700:
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278:). In addition to the three previously mentioned siting reasons, the US Air Force had other site requirements that were also taken into account such as, having the sites be close enough to a populace of roughly 50,000 people for community support along with making sure launch locations were far enough apart that a 10 MT detonation on or near strategic locations would not knock out other launch facilities in the area. "In 1960 the US Army established the Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office (CEBMCO), an independent organization under the
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57:
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together in a line. The idea was that to disable the Dense Pack, the enemy would have to launch many missiles, and the missiles would arrive at different times. The missiles arriving later would have to pass through the debris cloud of the first missile's explosion, damaging the follow-up missiles and limiting their effectiveness. The proposed Dense Pack initiative met with strong criticism in the media and in the government, and the idea was never implemented.
221:
520:
187:. The facility was designed with an immense concrete dome to store a large stockpile of V-2s, warheads and fuel, and was intended to launch V-2s on an industrial scale. Dozens of missiles a day were to be fuelled, prepared and rolled just outdoors of the facility's concrete casing, launched from either of two outdoor launch pads in rapid sequence against London and southern England. A similar-purpose but less-developed facility, the
654:
484:
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699:
495:
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426:
425:
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The United States built many missile silos in the
Midwest, away from populated areas. Many were built in Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. The U.S. spent considerable effort and funds in the 1970s and 1980s designing a replacement, but none of the new and complex system designs were
476:
ICBMs, developed under the Reagan administration, for the purpose of maximizing their survivability in case of a surprise nuclear first-strike on their silos conducted by a hostile foreign power. According to the Dense Pack strategy, a series of ten to twelve hardened silos would be grouped closely
450:
ICBM configurations consist of one LCC that controls ten LFs (1 × 10). Five LCCs and their fifty associated LFs make up a squadron. Three squadrons make up a wing. Measures were taken such that if any one LCC was disabled, a separate LCC within the squadron would take control of its ten ICBMs.
344:
The third version were stored horizontally, but better protected in a concrete building known as a "coffin", then raised to the vertical shortly before launch. These rather poorly protected designs were a consequence of the cryogenic liquid fuels used, which required the missiles to be stored
391:(LCC) with one LF configuration (1 × 1). Titan missiles (both I and II) were located near their command and control operations personnel. Access to the missile was through tunnels connecting the launch control center and launch facility. An example of this can be seen at the
273:
on either seaboard, giving the silos more warning time in the event of a nuclear war; and locating obvious targets as far away as possible from major population centres. They had many defense systems to keep out intruders and other defense systems to prevent destruction (see
137:, which could be stored in the missiles, allowing for rapid launches. Both countries' liquid-fueled missile systems were moved into underground silos. The introduction of solid fuel systems, in the later 1960s, made the silo moving and launching even easier.
293:
Today they are still used, although many have been decommissioned and hazardous materials removed. The increase of decommissioned missile silos has led governments to sell some of them to private individuals. Some buyers convert them into unique
454:
The LGM-30 LFs and LCCs are separated by several miles, connected only electronically. This distance ensures that a nuclear attack could only disable a very small number of ICBMs, leaving the rest capable of being launched immediately.
289:
The United States has many silo-based warheads in service, however, they have lowered their number to around 1800 and have transferred most of their missiles to nuclear submarines and are focusing on more advanced conventional weapons.
282:, to supervise construction". This newly established organization was able to produce Minutemen Launch silos at an extremely fast rate of ~1.8 per day from 1961 to 1966 where they built a total of 1,000 Minuteman missile silos.
208:
629:
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and other western states. There were three main reasons behind this siting: reducing the flight trajectory between the United States and the Soviet Union, since the missiles would travel north over Canada and the
348:
The fourth version were stored vertically in underground silos, for the Atlas F ICBM. They were fueled in the silo, and then since they could not be launched from within the silo, were raised to the surface to
1257:
236:
The
British idea of an underground missile silo was adopted and developed by the United States for missile launch facilities for its intercontinental ballistic missiles. Most silos were based in
3070:
949:(1945). "Wizernes". Investigation of the "Heavy" Crossbow Installations in Northern France. Report by the Sanders Mission to the Chairman of the Crossbow Committee. III. Technical details.
