673:. The MDC had announced during mid-2004 that it would not participate in any further elections in Zimbabwe, until it believed a free and fair vote could take place. However on 3 February 2005, then spokesperson Paul Themba Nyathi told a news conference, "It is with a heavy heart that the MDC has decided to participate in the elections ... This is a decision based primarily on the demands of our people". The MDC's top six were unable to agree on the issue, and so the debate went down to the MDC National Council on October 12. They voted 33-31 in favor of contesting the election (with two spoiled papers). However, Morgan Tsvangirai told the press that the debate was tied at 50-50, which included proxies sent by
603:"I cannot believe that the youths involved in these despicable acts acted independently. It is common cause that they were unemployed and it is equally clear that they had access to substantial funding. That money must have come from people with access to resources. The instructions to act must have come from people within the Party as no one else would have the detailed knowledge the youths had access to. In expelling the youths and relatively low ranking members of the security team we have only dealt with the symptoms of the problem, not its root cause."
372:
742:- a coalition of pro-democracy civil society groups, which said the election was conceived only as the result of an undemocratic constitutional change. Tsvangirai believed that there was little point in participating in elections in the current political situation in Zimbabwe, as the results, according to him, were certain to be rigged. Welshman Ncube however, declared that the only way of beating Zanu-PF was through elections, and there was no point in boycotting the elections just because of allegations that they were not free and fair.
940:, which gained lucrative mine-clearing contracts from the Zimbabwe government via Mnangagwa. MineTech has now relocated to Wiltshire in England and has linked up with the British company Exploration Logistics which is headed by Alastair Morrison OBE, MC. Morrison, a former 2 i/c of 22 SAS, has very close links with British intelligence. It would appear that Mnangagwa, who worked for the American NSA while on the DARE, has now transferred his allegiance. Mnangagwa has substantial property investments in England through front companies.
688:"Well you have voted, and you have voted to participate, which as you know is against my own wish. In the circumstances I can no longer continue……No I cannot let you participate in this senate election when I believe that it is against the best interests of the party. I am President of this party. I am therefore going out of this and (will) announce to the world that the MDC will not participate in this election. If the party breaks so be it. I will answer to congress."
186:
2156:
723:
consultations. He also argued against claims that he was not respecting the founding values of the MDC by saying that his position on the senate expressed the will of the people, and that he should therefore be given power to make decisions. He also struck out against the supporters of participation, saying that they were planning a new "Unity Accord" and betraying the people of
Matebeleland like
1679:
828:
84:
734:"Even if I am left alone, I will not betray the contract I made with the people. The issue that is there is not about the senate only. It is about whether you want to confront Mugabe or you want to compromise with Mugabe. Some of us are now working towards a new unity accord. We are saying ‘no’ to unity accord number two. With us there is no unity accord....we will not do what Nkomo did."
596:, for selfish and ambitious purposes, and that the party's principles were being consumed by greed, corruption and tribal discrimination and that this division in the party would have disastrous consequences, and was threatening to undermine the party. Several youths were expelled from the party but, little other action was taken. This move was criticized by the party's legal spokesman
43:
1109:
1078:
1070:
1117:
998:
511:
committed while in office. Additionally, it legalized the confiscation of land owned by white people for redistribution to black farmers without compensation. The MDC led opposition to the referendum, in which the government was ultimately defeated, after a low 20% turnout, by a strong urban vote fueled by an effective
770:
would have to stop while the leadership drew up a program to help the party move forward. The compromise was however, refuted by both sides, with
Tsvangirai unable to make a commitment on the subject of his aides, and the pro-senate faction unable to agree not to contest the Senate election at the
681:, alleging that these were not recognised by Ncube, giving him different inaccurate figures. Morgan Tsvangirai overruled the vote, arguing that it was no use contesting an election where the electoral field "breeds illegitimate outcomes and provides for predetermined results." He argued that the
583:
however, claimed that people who believed this "are being deliberately mischievous or simply do not understand basic political reality in
Zimbabwe" There were still however, some within the party who felt that Ncube was plotting to create a new party. There were several reports of violence at the
737:
Tsvangirai expelled supporters of the Senate from his party, and sought to nullify the charges and proceedings instituted against him by Gibson
Sibanda by convening another National Council. The majority of major civic groups continued to support Tsvangirai, calling the Ncube faction traitors and
722:
Another letter was written to
Tsvangirai on the same day, indicating that he had been suspended from office by the National Disciplinary Committee, while he maintained the right to appeal the decision. Tsvangirai claimed in response that the pro-senate group had not carried out proper provincial
510:
organized a constitutional referendum. The proposed change would have limited future presidents to two terms, but as it was not retroactive, Mugabe could have stood for another two terms. It would also have made his government and military officials immune from prosecution for any illegal acts
544:
parliamentary delegations declared the election not being free and fair. The MDC claimed the elections were rigged, citing state-sponsored violence and some voter results figures that were unaccounted for. They took the matter to court. Some missions from Mugabe's allies such as the
622:, and pointing out its flaws, while still contesting the elections was sending mixed signals to the MDC support base. However, MDC officials replied that there was a strong desire in the party to take up the seats available, in order to increase influence over electoral procedures.
