Story within a story - Knowledge (XXG)

1333:) consisted of six interlinked stories nested inside each other in a Russian doll fashion. The first story (that of Adam Ewing in the 1850s befriending an escaped slave) is interrupted halfway through and revealed to be part of a journal being read by composer Robert Frobisher in 1930s Belgium. His own story of working for a more famous composer is told in a series of letters to his lover Rufus Sixsmith, which are interrupted halfway through and revealed to be in the possession of an investigative journalist named Luisa Rey and so on. Each of the first five tales are interrupted in the middle, with the sixth tale being told in full, before the preceding five tales are finished in reverse order. Each layer of the story either challenges the veracity of the previous layer, or is challenged by the succeeding layer. Presuming each layer to be a true telling within the overall story, a chain of events is created linking Adam Ewing's embrace of the abolitionist movement in the 1850s to the religious redemption of a post-apocalyptic tribal man over a century after the fall of modern civilization. The characters in each nested layer take inspiration or lessons from the stories of their predecessors in a manner that validates a belief stated in the sixth tale that "Our lives are not our own. We are bound to others, past and present and by each crime, and every kindness, we birth our future." 900:, the protagonist describes coming home to the funeral of his father, one of a long line of traditional Arabic storytellers. Throughout the narrative, the author becomes hakawati (an Arabic word for a teller of traditional tales) himself, weaving the tale of the story of his own life and that of his family with folkloric versions of tales from Qur'an, the Old Testament, Ovid, and One Thousand and One Nights. Both the tales he tells of his family (going back to his grandfather) and the embedded folk tales, themselves embed other tales, often 2 or more layers deep. 757: 938:, a significant proportion of the book features a fictional but authentically formatted mystery novel by Alan Conway, titled 'Magpie Murders'. The secondary novel ends before its conclusion returning the narrative to the original, and primary, story where the protagonist and reviewer of the book attempts to find the final chapter. As this progresses characters and messages within the fictional 'Magpie Murders' manifest themselves within the primary narrative and the final chapter's content reveals the reason for its original absence. 43: 3447:), and within this story they find the book "Provocative Adventures of Achilles and the Tortoise Taking Place in Sundry Spots of the Globe", which they begin to read, the Tortoise taking the part of the Tortoise, and Achilles taking the part of Achilles. Within this self-referential narrative, the two characters find the book "Provocative Adventures of Achilles and the Tortoise Taking Place in Sundry Spots of the Globe", which they begin to read, this time each taking the other's part. The 1979 experimental novel 1205:. Farmer collaborated in the writing of this novel with an American psychiatrist, Dr. A. James Giannini. Dr. Giannini had previously used the World of Tiers series in treating patients in group therapy. During these therapeutic sessions, the content and process of the text and novelist was discussed rather than the lives of the patients. In this way subconscious defenses could be circumvented. Farmer took the real life case-studies and melded these with adventures of his characters in the series. 510:). In the movie, a grandfather is reading the story of "The Princess Bride" to his grandson. In the book, a more detailed frame story has a father editing a much longer (but fictive) work for his son, creating his own "Good Parts Version" (as the book called it) by leaving out all the parts that would bore or displease a young boy. Both the book and the movie assert that the central story is from a book called "The Princess Bride" by a nonexistent author named 1635:(ca. 1608) a supposed common citizen from the audience, actually a "planted" actor, condemns the play that has just started and "persuades" the players to present something about a shopkeeper. The citizen's "apprentice" then acts, pretending to extemporise, in the rest of the play. This is a satirical tilt at Beaumont's playwright contemporaries and their current fashion for offering plays about London life. 3901:, many of the best-known features were spun off from each other. The best known was "Strong Bad Emails", which depicted the villain of the original story giving snarky answers to fan emails, but that in turn spawned several other long-running features which started out as figments of Strong Bad's imagination, including the teen-oriented cartoon parody "Teen Girl Squad" and the anime parody "20X6". 100: 1921: 161:

two stories, and the fiction of the inner story is used to reveal the truth in the outer story. Often the stories within a story are used to satirize views, not only in the outer story, but also in the real world. When a story is told within another instead of being told as part of the plot, it allows the author to play on the reader's perceptions of the characters—the motives and the

1567:: in the first act a son stages a play to impress his mother, a professional actress, and her new lover; the mother responds by comparing her son to Hamlet. Later he tries to come between them, as Hamlet had done with his mother and her new husband. The tragic developments in the plot follow in part from the scorn the mother shows for her son's play. 3352:). An early version is found in an ancient Chinese proverb, in which an old monk situated in a temple found on a high mountain recursively tells the same story to a younger monk about an old monk who tells a younger monk a story regarding an old monk sitting in a temple located on a high mountain, and so on. The same concept is at the heart of 1835:, there are three play within a plays. First, when Lestat visits his childhood friend, Nicolas, who works in a theater, where he discovers his love for theater; and two more when the Theater of the Vampires perform. One is used as a plot mechanism to explain the vampire god, Marius, which sparks an interest in Lestat to find him. 3693:, the main character Caden Cotard is a skilled director of plays who receives a grant, and ends up creating a remarkable theater piece intended as a carbon copy of the outside world. The layers of copies of the world ends up several layers deep. The same conceit was previously used by frequent Kaufman collaborator 3680:

into a Hollywood blockbuster. As his onscreen self succumbs to the temptation to commercialize the narrative, Kaufman incorporates those techniques into the script, including tropes such as an invented romance, a car chase, a drug-running sequence, and an imaginary identical twin for the protagonist.

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Stories within a story may disclose the background of characters or events, tell of myths and legends that influence the plot, or even seem to be extraneous diversions from the plot. In some cases, the story within a story is involved in the action of the plot of the outer story. In others, the inner

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Stories within stories can be used simply to enhance entertainment for the reader or viewer, or can act as examples to teach lessons to other characters. The inner story often has a symbolic and psychological significance for the characters in the outer story. There is often some parallel between the

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has a concurrent double plot with the convention of a play within a play. Felice and Clare are siblings and are both actor/producers touring "The Two-Character Play". They have supposedly been abandoned by their crew and have been left to put on the play by themselves. The characters in the play are

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Richard Wharfinger. The events of the play broadly mirror those of the novel and give the character Oedipa Maas a greater context to consider her predicament; the play concerns a feud between two rival mail distribution companies, which appears to be ongoing to the present day, and in which, if this

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that the stuntman is an American and the girl Persian—the stuntman's voiceover refers to "Indians," "a squaw" and "a teepee," but the visuals show a Bollywood-style devi and a Taj Mahal-like castle. The same conceit of an unreliable narrator was used to very different effect in the 1995 crime drama

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stories to a little girl with a broken arm to pass time in the hospital, which the film visualizes and presents with the stuntman's voice becoming voiceover narration. The fantasy tale bleeds back into and comments on the film's "present-tense" story. There are often incongruities based on the fact

1592:, a drunken tinker, that he is a nobleman watching a private performance, but the device has no relevance to the plot (unless Katharina's subservience to her "lord" in the last scene is intended to strengthen the deception against the tinker) and is often dropped in modern productions. The musical 3400:

features the main character discovering a diary apparently written by a version of himself, with incidents that usually reflect, but sometimes contrast with the main narrative. The last section of the book is taken up entirely by journal entries, about which readers must choose whether to take as

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has four layers of narration; starting with a young girl at the author's memorial reading his book, it cuts to the old author in 1985 telling of an incident in 1968 when he, as a young author, stayed at the hotel and met the owner, old Zero. He was then told the story of young Zero and M Gustave,

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sings "The Ballad of Billy McCaw". (However, many productions of the show omit "Growltiger's Last Stand", and "The Ballad of Billy McCaw" has at times been replaced with a mock aria, so this metastory isn't always seen.) Depending on the production, there is another musical scene called The Awful

3362:, which prominently features a book of the same title. This is later revealed to be the same book the audience is reading, when it begins to be retold again from the beginning, thus creating an infinite regression that features as a plot element. Another story that includes versions of itself is 2560:

confuses the audience in the opening scenes with a play, "The Naughty Nazis", about Adolf Hitler which appears to be taking place within the actual plot of the film. Thereafter, the acting company players serve as the protagonists of the film and frequently use acting/costumes to deceive various

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to justify the re-allocation of their farmland: the tale describes how a child is awarded to a servant-girl rather than its natural mother, an aristocrat, as the woman most likely to care for it well. This kind of play-within-a-play, which appears at the beginning of the main play and acts as a

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mirror the murder of Hamlet's father in the main action, and Prince Hamlet writes additional material to emphasize this. Hamlet wishes to provoke the murderer, his uncle, and sums this up by saying "the play's the thing wherein I'll catch the conscience of the king." Hamlet calls this new play

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is the tale of a man who finds a manuscript telling the story of a documentary that may or may not have ever existed, contains multiple layers of plot. The book includes footnotes and letters that tell their own stories only vaguely related to the events in the main narrative of the book, and

2512:, his wife, and the nameless woodcutter—recount the events of one afternoon in a grove. But it is also a flashback within a flashback, because the accounts of the witnesses are being retold by a woodcutter and a priest to a ribald commoner as they wait out a rainstorm in a ruined gatehouse. 361:

has a deeply nested frame story structure, that features the narration of Walton, who records the narration of Victor Frankenstein, who recounts the narration of his creation, who narrates the story of a cabin dwelling family he secretly observes. Another classic novel with a frame story is

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is about a rich bachelor who finds an essay written by someone who learned to "see" playing cards from the reverse side. The full text of this essay is included in the story, and itself includes a lengthy sub-story told as a true experience by one of the essay's protagonists, Imhrat Khan.