749:
weapons, but is now concentrating development on expanding its submarine and road-capable mobile weapons, especially for tunnel networks. Two silos fields appear to be under construction.
543:
1147:
836:
729:
1195:
1250:
559:
140:
The underground missile silo has remained the primary missile basing system and launch facility for land-based missiles since the 1960s. The increased accuracy of
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797:
weapons, having built a system of underground missile silos to protect missiles from detection and (above-ground) launch facilities from aerial destruction.
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1033:
531:
842:
64:
1173:
1783:
824:
147:
Other than underground facilities, ballistic missiles can be launched from above-ground facilities, or can be launched from mobile platforms, e.g.
519:
333:
The second version were stored horizontally in a shed-like structure with a retractable roof, to then be raised to the vertical and launched, at
641:
507:
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616:
191:, had also been built, some 14.4 kilometers (8.9 miles) north-northwest of La Coupole, and closer to intended targets in southeastern England.
220:
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758:
409:
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96:
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1944 conjectural reconstruction of the rocket preparation chamber and tunnels (on the assumption that A4 rockets were to be handled).
3295:
830:
794:
198:, the Germans were unable to complete construction of the works and the complex never entered service. The United Kingdom conducted
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1121:
334:
202:, determining that it was "an assembly site for long projectiles most conveniently handled and prepared in a vertical position".
1217:
3711:
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746:
175:
facility is the earliest known precursor to modern underground missile silos still in existence. It was built by the forces of
43:
1688:
1551:
1546:
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160:
100:
998:
3706:
873:
403:
119:
922:
785:. The silos are reportedly designed for mid- to long-range missiles, but it is not clear if all of them are operational.
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148:
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608:
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for a few of its long-range ballistic missile arsenal and storage, but most of its systems are road mobile capable.
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2661:
1693:
1622:
1617:
898:
327:
188:
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2735:
1724:
878:
669:
The United
Kingdom did not have any silo ICBMs. During the 1960s several surface based erector launcher pads for
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323:
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1972:
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354:
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1703:
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outside Moscow, was completed by the Soviet Union in 1971, and remains in use by the
Russian Federation.
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3005:
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1894:
1587:
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1006:
361:
manufacturing case in history, of conspiracy to manufacture large quantities of LSD in a decommissioned
152:
134:
56:
31:
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1936:
1818:
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1904:
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1572:
1536:
1317:
473:
447:
1066:
133:
missile series, underground silos changed in the 1960s. Both missile series introduced the use of
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1612:
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918:
806:
279:
195:
91:, is a vertical cylindrical structure constructed underground, for the storage and launching of
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2940:
2787:
2373:
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1929:
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1437:
883:
693:(Strategic Missile Troops) controls Russia's land-based inter-continental ballistic missiles.
440:
303:
275:
141:
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3015:
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130:
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3060:
3040:
3025:
2580:
2575:
2543:
2304:
2246:
2234:
2216:
2083:
2064:
1990:
1967:
1750:
1473:
1061:
1019:
946:
782:
603:
The former Soviet Union had missile silos in Russia and adjacent Soviet states during the
180:
50:
27:
Underground structure for the storage and launching of intercontinental ballistic missiles
3644:
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3305:
3290:
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3090:
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1899:
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1632:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1412:
1235:
1196:"Revealed: Iran's seven mountainside missile silos discovered in new satellite imagery"
620:
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60:
39:
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2004:
1983:
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1392:
1377:
1372:
1347:
770:
315:
115:
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Pakistan has built hard and deeply buried storage and launch facilities to retain a
17:
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2013:
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720:
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550:
249:
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2345:
2153:
1962:
1909:
1745:
1637:
1582:
1499:
1382:
670:
362:
144:
systems has rendered them somewhat more vulnerable than they were in the 1960s.
