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Religious habit

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1321: 2083: 1728: 2036: 2067: 1953: 2579: 1764: 1253: 1796: 1780: 1875: 1969: 1748: 1985: 1001: 1840: 1405: 1930: 1914: 2020: 1320: 2052: 2004: 1168:, the most common color was red. Later, the color of the robes came to serve as a way to distinguish monastics, just as they did in India. However, the colors of a Chinese Buddhist monastic's robes often corresponded to their geographical region rather than to any specific schools. By the maturation of Chinese Buddhism, only the Dharmaguptaka ordination lineage was still in use, and therefore the color of robes served no useful purpose as a designation for sects, the way that it had in India. 1894: 1413: 754: 2675:, which is a square or rectangular piece of cloth of a prescribed measurement, either in their hand or tied on their face covering the mouth. Śvetāmbara ascetics have an Ogho or Rajoharan (a broom of woolen threads) to clean insects around their sitting place or while they are walking. Digambara ascetics have a Morpichhi and a Kamandal in their hands. This practice may vary among different sects of Jains but essential principle remains the same to limit needs. 1824: 575: 386: 375: 326: 315: 246: 235: 1495: 886: 2570: 3352: 582: 359: 299: 224: 2599: 1638: 1563: 1523: 1428: 2554: 1182: 1859: 3745: 36: 594: 556: 282: 195: 2134: 1389:: This element is worn pinned over the coif head coverings. Some veils can be worn down to cover the face or up to expose it. The veil sometimes includes a white underveil as well. The colour of the veil depends as well from the habit of the order and the status of the sister or nun (novices or postulants wear differently coloured veils than the professed sisters and nuns). 2437:(cowl), and is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. The koukoulion is also worn by the Patriarchs of several local churches, regardless of whether or not he has been tonsured to that degree. In the Slavic tradition, the koukoulion will be in the form of a cloth hood, similar to that worn on the Western cowl. Outside church, monastics wear a soft hat known as a 549: 293: 206: 1795: 1132:, which follow the Mūlasarvāstivāda Vinaya, red robes are regarded as characteristic of the Mūlasarvāstivādins. According to Dudjom Rinpoche from the tradition of Tibetan Buddhism, the robes of fully ordained Mahāsāṃghika monastics were to be sewn out of more than seven sections, but no more than twenty-three sections. The symbols sewn on the robes were the 2400: 1309: 2082: 1763: 2670:
Jain monks do not wear clothes. A loin cloth which reaches up to the shins is called a Cholapattak. Another cloth to cover the upper part of the body is called Pangarani (Uttariya Vastra). A cloth that passes over the left shoulder and covers the body up to a little above the ankle is called a Kïmli.
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Uniformity and distinctiveness by order often evolved and changed over time. Interpretation of terms for clothes in religious rules could change over centuries. Furthermore, every time new communities gained importance in a cultural area the need for visual separation increased for new as well as old
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The Church must always seek to make her presence visible in everyday life, especially in contemporary culture, which is often very secularized and yet sensitive to the language of signs. In this regard the Church has a right to expect a significant contribution from consecrated persons, called as
1727: 2371:): The distinctive dress of the Great Schema is the analavos, and it is worn only by Schemamonks and Schemanuns. Traditionally made of either leather or wool, the analavos covers the shoulders, and then comes down in the front and back, forming a cross (see illustration, above right). 2629:
In Hinduism, religious clothing is a huge element of an individual’s life. Most Hindus are known to wear a religious pendant in their daily life to show their faith in God. Hindu women cover their heads with scarf as a sign of respect for not only religion but also their husbands.
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Since the habit is a sign of consecration, poverty and membership in a particular Religious family, I join the Fathers of the Synod in strongly recommending to men and women religious that they wear their proper habit, suitably adapted to the conditions of time and place.
