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during Joe Slovo Phase 1 on the land taken during a massive fire in Joe Slovo in
January 2005. Eventually, only 705 houses in that phase were built. It is reported that only one Joe Slovo resident was able to afford the flats whose rents skyrocketed and forced new tenants into a year-long rent boycott. The boycott has been supported by residents of Joe Slovo Informal Settlement, social movements, such as the
165:
98:
claiming that the government was not getting rid of the slums but just moving them far away to Deflt where there are no jobs, few schools and a higher rate of crime. It is reported that residents who had willingly moved to Delft after the fire in 2005 have lost their jobs because they cannot afford transport into Cape Town and since there is no railway line in Delft.
39:, a private company, Thubelisha, has been outsourced to find contractors, manage, and implement the entire project. Thubelisha estimates that some 25,000 units will be constructed, about 70% of which will be allocated to shack-dwellers, and 30% to backyard dwellers on the municipal housing waiting lists.
84:
residents were moved to
Temporary Relocation Areas (TRAs) in Delft. After the January 2005 fire, which destroyed 3000 shacks and made 12,000 people homeless, Joe Slovo residents were promised priority in the allocation of N2 Gateway housing. The original plan was for 12,000 rental units to be built
97:
With Phase 1 of the N2 Gateway completed, the
National Government ordered the eviction of the remaining 20,000 shackdwellers to Temporary Relocation Areas in Delft (see section below). Joe Slovo residents have opposed government's order that they be forcibly removed. Residents refused to be moved
231:
The N2 Gateway
Housing Project has been mired in controversy. The Auditor General Report on the project found mismanagement and widespread deficiencies in the planning, accounting, design, construction, and execution of the housing development project. The Western Cape Housing MEC, Bonginkosi
134:
On 10 June 2009, the
Constitutional Court ruled in favour of the eviction of Joe Slovo residents but only based on certain conditions including that 70% of homes built on Joe Slovo land be allocated to Joe Slovo residents, that government must enter into consultation with residents, and that
138:
In August 2009, new
Minister for Human Settlements, Tokyo Sexwale, placed the eviction of residents on hold while Joe Slovo. In September 2009, reports surfaced that the Constitutional Court had quietly issued a new order suspending the eviction of Joe Slovo residents until further notice.
232:
Madikizela, has admitted to serious defects in the N2 Gateway Phase 1 Flats saying that "Some of the units, it will not actually help to fix them. I think a possible solution which is something very difficult to do would be just to demolish the building you know and start afresh.
177:
fire victims and is now managed by
Thubelisha Homes on behalf of the National Government, has become a centerpiece of the N2 Gateway strategy. It houses shack-dwellers who have been forcibly or voluntarily moved from shack settlements such as those in Joe Slovo,
120:. In August 2008, about 200 Joe Slovo residents travelled by train, spent the night at the Methodist Church in Braamfontein, and arrived at the Constitutional Court to protest proposed evictions. They were accompanied in solidarity by the
172:
There are two
Temporary Relocation Areas (TRAs) or transit camps that are connected to the N2 Gateway project in Delft. The Delft TRA (nicknamed Tsunami and Thubelisha), which was originally built by the ANC-led City of Cape Town for
222:
from a nearby informal settlement. This TRA is built and managed by the DA-led City of Cape Town. Symphony Way TRA is criticised for its barbed-wire fencing, police-controlled access to the camp, and its erosion of social networks.
69:. They cite government documents prioritising the development in light of its visibility near to the Cape Town Airport. They also cite the mass evictions that have taken place moving shackdwellers off the N2 corridor into Delft.
3500:
291:
2967:
1115:
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239:(COHRE) published a significant report criticising the N2 Gateway Project for its housing rights violations and for its lack of consultation with poor residents affected by the project.
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as "the biggest housing project ever undertaken by any
Government." Even though it is a joint endeavour by the National Department of Housing, the provincial government of the
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89:, and civil society. The Western Cape Housing MEC has recently admitted major structural defects to the Phase 1 flats saying that they may have to be demolished.
