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collaboration with created spirits or dueños, masters, of places or things and with ancestors who help to maintain justice and balance. Slipping from the norm brings about a spiritual sickness that is cured by a communal search for the cause and by a variety of religious rituals, including prayers and natural remedies. In Moxos the principal dueños are the spirits of the jungle (connected with the tiger) and of the water (connected with the rainbow). Many rich dances renew the life of the community and the universe.
86:
349:. The communities all throughout this great plain region and along the banks of the river were established and allied under the superior command of a leader, whom Alcaya describes with the title of king. This king, called by the dynastic name of Grigotá, had a comfortable dwelling and wore a vividly-colored shirt. Chiefs (caciques), named as Goligoli, Tundi, and Vitupué, were subordinate to Grigotá and had control of hundreds of warriors.
49:
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missionaries established towns in the Mojos plains beginning in 1682, converting native peoples to
Catholicism and establishing a system of social organization that would endure well beyond the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767. Mojeño ethnic identification derives from a process of ethnogenesis as a
352:
As a result, the first
Jesuits in Moxos encountered a developed, ancient civilization. Thousands and thousands of artificial hills up to 60 feet high dotted the landscape, along with hundreds of artificial rectangular ponds up to three feet deep, all part of a system of cultivation and irrigation.
367:
Even today one speaks of the "Amazonian cultures" as a block, despite the differences between the various peoples. The
Amazonian cosmos includes a tripartite world: the sky above, the earth here, and the underworld below. These cultures believe that the earth is controlled by a father creator, in
404:
The Jesuit missionaries who first encountered the Moxeños found a people with a strong belief in God as father and creator. The
Jesuits accepted in their catechism the names the indigenous peoples gave to God in their own languages, trying to embrace all aspects of the culture not contrary to
295:) abandoned their lands and migrated to the west and south, bringing with them a tradition of incised ceramics. The Moxos, who were part of this population stream, built irrigation canals and crop terraces as well as ritual sites. Thousands of years before the
216:
mission). They numbered some 30,000 in the first decade of the 20th century. Many Mojeño communities are affiliated with the
Central de Pueblos Indígenas del Beni and/or the Central de Pueblos Étnicos Mojeños del Beni.
196:
result of this encounter between a number of pre-existing ethnic groups in this mission environment. This process occurred in several different mission towns, resulting in distinct Mojeño identities, including
356:
All these architectural and structural masterpieces can be attributed to the ancestors of the present-day Moxeños, who include the Arawak, the most extensive ethnic group in the area. The
364:. The Arawak have always been famous architects, and indeed the great hydraulic works (dated to ca. 250 CE) of their ancient empire is located in the territory of Moxos.
233:. In many communities, the language is used in daily life and taught in beginning primary school grades. A dictionary of Ignaciano Mojeño has been published, and the
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Lombardo, Umberto; Prümers, Heiko (2010). "Pre-Columbian human occupation patterns in the eastern plains of the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian
Amazonia".
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The people used the built-up high ground for farming and dug canals to unite ponds and rivers that caught water in this flood-prone region.
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The previous inhabitants of the region, which before the independence of
Bolivia was a single territory called Mojos, were the
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Itonama, Cayuvava, Canichana, Tacanam and Movima. Afterwards, the Moxos or the Moxeños arrived. The Moxos were from the
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Mission
Culture on the Upper Amazon: Native Tradition, Jesuit Enterprise and Secular Policy in Moxos, 1660-1880
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began evangelizing native peoples of the region in the 1670s. They set up a series of missions near the
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In addition to
Spanish, many Mojeño people speak one of several indigenous languages, belonging to the
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Walker, John H. (2008). "The Llanos de Mojos". In
Silverman, Helaine; Isbell, William H. (eds.).
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ethnic group, an ethnic group which developed a more complex culture between the
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Estado, identidades territoriales y autonomías en la región amazónica de Bolivia
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Molina Argandoña, Wilder.; Cynthia. Vargas Melgar; Pablo. Soruco Claure (2008).
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Land without evil : utopian journeys across the South American watershed
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435:"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012 Bolivia Características de la Población"
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673:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 949.
330:, reveal that the region was populated by an Arawak tribe (known as the
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This article is about the indigenous people. For the languages, see
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The aboriginal cultural geography of the Llanos de Mojos of Bolivia
303:. This slow expansion resulted in their arrival at the islands of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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299:, the Arawak also migrated north and populated the islands of the
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is a book from 1875 that has a chapter about the Moxo people.
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341:, tell of a group living between the last buttresses of the
291:, agricultural Arawak groups from the lowlands (present-day
601:. Berkeley; Los Angeles: U of California Press. p. 46.