745:
Discussions in
February 2006 confirmed the existence of what Ncube called a "mafia kitchen cabinet", a growth in youth violence, conflict and competition for the office of president and the resulting lack of implementation of party policies. Tsvangirai also considered
519:
In the 2000 parliamentary elections, the MDC won 57 of the 120 seats up for election. This marked the first time that an opposition party had achieved more than a handful of seats since the merger of ZANU and ZAPU in 1988. The MDC dominated in most urban centres and
659:
In a critique of the party structures in 2005, the MDC leadership admitted that the party had "moved away from its social democratic, all inclusive, non-tribalistic foundations." Cracks had also emerged along ethnic lines and between trade unionists and academics.
587:
In 2005, amid tension, another report was drafted regarding the growing violence within the party. Because the 2004 commission had failed to reach a consensus and there had been no punishment given to the offenders, a new commission was set up to find cases of
695:, the Deputy President of the party, summoned Tsvangirai to a hearing of the National Disciplinary Committee charging that because of his actions at and after the National Council Meeting, he had willfully violated clauses 4.4 (a), 6.1.1 (a) and (d) of the MDC
765:
A compromise was proposed at the end of the first meeting, which would result in the pro-senate faction withdrawing from the election. However, the
Management Committee would attempt to remove the "kitchen cabinet" and parallel structure. Thirdly, public
668:
It is widely believed that the split was a reflection of problems that had been in the party for a while but manipulated by the CIO. The issue which eventually led to the splitting of the party was the decision on whether or not to participate in the
584:
party headquarters by youth members, including the beatings of several party members. There was even a
Commission made to decide on whether these allegations were true, although no official decision was made as the commissioners failed to agree.
711:. Furthermore, that he instructed party provincial chairpersons to ignore a letter written by the Deputy Secretary General ordering the selection of candidates, and that he had instructed the party secretariat to re-employ
515:
campaign. Mugabe declared that he would "abide by the will of the people". The vote was a surprise to ZANU-PF, and an embarrassment before parliamentary elections due in mid-April. This success fueled the rise of the MDC.
790:. The pro-Senate group had one more member in the House of Assembly at the time of the split, however senior members of the pro-Senate faction subsequently defected to MDC-T led by Tsvangirai including its
629:", made up of presidential aides, around the president which was acquiring power above those of the elected leadership. These allegations were made by four of the six members in the committee, namely the
845:
101:
56:
2210:
1768:
1631:
503:
424:
1240:
592:
and the origin of such violence. The report stated that most of there was a serious problem with misuse of the unemployed youth, who were not educated properly about the party
62:
2220:
1709:
462:
296:
438:
As the term limit was not retroactive, Mugabe could still have maintained the presidency for two more terms. The most controversial part of the constitution was the
2205:
703:. He also stated that Tsvangirai had addressed numerous party rallies telling supporters that the MDC was not participating in the elections, that he wrote to the
2225:
2200:
1924:
1756:
892:
148:
2230:
864:
120:
1484:
579:(now Secretary General of the Mutambara led Movement for Democratic Change) to replace Tsvangirai, as well as rumors of tribal prejudice on the other side.