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According to DAG, in light of these costs and conditions, the policy intention is not achieved and the expense of establishing the TRA cannot be justified.
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as well as residents from
Symphony Way, an informal settlement that is also in conflict with the government over the N2 Gateway Housing Project.
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Newton, Caroline (2009). "The Reverse Side of the Medal: About the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the Beautification of the N2 in Cape Town".
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The South African government has stated that 14,000 homes housing 70,000 people at a cost of R2 billion was delivered by 2015.
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In 2007, Chris Harris, a professor in the department of geological sciences at UCT, found chrysotile and crocidolite (a.k.a.
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were admitted as friends of the court in support of Joe Slovo residents. Judgment in the case was reserved in August 2008.
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in favour of the Government, many experts in constitutional law have claimed the ruling to be unjust and against the
3554:
3188:"Media Briefing Remarks by Housing Minister, Lindiwe Sisulu on the Occasion of the 2006/2007 Budget Vote Statement"
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3501:"Facing Mass Eviction, residents of Cape Town's Joe Slovo settlement gather at SA Constitutional Court 21 August"
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Auditor-General: Report on the Special Audit of the N2 Gateway Project at the National Department of Housing
200:
Has and has had a huge financial cost to the municipality and possibly also to other government departments.
3645:"Living on the Edge: A study of the Delft temporary Relocation Area, by the Development Action Group, 2007"
2076:
2041:
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548:
406:
331:
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The Reverse Side of the Medal: About the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the Beautification of the N2 in Cape Town
148:
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190:. According to a study of Tsunami by the Development Action Group, the establishment of the Delft TRA:
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The global governance response to informal settlements – relieving or deepening marginalisation?
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The N2 Gateway is a highly controversial project and has been criticised by the Geneva-based
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3269:"UN affiliated COHRE letter to Mayor Dan Plato requesting a stop to Symphony Way evictions"
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27:, South Africa. It has been labelled by the national government's former Housing Minister
3775:"Report: N2 Gateway Project: Housing Rights Violations as 'Development' in South Africa"
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temporary relocation areas where residents were to be moved be of higher quality.
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Has increased vulnerability of the households affected by the Joe Slovo fire,
65:
Its detractors claim that the N2 Gateway is a beautification project for the
54:, by the South African Auditor General, by popular organisations such as the
2294:
2285:
2216:
1622:
1599:
1588:
915:
804:
558:
187:
44:
24:
336:
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To make way for Joe Slovo Phase 1 (a.k.a. N2 Gateway Phase 1), about 1,000
3731:"Report: N2 Gateway Project Special Audit Report: Department's responses"
3064:
2562:
2207:
1331:
1188:
208:
3335:"N2 Gateway and the Joe Slovo Informal Settlement: The New Crossroads?"
1472:
391:
127:
The community law centre of the University of the Western Cape and the
3431:
3429:
3427:
2199:
1355:
1134:
764:
116:
Since then, residents have appealed the decision and taken it to the
3205:
276:
3206:"Report: Housing and Evictions at the N2 Gateway Project in Delft"
1347:
163:
3716:
1097:
340:
16:
Housing project along the N2 freeway in Cape Town, South Africa
3587:"Joe Slovo Task Team to hold press conference at 16h30 today"
3389:"Cape Town Residents Protest against Gateway to Hell=M&G"
430:
267:
Western Cape Housing Crisis: Writings on Joe Slovo and Delft
214:
The other TRA is the Symphony Way TRA which has nicknamed '
3589:. Anti-Eviction Campaign. 24 August 2009. Archived from
277:
Housing and Evictions at the N2 Gateway Project in Delft
23:
is a large housebuilding project under construction in
3469:"No compassion for people who do not drive a Porsche?"