995:"To Defend and Deter: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Missile Program"
3551:
3531:
3371:
3343:
3274:
3150:
3105:
3035:
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2029:
927:
469:
266:
199:
184:
172:
35:
118:" on top. They are usually connected, physically and/or electronically, to a
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2718:
2713:
2646:
2287:
2200:
2130:
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1914:
1884:
1845:
1811:
1513:
1407:
1327:
1122:"China appears to be expanding its nuclear capabilities, US researchers say"
612:
299:
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3205:
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2811:
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1997:
1977:
1957:
1924:
1468:
1422:
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1312:
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1950:
1943:
1889:
1729:
1647:
1367:
1332:
932:
378:
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261:
257:
111:
1140:"World | Pakistan enhances second strike N-capability: US report"
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2501:
2439:
2383:
2361:
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2022:
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1836:
1806:
1509:
1458:
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443:
126:
723:
IRBM on the Albion
Plateau. They were in service from 1971 to 1996.
3622:
3566:
3310:
2835:
2666:
2506:
1827:
1357:
860:
673:
IRBMs were installed but were removed just a few years later when
419:
1761:
553:
missile being worked on, in its underground silo launch facility.
2604:
2446:
2413:
2388:
2180:
2170:
2139:
2118:
1402:
1281:
381:
missile used a similar silo basing of the fourth Atlas version.
295:
270:
1765:
1239:
322:
The first version were vertical and above-ground launchers, at
928:"Пуск Ракеты "ЯРС" РС-24 The launch of a Rocket "YARS" RS -24"
358:
302:, or use them for other purposes. They are popular sites of
735:
Missile silo cover at Sirene
Observatory, Plateau d'Albion.
691:
Strategic Rocket Forces of the
Russian Federation (RVSN RF)
569:
missile launches from its underground silo launch facility.
993:
Winkler, David F.; Lonnquest, John C. (November 1, 1996).
525:
Titan-II ICBM silo test launch, Vandenberg Air Force Base.
435:, California, United States of America on 9 February 2023.
30:"Launch facility" redirects here. Not to be confused with
194:
Following repeated heavy bombing by Allied forces during
1092:"HISTOIRE DE MISSILES... LE 1er GMS DU PLATEAU D'ALBION"
345:
unfueled and then be fueled immediately prior to launch.
635:
RT-23/SS-24 Molodets ICBM silo near
Pervomaysk Ukraine.
183:, between 1943 and 1944, to serve as a launch base for
49:"Missile silo" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1218:"Iran fires Ballistic Missiles from Underground Silos"
581:
Minuteman III ICBM Launch
Control Facility November-1.
226:
Impression of a V2 in the assembly hall at Éperleques.
3595:
3519:
3463:
3397:
3283:
3188:
2998:
2909:
2625:
2618:
2050:
1799:
1738:
1712:
1676:
1560:
1508:
1446:
1305:
1274:
837:
Ronald Reagan
Minuteman Missile State Historic Site
318:used four different storage and launching methods.
1170:"North digs silos for missiles in Mt. Paektu area"
781:North Korea built a missile silo complex south of
114:some distance below ground, protected by a large "
472:was a proposed configuration strategy for basing
863:Safeguard Program Remote Sprint Launchers 3 site
2033:
1055:Ed Magnuson; Neil MacNeil (December 20, 1982).
659:R-36 missile being lowered into a missile silo.
2595:
2541:
2359:
2205:
3250:
2980:
2809:
2785:
2402:
2393:
2350:
2074:
1870:
1861:
1777:
1251:
357:and a partner were convicted, in the largest
8:
3369:
3350:
3341:
3332:
2921:
2896:
2872:
2833:
2824:
2776:
2762:
2733:
2704:
2695:
2671:
2632:
2437:
2418:
2336:
2285:
2276:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2151:
2137:
2128:
2011:
1988:
460:LGM-30 Minuteman § Deployment locations
103:(MRBMs). Similar facilities can be used for
2020:
2002:
1948:
1934:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
2622:
1784:
1770:
1762:
1258:
1244:
1236:
843:Strategic missile forces museum in Ukraine
807:Israel has MRBM and ICBM launch facilities
705:Loading ICBM Topol-M into the launch silo.
65:Strategic Missile Forces Museum in Ukraine
825:Minuteman Missile National Historic Site
269:; increasing the flight trajectory from
55:
960:"Minuteman Missiles on the Great Plain"
910:
725:
695:
625:
479:
204:
1015:
1004:
617:Main Centre for Missile Attack Warning
537:Minuteman I test silos at Edwards AFB.
