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watertight baskets for cooking, they made large storage baskets, bowls, shallow trays, traps, cradles, hats, and seed beaters. They used dozens of different kinds of wild plant stems, barks, roots and leaves. Some of the more common were fern roots, red bark of the redbud, white willow twigs and tule roots, hazel twigs, yucca leaves, brown marsh grassroots, and sedge roots. By combining these different kinds of plants, the women made geometric designs on their baskets in red, black, white, brown or tan.
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have been found here. Scholars are uncertain about whether these date from previous indigenous populations of peoples or were created by the Maidu people. The Maidu incorporated these works into their cultural system, and believe that such artifacts are real, living energies that are an integral part
283:
The Maidu women were exemplary basketweavers, weaving highly detailed and useful baskets in sizes ranging from thimbles to huge ones 10 or more feet in diameter. The weaving on some of these baskets is so fine that a magnifying glass is needed to see the strands. In addition to making closely woven,
367:
Especially higher in the hills and the mountains, the Maidu built their dwellings partially underground, to gain protection from the cold. These houses were sizable, circular structures 12 to 18 feet in diameter, with floors, dug as much as 3 feet below ground level. Once the floor of the house was
392:
The primary religious tradition was known as the Kuksu cult. This central
California religious system was based on a male secret society. It was characterized by the Kuksu or "big head" dances. Maidu elder Marie Mason Potts says that the Maidu are traditionally a monotheistic people: "they greeted
334:
Preparing acorns as the food was a long and tedious process that was undertaken by the women and children. The acorns had to be shelled, cleaned, and then ground into meal. This was done by pounding them with a pestle on a hard surface, generally a hollowed-out stone. The tannic acid in the acorns
358:
or tubers (for which they were nicknamed "Digger
Indians" by European immigrants), and other plants and tubers. The women and children also collected seeds from the many flowering plants, and corms from wildflowers also were gathered and processed as part of their diet. The men hunted deer, elk,
287:
Maidu elder Marie Potts explains, "The coiled and twining systems were both used, and the products were sometimes handsomely decorated according to the inventiveness and skill of the weaver and the materials available, such as feathers of brightly plumaged birds, shells, quills, seeds or beads-
371:
For summer dwelling, a different structure was built from cut branches tied together and fastened to sapling posts, then covered with brush and soil. The summer shelters were built with the principal opening facing east to catch the rising sun, and to avoid the heat of afternoon sun.
335:
was leached out by spreading the meal smoothly on a bed of pine needles laid over sand. Cedar or fir boughs were placed across the meal and warm water was poured all over, a process that took several hours, with the boughs distributing the water evenly and flavoring the meal.
368:
dug, a pole framework was built. It was covered by pinebark slabs. A sturdy layer of earth was placed along the base of the structure. A central fire was prepared in the house at ground level. It had a stone-lined pit and bedrock mortar to hold heat for food preparation.
359:
antelope, and smaller game, within a spiritual system that respected the animals. The men captured fish from the many streams and rivers, as they were a prime source of protein. Salmon were collected when they came upstream to spawn; other fish were available year-round.
450:
family. While all Maidu spoke a form of this language, the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary differed sufficiently that Maidu separated by large distances or by geographic features that discouraged travel might speak dialects that were nearly mutually unintelligible.
1133:
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Kroeber reported the population of the Maidu in 1910 as 1,100. The 1930 census counted 93, following decimation by infectious diseases and social disruption. As of 1995, the Maidu population had recovered to an estimated 3,500.
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The Maidu people are geographically dispersed into many subgroups or bands who live among and identify with separate valleys, foothills, and mountains in northeastern
Central California. The three subcategories of Maidu are:
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and gave thanks for blessings throughout the day." A traditional spring celebration for the Maidu was the Bear Dance when the Maidu honored the bear coming out of hibernation. The bear's
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cult. They did not exercise day-to-day authority, but were primarily responsible for settling internal disputes and negotiating over matters arising between villages.