3406:"Report: MEC admits to shoddy N2 Gateway construction"
3220:"The Real Story Behind South Africa and the World Cup"
3483:"South Africans protest mass eviction order in court"
263:
by the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions (COHRE)
3745:"Report: Report slams running of N2 Gateway project"
3190:. SA Government Website. 14 May 2006. Archived from
243:
Photographs of the Projects and Affected Communities
3453:. Mail&Guardian. 5 October 2007. Archived from
3120:
3026:
2859:
2314:
2305:
2163:
1959:
1598:
1543:
1462:
1400:
1373:
1366:
1132:
964:
891:
849:
748:
731:
649:
546:
529:
453:
442:
374:
3400:
3398:
3363:"N2 Gateway Residents March on Parliament=M&G"
3408:. Eyewitness News. 25 August 2009. Archived from
3691:"Police Illegally Destroy Homes on Symphony Way"
3613:"Evictions suspended – shack dwellers reprieved"
680:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
1913:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
575:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
168:Photo of Blikkiesdorp Temporary Relocation Area
93:Joe Slovo Informal Settlement – Phase 2 & 3
3633:. Constitutionally Speaking. 8 September 2009.
3541:"Concourt: State must help Joe Slovo evictees"
218:' (or 'Tin Can Town') by residents as well as
1109:
352:
8:
3555:"A Partial Victory for Joe Slovo Residents"
619:South African Liberal Students' Association
3557:. Constitutionally Speaking. 10 June 2009.
3523:"Joe Slovo residents vow to fight removal"
2311:
1370:
1116:
1102:
1094:
846:
450:
359:
345:
337:
58:, by Constitutional Court experts such as
3693:. Anti-Eviction Campaign. Archived from
3631:"Sanity and humanity prevails – for now"
3569:"Sexwale puts eviction to Delft on hold"
1986:Reconstruction and Development Programme
211:) in material found in the Tsunami TRA.
3309:"N2 Gateway project provides new homes"
3179:
1582:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
2063:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
237:Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
129:Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
62:and by affected residents themselves.
52:Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions
235:In September 2009, the UN affiliated
7:
3439:. Mail&Guardian. 24 August 2008.
3208:. Abahlali baseMjondolo. 8 May 2008.
613:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
3505:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
1993:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1639:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
701:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
154:Temporary Relocation Areas in Delft
56:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
47:, is the main site of the Project.
3451:"'We don't want to live in Delft'"
3437:"'It's our duty not to be silent'"
636:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
581:Congress of South African Students
118:South African Constitutional Court
14:
3349:"Hiccups in grand housing design"
3145:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2780:South African Party (Cape Colony)
197:Has heightened community conflict
3157:
3156:
1078:
1077:
871:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
607:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
21:N2 Gateway Housing Pilot Project
3485:. Boston Banner. Archived from
2794:South African Party (1977–1980)
2787:South African Party (1911–1934)
2703:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
2500:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
625:South African Students Congress
3845:Urban planning in South Africa
3365:. 16 July 2007. Archived from
3295:"Listen to the shack-dwellers"
2112:2019 service delivery protests
2098:#FeesMustFall student protests
1843:1983 constitutional referendum
539:South Africa political parties
1:
3337:. M&G. 19 September 2007.
2570:Johannesburg Reform Committee
1799:Israel–South Africa Agreement
1192:
1177:
1154:
1147:
775:(Don't) touch me on my studio
631:South African Wine Initiative
317:Joe Slovo Informal Settlement
261:2009 Report on the N2 Gateway
3751:. 1 May 2009. Archived from
3471:. Constitutionally Speaking.
2225:Black Consciousness Movement
1979:Government of National Unity
723:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
569:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
1936:Saint James Church massacre
1822:Weapons of mass destruction
951:No Land! No House! No Vote!
865:No Land! No House! No Vote!
3866:
1676:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
1554:South West Africa campaign
1453:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1418:French Huguenot settlement
157:
146:
111:South African Constitution
3247:10.1007/s12132-009-9048-y
3154:
3131:African National Congress
2591:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1929:1992 apartheid referendum
1075:
718:Treatment Action Campaign
696:Landless Peoples Movement
664:South Africa trade unions
428:
279:by Kerry Chance, May 2008
255:Reports on the N2 Gateway
3840:Politics of South Africa
3351:. M&G. 30 June 2006.