2195:
2164:
1971:
1832:
466:
300:
1624:
428:
871:
127:
1382:
2129:
568:, pressure built up within the party due to the possibility that Tsvangirai would be imprisoned. There were allegedly rumors of a faction desiring an
2190:
1873:
1268:
2240:
2215:
1826:
1287:
878:
134:
31:
2135:
1843:
2235:
1919:
1502:
1458:
1089:
1045:
670:
546:
1739:
1721:
1640:
1617:
977:
860:
486:
387:
116:
2141:
1745:
1727:
1244:
1935:
1762:
1977:
1808:
1693:
1209:
1173:
925:
911:
759:
607:
224:
167:
70:
1965:
1413:
1930:
1733:
739:
611:
478:
1983:
1861:
1855:
458:
1363:
885:
141:
849:
105:
625:
In July 2005 a management committee was set up to discuss these factional issues, particularly the alleged formation of a "
1995:
1667:
704:
1335:
549:(SADC) observers and the South African Ministerial Observer team held that the election was substantially free and fair.
195:
1699:
1225:
325:
1849:
727:
in the 1990s, and accused the Ncube faction of trying to get rid of him so that the new MDC could become puppets of
648:. Morgan Tsvangirai claimed that these claims had no substance, and were down to rumour and hearsay. Party Chairman
1838:
1774:
774:
After the Senate elections, the MDC split into two groups: one led by Morgan
Tsvangirai, and another by his deputy
758:
attempts as "destructive" and continued to deny tribal discrimination within the party. He was also irate over the
838:
810:. Although the pro-senate faction had the bulk of its support in Matabeleland, the party chose the Shona academic
371:
94:
443:
1715:
791:
1265:
1959:
1897:
1867:
1596:
1386:
614:
also clashed with MDC leadership. In particular, the ZCTU said that the MDC should not take up its seats in
569:
533:
439:
344:
1941:
1652:
762:'s infiltration of the MDC and claimed that this was a deliberate attempt by Zanu-PF to divide the party.
615:
928:(CIO) failed for a while in dividing the party by using a white officer from the old Rhodesian Army, Col
17:
2001:
1953:
1786:
708:
556:
were raided by police officers, armed with search warrants, looking for illegal documents and weapons.
512:
392:
1295:
652:
rallied behind the president, although he was the only party official to hold this belief to come from
1488:
807:
783:
641:
2169:
1989:
1892:
1780:
716:
619:
589:
382:
330:
1506:
1462:
712:
1704:
678:
2155:
2100:
2030:
787:
682:
532:
and lost only two in
Matabeleland. This election was viewed by international observers from the
2106:
2053:
1909:
1903:
1050:
982:
937:
573:
416:
256:
2076:
811:
470:
450:
would fund land reform from white settlers to landless black peasants. If Britain failed to
427:(Zanu-PF). The MDC was made up of many civic groups who campaigned for the "No" vote in the
334:
310:
1142:
2159:
1947:
1417:
1367:
1272:
1177:
700:
645:
626:
451:
1542:
1170:
1410:
618:, and should concentrate on extra-parliamentary affairs. They argued that rejecting the
502:
The MDC began after the People's Working Convention in February 1999. In February 2000,
202:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2094:
2070:
1914:
1751:
933:
799:
779:
775:
692:
637:
633:
630:
576:
474:
447:
432:
1527:
2184:
2082:
2047:
2024:
2018:
767:
728:
674:
649:
597:
580:
565:
507:
431:, which would limit a president's service to two terms, before the introduction of a
420:
2088:
1360:
747:
724:
696:
653:
541:
521:
482:
251:
1661:
1814:
1609:
1432:
929:
827:
803:
751:
83:
1678:
1317:
1213:
412:
936:. Dyck, a close business associate of Mnangagwa, had formed a company called
2112:
755:
1644:
685:
was part of the 17th amendment, which the MDC had opposed in Parliament.
593:
553:
529:
317:
454:
the farmers, the government would take the farms, without compensation.
852: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1597:"U.K.: Lunch and Conversation with Alastair Morrison | corpwatch"
707:
telling them to register all MDC candidates wishing to participate as
1560:
932:, to make different and secret proposals to Mr. Tsvangirai and Prof.