410:1980 Damascus Titan missile explosion
97:intermediate-range ballistic missiles
7:
1001:from the original on April 17, 2019.
988:
986:
984:
857:Nike 2B/12H, 20A/8L-U ABM SF-88 site
845:RT-23/SS-24 Molodets ICBM UCP + silo
839:Minuteman II ICBM O-01 MAF + N-33 LF
593:A Minuteman-III missile in its silo.
395:, located south of Tucson, Arizona.
125:With the introduction of the Soviet
3176:Weapons Storage and Security System
1172:. JoongAng daily. 10 October 2013.
1040:. September 2, 2001. Archived from
894:A-135 anti-ballistic missile system
689:Russia has silo-based weapons. The
408:Titan II explosion in silo 374-7 –
93:intercontinental ballistic missiles
3732:Military equipment of the Cold War
1643:Naples underground geothermal zone
889:A-35 anti-ballistic missile system
387:(deactivated) ICBMs were in a one
110:The structures typically have the
25:
1176:from the original on 7 April 2014
1120:Gan, Brad Lendon (28 July 2021).
831:Quebec-One Missile Alert Facility
827:Minuteman II ICBM LCC + D-09 silo
513:Titan II ICBM in 571-7 site silo.
446:series Minuteman I, II, III, and
3675:
3674:
728:
698:
652:
640:
628:
586:
574:
558:
542:
530:
518:
506:
494:
482:
359:lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
335:Francis E. Warren Air Force Base
219:
207:
715:France built missile silos for
647:Plokštinė R-12 Dvina MRBM base.
101:medium-range ballistic missiles
44:Launch Complex (disambiguation)
1689:Forestiere Underground Gardens
1552:Underground mining (soft rock)
1547:Underground mining (hard rock)
1532:Subsurface utility engineering
402:Fire in Titan II silo 373-4 –
1:
3071:British "hedgehog" road block
884:Safeguard/Sentinel ABM system
874:Missile launch control center
773:capability in a nuclear war.
404:1965 Searcy missile silo fire
149:transporter erector launchers
120:missile launch control center
1542:Underground mine ventilation
157:ballistic missile submarines
3717:Nuclear command and control
3481:Cities with defensive walls
3066:Defensive fighting position
2981:
2786:
2596:
2542:
2403:
2394:
2360:
2351:
2206:
1699:Underground House Las Vegas
501:Titan I missile complex 2A.
433:Vandenberg Space Force Base
328:Central Coast of California
3748:
1694:Underground House Colorado
1623:Underground City, Montreal
1618:Underground City (Beijing)
1146:. Pakistan. Archived from
899:List of Nike missile sites
833:Peacekeeper ICBM Q-01 site
457:
431:Minuteman III launch from
389:ICBM launch control center
365:missile silo (548-7) near
48:
29:
3665:
3111:Hardened aircraft shelter
3086:Entry control point (ECP)
1725:Hockerton Housing Project
1266:Man-made and man-related
1109:Chosun.com (14 Dec. 2009)
1057:"Dense Pack Gets Blasted"
879:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
324:Vandenberg Air Force Base
3608:Continuity of government
1739:Earth shelters Australia
1519:underground construction
821:Titan II ICBM 571-7 site
489:Titan I missile complex.
77:underground missile silo
3430:Motte-and-bailey castle
3136:Missile launch facility
3131:Main line of resistance
1826:
1479:Missile launch facility
855:Nike Missile Site SF-88
355:William Leonard Pickard
200:post-war investigations
189:Blockhaus d'Eperlecques
105:anti-ballistic missiles
73:missile launch facility
3712:Military installations
3506:Military installations
3370:
3351:
3342:
3333:
3251:
2922:
2897:
2873:
2863:Scarp and Counterscarp
2834:
2825:
2810:
2777:
2763:
2734:
2705:
2696:
2672:
2633:
2438:
2419:
2337:
2286:
2277:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2152:
2138:
2129:
2075:
2034:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1989:
1949:
1935:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1817:
1704:Underground World Home
1014:Cite journal requires
947:Sanders, Terence R. B.