3297:. M&G. 24 June 2009.
2584:Labour Party (1969–1994)
2577:Labour Party (1910–1958)
2133:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
2091:#RhodesMustFall protests
1690:1960 republic referendum
1037:Political assassinations
713:Social Justice Coalition
675:Mandela Park Backyarders
368:Politics of South Africa
43:, 40 km outside of
3850:Housing in South Africa
3271:. COHRE. Archived from
3029:terrorist organisations
2119:2019 Johannesburg riots
1732:Constructive engagement
1697:International isolation
1515:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
877:One Settler, One Bullet
105:by controversial judge
2042:Attack on Kennedy Road
1653:Congress of the People
1244:South African Republic
835:Anti-Chinese sentiment
820:White monopoly capital
686:Poor People's Alliance
436:
332:N2 Gateway occupations
303:by Caroline Newton in
169:
149:N2 Gateway Occupations
122:Anti-Eviction Campaign
103:Cape High Court ruling
87:Anti-Eviction Campaign
3511:on 10 September 2009.
2612:Natal Indian Congress
2332:Afrikaner Broederbond
2186:Afrikaner nationalism
1972:1994 general election
1943:Bophuthatswana crisis
1836:Church Street bombing
1616:Apartheid legislation
1609:1948 general election
1529:South Africa Act 1909
1324:Union of South Africa
1144:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1124:Political history of
1022:Legacies of apartheid
883:"Each One, Teach One"
840:Anti-Indian sentiment
785:Proudly South African
691:Abahlali baseMjondolo
466:Afrikaner nationalism
434:
167:
3543:. IOL. 10 June 2009.
3412:on 25 September 2009
3194:on 22 November 2008.
2246:Greater South Africa
2084:2014 platinum strike
1950:Shell House massacre
1878:Transkei coup d'état
1683:Sharpeville massacre
1446:Battle of Blaauwberg
1439:Battle of Muizenberg
1391:Battle of Salt River
1174:Mthethwa Paramountcy
1042:Political repression
937:Long Walk to Freedom
435:Flag of South Africa
3802: /
3755:on 7 September 2009
3657:on 5 September 2008
3619:. 4 September 2009.
3457:on 17 October 2007.
3275:on 23 November 2009
3138:Democratic Alliance
2315:Civic and political
2179:Afrikaner Calvinism
2172:African nationalism
2021:African Renaissance
1711:UNSC Resolution 591
1632:Internal resistance
1533:National Convention
1501:Transvaal Civil War
1425:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
1308:Orange River Colony
1032:Phala Phala robbery
930:I Write What I Like
755:African Renaissance
481:Black consciousness
461:African nationalism
249:Blikkiesdorp Photos
143:BNG Houses in Delft
67:2010 FIFA World Cup
3697:on 25 January 2010
3489:on 9 January 2009.
3313:vukuzenzele.gov.za
1885:Ciskei coup d'état
1704:UN Resolution 1761
1669:Women's March 1956
1522:South African Wars
1508:Mineral Revolution
437:
287:Marie Huchzermeyer
170:
3806:33.949°S 18.525°E
3717:"Forced Removals"
3593:on 27 August 2009
3529:. 25 August 2008.
3170:
3169:
3123:political parties
3116:
3115:
3093:Orde van die Dood
2710:Progressive Party
2416:Congress Alliance
2232:Cape Independence
2164:Political culture
2159:
2158:
2126:COVID-19 pandemic
2056:Marikana massacre
1892:Venda coup d'état
1646:Defiance Campaign
1236:Orange Free State
1166:Dutch Cape Colony
1091:
1090:
982:Cape Independence
960:
959:
902:African Communist
858:Amandla Ngawethu!
760:Alternative media
749:Political culture
741:South African law
645:
644:
531:Political parties
220:pavement dwellers
76:Joe Slovo Phase 1
37:City of Cape Town
3857:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3656:
3650:. Archived from
3649:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3575:. 7 August 2009.