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Maidu lived in small villages or bands with no centralized political organization. Leaders were typically selected from the pool of men who headed the local
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654:, was not ratified by the U.S. Senate and was placed under seal, but the lands in question were considered to be a cession to the U.S. Federal government.
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416:. Missionaries later forced the peoples to adopt Christianity, but they often retained elements of their traditional practices.
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and survival through the winter symbolized perseverance to the Maidu, who identified with the animal spiritually.
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the sunrise with a prayer of thankfulness; at noon they stopped for meditation, and at sunset, they communed with
234:
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The four principal divisions of the language were
Northeastern Maidu or Yamonee Maidu (known simply as
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The Maidu used the abundance of acorns to store large quantities for harder times. Above-ground acorn
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196:, also known as Yamani Maidu, lived on the upper north and middle forks of the Feather River.
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748:"1851-1852 - Eighteen Unratified Treaties between California Indians and the United States"
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The Maidu inhabited areas in the northeastern Sierra Nevada. Many examples of indigenous
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estimated the 1770 population of the Maidu (including the Konkow and
Nisenan) as 9,000.
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Native
Americans: Southwest - California - Northwest Coast - Great Basin - Plateau
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Jacob A. Meders (Mechoopda-Konkow), painter, printmaker, installation artist
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Strawberry Valley Band of Pakan'yani Maidu (aka
Strawberry Valley Rancheria)
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treaty the commissioners negotiated, designated treaty G in the linked list
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The Maidu spoke a language that some linguists believe was related to the
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723:"ACTION: Native American human remains and associated funerary objects"
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The
Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
1394:
1300:
1266:
1096:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
1032:"Native communities at the heart of 'Boardz and Arrowz' exhibit"
312:
as a primary tool for this purpose. They tended local groves of
1145:
993:
863:. Happy Camp, California: Naturegraph Publishers Inc. pp.
573:
Colfax-Todds Valley
Consolidated Tribe of the Colfax Rancheria
351:
313:
1108:
A Native
American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
1101:
Languages, Territories, and Names of California Indian Tribes
304:
Like many other California tribes, the Maidu were primarily
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45:
Maidu coiled basket by Mary Kea'a'ala Azbill, circa 1900
538:
United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria
512:
Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California
507:
Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California
308:and did not farm. They practiced grooming of their
101:
85:
60:
50:
856:
590:Wallace Clark (Koyom'kawi yepom), traditional arts
522:Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California
948:Great Basin Rock Art: Archaeological Perspectives
933:The Maidu Indian Myths and Stories of HƔnc'ibyjim
700:. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 198.
300:A mortar ground into the solid rock near a stream
404:The Kuksu cult system was also followed by the
354:, the Maidu supplemented their acorn diet with
256:populations of most native groups in California
951:. University of Nevada Press. pp. 38ā43.
698:Encyclopedia of Native Tribes of North America
567:Tsi Akim Maidu Tribe of Taylorsville Rancheria
1157:
27:Native American people of northern California
8:
1530:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
675:"California Indians and their Reservations."
424:Stories of K'odojapem/World-maker and Wepam/
33:
1103:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
1087:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
1164:
1150:
1142:
529:, Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract)
246:is center front; around August 1, 1851 at
199:The Konkow (Koyom'kawi/Concow) occupied a
39:
32:
1137:; Original Image at George Eastman House.
771:
769:
517:Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria
288:almost anything that could be attached."
1555:History of Sacramento County, California
725:. thefederalregister.com. Archived from
1545:History of El Dorado County, California
1127:Maidu Headmen with Treaty Commissioners
667:
643:
346:Besides acorns, which provided dietary
266:raised this figure slightly, to 9,500.
240:Maidu Headmen with Treaty Commissioners
1135:Maidu Indians and Treaty Commissioners
627:(Mountain Maidu), journalist, activist
502:Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians
330:According to Maidu elder Marie Potts:
1093:Handbook of the Indians of California
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
633:(KonKow Maidu), artist, ceremonialist
527:Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians
7:
1565:History of Sierra County, California
1560:History of Nevada County, California
1550:History of Placer County, California
1535:History of Amador County, California
1253:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
1110:. Oxford University Press, New York.
