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185:, McClelland concluded in a 1958 study that individuals in a society can be grouped into high achievers and low achievers based on their scores on what he called "N-Ach". McClelland also found that high-need-for-achievers will accept risk only to the degree they believe their personal contributions will make a difference in the outcome.
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A 1982 study conducted by McClellan and coauthors found that high need for achievement (N-Ach) was linked to success in lower-level management roles, in which promotions were influenced by individual contributions. At higher management levels where promotions were based on demonstrated leadership
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N-Ach is related to the difficulty of tasks people choose to undertake. Those with low N-Ach may choose very easy tasks, in order to minimize risk of failure, or highly difficult tasks, such that a failure would not be embarrassing. Those with high N-Ach tend to choose moderately difficult tasks,
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N-Ach is characterized by an enduring and consistent concern with setting and meeting high standards of achievement. This concern is influenced by an internal drive for action (intrinsic
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McClellandās research led him to formulate psychological characteristics of people with strong need for achievement. According to McClelland and David Winter (
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468:
McClelland, D.C.; Atkinson, J.W.; Clark, R.A.; Lowell, E.L. (1958). "A scoring manual for the achievement motive". In
Atkinson, J.W. (ed.).
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The
Achievement Motive, By McClelland, D. C., Atkinson, J. W., Clark, R. A., Lowell, E. L., New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1953.
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196:(TAT), need for achievement motivates an individual to succeed in competition, and to excel in activities important to them.
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Social
Philosophy of Athletics: A Pluralistic and Practice-Oriented Philosophical Analysis of Top Level Amateur Sport
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157:, provided the starting point for future studies of personality, especially those relating to needs and motives.
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Heyns, R.W.; Veroff, J.; Atkinson, J.W. "A scoring manual for the affiliation motive". In
Atkinson, J.W. (ed.).
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McClellan, David; et al. (1982). "Leadership Motive
Pattern and Long-Term Success in Management".
192:), and by the pressure exerted by the expectations of others (extrinsic motivation). Measured with the
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McClelland, David C. (1958). "Methods of
Measuring Human Motivation". In Atkinson, John W. (ed.).
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Raven, J. (2001). "The McClelland/McBer
Competency Models". In Raven, J.; Stephenson, J. (eds.).
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129:, control, or high standards. The psychometric device designed to measure need-for-achievement,
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The pioneering research work of the
Harvard Psychological Clinic in the 1930s, summarized in
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Bildungsbenachteiligung. Warum die einen nicht kƶnnen und die anderen nicht wollen
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Veroff, J. "A scoring manual for the power motive". In
Atkinson, J.W. (ed.).
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Internal locus of control and responsibility for own decisions and behaviors;
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137:. A need for achievement figures as a secondary or psychogenic need in
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is a person's desire for significant accomplishment, mastery of
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359:"What is need for achievement? Definition and meaning"
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ability, high N-Ach was not associated with success.
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feeling that they are challenging, but within reach.
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410:(6). American Psychological Association: 737ā743.
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387:McClelland, David C.; Winter, David G. (1969).
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59:introducing citations to additional sources
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173:later investigated achievement motivation.
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624:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
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214:Undertaking innovative and engaging tasks;
49:Relevant discussion may be found on the
671:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
317:Chapter 7.3: Henry Murray & the TAT
293:
495:Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society
470:Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society
452:Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society
445:(in German). Hamburg: Dr Kovac Verlag.
345:Motives in Fantasy, Action and Society
133:, was popularized by the psychologist
7:
347:. Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nos-trand.
656:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
486:Competence in the Learning Society
315:Custom Continuing Education, LLC,
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42:relies largely or entirely on a
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389:Motivating Economic Achievement
205:Motivating Economic Achievement
609:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
220:Need for precise goal setting.
1:
404:Journal of Applied Psychology
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478:Explorations in Personality
181:Using results based on the
155:Explorations in Personality
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480:, Oxford University Press.
416:10.1037/0021-9010.67.6.737
319:, accessed on 17 July 2024
194:thematic apperception test
183:Thematic Apperception Test
497:. New York: Van Nostrand.
472:. New York: Van Nostrand.
454:. New York: Van Nostrand.
301:McClelland, D.C. (1961).
211:Moderate risk propensity;
476:Murray, Henry A (1938),
488:. New York: Peter Lang.
441:Breidebach, G. (2012).
391:. New York: Free Press.
305:. New York: Free Press.