594:, tells a story for the first two albums but reveals that the story is being actively written by a character called the Writer in the third. During the album, the Writer delves into his own story and kills one of the characters, much to the dismay of the main character. 2797:

has been cited as a rare example of a video game in which the entire concept is a video game within a video game: The player takes on the role of a character who is playing a "Virtual Reality Simulator", in which he in turn takes on the role of the hero Redd Ace. The

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is an opera which is going to be held the night of the events of the movie. All of the principal characters of the film play a role in the opera, though the audience watching the opera is unaware that some of the events portrayed are more than drama. The 1990 biopic

3705:," which features a musical that is about, in part, the creation of that musical. A mini-theater and small audience appear on stage to watch the musical-within-a-musical, and at some point, within that second musical a yet-smaller theater and audience appear. 3619:

is about the actors filming a fictional third installment in the Stab series. The actors playing the trilogy's characters end up getting killed, much in the same way as the characters they are playing on screen and in the same order. In between the events of

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about a buffoonish team of filmmakers trying to make the first Hollywood silent film in forty years—which is essentially that film itself (another forty years later, life imitated art imitating art, when an actual modern silent movie became a hit, the Oscar

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about a girl who is actually a character in a book that is being read by Hilde, a girl in another dimension. Later on in the book Sophie questions this idea, and realizes that Hilde too could be a character in a story that in turn is being read by another.

3565:, where the villains are able to locate the heroes by watching a copy of the movie they are in on VHS video tape (a comic exaggeration of the phenomenon of films being available on video before their theatrical release). Brooks also made the 1976 parody 984:

will be recognized. Unbeknownst to anyone in her family, Irvel served as a spy in OSS (she had told everyone she was a nurse), and the story would have been lost but for her father finding a set of forgotten videotapes while remodeling his childhood

778:, where through somewhat mystical means the narrator's reading of the story within a story influences the reality of the story he has been telling, so that what happens in "The Mad Trist" begins happening in "The Fall of the House of Usher". Also, in 3656:

was criticized. Additionally, late in the film, Mindy watches the first Stab by herself. During the depiction of Ghostface sneaking up behind Randy on the couch from the first film in Stab, Ghostface sneaks up on Mindy and attacks and stabs her.

3527:, an anime that exists within its universe and that many characters are fans of, that involves the characters of that show watching Nadesico. The episode ends with the crew of the Nadesico watching the very same episode of Gekigangar, causing a 445:, the characters tell tales suited to their personalities and tell them in ways that highlight their personalities. The noble knight tells a noble story, the boring character tells a very dull tale, and the rude miller tells a smutty tale. 3479:

dramatizes its own creation, and the life stories of its own original cast members. The famous final number does double duty as the showstopper for both the musical the audience is watching and the one the characters are appearing in.

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around 1587, where the play is presented before an audience of two of the characters, who comment upon the action. From references in other contemporary works, Kyd is also assumed to have been the writer of an early, lost version of

1434:) provide a narrative counterpoint and add a touch of surrealism to the main narrative. They additionally raise the question of whether works of artistic genius justify or atone for the sins and crimes of their creators. Auster's 3380:

features a deeply nested set of stories within stories, most of which explore alternate versions of the main characters. The frame device is that the main character is telling stories to a woman in a coma (similar to Almodóvar's

250:, an inter-woven series of colorful animal tales are told with one narrative opening within another, sometimes three or four layers deep, and then unexpectedly snapping shut in irregular rhythms to sustain attention. In the epic 2156:

protagonist drinks a potion that makes him progressively smaller. The resulting seven-minute scene, which is readily intelligible and enjoyable as a stand-alone short subject, is considerably more overtly comic than the rest of

1368:, the director makes changes to the original script; in this instance, a couplet that was added, possibly by religious zealots intent on giving the play extra moral gravity, are said only on the night that Oedipa sees the play. 201:", where a supplemental story is used to help tell the main story. Typically, the outer story or "frame" does not have much matter, and most of the work consists of one or more complete stories told by one or more storytellers. 2872:, players can chance upon a number of ongoing television shows when activating or happening upon various television sets within the game environs, depending on where they are within the unfolding game narrative. Among them are 1393:, which features a theater company that produces elaborate staged spectacles for randomly selected single-person audiences. Plays produced by the "Caws of Art" theater company also feature in Russell Hoban's modern fable, 1063:

The experimental modernist works that incorporate multiple narratives into one story are quite often science-fiction or science fiction influenced. These include most of the various novels written by the American author

788:, there are many stories within the story that influence the hero's actions (there are others that even the author himself admits are purely digressive). Most of the first part is presented as a translation of a 2585:

as the actors prepare for their roles on stage. The early part of the film follows the actors in these "stage" performances and only later does the action almost imperceptibly expand to the full realism of the

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story is independent, and could either be skipped or stand separately, although many subtle connections may be lost. Often there is more than one level of internal stories, leading to deeply-nested fiction.

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is framed as a screening of the movie itself, and the screenplay for the movie is present inside the movie, which ends with an abstracted, abbreviated re-staging of its own events. The 1985 Tim Burton film

2838:, the player can acquire individual NES emulations through various means and place them within their house, where they are playable in their entirety. When placed in the house, the games take the form of a 1182:, the novel within the novel details an alternative to this history in which the Allies overcome the Axis and bring stability to the world – a victory which itself is quite different from real history. 2521:

has a deeply nested structure that is itself part of the setting, as the characters travel deeper and deeper into layers of dreams within dreams. Similarly, in the beginning of the music video for the

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comments on the levels of violence and acceptable behaviour in the media and allow criticism of the outer cartoon to be addressed in the cartoon itself. Similarly, on the long running animated sitcom

2854:, the protagonist can find several cartridges throughout the wasteland that can be played on their pip-boy (an electronic device that exists only in the world of the game) or any terminal computer. 3652:, an eighth Stab film is mentioned having been released before the film takes place. The characters in the film, several of which are fans of the series, heavily criticize the film, similar to how 3096: 2779:'s 80s era text-only game Fazuul (also the world's first online multiplayer game), in which one of the objects that the player can create is a minigame. Another early use of this trope was in 1308: 841:—ideas originally intended to be used later in the novel—but as the writing progressed, these plot ideas eventually proved impossible to fit around the characters that Melville went on to 2811:

More commonly, however, the video game within a video game device takes the form of mini-games that are non-plot-oriented, and optional to the completion of the game. For example, in the

2211:, where three washed-up silent film stars are expected to live out a real-life version of their old hit movies. The same idea of life being forced to imitate art was also reprised in the 1371:

From what Pynchon relates, this is the only mention in the play of Thurn and Taxis' rivals' name—Trystero—and it is the seed for the conspiracy that unfurls. A significant portion of

2205:") when their fed-up writer and director decide to abandon them in the middle of the jungle, forcing them to fight their way out. The concept was perhaps inspired by the 1986 comedy 149:; a film may show the characters watching a short film; or a novel may contain a short story within the novel. A story within a story can be used in all types of narration including 1665:

features a ghostly troupe of actors who perform a play about murder that similarly mirrors the lives of their hosts, from whom they depart, leaving them with the plague as nemesis.

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Occasionally, a story within a story becomes such a popular element that the producer(s) decide to develop it autonomously as a separate and distinct work. This is an example of a

2024:. There are a wealth of other movies that revolve around the film industry itself, even if not centering exclusively on one nested film. These include the darkly satirical classic 2685:, which was selected by the orphanage's visionary leader as a way of preparing his charges for their own impending death. That same production is also featured in the stage play 820:, which is told by one brother to another to explain, in part, his view on religion and morality. It also, in a succinct way, dramatizes many of Dostoevsky's interior conflicts. 3166:" features the members of New Directions starring in a black-and-white Christmas television special that is presented within the episode itself. The special is a homage to both 2804:

franchise also gives the concept a central role. It features a narrative in which internet advancements have created an MMORPG franchise called The World. Protagonists Kite and

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presented the same narrative several different times, as recounted by different storytellers, but with both factual and aesthetic differences. Similarly, in the whimsical 1988

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featured a biopic of the titular character which was called The Mask Collector, and its production served as the catalyst for the last 4 episodes of Barry's final season.

