
701:bṛzant
697:Bṛzatī
693:Alborz
651:Alborz
615:Elbrus
537:Europe
533:Russia
397:Russia
201:
186:
171:
155:Naming
29:Alborz
4553:Spain
4478:Malta
4448:Italy
4280:Shani
4204:Ainos
4199:Dirfi
4191:Dikti
4177:Crete
4157:Cinto
4117:Botev
4092:Giona
4057:Athos
4047:Korab
4007:Urals
3940:Amaro
3914:Kesch
3774:Baldo
3690:Alps
3681:Ruivo
3649:Teide
3611:Aneto
3602:Spain
3002:South
2999:North
2916:(PDF)
2905:(PDF)
2243:"MSN"
1814:Notes
1166:Swiss
1109:, or
1103:Titan
1004:, or
859:Malka
855:Kuban
110:Ultra
27:, or
4173:Etna
4132:Baba
4122:Çika
4067:Ossa
3869:Tödi
3784:Coca
3749:Viso
3694:List
3672:Pico
3434:Asia
3096:Asia
2991:help
2885:2014
2793:2024
2712:2019
2684:2021
2675:TASS
2656:2022
2628:2021
2602:2020
2572:2017
2536:ISBN
2491:2014
2414:2014
2282:ISBN
2254:2023
2211:2020
2174:ISBN
2149:ISBN
2089:2016
2058:2010
2015:ISBN
1993:2014
1967:2023
1942:2014
1846:IPA:
1431:and
1321:ATVs
1252:The
1212:11 (
1146:O.S.
982:and
972:and
857:and
797:and
752:and
734:Harā
730:barz
715:barz
656:Iran
535:and
410:and
4630:and
4181:Ida
2402:EWP
2141:doi
2011:EWP
1985:EWP
1582:B18
1527:of
1357:by
1192:in
1120:in
985:Dfb
979:Dfa
742:ser
687:as
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570:of
562:of
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