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authorities and defines their responsibilities. Supplementing the NEA are various orders in council, royal decrees, ministerial and ANVS (Authority for
Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection) regulations, as well as the Nuclear Safety Guidelines. These guidelines, which apply to nuclear installations and facilities, are based on
290:. Additionally, the existing Borssele nuclear power plant site has been designated for two of the new reactors, targeted for completion by 2035, and the plan includes considering additional nuclear stations, such as small modular reactors, to enhance the country's energy independence and sustainability.
277:
In 2023, the Dutch government announced a significant expansion of its nuclear energy program, proposing the construction of at least four large nuclear reactors by 2040, a substantial increase from the initial goal of two reactors. To support this, funding will be more than tripled from €4.5 billion
853:
The Dutch nuclear sector is regulated by a comprehensive legal framework, prominently outlined in the
Nuclear Energy Act (NEA). This framework law establishes basic rules for the use of nuclear technologies and materials and includes provisions for radiation protection. It designates competent
733:
Nuclear energy contributes about 10% of the electricity used in the
Netherlands, primarily sourced from the Borssele nuclear power station. The plant produces approximately 4 billion kilowatt hours (kWh) of nuclear energy annually, providing enough electricity to power over 1 million homes.
261:
emissions and meet the
European Union goals for tackling climate change. Part of this preparation is the launch of a feasibility study, looking at the advantages and disadvantages of the use of nuclear power to tackle climate change.
269:
designated the existing
Borssele nuclear power plant site as the preferred location for two new reactors. It has also called for a feasibility study into extending the operation of the existing Borssele plant beyond 2033. The
227:, would invest 500 million euros in sustainable energy, together with the government's money, which, the government claims, should have otherwise been paid to the plant's owners as compensation. After the
249:
In
November 2019, an opinion poll found that 61% of Dutch voters are in favor of the installation of new nuclear plants in the Netherlands, with a noticeable discrepancy between right- and left-wing voters.
215:
after a discussion of nuclear waste management. In 1997, the power station at
Dodewaard was shut down and the government planned to end Borssele's operating license in 2003. In 2003, with a
219:
in power, the shutdown was postponed to 2013. In 2006, the government decided that
Borssele would remain open until 2034, if it complied with the highest safety standards. The owners,
1311:
989:
278:
to €14 billion. A tender process is slated to begin by mid-2025 to select technology for the first two large reactors, potentially involving major global suppliers such as
734:
Additionally, the
Netherlands supplements its domestic nuclear energy production by importing electricity from nuclear power plants in neighboring countries, notably
1341:
32:
1198:
173:(today Energy & Health Campus) in 1955. The researchers' goal was to introduce nuclear power technology by 1962 and reduce the need for fossil fuels.
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116:
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In total, 10 nuclear reactors (2 power generating and 8 non-power generating) of various sizes and uses have been built in the
Netherlands.
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855:
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Safety Standards and other relevant international codes and standards, which are integral to the licensing process for reactors.
235:
was open to expanding nuclear power. Both of the companies that share ownership of Borssele are proposing to build new reactors.
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192:. In 1984, the government decided to create a long-term (100 years) storage facility for all intermediate and low-level
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In January 2012, Delta announced the postponing of any decision to start building a second nuclear power plant.
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In November 2018, a majority of the Dutch parliament supported the construction of new nuclear power plants.
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stated that it wants to prepare for the construction of two new nuclear power plants in order to reduce CO
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Timeline of all nuclear reactors (power and non-power) built in the Netherlands (1955 - 2024)
201:
130:
108:
1120:[House of Representatives wants four major nuclear power plants instead of two].
126:
was a test reactor that was later attached to the national grid but was closed in 1997.
176:
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115:, which became operational in 1973 and as of 2011 produces 485 MW and about 4% of the
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later urged the government to investigate the construction of two more reactors.
907:
104:
145:. Neither of these two are designed for energy provision, but are used as a
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1078:"Dit weten we van de miljardenplannen van het aanstaande kabinet-Rutte IV"
1023:"Grote verschillen tussen kiezers regeringspartijen t.a.v. Klimaatplannen"
739:
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and research strategies for ultimate disposal. In September 2003, the
91:
84:
735:
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220:
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in the 1930s and began the construction of research reactor at then
1172:"KEMA krijgt vergunning opstarten KSTR | Kernenergie in Nederland"
1146:"Netherlands: New Government Commits to Expanded New Nuclear Role"
197:
1369:
1118:"Tweede Kamer wil vier grote kerncentrales in plaats van twee"
1077:
184:
In the 1970s, the Dutch chose a policy that required the
962:"Holland slashes carbon targets, shuns wind for nuclear"
1745:
1697:
1659:
1401:
1287:"Nuclear energy – Renewable energy – Government.nl"
744:
990:"Energiepolitik: Holland plant strahlende Zukunft"
1199:"THE COUPLED FAST-THERMAL CRITICAL FACILITY STEK"
1052:"Nederland wil twee nieuwe kerncentrales bouwen"
1285:Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (26 July 2017).