862:. There, as inner stories, function both poems and short stories by the main character Fyodor Cherdyntsev as well as the whole Chapter IV, a critical biography of Nikolay 318: 845:. Instead of discarding the ideas altogether, Melville wove them into a coherent short story and had the character Ishmael demonstrate his eloquence and intelligence by 3376:(issue #55) where one of the inmost levels corresponds to one of the outer levels, turning the story-within-a-story structure into an infinite regression. Jesse Ball's 988:

The next story (set in 1989) features Irvel being diagnosed with Alzheimer's; she and Hank decide to videotape their story before it is lost to Irvel's failing memory.

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tells a story to mislead the would-be murderer, who later discovers that he was misled after another character narrates the truth to him. As the story concludes, the "

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Richard Adams' classic Watership Down includes several memorable tales about the legendary prince of rabbits, El-Ahraira, as told by master storyteller, Dandelion.

2161:—the protagonist climbs giant breasts as if they were rock formations and even ventures his way inside a (compared to him) gigantic vagina. Critics have noted that 3798: 873:, writers experimented with ways in which multiple narratives might nest imperfectly within each other. A particularly ingenious example of nested narratives is 607:

is presented as a stage show by the fictional eponymous band, and one of its songs, "A Day in the Life" is in the form of a story within a dream. Similarly, the

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adaption of sorts as the scenes are frequently acted all around the prison, outside of rehearsals, and the prison life becomes indistinguishable from the play.

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follows a reader, addressed in the second person, trying to read the very same book, but being interrupted by ten other recursively nested incomplete stories.

1549: 2056:'s book. In addition to the Victorian love story of the book, Pinter creates a present-day background story that shows a love affair between the main actors. 1622:, and Shakespeare has the ghost of Gower "assume man's infirmities" to introduce his work to the contemporary audience and comment on the action of the play. 1508:, in which two theater critics are drawn into the murder mystery they are watching. The audience is similarly absorbed into the action in Woody Allen's play 3308: 2526: 387: 3545:

studio lot; the fight spills out onto an adjacent musical set, then into the studio canteen, and finally onto the streets. The two protagonists arrive at

1775:, remains faithful to its roots by having the modern actors play the sincere, naïve tradesmen and women as they take part in the original performances. 1287:(which adopts the conceit that it is a book from the future by an author called Gen Jaramet-Sauner), and J. R. Rasmussen's "Research" in the anthology 3181: 2232: 1040:, where the protagonist receives a small book from a baker, in which the baker tells the story of a sailor who tells the story of another sailor, and 3276:

of children's books, set in the recognisable everyday world, take part in fantastic adventures of piracy in distant lands: two of the twelve books,

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is about actors engaged in a play about military airmen; the actors themselves become at times unsure whether they are actors or actual airmen.

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trapped in a cartoon that an unseen animator repeatedly manipulates. At the end, it is revealed that the whole cartoon was being controlled by

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ends with the main characters watching a film version of their own adventures, but as reimagined as a Hollywood blockbuster action film, with

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uses a story within a story format to tell a purely fantastic fairy tale within a relatively more realistic frame-story. The film version of

1942: 3102: 403:(1871), have several multiple poems that are mostly recited by several characters to the titular character. The most notable examples are " 3449: 2808:

try to uncover the mysteries of the events surrounding The World. Characters in .hack are self-aware that they are video game characters.

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is about a person who grows to adulthood without ever realizing that he is the unwitting hero of the immersive eponymous television show.

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is about a group of kids putting on a musical to raise money. The central plot device was retained for the popular 1939 film version with

64: 2016:) and shows the interactions of the actors as they are making this movie about a woman who falls for her husband's father. The story of 393: 3425:

the main character discovers he is a character in a book that (along with its author) also exists in the same universe. The 1979 book

2882: 2424: 1854:) to their English guests. The play mirrors Tuptim's situation, as she wishes to run away from slavery to be with her lover, Lun Tha. 536: 374: 4678: 4617: 4404: 4336: 4300: 4262: 4132: 4079: 3421: 1968: 909: 714: 627: 86: 2628:

is a romantic comedy about the eponymous musical itself. A high school production is also featured in the gay teen romantic comedy

2283:, in which Bugs was the victim, Daffy was the animator, and it was made on a computer instead of a pencil and paper. In 2007, the 1824:, which include the song "Growltiger's Last Stand" — a recollection of an old play by Gus the Theatre Cat — the character of Lady 991:

The innermost story (set between 1940–1945) tells of Hank and Irvel's relationship before and after WWII, and her work within OSS.

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before they get killed. There's also a party in which all seven Stab movies were going to be shown. References are also made to

2789:, a thematically linked narrative puzzle game, in which several of the puzzles were semi-independent games played against NPCs. 1125: 1119: 139:

becomes the narrator of a second story (within the first one). Multiple layers of stories within stories are sometimes called

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Alternatively, a play might be about the production of a play, and include the performance of all or part of the play, as in

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is interspersed with excerpts from a novel written by one of the main characters; the novel-within-a-novel itself contains a

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Ironically the film itself was later made into its own Broadway musical (although a more intentionally successful one). The

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involves lust, betrayal, death, sorrow, and change, events that are mirrored in the experiences of the actors portrayed in

3490:. Near the ending, the events of the film itself are revealed to be a movie being enjoyed by the characters. Jim Henson's 3190: 3163: 3029: 2979:

offers an ironic commentary on the main show's theme of interracial relationships. Similarly, each season of the HBO show

2965: 2839: 2780: 2508:-within-a-flashback technique. The story unfolds in flashback as the four witnesses in the story—the bandit, the murdered 1255: 1210: 3856:, created by one of the characters, Dave Strider. It was later adapted to its own ongoing series. Similarly, the popular 3810: 3546: 3325: 3302: 2971: 2823:

franchises, there are playable arcade machines featuring other Sega games that are scattered throughout the game world.

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is a graphic novel about a middle-school musical production, and the tentative romantic fumblings of its cast members.

652:(consisting of music he wrote for the musical of the same name), most of the songs are (very) loosely inspired by both 4254: 4065: 3714: 3541:

leaves its Western setting when the climactic fight scene breaks out, revealing the setting to have been a set in the

3482: 3270: 2915:, the player can watch several TV channels which include many programs: reality shows, cartoons, and even game shows. 2085:, Keaton's protagonist actually enters into a film while it is playing in a cinema, as does the main character in the 1355: 1175: 878: 404: 305: 3368: 1931: 1422:, ekphrases on various old movies, some real, and some fictional, make up a substantial portion of the narrative. In 941:

Dreams are a common way of including stories inside stories, and can sometimes go several levels deep. Both the book

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Such spin-offs may be produced as a way of providing additional information on the fictional world for fans. In the

2590:. By way of increasingly more artificial sets (based on mediaeval paintings) the film finally returns to The Globe. 3804: 3517: 3499: 2708: 2704: 2699: 1694: 1644:

is about a troupe of actors who perform a play about marital infidelity that mirrors their own lives, and composer

1514: 1166: 882: 552:). The same device of an adult narrator representing the older version of a young protagonist is used in the films 503: 3324:, the main story was realistic fiction, with live action human characters, while an inner story took place in the 3318:

subverts the trope by allowing the dream figures to enter and interact with the "real" world. In each episode of

2677:, about the last days of a Jewish children's orphanage in Nazi occupied Poland, features an amateur production of 2438:, the bulk of the film is a series of stories told by an (extremely) unreliable narrator. In the 2006 Tarsem film 1950: 1935: 115:. Having a character have a dream is a common device to embed one narrative or scene within another. (Painting by 4683: 3473:

being pitched a movie version of his own story, complete with an unlikely happy ending. The long-running musical

3436: 3168: 2793: 2598: 2174: 2117: 1903: 1131: 541: 507: 399: 68: 4663: 4578: 4033: 3853: 2531: 2529:", the heroine is terrorized by her monster boyfriend in what turns out to be a movie within a dream. The film 2148:

to Alicia, a long-term comatose patient whom Benigno, a male nurse, is assigned to care for. The film presents

1608: 858: 613: 3413:, featuring what appears to be himself, except as living twenty years earlier. The title book in Charles Yu's 980:

The outermost story (set in 2018) features their granddaughter, Audra, at a ceremony where the members of the

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features a series of three nested stories, all centering around the main characters of Hank and Irvel Myers:

313:), where the general story is narrated by an unknown narrator, and in this narration the stories are told by 3827: 3296: 2716: 2666: 2342: 2026: 1603: 1584: 1423: 1395: 1278: 648: 4153: 4095: 3910: 3687:, previously written by Kaufman and directed by Jonze.) Similarly, in Kaufman's self-directed 2008 film 3465: 3427: 3107: 2888: 2868: 1983: 1897: 1874: 1754: 1645: 1578: 1522:

episode featuring a production of Hamlet which leads to the exposure of a murderer (although not a king).