795:
537:
525:
314:
1411:
Full text of MDC disciplinary committee letter expelling Tsvangirai
358:
1503:"Sipepa Nkomo follows Chebundo in ditching Mutambara MDC faction"
419:. The MDC was formed in 1999 as an opposition party to President
1613:
821:
354:
179:
77:
36:
1192:
477:. However, the two factions formed an electoral pact for the
465:(MDC-T), the larger party led by Morgan Tsvangirai, and the
691:
In response to his misinformation at the press conference
1578:
1241:"Chamisa names Ncube, Komichi as deputies, MDC re-unites"
1485:"MDC Mutambara Faction Hit by Defection, More Expected"
1193:"Tryckeri För Snickare | Bästa Målare I Stockholm"
504:
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
425:
Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
1292:
Research Development and Statistics (RDS), Home Office
818:
Central Intelligence Organisation infiltration attempt
2211:
Former member parties of the Socialist International
2122:
2063:
2040:
2011:
1883:
1799:
1686:
1651:
435:, as well as giving legal immunities to the state.
364:
350:
340:
324:
306:
292:
277:
262:
250:
241:
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1171:The Politics of the Movement for Democratic Change
794:, Blessing Chebundo, the Member of Parliament for
415:political party organised under the leadership of
1662:Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front
297:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
198:may be compromised due to out-of-date information
1226:I will quit if I lose to Khuphe - Welshman Ncube
1769:Zimbabwe African People's Union – Federal Party
1342:. Independent News & Media. 3 November 2005
861:"Movement for Democratic Change" 1999–2005
524:. MDC won all seats in the two biggest cities,
117:"Movement for Democratic Change" 1999–2005
1336:"MDC men to contest polls with 'heavy hearts'"
1625:
8:
457:The party split over whether to contest the
1972:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress
1710:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
1266:Zimbabwe Police Raid Opposition MDC offices
699:and clause 9.2 of the Party’s Disciplinary
485:and re-united under the original name, the
463:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1632:
1618:
1610:
313:Nelson Mandela Avenue & Angwa Street,
238:
912:Learn how and when to remove this message
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
18:Movement for Democratic Change (pre-2005)
2221:Political parties disestablished in 2005
1757:Zimbabwe African National Union – Ndonga
1288:"Country of Origin Information Bulletin"
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1013:
952:
1827:Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
1134:
32:Movement for Democratic Change Alliance
2206:Democratic socialist parties in Africa
1833:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
806:, and Senate Candidate for Tsholotsho
547:Southern African Development Community
467:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
301:Movement for Democratic Change – Ncube
2226:Political parties established in 1999
2201:Defunct political parties in Zimbabwe
1874:Zimbabwe United People's Organisation
1740:United Movement for Democratic Change
1722:National Alliance for Good Governance
1461:. zimbabwejournalists. Archived from
7:
1528:Zimbabwe's 'outsider' faction leader
850:adding citations to reliable sources
106:adding citations to reliable sources
2231:Social democratic parties in Africa
1294:. Homeoffice.gov.uk. Archived from
1243:. 11 September 2018. Archived from
2196:2005 disestablishments in Zimbabwe
1936:Responsible Government Association
1361:Putting the MDC split into context
798:, the Environmental Secretary and
671:2005 Zimbabwe senatorial elections
25:
1978:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party
1809:Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe
1433:"Split over strategy weakens MDC"
1210:Proposed Constitution of Zimbabwe
926:Central Intelligence Organisation
760:Central Intelligence Organization
608:Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions
52:This article has multiple issues.
2154:
1792:Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance (ZYA)
1734:Patriotic Union of Mandebeleland
1677:
1318:"MDC rift not just about Senate"
1115:
1108:
1107:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1068:
996:
826:
740:National Constitutional Assembly
612:National Constitutional Assembly
479:2018 Zimbabwean general election
469:, a smaller faction then led by
370:
184:
82:
41:
2191:1999 establishments in Zimbabwe
1984:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party
1862:Zimbabwe African National Union
1856:United African National Council
1763:Zimbabwe African People's Union
1197:Hemsidor, Måleri & Snickeri
837:needs additional citations for
640:, the Deputy Secretary General
552:In 2004, opposition offices in
459:2005 Zimbabwean Senate election
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2241:Zimbabwean democracy movements
2216:Movement for Democratic Change
1966:Rhodesian White People's Party
1821:Movement for Democratic Change
1116:
487:Movement for Democratic Change
429:2000 constitutional referendum
405:Movement for Democratic Change
244:Movement for Democratic Change
1:
2236:Socialist parties in Zimbabwe
1996:United National Federal Party
1668:Citizens Coalition for Change
1383:"MDC split over senate polls"
705:Zimbabwe Electoral Commission
442:. It stated that, as in the
266:September 11, 1999
1010:House of Assembly elections
644:and the National Treasurer
564:During Morgan Tsvangirai's
2257:
1775:Zimbabwe Development Party
771:second mediation meeting.