165:Researchers in the Netherlands began studying
1381:
8:
141:in Delft, part of the physics department of
1342:"The Netherlands 2020 Energy Policy Review"
1388:
1374:
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198:Central Organization for Radioactive Waste
1104:"Borssele earmarked for two new reactors"
200:created an interim storage facility for
175:
77:Nuclear power plants in the Netherlands(
1312:"bp Statistical Review of World Energy"
899:
149:- and positron-source for research and
137:in Petten, North Holland, and the 2 MW
746:Nuclear energy Consumption 2011-2021 (
988:Gassmann, Michael (8 February 2011).
960:Orlowski, Andrew (10 February 2011).
873:Electricity sector in the Netherlands
7:
623:Materials testing/research reactor
1021:Maurice de Hond (3 November 2019).
878:Hydroelectricity in the Netherlands
1340:International Energy Agency, IEA.
934:"Nuclear Power in the Netherlands"
908:"Nuclear Power in the Netherlands"
25:
129:The Netherlands hosts two active
55:
18:Nuclear energy in the Netherlands
1774:Nuclear power in the Netherlands
1232:"De Lage Flux Reactor te Petten"
1230:Boogardt, M. (26 October 1960).
1197:Kippel, H. Th. (February 1974).
90:
83:
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39:
38:
31:
729:Domestic production and imports
284:Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power
1237:. De Ignenieur. Archived from
1058:(in Flemish). 15 December 2021
883:Solar power in the Netherlands
143:Delft University of Technology
1:
888:Wind power in the Netherlands
516:Zero power critical assembly
481:Zero power critical assembly
124:Dodewaard nuclear power plant
1084:(in Dutch). 13 December 2021
753:
113:Borssele nuclear power plant
998:(in German). Archived from
995:Financial Times Deutschland
718:In Operation - Likely 2033
553:Pool type research reactor
446:Pool type research reactor
294:Reactors in the Netherlands
151:medical isotope production.
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697:Pressurised water reactor
939:World Nuclear Association
912:World Nuclear Association
868:Energy in the Netherlands
171:Reactor Centrum Nederland
1396:Nuclear energy in Europe
1126:(in Dutch). 5 March 2024
358:Decommisioning Completed
272:House of Representatives
528:Light Water + Graphite
213:phase out nuclear power
209:Netherlands' parliament
1444:Bosnia and Herzegovina
660:Boiling water reactor
265:In December 2022, the
253:In December 2021, the
181:
1321:(71st ed.). 2022
179:
117:country's electricity
505:Converted into STEK
267:Fourth Rutte cabinet
255:Fourth Rutte cabinet
74:class=notpageimage|
1660:States with limited
1244:on 3 September 2024
1211:on 3 September 2024
1150:Energy Intelligence
914:(WNA). January 2011
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748:EJ input-equivalent
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88: Active plants
1264:"Algemeen Dagblad"
1178:. 3 September 2024
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343:Construction Start
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190:spent nuclear fuel
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107:' only commercial
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348:First Criticality
194:radioactive waste
131:research reactors
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1266:. 21 June 1973
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1689:Transnistria
1352:. Retrieved
1348:
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1323:. Retrieved
1318:
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1294:. Retrieved
1290:
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1268:. Retrieved
1258:
1246:. Retrieved
1239:the original
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1206:the original
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1149:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1081:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:De Standaard