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exists within itself as a stable creation of a closed loop in time. Likewise, in the Will Ferrell comedy

4199: 4159: 3358: 3173: 2505: 2086: 1988: 1685:, illuminating the ascendance of human values over the disillusionment of high politics in the meeting. 1666: 1435: 1405: 943: 863: 793: 736: 727: 718:(1797–1805) has an interlocking structure with stories-within-stories reaching several levels of depth. 697: 572: 330: 4008: 3832: 3553:; they enter the cinema to watch the conclusion of their own film. Brooks recycled the gag in his 1987 2924: 1531: 2657:

Italian prisoners rehearsing the same play in the same prison. In addition, the film itself becomes a

739:(a story-internal version of the book itself) as a history compiled by several of the characters. The 3689: 3683: 3328:, in which most characters were puppets, except Lady Aberlin and occasionally Mr. McFeely, played by 3056: 2981: 2863: 2785: 2645: 2440: 2354: 2111: 2091: 2004: 1999: 1850: 1767: 1661: 1342: 1299: 1273: 1233: 1076:

writer who enhances the morals of the novels through plot descriptions of his stories. Books such as

961: 870: 804: 688: 670:, and the song "Fish and Bird" is presented as a retold story that the narrator heard from a sailor. 635:'s albums outline a sprawling, loosely interconnected science fiction narrative, as do the albums of 527: 427: 295: 4352:

Pearce, Richard (1993). "Chekhov into English: the case of 'The Seagull'". In Miles, Patrick (ed.).

1738:, all of act two is a series of scenes within scenes, sometimes two levels deep. This increases the 4061: 3702: 3141: 3035: 2911: 2678: 2624: 2587: 2573: 2384: 2115:

is about a movie character exiting the movie to interact with the real world. Allen's earlier film

1831: 1812: 1472: 1456: 1442:

by Theodore Roszak (1991) also rely heavily on fictional films within their respective narratives.

1431: 1321: 812: 785: 654: 545: 334: 204:

The earliest examples of "frame stories" and "stories within stories" were in ancient Egyptian and

162: 3294:

as a third), are adventures supposedly made up by the characters. Similarly, the film version of

368:, the majority of which is recounted by the central family's housekeeper to a boarder. Similarly, 4500: 4071: 3868: 3777: 3722:, which eventually becomes apparent to be happening in the same environment the player is in; in 3648: 3598: 3583: 3432: 3207: 2942: 2813: 2451: 1759: 1570:

Shakespeare adopted the play-within-a-play device for many of his other plays as well, including

1430:, descriptions of movies by director/antihero Carlos (loosely inspired by controversial director 1145: 1114: 749:("There and Back Again") is depicted as part of a rejected title of this book within a book, and 740: 591: 554: 432: 346: 224: 3862:

series of children's graphic novels is presented as a creation of the main characters of author

3100:(1984) was originally intended as an alternative theatrical re-telling of the television series 2832:

there are several video games that can be played in an arcade in the Gold Saucer theme park. In

2297: 2152:

in the form of a black-and-white silent melodrama. To prove his love to a scientist girlfriend,

2131: 1199:

is used to intertwine its fictional layers. This novel is part of a science-fiction series, the

1174:, which was written by the Man in the High Castle. As Dick's novel details a world in which the 4292: 4286: 4224: 3312:

books use the same device of a dream as an excuse for fantasy, while Carroll's less well-known

2181:, an annual survey of online cinephiles and critics invited each year by critic Mike D'Angelo. 534:

Sometimes a frame story exists in the same setting as the main story. On the television series

4613: 4532: 4428: 4400: 4375: 4332: 4296: 4258: 4168: 4128: 4105: 4075: 3978: 3972: 3879: 3666: 3574: 3253: 3230:, a parody of artsy but exploitative foreign films. The trippy, metaphysically loopy thriller 3131: 3054:

dealt with the main characters developing a sitcom about their lives. The gag was reprised on

2828: 2467: 2364: 2349: 2169:, the comatose Alicia is discovered to be pregnant and Benigno is sentenced to jail for rape. 2123: 1866: 1715: 1614: 1389: 1303: 1187: 1042: 965:, the use of vast stories-within-stories creates a sense of dream-like quality in the reader. 866:(also written by Fyodor). This novel is considered one of the first metanovels in literature. 560: 364: 342: 329:

narrated by Scheherazade. Within the story, after the murderer reveals himself, he narrates a

205: 112: 2956:

also parodied this structure with numerous 'layers' of sub-stories in the Season 17 episode "

4673: 4164: 4148: 4124: 3769: 3737: 3676: 3492: 3487: 3314: 3290: 3158: 3150: 2568: 2414: 2279: 2236:

consists almost entirely of a poorly made film that the protagonists created, complete with

2060: 1829:

Battle of the Pekes and the Pollices where the Jellicles put on a show for their leader. In

1798: 1739: 1709: 1626: 1553:, which even features a third-level puppet theatre version within their play. Similarly, in 1400: 1246: 1196: 1192: 1089: 1000:

This structure is also found in classic religious and philosophical texts. The structure of

929: 889: 853: 842: 837:

and contains many plot ideas that Melville had conceived during the early stages of writing

789: 732: 705: 693: 684: 566: 522: 422: 322: 2602:, revolves around a scheme to make money by producing a disastrously bad Broadway musical, 1139:

enables many writers who are characters in the books to interact with their own creations.

823:

An example of a "bonus material" style inner story is the chapter "The Town Ho's Story" in

760:

Cervantes finds the manuscript with the further adventures of Don Quixote. Illustration by

4668: 4246: 3897: 3671: 3537: 3111: 2906:

sometimes prophesies events or character motives yet to occur in the Max Payne narrative.

2834: 2746: 2728: 2639: 2522: 2496: 2359: 2069: 1992: 1589: 1495: 1439: 1150: 1140: 1106: 1073: 1033: 973: 956: 824: 769: 667: 511: 257: 176: 132: 2472: 4269:

Andrea and Revenge...'sit and see'...the play proper is staged for them; in this sense,

3787:

universe, has spawned merchandise of its own, and been remade into a series on its own.

2550:

features a fictitious musical within a film, called "Spectacular Spectacular". The 1942

1312:(Volume Two) to tell us that the story "Far Beyond the Stars"—and, by extension, all of 4505: 3944: 3884: 3750: 3719: 3523: 3306:

does the same thing by making its inner story into a dream. Lewis Carroll's celebrated

3266: 3236: 2948: 2758: 2673: 2551: 2484: 2445: 2302: 2289: 2269: 2185: 1840: 1820: 1729: 1721: 1689: 1671: 1656: 1347: 1326: 1260: 1219: 1201: 1161: 1102:

has several levels of storytelling. All levels tell stories of the same person, Trurl.

934: 761: 618: 586: 326: 285: 236: 4474: 3728:

the narrative itself is constructed around the player playing a game called Superhot.

756: 17: 4657: 4606: 4328: 4321: 4099: 3849: 3822: 3818: 3694: 3486:

begins with an action film opening, which turns out to be a sequence being filmed by

3475: 3460: 3454: 3440: 3391: 3348:, where an image contains a smaller version of itself (also a common feature in many 3345: 3329: 3125: 3073: 2742: 2582: 2546: 2480: 2419: 2328: 2318: 2076: 2049: 2032: 1892: 1883: 1792: 1734: 1594: 1554: 1500: 1384: 1295: 1136: 1069: 1065: 1002: 874: 846: 701: 663: 659: 636: 549: 382: 171: 116: 1742:

and also makes more poignant the inevitable failure of the relationship between the

666:. The song "Poor Edward", however, is presented as a story told by a narrator about 3792: 3567: 3542: 3508: 3504: 3444: 3402: 3353: 3333: 3079: 2936: 2488: 2456: 2219: 2207: 2081: 1888: 1772: 1747: 1703: 1383:

on the subject of an epic puppet theater presentation. Another example is found in

1372: 1268: 1250: 1232:

narrates the story within his journal, while the main story is being told from the

1224: 1135:) propose the idea that every real universe is a fiction in another universe. This 1098: 904: 476: 357: 352: 314: 269: 246: 241: 213: 4188:"Are you a kaurava or a pandava at work?: Management lessons from the mahabharata" 3753:

is an animated toy action figure, which was based on a fictitious cartoon series,

617:

is presented as the soundtrack to a fictional movie, as are several other notable

321:, and even in some of these, there are some other stories. An example of this is " 99: 4633: 4591: 4203: 2610:

music video for the song "Roses" is a short film about a high school musical. In

2273:(1955), in which Bugs Bunny turns out to be the victim of the sadistic animator ( 197:

The literary device of stories within a story dates back to a device known as a "

4420: 3938: 3905: 3661: 3643: 3363: 3248: 3041: 2893: 2776: 2737: 2630: 2567:

also serves as an important throughline in the film, as suggested by the title.