2247:(cassock) is the innermost garment. It is a long, collared garment coming to the feet, with narrow, tapered sleeves. Unlike the Roman cassock, it is double-breasted. The inner rason is the basic garment and is worn at all times, even when working. It is often given to 1485:
consists of a tunic, belt (cincture), scapular, veil, rosary, and on formal occasions a cappa (mantle). Even for orders that have chosen not to wear a habit, these sisters often share a common appearance: calf-length skirt, blouse or sweater, visible cross necklace.
1984: 1952: 1597:. Historically the common habit was the distinctive white cassock, with white fascia, over time some communities of Canons have changed to wearing the black cassock with black fascia. The only item of the habit that is common to all Canons is the linen 1839: 1779: 1294:
Where valid reasons of their apostolate call for it, Religious, in conformity with the norms of their Institute, may also dress in a simple and modest manner, with an appropriate symbol, in such a way that their consecration is recognizable.
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A robe covering the upper body. It is worn over the undergarment, or antarvāsa. In representations of the Buddha, the uttarāsaṅga rarely appears as the uppermost garment, since it is often covered by the outer robe, or saṃghāti.
2295:): The belt worn by Orthodox monks and nuns is normally leather, though sometimes it is of cloth. In the Russian tradition, married clergy, as well as the higher monastic clergy, may wear a cloth belt that is finely 1021:
In India, variations of the kāṣāya robe distinguished different types of monastics. These represented the different schools that they belonged to, and their robes ranged widely from red and ochre, to blue and black.
2169:) is essentially the same throughout the world. The normal monastic color is black, symbolic of repentance and simplicity. The habits of monks and nuns are identical; additionally, nuns wear a scarf, called an 1298:
Institutes which from their origin or by provision of their Constitutions do not have a specific habit should ensure that the dress of their members corresponds in dignity and simplicity to the nature of their
1747: 1929: 1618:, 'the sacred rochet'. It is a thin band of linen worn over the cassock when not in choir. As part of their choir dress, some communities of Canons wear a mozzetta, either black or purple over the rochet. 2035: 2433:. The veil has lappets which hang down on each side of the head and a stylized hood falling down the back. For monastics of the Great Schema, the kalymafki takes a very distinctive shape, known as a 1716:
or ordinary of a personal ordinariate, may wear pontifical items. Mitre, crosier and ring are bestowed on an abbot at his blessing and the pectoral cross is a customary part of an abbatial habit.
1913: 969:). In representations of the Buddha, the saṃghāti is usually the most visible garment, with the undergarment or uttarāsaṅga protruding at the bottom. It is quite similar in shape to the Greek 2377:(Greek: Πολυσταύριον, lit. "many crosses"): The polystavrion is a long cord that has been plaited with numerous crosses forming a yoke that is worn over the analavos to hold it in place. 1770: 2066: 1893: 1874: 2654:
Islam does not have religious habits or monastic orders. Muslim ascetics do not have particular uniforms, but rather dress in humble clothing appropriate to their era and region.
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was a visible sign of a woman's consecration to God. Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time. For example, in former times, the
1920: 1823: 2331:): The Paramand is a piece of cloth, approximately 5 inches (130 mm) square which is attached by ribbons to a wooden cross. The cloth is embroidered with a cross and the 1357:: The habit is often secured around the waist with a belt of leather, wool or a lanyard. The cincture of the Franciscan orders has three (or four) knots standing for the vows. 3229: 913:. These were stitched together to form three rectangular pieces of cloth, which were then fitted over the body in a specific manner. The three main pieces of cloth are the 1975: 2640:
Brahmin Hindus are most known for their devotion to the religion among all Hindus. They are seen wearing religious habits at various important moments in their life.