518:. Trinidad, Bolivia: Parroquias de Moxos. 1988. p. 14.
439:
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, República de Bolivia
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http://www.companysj.com/v153/returntosanignacio.html
172:, and on the marshy plains to its west, known as the
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326:, and even in the present-day precinct of the city
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245:They are also known as Mojos, Moxos or Moxeños.
322:Pottery pieces found in the countryside of the
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397:. The principal mission was established at
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533:The Handbook of South American Archaeology
237:was translated into the language in 1980.
47:
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696:at the New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia.
616:. London; New York: Verso. p. 225.
477:; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
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191:, as well as farmers and pastoralists.
689:National Museum of the American Indian
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345:Mountains and the central arm of the
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360:belongs to a language family called
66:Regions with significant populations
176:. The Mamore is a tributary to the
25:
1029:Category:Ethnic groups in Bolivia
572:Journal of Archaeological Science
334:) with a ceramic-making culture.
324:department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia
283:For unknown reasons, between the
1085:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
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393:for this purpose beginning with
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1:
1090:Indigenous peoples in Bolivia
260:Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)
164:. They live in south central
547:10.1007/978-0-387-74907-5_46
494:. La Paz: PIEB. p. 93.
405:Christian faith or custom.
311:(present-day island of the
187:Mojeños were traditionally
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516:Historia cultural de Mojos
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685:Mehináku material culture
597:Denevan, William (1966).
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1080:Ethnic groups in Bolivia
807:Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
464:Retrieved 14 March 2012.
378:Jesuit Missions of Moxos
254:Moxos Before the Jesuits
670:Encyclopædia Britannica
387:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
328:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
168:, on both banks of the
612:Gott, Richard (1993).
385:priests arriving from
339:Diego Felipe de Alcaya
33:Moxos (disambiguation)
31:. For other uses, see
473:Block, David (1994).
127:Related ethnic groups
214:San Ignacio de Moxos
200:(Trinidad mission),
1056:15.6670°S 65.9170°W
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1061:-15.6670; -65.9170
372:Jesuit mission era
313:Dominican Republic
231:Ignaciano language
229:family, including
204:(Loreto mission),
198:Mojeño-Trinitarios
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623:978-0-86091-398-6
556:978-0-387-74906-8
501:978-99954-32-24-9
285:15th Century B.C.
274:Amazon rainforest
227:Arawakan language
210:Mojeño-Ignacianos
206:Mojeño-Javerianos
158:indigenous people
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121:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
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347:Guapay River
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180:in northern
170:Mamore River
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38:Ethnic group
1059: /
537:. pp.
462:Ethnologue.
1074:Categories
1047:65°55′01″W
1044:15°40′01″S
793:Chiquitano
745:Indigenous
309:Hispaniola
297:Common Era
266:aboriginal
133:Trinitario
1002:Uruguayan
997:Brazilian
992:Argentine
853:Pacahuara
828:Machinere
773:Canichana
737:Bolivians
401:in 1686.
156:, are an
99:Languages
985:Americas
971:Japanese
936:Croatian
928:European
918:Yuracaré
908:Yaminawá
888:Toromona
858:Pauserna
813:Guarayos
798:Ese Ejja
778:Cayubaba
409:See also
399:Trinidad
362:Arawakan
293:Suriname
287:and the
276:and the
221:Language
115:Religion
1018:African
955:Spanish
950:Italian
893:Tsimané
873:Sirionó
863:Quechua
848:Nivaclé
803:Guaraní
783:Chácobo
658::
249:History
182:Bolivia
162:Bolivia
146:Moxeños
142:Mojeños
109:Spanish
80:Bolivia
1011:Others
976:Jewish
941:German
878:Tacana
843:Movima
838:Mojeño
833:Maropa
823:Lupaca
768:Bororo
758:Ayoreo
753:Aymara
652:
620:
553:
498:
395:Loreto
383:Jesuit
278:Llanos
270:Arawak
208:, and
193:Jesuit
105:Mojeño
89:
77:
42:Mojeño
18:Moxeno
964:Asian
913:Yuqui
903:Wichí
868:Qulla
818:Guató
788:Chané
763:Baure
665:Moxos
541:–39.
421:Notes
343:Andes
332:Chané
317:Haiti
154:Mojos
152:, or
150:Moxos
883:Toba
618:ISBN
551:ISBN
496:ISBN
315:and
307:and
305:Cuba
241:Name
140:The
92:Beni
898:Uru
667:".
580:doi
543:doi
539:927
319:).
160:of
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