2476: 2462: 2337: 2308: 2243: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2136: 2106: 2065: 2053: 2039: 1920: 1858: 1825: 1804: 1719:(1926) is a play-within-a-play performed in the foyer of the theatre during his 1559: 1413: 1055:, an Indian epic that is also the world's longest epic, has a nested structure. 1051: 948: 914: 780: 709: 622: 598: 412: 252: 230: 198: 192: 4187: 4057: 3915: 3863: 3709: 3561: 3532: 3284: 3278: 3198: 3186: 3006: 2985:

has featured a different fictional show, including the slavery-era soap opera

2930: 2898: 2850: 2723: 2712: 2593: 2578: 2501: 2429: 2274: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2097: 1780: 1676: 1653: 1649: 1619: 1451: 1358: 1330: 1229: 808: 745: 722: 369: 303:

extend the depths of framing to several degrees. Another early example is the

4172: 3521:

is essentially a clip show, but has several newly animated segments based on

2715:

being shown on a television situated in an underfunded, unmistakably British

2322:

one of the character watches a video of the fictional Nazi exploitation film

2121:

featured liberal use of characters, dialogue and clips from the film classic

852:

One of the most complicated structures of a story within a story was used by

341:" is narrated within it. This perennially popular work can be traced back to 3889: 3844: 3783: 3745: 3555: 3372:

which contains several instances of multiple storytelling levels, including

3222:

had a number of reoccurring fictional films, including a sci-fi film called

3116: 2844: 2754: 2517: 2379: 2213: 1640: 1519: 1467: 1380: 1241: 829: 800: 643: 484: 472: 437: 136: 4529:

Modern mysteries: contemporary productions of medieval English cycle dramas

2745:

learns that he was based on the lead character of the same name of a 1950s

2030:

about an aging star and her parasitic victim, and the Coen Brothers' farce

1802:

presents the story of Don Quixote as an impromptu play staged in prison by

1481:

retains this device by having Hamlet ask some strolling players to perform

3773:, a film described as the source material for the toy and cartoon series. 2775:

The first example of a video game within a video game is almost certainly

955:

feature an endless series of waking from one dream into another dream. In

3724: 3698: 3626: 3607: 3589: 3470: 3396: 3349: 3194: 3050: 2770: 2650: 2434: 2373: 460: 456: 290: 218: 180: 31: 3759:, which did not exist in the real world except for snippets seen within 3593:, the opening scene takes place in a movie theater where a screening of 2105:, which features a young woman entering a cartoon universe. Conversely, 696:

introduces a number of stories within the story, ranging in length from

143:. A play may have a brief play within it, such as in Shakespeare's play 4573: 3950: 3858: 3528: 3091: 3023: 3001: 2819: 2607: 2509: 2312:, the protagonist goes to the cinema to see the fictional slasher film 2247: 1699: 1512:, which is about two failed playwrights in Ancient Greece. The phrase 1029: 1021: 464: 451: 459:' adventures at sea are all narrated by Odysseus to the court of king 179:

term for a similar literary device (also referring to the practice in

3646:

as a plot device. In the fifth installment of the series, also named

2563: 2397: 1477: 1364: 1008: 834: 632: 608: 145: 3344:

Some stories feature what might be called a literary version of the

3090:

The concept of a film within a television series is employed in the

1844:, where Princess Tuptim and the royal dancers give a performance of 3712:

to play with the concept of player choice: In the first chapter of

467:. Other shorter tales, many of them false, account for much of the 3920: 3814:, presenting fairy tales told to children of the wizarding world. 3512: 3083:

anthology television series is about a man who is obsessed with a

3014:, which has characters and storylines almost identical to that of 2805: 2800: 2392:, an early-'60s sci-fi/horror movie about a man who turns into an 2227: 1743: 1025: 1017: 1013: 768:

An example of an interconnected inner story is "The Mad Trist" in

755: 446: 261: 108: 104: 98: 3630:, four other Stab films are released. In the opening sequence of 3135:

features a fictional TV show with an almost identical premise to

2267:

plot was essentially replicated in one of Jones' later cartoons,

498:

A well-known modern example of framing is the fantasy genre work

2237: 2102: 1016:, is of a story within a story within a story. In the Christian 300: 154: 150: 4356:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 220. 3971:

Herman, David; Jahn, Manfred; Ryan, Marie-Laure (13 May 2013).

3087:-like show and recreates it as part of a virtual reality game. 2643:, stars real-life Italian prisoners who rehearse Shakespeare's 921:, in which the character Jake Westmorland writes a book called 4288:

Beyond The Spanish tragedy: a study of the works of Thomas Kyd

3767:

was produced in the real world and was itself later joined by

2393: 2072:

claims to be a semi-biographical account of how they all met.

2068:

sitting down in a theater to watch the eponymous movie, which

1914: 1865:, the story is about staging a school play based on a poem by 333:

of events leading up to the murder. Within this flashback, an

36: 4450:"Pagliacci and Vesti La Giubba – The Million Selling Record!" 1763:

also brother and sister and are also named Clare and Felice.

1218:

also features a character who writes a book by that name. In

4531:. Melton, Suffolk, England: Boydell and Brewer. p. 86. 4291:. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. p. 925:, where the character Sparg writes a book with no language. 708:, and even inspire the fashioning of individual characters. 183:

of placing the image of a small shield on a larger shield).

3914:, which originated as a parody of Tyler Perry films in the 3097:

The Super Dimension Fortress Macross: Do You Remember Love?

1170:, each character comes into interaction with a book called 471:. Many modern children's story collections are essentially 4358:

A dominant motif in the play is the recurrent Hamlet theme

3796:

series, three such supplemental books have been produced:

1309:

The Eugenics Wars: The Rise and Fall of Khan Noonien Singh

540:, each episode was framed as though it were being told by 3048:

An extended plotline on the semi-autobiographical sitcom

1995:

based on the story "What Nancy Wanted" by Norma Barzman.

833:; that chapter tells a fully formed story of an exciting 276:, which itself is narrated by a character in Ugrasrava's 525:, a visitor to a farm in north Wales tells the story of 3149:, including using a "younger and edgier" cast, or even 317:. In many of Scheherazade's narrations, there are also 2144:) has the chief character Benigno tell a story called 2095:. A similar device is used in the seminal music video 1362:

is the case, Oedipa has found herself involved. As in

1316:

itself—is the creation of 1950s writer Benny Russell.

1094:

Tale of the Three Storytelling Machines of King Genius

725:

of the story is sometimes explained internally, as in

631:

is presented as testimony at a trial. The majority of

4101:

The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Volume 1

2277:). A similar plot was also included in an episode of 1032:

that Jesus told. In more modern philosophical works,

4399:. Ware, England: Wordsworth Editions. pp. 5–8. 3681:(The movie also features scenes about the making of 3265:

Stories inside stories can allow for genre changes.