1055:
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1029:
1016:
1004:. Retrieved
1000:the original
993:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:The Register
965:
955:
943:. Retrieved
937:
928:
916:. Retrieved
902:
852:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
747:
732:
709:Light Water
684:Likely 2040
672:Light Water
635:Light Water
600:Light Water
565:Light Water
493:Light Water
458:Light Water
421:Light Water
384:Light Water
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
318:Reactor Type
317:
312:
308:Reactor Name
307:
297:
288:Westinghouse
276:
264:
252:
248:
245:
242:
206:
186:reprocessing
183:
164:
133:, the 45 MW
128:
121:
102:
96:
62:
26:
1727:Isle of Man
1662:recognition
1636:Switzerland
1571:Netherlands
1270:3 September
1248:3 September
1215:3 September
1182:3 September
1006:21 February
973:21 February
945:27 February
918:21 February
715:20/06/1973
712:02/07/1969
681:26/03/1997
678:26/03/1969
675:23/09/1963
641:09/11/1961
638:28/08/1957
606:28/09/1960
571:06/02/1969
568:08/06/1966
534:22/05/1969
531:19/04/1967
502:19/04/1967
499:29/03/1963
433:14/10/2009
430:01/02/1980
427:09/04/1963
406:Wageningen
390:22/05/1974
387:28/02/1963
372:Homogenous
105:Netherlands
1606:San Marino
1566:Montenegro
1546:Luxembourg
1526:Kazakhstan
1429:Azerbaijan
1088:24 January
1062:24 January
1036:3 November
1032:(in Dutch)
894:References
657:Dodewaard
653:Doodewaard
609:?/12/2010
603:?/12/1959
550:Eindhoven
461:?/11/1958
424:?/05/1961
239:Post-2000s
122:The older
1717:Gibraltar
1541:Lithuania
588:Argonaut
574:?/?/1973
537:?/?/1973
519:<100W
484:<100W
338:Moderator
211:voted to
161:Pre-2000s
64:Dodewaard
1768:Category
1737:Svalbard
1722:Guernsey
1669:Abkhazia
1621:Slovenia
1616:Slovakia
1591:Portugal
1449:Bulgaria
862:See also
706:Thermal
690:Borssele
669:Thermal
632:Thermal
597:Thermal
562:Thermal
490:Thermal
455:Thermal
418:Thermal
381:Thermal
313:Location
47:Borssele
1646:Ukraine
1596:Romania
1556:Moldova
1514:Ireland
1509:Iceland
1504:Hungary
1494:Germany
1489:Georgia
1479:Finland
1474:Estonia
1469:Denmark
1454:Croatia
1439:Belgium
1434:Belarus
1424:Austria
1419:Armenia
1414:Andorra
1409:Albania
1349:iea.org
1130:5 March
1030:Peil.nl
740:Germany
703:485 MW
620:Petten
585:Petten
513:Petten
478:Petten
412:100 kW
375:100 kW
369:Arnhem
188:of all
156:History
147:neutron
1732:Jersey
1674:Kosovo
1641:Turkey
1631:Sweden
1611:Serbia
1601:Russia
1586:Poland
1581:Norway
1561:Monaco
1531:Latvia
1499:Greece
1484:France
1459:Cyprus
1354:24 May
1325:24 May
1319:bp.com
1296:24 May
1156:24 May
1082:nos.nl
736:France
666:60 MW
626:45 MW
591:30 kW
556:10 kW
546:ATHENE
475:KRITO
464:1963?
443:Delft
286:, and
231:, the
221:Essent
95:
1707:Åland
1626:Spain
1551:Malta
1521:Italy
1345:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1242:(PDF)
1235:(PDF)
1209:(PDF)
1202:(PDF)
1026:(PDF)
842:0.03
839:0.04
836:0.04
833:0.03
830:0.03
827:0.04
824:0.04
821:0.04
818:0.03
815:0.04
812:0.04
612:2013
510:STEK
449:2 MW
396:1991
393:1977
225:Delta
1356:2024
1327:2024
1298:2024
1272:2024
1250:2024
1217:2024
1184:2024
1158:2024
1132:2024
1090:2022
1064:2022
1038:2019
1008:2011
975:2011
947:2022
920:2011
856:IAEA
806:2021
801:2020
796:2019
791:2018
786:2017
781:2016
776:2015
771:2014
766:2013
761:2012
756:2011
738:and
721:N/A
647:N/A
629:N/A
617:HFR
594:N/A
582:LFR
559:N/A
522:N/A
487:N/A
470:N/A
452:N/A
415:N/A
402:BARN
378:N/A
365:KSTR
223:and
103:The
79:view
1123:NOS
439:HOR
280:EDF
139:RID
135:HFR
111:is
1770::
1347:.
1317:.
1289:.
1174:.
1148:.
1080:.
1054:.
1028:.
992:.
964:.
936:.
910:.
750:)
742:.
700:?
663:?
577:?
540:?
496:?
409:?
282:,
204:.
119:.
1389:e
1382:t
1375:v
1358:.
1329:.
1300:.
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1106:.
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1066:.
1040:.
1010:.
977:.
949:.
922:.
259:2
81:)
20:)
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