489:(MDC), in September 2018.
29:
27:Zimbabwean political party
2150:
1925:National Democratic Party
1844:People's Democratic Party
1675:
1547:www.zimbabwesituation.com
1049:
792:Chairman Gift Chimanikire
444:Lancaster House Agreement
378:
369:
341:International affiliation
1728:National Patriotic Front
1716:Mthwakazi Republic Party
1543:"The Zimbabwe Situation"
1324:. The Financial Gazette.
636:, the Secretary General
30:Not to be confused with
1960:Rhodesia National Party
1868:Zimbabwe Unity Movement
1815:Forum Party of Zimbabwe
1147:Socialist International
534:Commonwealth of Nations
345:Socialist International
1942:Rhodesian Action Party
1694:Coalition of Democrats
949:Presidential elections
738:rebels, including the
709:independent candidates
2002:United Rhodesia Party
1954:Rhodesia Labour Party
1787:Zimbabwe Labour Party
1746:United People's Party
1459:"Chimanikire defects"
1322:The Financial Gazette
814:to lead their party.
802:Member of Parliament
2170:Politics of Zimbabwe
1990:United Federal Party
1893:Central Africa Party
1781:Zimbabwe First Party
846:improve this article
778:with the support of
440:land reform policies
383:Politics of Zimbabwe
331:Democratic socialism
102:improve this article
2103:(ZANU, ZANU–Ndonga)
1705:Mavambo/Kusile/Dawn
606:Former allies, the
2165:Parties by country
2101:Ndabaningi Sithole
2031:Emmerson Mnangagwa
1800:Defunct Zimbabwean
1465:on 13 October 2007
1416:2008-09-08 at the
1366:2008-09-13 at the
1340:Independent Online
1298:on 5 February 2009
1271:2008-11-17 at the
1176:2008-09-06 at the
788:Paul Themba Nyathi
683:Senate of Zimbabwe
506:(ZANU-PF), led by
2178:
2177:
2107:Morgan Tsvangirai
2054:Morgan Tsvangirai
1910:Confederate Party
1904:City Youth League
1884:Defunct Rhodesian
1700:Liberal Democrats
1641:Political parties
1561:"SafeLane Global"
1439:. 27 October 2005
1127:
1126:
1051:Morgan Tsvangirai
1007:
1006:
983:Morgan Tsvangirai
944:Electoral history
922:
921:
914:
896:
786:and spokesperson
620:electoral process
574:Secretary General
473:and later led by
417:Morgan Tsvangirai
401:
400:
388:Political parties
293:Succeeded by
257:Morgan Tsvangirai
235:
234:
227:
217:
216:
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
16:(Redirected from
2248:
2158:
2077:Arthur Mutambara
1850:Republican Front
1681:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1539:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1505:. Archived from
1499:
1493:
1492:
1487:. Archived from
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1423:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1389:on 28 March 2008
1385:. Archived from
1379:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1284:
1278:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1237:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1183:
1168:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1014:
1003:
1000:
999:
959:Party candidate
953:
917:
910:
906:
903:
897:
895:
854:
830:
822:
812:Arthur Mutambara
808:Sam Sipepa Nkomo
784:Gift Chimanikire
642:Gift Chimanikire
560:Growing tensions
498:Origins and rise
471:Arthur Mutambara
374:
335:Social democracy
311:44 Harvest House
288:
286:
273:
271:
239:
230:
223:
212:
209:
203:
196:factual accuracy
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2146:
2132:(ZANU, ZANU–PF)
2118:
2091:(ZAPU, ZANU–PF)
2059:
2041:Prime Ministers
2036:
2007:
1948:Rhodesian Front
1885:
1879:
1839:Patriotic Front
1801:
1795:
1682:
1673:
1647:
1638:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1565:SafeLane Global
1559:
1558:
1554:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1509:on 18 July 2011
1501:
1500:
1496:
1491:on 22 May 2011.