1680:. White cassocks or clothes may be worn in hot climates. Also, a ferraiolo (a kind of cope) could be worn along with the cassock. Priests also traditionally wore a 737:, it is common for novices to wear a white veil while professed members wear black, or if the order generally wears white, the novice wears a grey veil. Among some 3795: 2578: 3719: 2010: 1463: 622: 480: 1478:, many congregations decided to simplify their habits, to conform to the attire of the culture they are working in, or to even discard their use entirely. 1621:
Outdoors Canons wear a black cloak and hood, but again adaptations have been made to this in some of the communities. Canons also traditionally wore a
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While styles vary, for those wearing the traditional habit, three pieces are consistently worn: tunic (robe), belt/cincture, veil. The habit of some
1773:(and also of the Sisters from the Order of Our Lady of Charity) is white, with a white scapular, a black veil and a large silver heart on the breast 3222: 2841: 1377:(to cover the chest, similar to a short cape) of starched linen, cotton, or (today) polyester. It is sometimes covered by a thin layer of black 3081: 2173:. The habit is bestowed in degrees, as the monk or nun advances in the spiritual life. There are three degrees: (1) the beginner, known as the 2788:
is a garment worn in Japan by people attending religious ceremonies and activities, including Buddhist and Shinto related occasions. Not only
2019: 733:. In some cases the novice's habit will be somewhat different from the customary habit: for instance, in certain orders of women that use the 3169: 3070: 3049: 2361:): Among the Greeks it is worn by readers and all higher clerics; among the Russians it is worn only by monks, deacons, priests, and bishops. 659:
communities. Thus, modern habits are rooted in historic forms, but do not necessarily resemble them in cut, colour, material, detail or use.
1041:, contains a very similar passage corroborating this information, but the colors for the Sarvāstivāda and Dharmaguptaka sects are reversed. 3785: 2057: 1738: 141: 2185:
worn by Great Schema Monks or Nuns. Only the last, the Schemamonk or Schemanun, the monastic of the highest degree, wears the full habit.
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and Buddhist priests can be found wearing Jōe at rituals, but laymen as well, for example when participating in pilgrimage such as the
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came to China and translated a work which describes the color of monastic robes utilized in five major Indian Buddhist sects, called
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fabric pleated at the neck and draping to the ground. It can be worn pinned up in the front or in the back to allow the nun to work.
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In India, most devoted Hindus are seen wearing a tilak and orange clothing depicting devotion to their religion. Most Hindu
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of cloth or sheepskin.) Some communities of canons, notably in Austria and Switzerland wear a sarotium, coming from the Latin
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is marked by a ceremony, in which the new novice is accepted as a novice and then clothed in the community's habit by the
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requires only that the garb of their members be in some way identifiable so that the person may serve as a witness of the
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and Third Order Regular is black, although the Order of Friars Minor Conventual is returning to the grey habit worldwide
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Kïmli is a woolen shawl. They also carry a woolen bed sheet and a woolen mat to sit on. Those who wear clothes have a
2339:, and hold the square cloth centered on the back. The paramand is symbolic of the yoke of Christ (Matthew 11:29–30). 909:. A notable variant has a pattern reminiscent of an Asian rice field. Original kāṣāya were constructed of discarded 647:. Traditionally some plain garb recognizable as a religious habit has also been worn by those leading the religious 3273: 1997:. The distinctive Oratorian clerical collar consists of white cloth that folds over the collar all around the neck. 1786: 46: 3825: 3341: 3298: 3293: 86: 3315: 2123: 2092:
friar; it consists of a black tunic, a scapular with a capuche and a black cincture with four knots (four vows)
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Owing to the different traditions and origins that exist, there is no singular common habit worn by the
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is a long, full cape, joined at the neck which the monastic wears over the other parts of the habit.
1412: 3770: 3613: 3578: 3507: 3268: 2716:, originally worn only by men, but today they are worn by both sexes. There are two types, divided 1688: 1473: 851: 523: 345: 265: 178: 160: 3790: 3749: 3688: 3288: 3258: 2793: 2335:. The wooden cross is worn over the chest, then the ribbons pass over and under the arms, like a 974: 640: 498: 485: 304: 211: 1378: 753: 3530: 3336: 3165: 3137: 3118: 3096: 3066: 3045: 2713: 2441:. Again, for Schemamonks and Schemanuns it is embroidered with the Instruments of the Passion. 2073: 2042: 1959: 1713: 1482: 1265: 1200: 831: 781: 287: 137: 3201: 93: 3449: 3405: 3383: 3310: 3238: 2649: 2404: 2392: 2260: 1990: 1789:
is white, with a blue scapular, a white and blue veil and a large golden heart on the breast
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Different orders adhere to different styles of dress; these styles have changed over time.