3565:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3507:. Archived from
3497:
3491:
3490:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3433:
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3325:
3324:
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3305:
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3291:
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3284:
3282:
3280:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3184:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3027:Paramilitary and
3019:
3017:Umkosi Wezintaba
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2862:social movements
2860:Trade unions and
2852:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2381:Boerestaat Party
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2312:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2152:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1871:Dakar Conference
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1801:
1794:
1792:Israeli alliance
1787:
1780:
1773:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1746:Sporting boycott
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1718:Academic boycott
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1575:Great Depression
1570:
1563:
1561:Maritz rebellion
1556:
1536:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1411:Dutch settlement
1393:
1386:
1384:Bantu migrations
1371:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1335:
1327:
1319:
1316:Transvaal Colony
1311:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1284:Nieuwe Republiek
1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1220:Natalia Republic
1215:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1189:Ndwandwe Kingdom
1184:
1182:
1179:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1081:
1080:
1017:Land occupations
1012:Labour brokering
944:Molotov Cocktail
847:
708:Reclaim the City
656:Social movements
587:Earthlife Africa
486:Environmentalism
451:
361:
354:
347:
338:
271:Martin Legassick
3865:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3820:
3819:
3811:-33.949; 18.525
3810:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3677:"A lethal find"
3675:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3434:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3391:. 16 July 2007.
3387:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3370:
3369:on 26 July 2011
3361:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3222:. F4B Magazine.
3218:
3217:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2528:HNP (Herstigte)
2526:
2521:HNP (Herenigde)
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2339:Afrikaner Party
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2253:Honorary whites
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2155:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2014:Soweto bombings
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1815:Soweto Uprising
1813:
1806:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1739:Tar Baby Option
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:Freedom Charter
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1539:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1260:Griqualand West
1258:
1252:Griqualand East
1250:
1242:
1234:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1142:
1128:
1122:
1092:
1087:
1071:
1052:Sexual violence
972:Corrective rape
956:
893:
887:
845:
825:Ungovernability
780:Freedom Charter
744:
727:
670:Equal Education
654:
641:
550:
542:
525:
445:
438:
426:
370:
365:
313:
296:Auditor-General
273:, February 2008
257:
245:
229:
162:
156:
151:
145:
95:
78:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3863:
3861:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Human habitats
3822:
3821:
3784:
3783:
3766:
3736:
3722:
3708:
3682:
3668:
3636:
3622:
3604:
3578:
3560:
3546:
3532:
3514:
3492:
3474:
3460:
3442:
3423:
3394:
3380:
3354:
3340:
3326:
3315:. Vuk'uzenzele
3300:
3286:
3260:
3225:
3211:
3197:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3086:Ossewabrandwag
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2829:Unionist Party
2825:
2818:
2811:
2808:Torch Commando
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2682:Orde Boerevolk
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2458:DP (1989–2000)
2454:
2451:DP (1973–1977)
2447:
2444:Dominion Party
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2325:Afrikaner Bond
2320:
2318:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2265:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2239:Day of the Vow
2235:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2007:Floor crossing
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1922:Bisho massacre
1918:
1917:
1916:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1864:Operation Vula
1860:
1857:Rubicon speech
1853:
1850:Langa massacre
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1568:Rand Rebellion
1564:
1557:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1494:Boer Republics
1490:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1340:Bophuthatswana
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1300:Klein Vrystaat
