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479:, foreign governments have felt a need to be ambiguous regarding Taiwan. The PRC pressures states to recognize it as the sole legitimate representative of China, with which most states comply. In practice, however, most states maintain different levels of ambiguity on their attitudes to the Taiwan issue: see
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against Iran and
Hezbollah), exceptions to its policy became more prominent. Israel actively acknowledged that its intervention in the war has been limited to missile strikes, which until 2017 were not officially acknowledged. Israel has also made rare exceptions to this policy to deny involvement in
514:
India's Draft
Nuclear Doctrine of 2003 affirms its policies of "No First Use" and "Credible Minimum Deterrence", limiting its nuclear weapons posture. In spite of that, senior officials have implied that the country may have expanded their posture to include first-strike capabilities. It is not clear
706:
in reference to the use of chemical weapons on August 20, just one day prior. Specifically, Obama said: "We have been very clear to the Assad regime, but also to other players on the ground, that a red line for us is we start seeing a whole bunch of chemical weapons moving around or being utilized.
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Official U.S. Navy policy is "not to deploy nuclear weapons aboard surface ships, naval aircraft, attack submarines, or guided missile submarines. However, we do not discuss the presence or absence of nuclear weapons aboard specific ships, submarines, or aircraft.” Because the U.S. Navy refuses to
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As an example, in
October 2021, President Biden announced a commitment that the United States would defend Taiwan if attacked by the People's Republic of China. But then the White House quickly clarified: "The president was not announcing any change in our policy and there is no change in our
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East German citizens were treated as West German citizens upon arrival in West
Germany and exports to East Germany were treated as if they were domestic trade. That created a deliberately ambiguous policy that reconciled the demand by the rest of the world for West Germany to acknowledge the
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of being deliberately ambiguous with regard to all or certain aspects of its operational or positional policies. This is typically a way to avoid direct conflict while maintaining a masked more assertive or threatening position on a subject (broadly, a geopolitical
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has also seemingly abandoned strategic ambiguity, having said on several occasions that the United States would defend Taiwan if it was attacked. After each of these remarks, however, the White House declared that there had been no official change in policy.
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With regard to notable targeted killings and assassination attempts, Israel has often exhibited a more nuanced approach to policies of intentional ambiguity, as demonstrated by numerous assassination attempts on
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In May 2022 Biden again stated that the U.S. would intervene militarily if China invaded Taiwan. Though a White House official again stated that the statement did not indicate a policy shift.
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confirm whether any particular ship is or is not carrying nuclear weapons, this was an effective ban on the ships' entry into New
Zealand territory. In response, the United States
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Another historic use of this policy is whether the United States would retaliate to a chemical or biological attack with nuclear weapons; specifically, during the
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781:. Therefore, by not acknowledging that Israel likely has nuclear weapons, the US avoids having to sanction it for violating American anti-proliferation law.
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stated that he would "do whatever it takes" to defend Taiwan. He later used more ambiguous language, stating in 2003 that "The United States policy is
527:, which its commentators term "nuclear ambiguity" or "nuclear opacity". It is a general consensus that Israel is in possession of nuclear weapons.
538:. Prior to 2017, Israel generally neither confirmed or denied whether Israel was involved in the deaths of suspected terrorists on foreign soil.
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The United States also tolerates Israel's deliberate ambiguity as to whether Israel has nuclear weapons. Israel is not a signatory to the
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leaders and an invasion of Taiwan by the PRC. The United States seemingly abandoned strategic ambiguity in 2001 after then-President
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The United States has numerous ambiguous policies relating to its positions on Taiwan. This issue is at the cornerstone of
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recognizing East
Germany in the 1970s, despite still maintaining several policies in accordance with the fictive but
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and other various international organizations and events participate under the deliberately ambiguous name of "
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existence of East
Germany and the desire by the vast majority of West German politicians to avoid recognizing
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1339:"OPNAVINST 5721.1F, RELEASE OF INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND ON NUCLEAR CAPABILITIES OF U.S. FORCES"
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The United States has utilized numerous policies of strategic ambiguity in numerous geopolitical areas.
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that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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broke US policy and damaged U.S. interests by failing to take sufficient action against the regime of
1130:. Vol. Asian alliances working paper series, paper 7. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
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whether this is an instance of deliberate ambiguity or merely discord among Indian leadership.
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to the commanders of the submarines on what action to take in such circumstances.
1036:"IDF official said to confirm attack in Syria: 'First strike on Iranian targets'"
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nuclear-free country. This ban includes its 12 nmi (22-kilometer; 14-mile)
1382:"What the U.S. Government Really Thought of Israel's Apparent 1979 Nuclear Test"
401:
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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424:(PRC) rules Mainland China under a one-party system and Hong Kong and Macau as
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Arms
Control Association: U.S. Nuclear Policy: "Negative Security Assurances"
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1307:"Analysis | President Obama and the 'red line' on Syria's chemical weapons"
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Strategic ambiguities: Essays on communication, organization, and identity
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Chan, Gerald (1985). "The "Two-Chinas" Problem and the
Olympic Formula".