849:Plokštinė missile base
609:Plokštinė missile base
465:Peacekeeper facilities
436:
68:
3275:Floating water castle
3006:Admiralty scaffolding
2299:Fortified buildings (
1593:Kőbánya cellar system
1588:Houston tunnel system
1527:Rock-cut architecture
967:National Park Service
458:Further information:
430:
135:hypergolic propellant
59:
32:space launch facility
3707:Rockets and missiles
3618:Subterranean warfare
2571:Viking ring fortress
1668:Subterranean fiction
1663:Subterranean warfare
1098:. December 25, 2021.
1044:on October 26, 2016.
851:R-12 Dvina MRBM base
819:Titan Missile Museum
805:It is believed that
416:Minuteman facilities
393:Titan Missile Museum
18:Nuclear missile silo
3435:Quadrangular castle
3171:Weapon storage area
2527:Quadrangular castle
1658:Subterranean Toledo
1653:Subterranean London
1573:Caves of Maastricht
1537:Tunnel construction
1318:Burial vault (tomb)
681:came into service.
474:LGM-118 Peacekeeper
398:Notable accidents:
75:, also known as an
3727:British inventions
3166:Underground hangar
2951:Fire control tower
2748:Gunpowder magazine
2176:Butter-churn tower
1613:Underground living
1495:Underground hangar
437:
280:Chief of Engineers
196:Operation Crossbow
69:
3702:Missile launchers
3689:
3688:
3613:Military urbanism
3547:Fortified gateway
3420:Concentric castle
3184:
3183:
3101:Fire support base
2941:Coastal artillery
2816:(Spanish America)
2410:
2252:Concentric castle
1759:
1758:
1713:Earth shelters UK
1684:Bill Gates' house
1677:Earth shelters US
1447:Military features
1438:Ventilation shaft
1306:Civilian features
428:
304:urban exploration
276:Safeguard Program
142:inertial guidance
16:(Redirected from
3739:
3678:
3677:
3671:
3562:National redoubt
3491:Fortified estate
3415:Circular rampart
3375:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3256:
3016:Anti-tank trench
3011:Air raid shelter
2986:
2946:Disappearing gun
2927:
2902:
2878:
2839:
2830:
2815:
2791:
2782:
2768:
2739:
2710:
2701:
2677:
2638:
2623:
2601:
2581:Bailey (or ward)
2547:
2452:Motte-and-bailey
2443:
2424:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2365:
2356:
2342:
2291:
2282:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2157:
2143:
2134:
2080:
2037:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1994:
1954:
1940:
1880:Circular rampart
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1763:
1720:Underhill, Holme
1628:Mine exploration
1490:Underground base
1485:Scallywag bunker
1454:Air raid shelter
1433:Smuggling tunnel
1398:Underground city
1338:Dugout (shelter)
1275:Natural features
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1096:capcomespace.net
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1072:on June 12, 2010
1071:
1065:. Archived from
1052:
1046:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1002:
990:
979:
978:
976:
974:
964:
956:
950:
944:
938:
937:
915:
732:
702:
656:
644:
632:
590:
578:
562:
546:
534:
522:
510:
498:
486:
429:
385:LGM-25C Titan II
373:Titan facilities
310:Atlas facilities
223:
211:
63:missile silo at
21:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3722:Nuclear warfare
3692:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3669:
3661:
3591:
3515:
3459:
3393:
3328:Imperial castle
3301:Coercion castle
3296:Coastal defence
3279:
3241:Promontory fort
3211:Hillside castle
3180:
3096:Fallout shelter
3061:Concertina wire
3041:Border security
2994:
2905:
2614:
2247:Coercion castle
2235:Cheval de frise
2217:Chemin de ronde
2065:Albarrana tower
2046:
1991:Schwedenschanze
1968:Promontory fort
1795:
1790:
1760:
1755:
1751:Lightning Ridge
1734:
1708:
1672:
1556:
1517:
1504:
1474:Fallout shelter
1442:
1301:
1270:
1264:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1150:on 21 July 2009
1138:
1137:
1133:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1013:
1003:
992:
991:
982:
972:
970:
969:. April 6, 2017
962:
958:
957:
953:
945:
941:
926:
923:Wayback Machine
916:
912:
907:
870:
815:
803:
791:
783:Paektu Mountain
779:
767:
755:
743:
736:
733:
713:
706:
703:
687:
667:
660:
657:
648:
645:
636:
633:
601:
594:
591:
582:
579:
570:
563:
554:
547:
538:
535:
526:
523:
514:
511:
502:
499:
490:
487:
467:
462:
420:
418:
375:
312:
286:ever produced.