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1200:
1185:
1170:
1162:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
968:
966:
962:
961:
958:
957:
955:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
897:
895:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
873:
868:
861:
853:
851:
844:
843:
842:
837:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
800:Tenderpreneurs
797:
792:
790:Rainbow nation
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
750:
746:
745:
737:
735:
729:
728:
726:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
704:
703:
698:
693:
683:
677:
672:
660:
658:
647:
646:
643:
642:
640:
639:
633:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
599:
597:Khanya College
594:
589:
584:
578:
572:
566:
561:
555:
553:
544:
543:
535:
533:
527:
526:
524:
523:
518:
513:
511:Pan-Africanism
508:
506:Libertarianism
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
455:
448:
440:
439:
429:
427:
425:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
378:
376:
372:
371:
366:
364:
363:
356:
349:
341:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
312:
309:
308:
307:
298:
289:
280:
274:
264:
256:
253:
252:
251:
244:
241:
228:
225:
202:
201:
198:
195:
182:, Crossroads,
155:
152:
144:
141:
94:
91:
77:
74:
29:Lindiwe Sisulu
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3862:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3274:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:Die Spoorbund
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2843:Workers Party
2840:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:Radio Freedom
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:Oranjewerkers
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
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2105:Tshwane riots
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2015:
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1808:Mafeje affair
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1778:Durban Moment
1775:
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1771:Rivonia Trial
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1725:Disinvestment
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1480:1820 Settlers
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815:UnFreedom Day
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602:Koeberg Alert
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564:Afrikanerbond
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551:organisations
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516:Non-racialism
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417:Northern Cape
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397:KwaZulu-Natal
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63:
61:
60:Pierre De Vos
57:
53:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3787:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3753:the original
3748:
3739:
3725:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3695:the original
3685:
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3652:the original
3639:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3591:the original
3581:
3572:
3563:
3549:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3509:the original
3495:
3487:the original
3477:
3463:
3455:the original
3445:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:the original
3383:
3371:. Retrieved
3367:the original
3357:
3343:
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3312:
3303:
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:the original
3263:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3214:
3200:
3192:the original
3182:
3161:
3121:Histories of
2822:United Party
2731:Reform Party
2668:Orangia Unie
2293:
2284:
2277:Swart gevaar
2275:
2259:
2215:
2206:
2147:
2049:Blikkiesdorp
1375:Pre-colonial
1228:Natal Colony
1212:Zulu Kingdom
1126:South Africa
1082:
1002:Gupta family
997:Farm attacks
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
738:
661:
651:Trade unions
577:(CONTRALESA)
536:
422:Western Cape
382:Eastern Cape
322:Symphony Way
304:
234:
230:
216:Blikkiesdorp
213:
206:
203:
171:
160:Blikkiesdorp
137:
133:
126:
115:
100:
96:
79:
71:
64:
49:
33:Western Cape
20:
18:
3809: /
3759:3 September
3617:The Sowetan
3597:3 September
3416:3 September
3235:Urban Forum
2261:Rooi gevaar
2140:2021 unrest
2070:Nkandlagate
1899:Third Force
1760:Rugby union
1358:(1981–1994)
1350:(1979–1994)
1342:(1977–1994)
1334:(1976–1994)
1326:(1910–1961)
1318:(1902–1910)
1310:(1902–1910)
1302:(1886–1891)
1294:(1885–1887)
1286:(1884–1888)
1278:(1882–1885)
1270:(1882–1883)
1262:(1870–1873)
1254:(1861–1879)
1246:(1856–1902)
1238:(1854–1902)
1230:(1843–1910)
1222:(1839–1843)
1214:(1816–1897)
1206:(1795–1910)
1204:Cape Colony
1196: 1780
1181: 1780
1168:(1652–1806)
1158: 1220
1151: 1075
1067:Third Force
1057:Shack fires
894:periodicals
375:By province
305:Urban Forum
180:Khayelitsha
107:John Hlophe
3824:Categories
3797:18°31′30″E
3794:33°56′56″S
3749:Cape Argus
3719:. Mercury.
3701:29 January
3679:. M&G.
3661:25 January
3573:Cape Argus
3527:Cape Argus
3373:19 January
3279:3 February
3241:: 93–108.