935:. 1991. (w/ foreword by Gary Snyder)
685:SDSU Library and Information Access.
327:after being processed and prepared.
181:occupied the whole of the American,
61:Regions with significant populations
1540:History of Butte County, California
972:Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
552:KonKow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
1570:History of Yuba County, California
752:US Government Treaties and Reports
25:
1060:Autry Museum of the American West
1010:Autry Museum of the American West
918:Native Languages of the Americas.
809:. U.S. Department of the Interior
242:--widely regarded as charlatans--
1525:Indigenous peoples of California
1180:Indigenous peoples of California
1173:
945:Quinlan, Angus R. (2007-01-24).
783:. The Indigenous Digital Archive
602:(Nisenan/Miwok), artist, painter
316:trees to maximize production of
144:Rivers and in Humbug Valley. In
71:
1030:Hinz, Krista (March 18, 2022).
230:Population of Native California
136:, in the watershed area of the
1351:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
894:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 176ā177.
428:are particularly prominent in
254:Estimates for the pre-contact
1:
343:were created by the weavers.
320:, which were their principal
132:. They reside in the central
721:Robbins, John (2000-12-14).
696:Johnson, Michael G. (2014).
430:Maidu traditional narratives
310:gathering grounds, with fire
983:Strawberry Valley Rancheria
533:Susanville Indian Rancheria
258:have varied substantially.
1586:
439:
227:
1186:
1083:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976.
279:Baskets and basket making
106:
90:
65:
55:
38:
1099:Heizer, Robert F. 1966.
888:Pritzker, Barry (1998).
544:Not federally recognized
462:; Northwestern Maidu or
67:United States of America
1449:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1308:(DiegueƱo, Ipai, Tipai)
1106:Pritzker, Barry. 2000.
915:"Maidu Indian Legends."
920:Retrieved 30 Dec 2011.
608:(Konkow Maidu), artist
549:Honey Lake Maidu Tribe
466:; and Valley Maidu or
420:Traditional narratives
337:
301:
251:
160:
1418:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1251:Eel River Athapaskans
1090:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
855:Potts, Marie (1977).
781:IDA Treaties Explorer
560:Nevada City Rancheria
458:); Southern Maidu or
332:
306:hunters and gatherers
299:
237:
228:Further information:
158:
578:Notable Maidu people
496:Federally recognized
215:live in the area of
203:between present-day
192:The Northeastern or
159:Map of Maidu peoples
994:ColfaxRancheria.com
570:United Maidu Nation
376:Social organization
248:Rancho Arroyo Chico
130:northern California
35:
1129:, July/August 1851
931:Shipley, William.
859:The Northern Maidu
827:Kroeber (1925:883)
680:2015-09-25 at the
618:), artist, painter
587:), artist, painter
302:
252:
161:
1507:
1506:
958:978-0-87417-718-3
901:978-0-87436-836-9
707:978-1-77085-461-1
625:Marie Mason Potts
442:Maiduan languages
264:Sherburne F. Cook
260:Alfred L. Kroeber
217:Chico, California
146:Maiduan languages
118:
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16:(Redirected from
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614:(Mountain Maidu/
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583:Dalbert Castro (
487:of their world.
426:Trickster Coyote
244:O. M. Wozencraft
238:Original title:
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399:hibernation
292:Subsistence
1514:Categories
1369:Kucadikadi
1312:Lake Miwok
1226:Chemehuevi
1196:Acjachemen
1066:2022-10-20
1041:2022-10-20
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874:0879610719
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662:References
412:among the
224:Population
128:people of
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1379:Costanoan
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1296:Kitanemuk
1231:Chimariko
1211:Bay Miwok
594:Frank Day
436:Languages
341:granaries
108:Animistic
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1291:Kawaiisu
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616:Achomawi
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