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363:BusinessDictionary.com
161:and his collaborators
70:"Need for achievement"
1613:Motivational theories
1073:Righteous indignation
303:The Achieving Society
163:John William Atkinson
591:BodhipakkhiyÄ dhammÄ
261:Need for affiliation
251:Identity performance
123:Need for achievement
55:improve this article
661:Theological virtues
564:Positive psychology
1093:Self-transcendence
685:Individual virtues
629:Nine Noble Virtues
558:Nicomachean Ethics
266:Need for cognition
236:Emotional security
1600:
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747:Conscientiousness
614:Epistemic virtues
463:. Stipes Pub LLC.
459:Lenk, H. (1979).
241:Euthyphro dilemma
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16:(Redirected from
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641:Prussian virtues
604:Cardinal virtues
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365:. Archived from
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281:Self-fulfillment
246:Goal orientation
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135:David McClelland
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53:. Please help
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651:Seven virtues
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574:Virtue ethics
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540:About virtues
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369:on 2015-04-23
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177:N-Ach measure
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66:Find sources:
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44:single source
40:This article
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1133:Tranquillity
1083:Self-control
1053:Renunciation
1011:Philanthropy
1006:Perspicacity
966:Magnificence
919:Intelligence
899:Impartiality
819:Faithfulness
707:Authenticity
633:
619:Five virtues
596:
589:
569:Trait theory
556:
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371:. Retrieved
367:the original
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139:Henry Murray
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84:
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65:
41:
1153:Workmanship
1043:Punctuality
961:Magnanimity
884:Hospitality
834:Forgiveness
779:Discernment
737:Cleanliness
276:Need theory
256:Life stance
1466:Auctoritas
1314:Aparigraha
1293:Adhiį¹į¹hÄna
1275:Sophrosyne
1243:Eutrapelia
1128:Temperance
1108:Solidarity
1098:Simplicity
1058:Resilience
1033:Politeness
1001:Patriotism
981:Moderation
854:Good faith
844:Generosity
804:Equanimity
784:Discipline
742:Compassion
373:2012-11-26
288:References
190:motivation
81:newspapers
1514:Humanitas
1260:Phronesis
1251:Philotimo
1103:Sincerity
1068:Reverence
936:Judgement
924:Emotional
914:Integrity
904:Innocence
859:Gratitude
839:Frugality
829:Foresight
809:Etiquette
799:Endurance
774:Diligence
697:Alertness
646:Scout Law
547:Endowment
424:0021-9010
51:talk page
1607:Category
1507:Gravitas
1490:Dignitas
1236:Ataraxia
1118:Sympathy
1048:Religion
1038:Prudence
996:Patience
971:Meekness
946:Kindness
894:Humility
889:Humanity
824:Fidelity
769:Courtesy
732:Chivalry
727:Chastity
717:Charisma
712:Calmness
702:Altruism
229:See also
111:May 2024
1562:Sadaqah
1548:Ganbaru
1481:Decorum
1473:Caritas
1428:ÅraddhÄ
1414:Shaucha
1379:Kshanti
1307:Akrodha
1162:Chinese
1063:Respect
986:Modesty
956:Loyalty
941:Justice
909:Insight
869:Honesty
864:Heroism
794:Empathy
752:Courage
722:Charity
635:PÄramÄ«s
533:Virtues
95:scholar
1530:Virtus
1522:Pietas
1441:Upekį¹£Ä
1434:SaddhÄ
1400:PrajƱÄ
1393:MuditÄ
1372:Kshama
1365:Karuį¹Ä
1328:Asteya
1321:Ärjava
1300:Ahimsa
1285:Indian
1268:Sophia
1143:Wisdom
1021:Filial
929:Social
874:Honour
422:
149:Theory
127:skills
97:
90:
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76:
68:
1586:VirtĆ¹
1540:Other
1499:Fides
1458:Latin
1448:VÄ«rya
1407:Satya
1386:MettÄ
1349:Dhį¹ti
1228:Arete
1220:Agape
1212:Greek
1138:Trust
1123:Taste
1016:Piety
976:Mercy
849:Glory
814:Faith
762:Moral
757:Civil
676:Yamas
131:N-Ach
102:JSTOR
88:books
18:N-Ach
1578:Sisu
1570:Seny
1555:Giri
1421:SevÄ
1342:DÄna
1179:Jing
1028:Pity
951:Love
879:Hope
789:Duty
420:ISSN
169:and
74:news
1357:Hrī
1194:Ren
1148:Wit
412:doi
141:'s
57:by
1609::
1202:Yi
1186:Li
1171:De
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333:^
165:,
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511:v
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