3174:References
3072:Greyshirts
2836:Volksparty
2374:Black Sash
2035:Xenophobia
2028:Travelgate
1785:Border War
1589:Bantustans
1487:Great Trek
1432:Xhosa Wars
1292:Upingtonia
1276:Stellaland
830:Xenophobia
770:Corruption
521:Trotskyism
501:Liberalism
491:Federalism
454:Ideologies
412:North West
407:Mpumalanga
387:Free State
158:See also:
147:See also:
3835:Cape Town
2295:Volkstaat
2286:Uitlander
2217:Boerehaat
2193:Anarchism
2000:Arms Deal
1963:apartheid
1623:Pass laws
1600:Apartheid
1545:1910–1948
1464:1815–1910
1402:1652–1815
1062:Terrorism
992:e-tolling
987:Elections
916:ANC Today
892:Books and
805:Toyi-toyi
592:Keep Left
559:AfriForum
549:political
471:Anarchism
446:movements
444:Political
227:Criticism
188:Gugulethu
175:Joe Slovo
82:Joe Slovo
45:Cape Town
25:Cape Town
3780:. COHRE.
3255:56043934
3163:Category
3065:Boeremag
2563:Jeugkrag
2514:Het Volk
2208:Baasskap
2150:incident
1753:Olympics
1332:Transkei
1135:polities
1133:Defunct
1084:Category
1047:Protests
1007:HIV/AIDS
795:Renaming
682:(PASSOP)
496:Feminism
476:Anti-war
311:See also
209:asbestos
101:After a
35:and the
3319:9 April
2968:SAAPAWU
2306:Defunct
2269:Slavery
1473:Mfecane
1027:Lindela
909:Amandla
850:Slogans
627:(SASCO)
621:(SALSA)
615:(PAGAD)
583:(COSAS)
402:Limpopo
392:Gauteng
3733:. PMG.
3253:
2919:FOSATU
2773:SAYRCO
2745:SADECO
2661:Occupy
2200:Azania
2148:Lady R
2077:Racism
1906:CODESA
1367:Events
1356:Ciskei
1268:Goshen
1198:–1819)
1183:–1817)
810:Ubuntu
765:Azania
638:(ZACF)
609:(LGEP)
547:Other
184:Nyanga
3778:(PDF)
3655:(PDF)
3648:(PDF)
3251:S2CID
3100:PAGAD
2996:SATUC
2989:SARHU
2975:SACTU
2954:NURHS
2912:FNETU
2898:CTSWU
2891:CNETU
2884:BLATU
2766:SAYCO
2654:NUSAS
2535:IDASA
2346:AITUP
1961:Post-
1348:Venda
977:Crime
965:Other
571:(AWB)
327:Delft
41:Delft
3761:2009
3703:2009
3663:2009
3599:2009
3418:2009
3375:2009
3321:2020
3281:2010
3107:SANF
3037:APLA
2982:SAIF
2961:PAWE
2947:NEUM
2940:MUSA
2905:FCWU
2850:WOSA
2801:TNIP
2759:SASO
2752:SAIC
2738:SABP
2689:PAVN
2423:COSG
2402:CTEG
2395:CNIP
923:Biko
739:see
662:see
537:see
186:and
19:The
3243:doi
3058:BBB
3051:AWB
3044:ARM
3010:UDF
2933:IWW
2926:ICU
2877:BCM
2870:APF
2815:UFP
2717:PRP
2696:PFP
2647:NRP
2640:NPP
2626:NNP
2619:NLP
2605:NCP
2556:ISL
2507:GNP
2479:ECC
2472:DSM
2465:DPP
2437:DLF
2409:COD
2388:CDA
2367:BPC
2360:AVF
2353:APO
733:Law
653:and
294:by
285:by
269:by
3826::
3747:.
3615:.
3571:.
3525:.
3503:.
3426:^
3397:^
3311:.
3249:.
3239:20
3237:.
3079:MK
2633:NP
2598:NA
2549:IP
2542:ID
2493:FD
2486:FA
2430:CP
1193:c.
1178:c.
1155:c.
1148:c.
113:.
3763:.
3705:.
3665:.
3601:.
3420:.
3377:.
3323:.
3283:.
3257:.
3245::
1535:)
1531:(
1191:(
1176:(
1160:)
1153:–
1146:(
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1103:v
879:"
875:"
867:"
863:"
860:"
856:"
360:e
353:t
346:v
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