234:
227:
224:
215:
212:
181:Occupied France
169:
81:launch facility
54:
51:Missal of Silos
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3745:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3647:
3645:Trench warfare
3642:
3640:Tunnel warfare
3637:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3496:Fortifications
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3313:
3308:
3306:Counter-castle
3303:
3298:
3293:
3291:Border barrier
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Lowland castle
3223:
3218:
3216:Hilltop castle
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Electric fence
3088:
3083:
3081:Dragon's teeth
3078:
3076:Czech hedgehog
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2990:Wire obstacles
2987:
2978:
2976:Polygonal fort
2973:
2968:
2966:Martello tower
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:Border outpost
2928:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2817:
2807:
2805:Polygonal fort
2802:
2797:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2769:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2416:
2411:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2297:
2295:Flanking tower
2292:
2283:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2262:Counter-castle
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2149:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2052:Post-classical
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2042:Vitrified fort
2039:
2027:
2018:
2009:
2000:
1995:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1946:
1941:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1900:Defensive wall
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:Fortifications
1791:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:Mines of Paris
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1608:Trench warfare
1605:
1603:Tunnel network
1600:
1598:Tunnel warfare
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1561:Related topics
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1413:Secret passage
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1220:. 8 March 2016
1209:
1187:
1161:
1131:
1112:
1101:
1083:
1047:
1025:
1016:|journal=
980:
951:
939:
909:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
869:
866:
865:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
814:
811:
802:
799:
790:
787:
778:
775:
766:
763:
754:
751:
742:
739:
738:
737:
734:
727:
712:
709:
708:
707:
704:
697:
686:
683:
666:
665:United Kingdom
663:
662:
661:
658:
651:
649:
646:
639:
637:
634:
627:
621:Solnechnogorsk
607:, such as the
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
585:
583:
580:
573:
571:
567:Peacekeeper MX
564:
557:
555:
548:
541:
539:
536:
529:
527:
524:
517:
515:
512:
505:
503:
500:
493:
491:
488:
481:
466:
463:
417:
414:
413:
412:
406:
374:
371:
367:Wamego, Kansas
351:
350:
346:
342:
331:
316:Atlas missiles
311:
308:
233:
230:
229:
228:
225:
218:
216:
213:
206:
168:
165:
40:launch complex
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3744:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3682:
3681:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3650:Urban warfare
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Civil defense
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Bastion forts
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3455:Z-plan castle
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:L-plan castle
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Bridge castle
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Refuge castle
3377:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Military base
3358:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Hunting lodge
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Moated castle
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3221:Island castle
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:By topography
3187:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:Submarine pen
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:Hesco bastion
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Blast shelter
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Place-of-arms
2798:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2433:Machicolation
2431:
2429:
2428:L-plan castle
2426:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Bridge castle
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2124:Bent entrance
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Battery tower
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2079:
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2060:Advanced work
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2024:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2010:
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1984:Refuge castle
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1578:Civil defense
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1464:Blast shelter
1462:
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1445:
1439:
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1418:Semi-basement
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Utility vault
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Rock-cut tomb
1376:
1374:
1373:Rapid transit
1371:
1369:
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1361:
1359:
1356:
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1349:
1348:Earth shelter
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771:second strike
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232:United States
231:
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166:
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129:and the U.S.