1483:
1482:
1478:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1418:Wayback Machine
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1368:Wayback Machine
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1273:Wayback Machine
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1247:on 16 July 2019
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1178:Wayback Machine
1169:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1104:
1101:
1065:
1062:
1012:
1001:
997:
951:
946:
918:
907:
901:
898:
855:
853:
843:
831:
820:
717:Washington Gaga
701:Code of Conduct
666:
646:Fletcher Dulini
627:kitchen cabinet
610:(ZCTU) and the
562:
500:
495:
397:
333:
299:
284:
282:
269:
267:
246:
245:
231:
220:
219:
218:
213:
207:
204:
201:
193:This article's
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2124:
2123:Armed factions
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2095:Welshman Ncube
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2071:Nelson Chamisa
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1915:Dominion Party
1912:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1829:(MDC-Alliance)
1824:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1752:United Parties
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1588:
1570:
1552:
1534:
1520:
1494:
1476:
1450:
1424:
1408:Gibson Sibanda
1400:
1374:
1353:
1327:
1309:
1279:
1258:
1232:
1229:Zimbabwe Metro
1218:
1202:
1184:
1152:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1074:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
991:
988:
985:
980:
974:
973:
970:
965:
960:
957:
950:
947:
945:
942:
934:Welshman Ncube
920:
919:
834:
832:
825:
819:
816:
780:Welshman Ncube
776:Gibson Sibanda
768:recriminations
713:Nhamo Musekiwa
693:Gibson Sibanda
665:
662:
638:Welshman Ncube
634:Gibson Sibanda
631:Vice President
577:Welshman Ncube
561:
558:
499:
496:
494:
491:
475:Welshman Ncube
433:prime minister
399:
398:
396:
395:
390:
385:
379:
376:
375:
367:
366:
362:
361:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
337:
328:
322:
321:
308:
304:
303:
294:
290:
289:
279:
275:
274:
264:
260:
259:
254:
248:
247:
243:
242:
233:
232:
215:
214:
208:September 2019
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2253:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2083:Abel Muzorewa
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:Robert Mugabe
2046:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2025:Robert Mugabe
2023:
2020:
2019:Canaan Banana
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Federal Party
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:(ZANU–Ndonga)
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:Other parties
1685:
1680:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:Parliamentary
1650:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1602:
1601:corpwatch.org
1598:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:Party leader
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
995:
992:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
948:
943:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
916:
913:
905:
894:
891:
887:
884:
880:
877:
873:
870:
866:
863: –
862:
858:
857:Find sources:
851:
847:
841:
840:
835:This section
833:
829:
824:
823:
817:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
769:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:South African
743:
741:
735:
732:
730:
729:Robert Mugabe
726:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
686:
684:
680:
679:Grace Kwinjeh
676:
675:Sekai Holland
672:
663:
661:
657:
655:
651:
650:Isaac Matongo
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
601:
599:
598:David Coltart
595:
591:
585:
582:
581:David Coltart
578:
575:
571:
567:
566:treason trial
559:
557:
555:
550:
548:
543:
542:South African
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
517:
514:
509:
508:Robert Mugabe
505:
497:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Robert Mugabe
418:
414:
410:
406:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
377:
373:
368:
363:
360:
356:
353:
349:
346:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
327:
323:
319:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
298:
295:
291:
280:
276:
265:
261:
258:
255:
253:
249:
240:
237:
229:
226:
211:
199:
197:
191:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2109:(MDC, MDC–T)
2089:Joshua Nkomo
2073:(MDC–T, CCC)
1931:Reform Party
1898:Centre Party
1820:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:the original
1497:
1489:the original
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:the original
1453:
1441:. Retrieved
1436:
1427:
1421:New Zimbabwe
1420:
1407:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:the original
1377:
1371:Nehada radio
1370:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:the original
1291:
1282:
1275:
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1245:the original
1235:
1228:
1221:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1181:New Zimbabwe
1180:
1146:
1137:
1038:
993:
967:
962:
923:
908:
902:October 2019
899:
889:
882:
875:
868:
856:
844:Please help
839:verification
836:
773:
764:
744:
736:
733:
725:Joshua Nkomo
721:
697:constitution
690:
687:
667:
658:
654:Matebeleland
624:
605:
602:
586:
563:
551:
522:Matabeleland
518:
501:
483:MDC Alliance
456:
437:
408:
404:
402:
307:Headquarters
236:
221:
205:
194:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
1393:13 February
1302:13 February
1123:Opposition
1084:Opposition
930:Lionel Dyck
804:Joel Gabuza
752:Thabo Mbeki
572:president,
481:called the
2185:Categories
2064:Key people
2012:Presidents
1783:(ZimFirst)
1583:exlogs.com
1214:Wikisource
1130:References
1094:1,041,292
1055:1,171,096
987:1,258,401
872:newspapers
750:President
616:parliament
590:corruption
452:compensate
413:Zimbabwean
365:Party flag
270:1999-09-11
128:newspapers
57:improve it
2113:Ian Smith
2050:(ZANU–PF)
2033:(ZANU–PF)
2027:(ZANU–PF)
1771:(ZAPU–FP)
1664:(ZANU–PF)
1513:24 August
1469:24 August
1443:5 January
1143:"Members"
1035:Position
1017:Election
956:Election
756:mediation
538:Norwegian
461:into the
393:Elections
278:Dissolved
158:July 2009
63:talk page
2160:Politics
1645:Zimbabwe
1531:BBC News
1437:BBC News
1414:Archived
1364:Archived
1276:VOA News
1269:Archived
1174:Archived
1102:41 / 120
1063:57 / 120
938:MineTech
594:ideology
554:Bulawayo
530:Bulawayo
411:) was a
326:Ideology
318:Zimbabwe
2142:FROLIZI
2097:(MDC–N)
2079:(MDC–M)
2056:(MDC–T)
1974:(SRANC)
1886:parties
1835:(MDC–N)
1802:parties
1712:(MDC–T)
1655:parties
1346:1 April
1251:16 July
972:Result
886:scholar
570:Ndebele
493:History
448:Britain
351:Colours
283: (
268: (
263:Founded
142:scholar
2138:(ZAPU)
2085:(UANC)
2021:(ZANU)
1998:(UNFP)
1986:(SRLP)
1980:(SRCP)
1968:(RWPP)
1876:(ZUPO)
1864:(ZANU)
1858:(UANC)
1765:(ZAPU)
1742:(UMDC)
1736:(PUMA)
1724:(NAGG)
1696:(CODE)
1579:"Home"
1097:39.5%
1058:47.0%
1039:Result
1029:Seats
1023:Votes
990:42.0%
888:
881:
874:
867:
859:
796:Kwekwe
526:Harare
315:Harare
252:Leader
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
2136:ZIPRA
2130:ZANLA
2004:(URP)
1992:(UFP)
1962:(RNP)
1956:(RLP)
1944:(RAP)
1938:(RGA)
1927:(NDP)
1906:(CYL)
1870:(ZUM)
1846:(PDP)
1823:(MDC)
1817:(FPZ)
1811:(CAZ)
1789:(ZLP)
1777:(ZDP)
1748:(UPP)
1730:(NPF)
1718:(MRP)
1670:(CCC)
963:Votes
893:JSTOR
879:books
800:Binga
664:Split
359:black
320:, 263
149:JSTOR
135:books
2115:(RF)
1950:(RF)
1900:(CP)
1852:(RF)
1515:2008
1471:2008
1445:2010
1395:2009
1348:2007
1304:2009
1253:2019
1120:2nd
1090:2005
1081:2nd
1046:2000
1032:+/–
994:Lost
978:2002
924:The
865:news
715:and
677:and
540:and
536:and
528:and
403:The
357:and
285:2005
281:2005
121:news
1643:in
1112:16
1073:57
848:by
754:'s
513:SMS
423:'s
409:MDC
355:Red
104:by
2187::
1599:.
1581:.
1563:.
1545:.
1435:.
1338:.
1320:.
1290:.
1195:.
1155:^
1145:.
1026:%
782:,
731:.
719:.
656:.
600::
446:,
66:.
1633:e
1626:t
1619:v
1603:.
1585:.
1567:.
1549:.
1517:.
1473:.
1447:.
1397:.
1350:.
1306:.
1255:.
1199:.
1149:.
1002:N
968:%
915:)
909:(
904:)
900:(
890:·
883:·
876:·
869:·
842:.
407:(
287:)
272:)
228:)
222:(
210:)
206:(
200:.
171:)
165:(
160:)
156:(
146:·
139:·
132:·
125:·
98:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