2711:, features a send-up of a typical American hospital 1245:

tales are stories or events within stories, such as

1072:

in many of his novels. Trout acts as the mysterious

30:"Metastory" redirects here. Not to be confused with 4370:Aspinall, Dana (2001). "The play and the critics". 3409:, the main character discovers a book, also called 3401:completing the narrator's own story. Similarly, in 3269:uses the device to let his young characters in the 2753:, which was seemingly cancelled due to the rise of 4605: 4320: 3947: – Pastiche novel with in-universe continuity 3416:How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe 3064:co-creator Larry David, when the long-anticipated 3060:, another semi-autobiographical show by and about 2757:and children wanting to play with space toys like 1504:). Christie's work was parodied in Tom Stoppard's 4327:. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. p. 3068:reunion was staged entirely inside the new show. 2536:from 1932, which makes up most of the narrative. 2008:is about the making of a fictitious movie called 1598:is about the production of a fictitious musical, 1036:'s books often feature this device. Examples are 4009:"What Is a Story within a Story? (with picture)" 3114:as a popular movie within the television series 2952:), often echoes the plotlines of the main show. 2368:, which glorifies a soldier in the German army. 1838:A play within a play also occurs in the musical 1450:This dramatic device was probably first used by 4592:Grand Theft Auto IV Shifts Into Media Overdrive 3507:as a more stereotypically manly version of the 2471:had three animated sequences, all based on the 1588:is a play-within-a-play, presented to convince 700:to full-blown stories, many of them drawn from 4121:Story-Telling Techniques in the Arabian Nights 3674:'s struggles to adapt the non-cinematic book 3581:The film-within-a-film format is used in the 2689:also inspired by the same historical events. 1028:. However, they also include within them the 441:are also classic frame stories. In Chaucer's 268:, which itself is narrated by a character in 8: 4427:. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 2–6. 3953: – Secondary strand of a narrative plot 3597:is played which depicts the events from the 1895:. A similar plot was recycled for the films 1350:has several characters seeing a play called 1088:are sprinkled with these plot descriptions. 1068:. Vonnegut includes the recurring character 4251:The Spanish Tragedy, Revels Student Edition 3732:From story within a story to separate story 3670:is a fictionalized version of screenwriter 2571:sets the opening scene of his 1944 film of 1949:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 947:and the curse of "eternal waking" from the 3974:Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory 3839:, published under the name Kilgore Trout. 3045:feature a sketch show within the TV show. 2332:, the characters go to see a movie called 2293:("Nipple Ring-Ring Goes to Foster Care"). 4499:Davidson Sorkin, Amy (17 February 2011). 3708:Fractal fiction is sometimes utilized in 3145:, depicts ideas for a possible reboot of 2993:and the investigative documentary series 2444:, an injured silent-movie stuntman tells 1969:Learn how and when to remove this message 1539:, which in turn includes a production of 1024:are accounts of the life and ministry of 704:texts, that further the plot, illuminate 87:Learn how and when to remove this message 4608:Arthur Ransome and Captain Flint's Trunk 2616:, the middle-schoolers put on a play of 2165:essentially is a sex metaphor. Later in 2052:, is a film-within-a-film adaptation of 1471:), with a play-within-a-play interlude. 475:works connected by this device, such as 50:This article includes a list of general 3963: 3934:List of films featuring fictional films 3799:Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them 2396:. In one scene, the protagonists see a 1675:(1985-7) features a surreal version of 1606:, and features several scenes from it. 1550:Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead 1180:succeeded in dominating the known world 3941: – Genre of fiction about fiction 3808:, a book from the school library; and 3802:, a guidebook used by the characters; 349:, and Indian storytelling traditions. 3876:Captain Proton: Defender of the Earth 3835:wrote a science-fiction novel called 3549:, which is showing the "premiere" of 2500:, based on the Japanese short story " 1771:, a modern reworking of the medieval 1498:later took for the long-running play 604:Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band 531:to those gathered around the hearth. 491:, and Phillip and Hillary Sherlock's 7: 4003: 4001: 3611:, a second film was released called 3103:The Super Dimension Fortress Macross 2896:-style film narrative, particularly 1947:adding citations to reliable sources 544:when he was older (usually acted by 3718:, the player is required to play a 3511:title character. Episode 14 of the 3394:'s great surrealist sci-fi classic 2886:and the pinnacle television serial 2306:feature a film within the film. In 968:The 2023 Christian fictional novel 658:, and the book's real-life author, 590:, a tale told through the music of 4527:Normington, Katie (October 2007). 4323:The New Penguin Shakespeare Hamlet 2425:The Adventures of Baron Munchausen 2240:'s typical, sarcastic commentary. 1612:draws in part on the 14th-century 674:Examples of nested stories by type 537:The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles 375:The Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar 339:Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son 56:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 4423:(1968). "Critical introduction". 4374:. London: Routledge. p. 19. 4186:Ramachandran, Prema (June 2013). 3895:In the animated online franchise 3882:, was adapted from the holonovel 3450:If on a winter's night a traveler 3443:, who in turn borrowed them from 2475:stories, told as moral fables by 2233:The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya 1604:Shakespeare play of the same name 919:Lo! The Flat Hills of My Homeland 910:Adrian Mole: The Wilderness Years 715:The Manuscript Found in Saragossa 187:Frame stories and anthology works 4448:Mercaldo, David (8 March 2018). 4425:The Knight of the Burning Pestle 2989:, the rebooted black 90s sitcom 2958:The Seemingly Never-Ending Story 1991:structure, with a screenplay by 1919: 1818:In most stagings of the musical 1563:there are specific allusions to 394:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 113:a dream about a ladder to heaven 41: 4273:is itself a play within a play. 2494:The seminal 1950 Japanese film 2465:'s 1946 live-action drama film 1485:. The action and characters in 1126:The Cat Who Walks Through Walls 493:Ears and Tails and Common Sense 165:are automatically in question. 4634:"从前有个山，山上有个庙，庙里有个和尚，他在 – 手机爱问" 3765:Buzz Lightyear of Star Command 3756:Buzz Lightyear of Star Command 3743:In the fictional world of the 3174:Judy Garland Christmas Special 1707:"frame" for it, is called an " 1325:(later adapted into a film by 753:is a part of the final title. 455:too makes use of this device; 260:is narrated by a character in 210:Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor 163:reliability of the storyteller 135:in which a character within a 1: 4604:Hardyment, Christina (1988). 4552:French, Philip (2013-03-03). 3435:includes a narrative between 3224:The Flaming Globes of Sigmund 3164:Extraordinary Merry Christmas 3030:Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip 2840:Nintendo Entertainment System 2455:(which garnered an Oscar for 2324:Vera - Todesengel der Gestapo 2045:The French Lieutenant's Woman 1290:Star Trek: Strange New Worlds 1256:Star Trek: The Motion Picture 409:'Tis the Voice of the Lobster 4354:Chekhov on the British stage 4307:the first play-within-a-play 3831:. In 1975 real-world author 3811:The Tales of Beedle the Bard 3634:two characters are watching 3463:'s satirical Hollywood noir 3356:'s classic children's novel 3326:Neighborhood of Make-Believe 3234:is a central element of the 3010:features a television show, 2483:) to seven-year-old Johnny ( 2296:All feature-length films by 2193:revolving around a group of 1632:Knight of the Burning Pestle 1085:God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater 982:Office of Strategic Services 417:The Walrus and the Carpenter 4571:"ProReview: Power Factor". 4397:Shakespeare—Four late plays 4255:Manchester University Press 4225:"Use of fiction in therapy" 4067:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy 3825:has written a novel called 3697:in his music video for the 3601:. In between the events of 3483:Austin Powers in Goldmember 3321:Mister Rogers' Neighborhood 3201:TV series within the show: 3197:that includes a fictional 2940:, Bart's favorite cartoon, 2858:TV show within a video game 2412:The 2002 martial arts epic 2400:-style family movie called 1846:Small House of Uncle Thomas 1618:(itself a frame story), by 1518:also became the title of a 1377:Labyrinth of Dreaming Books 1176:Axis Powers of World War II 405:You Are Old, Father William 306:One Thousand and One Nights 4700: 4581:. April 1993. p. 164. 