128:
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102:
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74:
66:
62:
58:
52:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3673:
3628:Siege engine
3596:Other topics
3520:Related word
3486:Defense line
3450:Tower castle
3405:Bastion fort
3389:Urban castle
3317:Ganerbenburg
3315:
3270:Water castle
3246:Ridge castle
3231:Marsh castle
3135:
3046:Bomb shelter
3026:Belgian gate
2999:20th century
2910:19th century
2848:Retrenchment
2820:Punji sticks
2729:Entrenchment
2724:Device Forts
2691:Counterguard
2626:Early modern
2556:Tower castle
2492:Powder tower
2467:Outer bailey
2379:Inner bailey
2353:Gulyay-gorod
2321:Ganerbenburg
2319:
2315:Fujian tulou
2257:Corner tower
2196:Chamber gate
2166:Bridge tower
2014:Trou de loup
1568:Cave dweller
1478:
1428:Storm cellar
1222:. Retrieved
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1198:. 6 May 2021
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:the original
1143:
1134:
1125:
1115:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1076:December 27,
1074:. Retrieved
1067:the original
1060:
1050:
1042:the original
1038:cjonline.com
1037:
1028:
1007:cite journal
973:February 21,
971:. Retrieved
966:
954:
942:
931:
919:Ghostarchive
917:Archived at
913:
804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
714:
688:
668:
602:
599:Soviet Union
551:Minuteman II
468:
453:
441:solid fueled
438:
397:
383:
376:
352:
313:
292:
288:
284:
250:South Dakota
246:North Dakota
235:
193:
179:in northern
177:Nazi Germany
170:
167:Nazi Germany
146:
139:
124:
109:
89:nuclear silo
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:
3527:Castle town
3384:Toll castle
3353:Lustschloss
3335:Kaiserpfalz
3265:Spur castle
3260:Rock castle
3201:Hill castle
3196:Cave castle
3156:Spider hole
3056:Bremer wall
3021:Barbed tape
2917:Barbed wire
2591:Witch tower
2561:Tower house
2551:Toll castle
2537:Shield wall
2457:Murder hole
2346:Guard tower
1963:Pincer gate
1910:Faussebraye
1746:Coober Pedy
1638:Mole people
1583:Coober Pedy
1500:Spider hole
1383:Root cellar
1268:subterranea
1224:26 December
1202:26 December
777:North Korea
757:India uses
448:Peacekeeper
363:SM-65 Atlas
298:, advanced
185:V-2 rockets
3696:Categories
3552:Gatekeeper
3372:Ordensburg
3344:Landesburg
3151:Sentry gun
3106:Flak tower
3036:Blast wall
2956:Gun turret
2853:Sally port
2758:Kotta mara
2698:Couvreface
2662:Breastwork
2657:Blockhouse
2635:Abwurfdach
2586:Watchtower
2576:Wall tower
2532:Shell keep
2482:Portcullis
2477:Peel tower
2462:Neck ditch
2421:Landesburg
2369:Half tower
2327:Gate tower
2272:Drawbridge
2114:Battlement
2030:Wagon fort
1873:Chengqiang
1034:"Silo LSD"
905:References
795:silo-based
747:silo-based
745:China has
675:Blue Steel
470:Dense Pack
300:safe rooms
267:North Pole
173:La Coupole
116:blast door
36:launch pad
3655:Guerrilla
3398:By design
3146:Revetment
2961:Land mine
2892:Star fort
2719:Crownwork
2714:Covertway
2647:Barricade
2288:Embrasure
2201:Chartaque
2131:Bergfried
2089:Arrowslit
1915:Gatehouse
1885:City gate
1846:Castellum
1812:Acropolis
1514:quarrying
1408:Wine cave
1328:Catacombs
1154:21 August
793:Iran has
679:V bombers
677:carrying
613:Lithuania
161:airplanes
99:(IRBMs),
95:(ICBMs),
3680:Category
3670:See also
3557:Loophole
3445:Ringwork
3440:Ringfort
3365:Obstacle
3206:Hillfort
3126:Loophole
2924:Barbette
2899:Tenaille
2882:Sea fort
2812:Presidio
2772:Magazine
2753:Hornwork
2686:Cavalier
2681:Casemate
2674:Caponier
2517:Ringwork
2405:Detinets
2374:Hoarding
2279:Enceinte
2154:Bretèche
2099:Bartizan
2094:Barbican
2070:Alcazaba
1998:Stockade
1978:Ringfort
1958:Palisade
1930:Landwehr
1925:Hillfort
1469:Casemate
1423:Stepwell
1363:Hypogeum
1353:Erdstall
1343:Dry well
1323:Borehole
1313:Basement
1297:Sinkhole
1174:Archived
999:Archived
921:and the
868:See also
765:Pakistan
605:Cold War
353:In 2000
254:Missouri
242:Nebraska
238:Colorado
153:railcars
131:Titan II
107:(ABMs).