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1241:"Biden Said the U.S. Would Protect Taiwan. But It's Not That Clear-Cut"
923:
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Nuclear Free: The New Zealand Way: Books: David Lange, Michael Gifkins
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1054:"U.S. officials confirm Israel launched pre-dawn airstrike on Syria"
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988:"Vague, Opaque and Ambiguous — Israel's Hush-Hush Nuclear Policy"
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Israel has also practiced deliberate ambiguity over the issue of
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partially suspended New Zealand from the ANZUS military alliance
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That would change my calculus. That would change my equation."
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from its sovereign territory; thereby making it a military
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In early April 2015, an editorial in the British newspaper
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1259:"Biden: US would intervene with military to defend Taiwan"
1215:"China vows no concessions on Taiwan after Biden comments"
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stated that New Zealand was "a friend, but not an ally".
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Israel is deliberately ambiguous as to whether or not
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in the event that the government were destroyed by a
879:"What is the right amount of 'Strategic Ambiguity'?"
1098:"The UK's nuclear deterrent: what you need to know"
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Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1124:The United States Security Partnership with Taiwan
779:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
816:legal principle of there being only one Germany.
1142:"Bush vows 'whatever it takes' to defend Taiwan"
628:. This policy was intended to discourage both a
755:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
448:, which the ROC collectively refers to as the "
404:over all of China, which they claim includes
8:
584:is deliberately ambiguous about whether its
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1380:Cohen, Abner; Burr, William (2016-12-08).
667:Response to chemical or biological warfare
494:and the following 1981 agreement with the
485:Foreign relations of the Republic of China
954:
342:Learn how and when to remove this message
277:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
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679:. Some commentators believe President
721:United States Navy Nuclear Propulsion
420:, as well as some other islands. The
7:
596:. Upon taking office, the incoming
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1195:American Enterprise Institute - AEI
1015:. Federation of American Scientists
986:Bronner, Ethan (October 13, 2010).
695:near Damascus on August 21, 2013.
498:, those from Taiwan who attend the
1191:"The Fourth Taiwan Strait Slip-Up"
1163:"Bush Opposes Taiwan Independence"
450:Free area of the Republic of China
387:Examples of geopolitical ambiguity
25:
1284:"What, exactly, is a 'red line'?"
396:Currently, two governments claim
306:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
45:This article has multiple issues.
711:Nuclear weapons on surface ships
624:and a central sticking point in
452:". For further background, see
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110:"Policy of deliberate ambiguity"
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1282:Wordsworth, Dot (8 June 2013).
1239:Sanger, David E. (2021-10-22).
691:on civilians in the village of
541:However, with the onset of the
496:International Olympic Committee
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
675:. Related is the notion of a
622:United States–Taiwan relations
426:special administrative regions
360:policy of deliberate ambiguity
1:
1305:Kessler, Glenn (2013-09-06).
883:www.theuncertaintyproject.org
729:, New Zealand has banned all
717:New Zealand nuclear-free zone
626:United States–China relations
550:certain killings in the war.
937:Sultan, Adil (August 2018).
586:ballistic missile submarines
525:it possesses nuclear weapons
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1189:Cooper, Zack (2022-09-19).
467:Owing to the controversial
362:(also known as a policy of
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1403:Eisenberg, Eric M (2007),
1013:"Nuclear weapons – Israel"
773:Nuclear weapons and Israel
739:nuclear powered propulsion
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588:would carry out a nuclear
473:People's Republic of China
469:political status of Taiwan
422:People's Republic of China
1407:, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
1072:"From Russia with Menace"
1286:. The Spectator magazine
319:may contain suggestions.
304:may need to be rewritten
1435:International relations
490:Starting with the 1979
370:) is the practice by a
1121:Bush, Richard (2016).
733:means of war, whether
689:Ghouta chemical attack
630:unilateral declaration
602:letters of last resort
462:Cross-Strait relations
199:by rewriting it in an
27:Type of foreign policy
1355:Lange, David (1990).
1040:www.timesofisrael.com
956:10.31945/iprij.180202
790:East and West Germany
715:Further information:
368:strategic uncertainty
1144:. CNN TV. 2001-04-25
849:Non-Aligned Movement
702:had used the phrase
594:nuclear first strike
547:Israel's involvement
95:improve this article
785:Historical Examples
364:strategic ambiguity
1245:The New York Times
992:The New York Times
834:Country neutrality
800:Hallstein Doctrine
751:territorial waters
442:Pescadores Islands
432:(ROC) governs the
354:In the context of
201:encyclopedic style
188:is written like a
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854:Flexible response
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753:as per the
402:sovereignty
383:strategy).
1429:Categories
1366:0140145192
1324:2018-06-14
1268:2022-05-24
1225:2021-10-22
1200:2023-07-25
1175:2016-02-18
1148:2007-02-05
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865:References
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704:"red line"
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794:After
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562:Russia
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440:, the
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1128:(PDF)
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