4554:"Caesar Must die – review" 4192:IUP Journal of Soft Skills 3977:. Routledge. p. 134. 3904:One unique example is the 3852:, there is a comic called 3805:Quidditch Through the Ages 3518:Martian Successor Nadesico 3439:(characters borrowed from 3151:Thunderbirds-style puppets 2768: 2709:1969 play of the same name 2491:) and Toby (Glenn Leedy). 2402:The Shook-Up Shopping Cart 1872:Joseph Heller's 1967 play 1695:The Caucasian Chalk Circle 1535:are about a production of 1515:The Conscience of the King 1337:Play or film within a book 1216:Knights of the Morningstar 1172:The Grasshopper Lies Heavy 1167:The Man in the High Castle 1111:footnotes for fake books. 849:to his impressed friends. 775:Fall of the House of Usher 564:, and the television show 190: 29: 4612:. London: Jonathan Cape. 4395:Buchanan, Judith (2001). 3547:Grauman's Chinese Theatre 3437:Achilles and the Tortoise 3193:, is notable for being a 3169:Star Wars Holiday Special 2487:) and his friends Ginny ( 2287:sequence was parodied on 2226:The first episode of the 2201:film (itself also named " 1796:. Similarly, the musical 1713:". Brecht's one-act play 1573:A Midsummer Night's Dream 1132:To Sail Beyond the Sunset 799:A commonly independently 597:The critically acclaimed 400:Through the Looking-Glass 127:, also referred to as an 4679:Metafictional techniques 4223:Giannini, A. J. (2001). 3854:Sweet Bro and Hella Jeff 3369:The Sandman: Worlds' End 3288:(and some would include 2878:Captain Baseball Bat Boy 2664:The main plot device in 2561:characters in the film. 2532:The Grand Budapest Hotel 1698:, a play is staged as a 1506:The Real Inspector Hound 1419:Kiss of the Spider Woman 1153:story written by one of 208:, such as the Egyptian " 4372:The Taming of the Shrew 4253:. Manchester, England: 4119:Pinault, David (1992). 3837:Venus on the Half-Shell 3828:Venus on the Half-Shell 3500:Pee-Wee's Big Adventure 3297:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang 3182:Don't Hug Me I'm Scared 3106:(1982), but was later " 2667:Repo! The Genetic Opera 2504:" (1921), utilizes the 2336:, which is a parody of 2014:Je vous présente Pamela 1787:A Chorus of Disapproval 1682:Red Detachment of Women 1600:The Taming of the Shrew 1585:The Taming of the Shrew 1396:The Mouse and His Child 1279:Margaret Wander Bonanno 1120:The Number of the Beast 996:Religion and philosophy 71:more precise citations. 4154:The Return of the King 3911:Boo! A Madea Halloween 3261:Fantasy within realism 3179:The British TV series 2925:Terrance & Phillip 2892:– heavily inspired by 2604:Springtime for Hitler. 2334:Mon dejeuner avec Vera 1875:We Bombed in New Haven 1755:The Two-Character Play 1646:Richard Rodney Bennett 1582:. Almost the whole of 1284:Strangers from the Sky 1079:Breakfast of Champions 1059:Nested science fiction 817:The Brothers Karamazov 765: 580:Frame stories in music 519:Aelwyd F'Ewythr Robert 120: 18:Movie within the movie 4319:Barton, Anne (1980). 4167:. "The Grey Havens". 4160:The Lord of the Rings 3422:Stranger than Fiction 3378:The Way Through Doors 3359:The Neverending Story 3215:Film within a TV show 3021:The television shows 2741:, the lead character 2693:TV show within a film 2637:A 2012 Italian film, 2127:as a central device. 2087:Arnold Schwarzenegger 1863:Always the Same Dream 1541:The Murder of Gonzago 1483:The Murder of Gonzago 1436:The Book of Illusions 1352:The Courier's Tragedy 1038:The Solitaire Mystery 944:The Arabian Nightmare 794:Cide Hamete Benengeli 764:for the 1880 edition. 759: 751:The Lord of the Rings 737:Red Book of Westmarch 728:The Lord of the Rings 573:How I Met Your Mother 102: 4501:"Kissinger in China" 4285:Erne, Lukas (2001). 3690:Synecdoche, New York 3684:Being John Malkovich 3385:, mentioned above). 3272:Swallows and Amazons 3242:New York, I Love You 3203:Grolton & Hovris 3057:Curb Your Enthusiasm 2613:Diary of a Wimpy Kid 2355:Inglourious Basterds 2343:My Dinner with André 2112:Purple Rose of Cairo 2092:The Last Action Hero 1943:improve this section 1702:to villagers in the 1662:The Mines of Sulphur 1343:The Crying of Lot 49 1300:Far Beyond the Stars 1298:'s novelization of " 1274:The Final Reflection 1234:third-person limited 1157:novel's characters. 962:Melmoth the Wanderer 805:The Grand Inquisitor 735:, which depicts the 489:The Little Swineherd 428:The Canterbury Tales 125:story within a story 4454:The Italian Tribune 4271:The Spanish Tragedy 4013:Language Humanities 3866:'s earlier series, 3428:Gödel, Escher, Bach 3226:and, most notably, 3139:. A later episode, 3110:" into the Macross 3036:Sonny with a Chance 2912:Grand Theft Auto IV 2703:, an adaptation of 2700:The National Health 2687:Korczak's Children, 2679:Rabindranath Tagore 2625:High School Musical 2588:Battle of Agincourt 2408:Story within a film 2171:The Shrinking Lover 2163:The Shrinking Lover 2154:The Shrinking Lover 2150:The Shrinking Lover 2146:The Shrinking Lover 2048:(1981), written by 1981:The 1946 film noir 1832:Lestat: The Musical 1813:Miguel de Cervantes 1579:Love's Labours Lost 1473:William Shakespeare 1457:The Spanish Tragedy 1432:Pier Paolo Pasolini 883:Lost in Translation 813:psychological novel 786:Miguel de Cervantes 655:Alice in Wonderland 517:In the Welsh novel 335:unreliable narrator 237:Vikrama and Vethala 4638:m.iask.sina.com.cn 4475:"Mines of Sulphur" 4098:(September 2003). 4072:Palgrave Macmillan 3908:comedy/horror hit 3869:Captain Underpants 3833:Philip José Farmer 3781:, a series in the 3778:Kujibiki Unbalance 3587:horror series. In 3433:Douglas Hofstadter 3228:Rochelle, Rochelle 3208:Wallace and Gromit 3004:television series 2995:Looking for LaToya 2943:Itchy and Scratchy 2874:Lords & Ladies 2765:Nested video games 2557:To Be or Not to Be 2540:Play within a film 2452:The Usual Suspects 2175:Best Scene of 2002 2118:Play it Again, Sam 1987:contains a nested 1904:The Blues Brothers 1760:Tennessee Williams 1532:A Midwinter's Tale 1354:by the fictitious 1228:, the protagonist 1146:The Blind Assassin 1115:Robert A. Heinlein 871:literary modernism 843:create and develop 766: 662:, and inspiration 592:Coheed and Cambria 500:The Princess Bride 225:Seven Wise Masters 129:embedded narrative 121: 4538:978-1-84384-128-9 4381:978-0-8153-3515-3 4229:Psychiatric Times 4149:Tolkien, J. R. R. 4106:Project Gutenberg 4038:changingminds.org 3984:978-1-134-45840-0 3880:Dean Wesley Smith 3147:Wormhole X-Treme! 3132:Wormhole X-Treme! 2966:Dear White People 2866:video game title 2829:Final Fantasy VII 2786:The Fool's Errand 2468:Song of the South 2459:'s performance). 2350:Quentin Tarantino 2000:François Truffaut 1979: 1978: 1971: 1881:The 1937 musical 1851:Uncle Tom's Cabin 1716:The Elephant Calf 1615:Confessio Amantis 1390:Trouble on Triton 869:With the rise of 847:telling the story 646:'s concept album 561:A Christmas Story 528:Uncle Tom's Cabin 365:Wuthering Heights 206:Indian literature 97: 96: 89: 16:(Redirected from 4691: 4684:Plot (narrative) 4648: 4647: 4645: 4644: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4611: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4582: 4568: 4562: 4561: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4326: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4247:Bevington, David 4243: 4237: 4236: 4220: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4165:Houghton Mifflin 4145: 4139: 4138: 4125:Brill Publishers 4116: 4110: 4109: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4034:"Nested Stories" 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4005: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3968: 3817:In the works of 3677:The Orchid Thief 3493:The Muppet Movie 3488:Steven Spielberg 3336:in both realms. 3315:Sylvie and Bruno 3303:The Wizard of Oz 2619:The Wizard of Oz 2569:Laurence Olivier 2280:New Looney Tunes 2197:actors making a 2061:The Muppet Movie 2027:Sunset Boulevard 1974: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1923: 1915: 1810: 1799:Man of La Mancha 1740:dramatic tension 1627:Francis Beaumont 1403:'s best-selling 1401:Raina Telgemeier 1302:" partners with 1247:Gene Roddenberry 1197:recursive method 1193:Philip J. Farmer 1117:'s later books ( 1012:, attributed to 930:Anthony Horowitz 917:writes the book 890:Rabih Alameddine 854:Vladimir Nabokov 790:found manuscript 733:J. R. R. Tolkien 702:ancient Egyptian 685:historical novel 567:The Wonder Years 523:Gwilym Hiraethog 443:Canterbury Tales 323:The Three Apples 319:stories narrated 92: 85: 81: 78: 72: 67:this article by 58:inline citations 45: 44: 37: 21: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4664:Fictional works 4654: 4653: 4652: 4651: 4642: 4640: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4590: 4586: 4577:. No. 55. 4570: 4569: 4565: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4539: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4419: 4418: 4414: 4407: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4339: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4265: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4208: 4206: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4096:Burton, Richard 4094: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4074:. p. 312. 4064:, eds. (1999). 