3587:Vedette
3577:Schloss
3542:Festung
3537:Dungeon
3532:Château
3476:Castles
3284:By role
3141:Pillbox
2971:Outpost
2887:Station
2875:Schanze
2858:Sandbag
2843:Redoubt
2827:Ravelin
2795:Palanka
2779:Orillon
2765:Lunette
2707:Coupure
2652:Bastion
2642:Arsenal
2610:Zwinger
2522:Roundel
2512:Ricetto
2487:Postern
2472:Outwork
2396:Kremlin
2267:Curtain
2242:Citadel
2226:Chemise
2186:Caltrop
2104:Bastion
2077:Alcázar
1973:Rampart
1951:Oppidum
1944:Nuraghe
1890:Crannog
1864:Castros
1800:Ancient
1730:Malator
1648:Sapping
1368:Manhole
1333:Dungeon
1180:2 April
933:YouTube
813:Museums
619:, near
379:Titan I
349:launch.
339:Wyoming
326:on the
262:Wyoming
258:Montana
112:missile
3582:Trench
3572:Picket
2983:Sangar
2936:Bunker
2868:Sconce
2788:Ostrog
2736:Flèche
2619:Modern
2598:Yagura
2566:Turret
2502:Reduit
2440:Merlon
2384:Kasbah
2362:Gusuku
2339:Glacis
2332:Gabion
2301:church
2208:Chashi
2191:Castle
2035:Laager
2023:Vallum
1980:(Rath)
1855:Castra
1837:Burgus
1807:Abatis
1510:Mining
1481:(silo)
1459:Bunker
1388:Tunnel
1292:Grotto
1287:Cenote
801:Israel
711:France
685:Russia
615:. The
444:LGM-30
127:UR-100
87:), or
3623:Siege
3567:Palas
3511:Walls
3501:Forts
3464:Lists
3311:Fence
3253:Rocca
3121:Kabal
2836:Redan
2743:Gorge
2667:Canal
2544:Shiro
2507:Ribat
2497:Qalat
2309:Dzong
2305:house
2005:Sudis
1937:Limes
1895:Ditch
1828:Broch
1819:Agger
1516:, and
1358:Fogou
1070:(web)
963:(web)
861:RSL-3
759:silos
753:India
741:China
565:U.S.
549:U.S.
296:homes
271:SLBMs
61:SS-24
42:, or
3633:list
3051:Buoy
2605:Yett
2447:Moat
2414:Ksar
2389:Keep
2181:Caer
2171:Burh
2147:Boom
2140:Berm
2119:Bawn
2084:Amba
1920:Gord
1403:Well
1282:Cave
1226:2021
1204:2021
1182:2014
1156:2010
1144:Dawn
1078:2008
1062:Time
1020:help
975:2019
789:Iran
719:and
671:Thor
439:The
377:The
314:The
171:The
1905:Dun
1126:CNN
721:S-3
717:S-2
611:in
337:in
159:or
3698::
3672::
2307:,
2303:,
1512:,
1142:.
1124:.
1094:.
1059:.
1036:.
1011::
1009:}}
1005:{{
997:.
983:^
965:.
930:.
925::
809:.
369:.
306:.
260:,
256:,
252:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
163:.
155:,
151:,
122:.
85:LF
79:,
71:A
38:,
34:,
2409:)
2401:(
2311:)
2038:)
2032:(
1785:e
1778:t
1771:v
1259:e
1252:t
1245:v
1228:.
1206:.
1184:.
1158:.
1128:.
1080:.
1022:)
1018:(
977:.
936:.
341:.
330:.
83:(
67:.
53:.
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