4056: 4055: 4051: 4042: 4040: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4018: 4016: 4007: 4006: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3930: 3898:Homestar Runner 3734: 3672:Charlie Kaufman 3551:Blazing Saddles 3538:Blazing Saddles 3535:'s 1974 comedy 3342: 3340:Fractal fiction 3291:Great Northern? 3263: 3217: 3185:, based on the 3077:episode of the 2949:Tom & Jerry 2921: 2919:Nested TV shows 2904:Address Unknown 2889:Address Unknown 2860: 2835:Animal Crossing 2773: 2767: 2751:Woody's Roundup 2729:The Truman Show 2695: 2683:The Post Office 2653:prison playing 2640:Caesar Must Die 2542: 2523:Michael Jackson 2428:, and the 2003 2410: 2372:is directed by 2360:Nazi propaganda 2298:Jörg Buttgereit 2132:Pedro Almodóvar 2070:Kermit the Frog 1993:Sheridan Gibney 1975: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1940: 1924: 1913: 1898:White Christmas 1857:In stagings of 1808: 1602:, based on the 1590:Christopher Sly 1496:Agatha Christie 1465:(the so-called 1448: 1339: 1236:point of view. 1151:science fiction 1141:Margaret Atwood 1107:House of Leaves 1074:science fiction 1061: 1034:Jostein Gaarder 998: 974:Karen Kingsbury 957:Charles Maturin 898:The Storyteller 825:Herman Melville 792:by (fictional) 770:Edgar Allan Poe 681: 676: 668:Edward Mordrake 582: 258:Kurukshetra War 195: 189: 133:literary device 93: 82: 76: 73: 63:Please help to 62: 46: 42: 35: 28: 27:Literary device 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4697: 4695: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4649: 4625: 4618: 4596: 4584: 4563: 4544: 4537: 4519: 4506:The New Yorker 4491: 4479:Opera Scotland 4466: 4440: 4433: 4412: 4405: 4387: 4380: 4362: 4344: 4337: 4311: 4301: 4277: 4263: 4249:, ed. (1996). 4238: 4215: 4178: 4140: 4133: 4127:. p. 94. 4111: 4087: 4080: 4049: 4025: 3997: 3983: 3962: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3948: 3945:Parallel novel 3942: 3936: 3929: 3926: 3885:Captain Proton 3751:Buzz Lightyear 3733: 3730: 3720:text adventure 3715:Stories Untold 3524:Gekigangar III 3469:ends with the 3341: 3338: 3267:Arthur Ransome 3262: 3259: 3237:Master of None 3216: 3213: 3205:, a parody of 2920: 2917: 2859: 2856: 2769:Main article: 2766: 2763: 2759:Buzz Lightyear 2749:show known as 2697:The 1973 film 2694: 2691: 2552:Ernst Lubitsch 2544:The 2001 film 2541: 2538: 2485:Bobby Driscoll 2446:heroic fantasy 2409: 2406: 2370:Nation's Pride 2365:Nation's Pride 2290:Drawn Together 2270:Rabbit Rampage 2203:Tropic Thunder 2186:Tropic Thunder 2142:Hable con ella 2038:The script to 1977: 1976: 1927: 1925: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1841:The King and I 1730:Jean Giraudoux 1722:Man Equals Man 1690:Bertolt Brecht 1672:Nixon in China 1657:Beverley Cross 1543:, as does the 1529:and the movie 1494:(a title that 1492:The Mouse-trap 1447: 1444: 1348:Thomas Pynchon 1338: 1335: 1327:The Wachowskis 1261:J. A. Lawrence 1220:Matthew Stover 1202:World of Tiers 1188:Red Orc's Rage 1162:Philip K. Dick 1060: 1057: 1043:Sophie's World 997: 994: 993: 992: 989: 986: 935:Magpie Murders 923:Sparg of Kronk 879:modernist poem 811:from his long 762:Ricardo Balaca 680: 677: 675: 672: 619:concept albums 587:The Amory Wars 581: 578: 548:, but once by 512:S. Morgenstern 327:murder mystery 311:Arabian Nights 286:The Golden Ass 191:Main article: 188: 185: 141:nested stories 95: 94: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4696: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4661: 4659: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4621: 4619:0-224-02590-2 4615: 4610: 4609: 4600: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4548: 4545: 4540: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4520: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4495: 4492: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4467: 4455: 4451: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4413: 4408: 4406:1-84022-104-6 4402: 4398: 4391: 4388: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4345: 4340: 4338:0-14-070734-4 4334: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4302:0-7190-6093-1 4298: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4281: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4266: 4264:0-7190-4344-1 4260: 4257:. p. 5. 4256: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4216: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4136: 4134:90-04-09530-6 4130: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4083: 4081:9780312198695 4077: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4053: 4050: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3986: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3967: 3964: 3957: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3878:, a story by 3877: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3850:Andrew Hussie 3847: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3823:Kilgore Trout 3820: 3819:Kurt Vonnegut 3815: 3813: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3801: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3772: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3695:Michel Gondry 3692: 3691: 3686: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3557: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3476:A Chorus Line 3472: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3461:Robert Altman 3458: 3456: 3455:Italo Calvino 3452: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3441:Lewis Carroll 3438: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3411:Long Division 3408: 3407:Long Division 3404: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3392:Samuel Delany 3389: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3346:Droste effect 3339: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3330:Betty Aberlin 3327: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3249:series finale 3245: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3209: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3154: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3137:Stargate SG-1 3134: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3126:Stargate SG-1 3121: 3119: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3076: 3075: 3074:USS Callister 3069: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3025: 3019: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2946:(a parody of 2945: 2944: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2816: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2788: 2787: 2782: 2781:Cliff Johnson 2778: 2772: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2705:Peter Nichols 2702: 2701: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2662: 2660: 2659:Julius Caesar 2656: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2646:Julius Caesar 2642: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2600: 2599:The Producers 2595: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2583:Globe Theatre 2580: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2547:Moulin Rouge! 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Ford 1264: 1254: 1251:novelization 1240: 1238: 1225:Shatterpoint 1223: 1215: 1211:Quantum Leap 1209: 1207: 1200: 1186: 1184: 1171: 1165: 1159: 1154: 1144: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1113: 1105: 1104: 1099:The Cyberiad 1097: 1093: 1083: 1077: 1062: 1050: 1049: 1041: 1037: 1007: 1001: 999: 969: 967: 960: 952: 942: 940: 933: 927: 922: 918: 908: 905:Sue Townsend 902: 897: 894:The Hakawati 893: 887: 868: 857: 851: 838: 828: 822: 815: 801:anthologised 798: 779: 773: 767: 750: 744: 726: 720: 713: 687: 683:In his 1895 682: 679:Nested books 653: 647: 641: 628:The Carnival 626: 612: 602: 596: 585: 583: 571: 565: 559: 553: 535: 533: 526: 518: 516: 499: 497: 492: 488: 480: 477:Arnold Lobel 468: 450: 442: 436: 426: 421: 398: 392: 386: 381: 373: 363: 358:Frankenstein 356: 353:Mary Shelley 351: 315:Scheherazade 310: 304: 294: 284: 282: 277: 273: 270:Vaisampayana 265: 251: 247:Panchatantra 245: 242:Vishnu Sarma 235: 229: 223: 217: 214:Indian epics 203: 196: 170: 167: 159: 144: 140: 128: 124: 122: 83: 74: 55: 4235:(7): 56–57. 4062:Grant, John 4058:Clute, John 3939:Metafiction 3906:Tyler Perry 3710:video games 3662:Spike Jonze 3644:time travel 3383:Talk to Her 3364:Neil Gaiman 3195:puppet show 3042:Kappa Mikey 2894:David Lynch 2777:Tim Stryker 2738:Toy Story 2 2631:Love, Simon 2581:of the old 2579:tiring room 2477:Uncle Remus 2463:Walt Disney 2338:Louis Malle 2309:Nekromantik 2244:Chuck Jones 2199:Vietnam War 2195:prima donna 2191:comedy film 2167:Talk to Her 2159:Talk to Her 2137:Talk to Her 2107:Woody Allen 2066:the Muppets 2054:John Fowles 2040:Karel Reisz 2010:Meet Pamela 1859:Dina Rubina 1826:Griddlebone 1560:The Seagull 1438:(2002) and 1414:Manuel Puig 1322:Cloud Atlas 1052:Mahabharata 953:The Sandman 949:Neil Gaiman 781:Don Quixote 710:Jan Potocki 623:Wyclef Jean 555:Stand by Me 546:George Hall 521:(1852), by 481:Mouse Tales 413:Jabberwocky 397:(1865) and 278:Mahabharata 253:Mahabharata 231:Hitopadesha 199:frame story 193:Frame story 69:introducing 4658:Categories 4643:2019-04-30 4434:0050015710 4209:2023-04-15 4204:1434052357 4163:. 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