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does not have distinct religious orders such as those in the Catholic Church. The habit (
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The saṃghāti is an outer robe used for various occasions. It comes over the upper robe (
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of Eastern Orthodox monks and nuns is the kalymafki, a stiffened hat, something like a
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nuns also wear it over the belt, whereas some other orders wear it tied under the belt.
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The coif and veil were common items of clothing for married women in medieval Europe.
574: 385: 374: 325: 314: 245: 234: 3764: 3724: 3666: 3434: 3110: 1944: 1347:: This symbolic apron hangs from both front and back; it is worn over the tunic, and 1075: 412: 341: 200: 2990: 1181: 1005: 3202:
Catholic Sisters International Collection, University of Dayton Special Collections
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is white with a distinctive cross with a blue horizontal bar and a red vertical bar
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The religious habits of Catholic nuns typically consist of the following elements:
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The portions of the habit worn by the various degrees of monastics is as follows:
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are tied at the waist and fall approximately to the ankles, and are worn over a
1365:: This is the garment's headpiece and includes the white cotton cap secured by a 3683: 3469: 2688: 2417: 2188:
The habit is formally bestowed upon monks and nuns at the ceremony known as the
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Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno
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life, although in their case without conformity to a particular uniform style.
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sisters in Haiti, wearing the order's traditional white sari with blue stripes
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they are in every situation to bear clear witness that they belong to Christ.
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Many photographs of nuns and sisters in the dress of their respective orders
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are either seen in a white or orange (kesari) religious clothing in India.
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or an ordinary men's garb in black or another dark color along with a white
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male monks always wear un-stitched or minimally stitched white clothes.
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Indian depiction of the Buddha wearing red robes; Sanskrit manuscript,
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communities of men, novices wear a sort of overshirt over their tunic;
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Common Threads: A Cultural History of Clothing in American Catholicism
1335:: This is the central piece of the habit. It is a loose dress made of 132: 3671: 3649: 3587: 3512: 3459: 3263: 2789: 2767: 2699: 2684: 2634: 2438: 2248: 1994: 1598: 1374: 1370: 1237: 937: 815: 648: 2775: 1308: 2970:
Aleteia — Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture
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Dignity and Discipline: Reviving Full Ordination for Buddhist Nuns
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Distinctive set of garments worn by members of a religious order
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Other items that may have been worn with the triple robe were:
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Images of medieval monks and nuns in the dress of their Orders
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In Japan, various types of very traditional dress are worn by
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Sacred to the Touch: Nordic and Baltic Religious Wood Carving
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for men, or a distinctive habit and veil for women. Catholic
2770:(hakamashita), with the kimono then appearing like a shirt. 1037:(Ch. 大比丘三千威儀). Another text translated at a later date, the 3204:(photographs of reproductions of over 130 religious habits) 2885: 2883: 2687:
priests, often dating to styles worn by nobles during the
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Sects & Sectarianism: The Origins of Buddhist Schools
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is black (the style varies depending upon the monastery)
3164:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 2610: 2421:, Greek: καλυμαύκι; Slavonic: klobuk): The distinctive 1649: 1574: 1534: 1439: 877:, which references the robes without regard to color. 795: 706:; in apostolic orders it may be a distinctive form of 2429:, only black and with straight sides, covered with a 2326: 2290: 2238: 2141:, worn by Orthodox monks and nuns of the Great Schema 1708:
clergy other than bishops, in particular any who are
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Sisters of the Daughters of Mary in traditional habit
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Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament
1470:instead of a veil. Due the ecclesiastical document 1236:were sometimes pieced together from the theatrical 745:novices wear a black cloak over their white habit. 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3083:The Impact of Buddhism on Chinese Material Culture 1510:, a mantle (novices) or a cowl (professed monks). 2198:). The parts of the Eastern Orthodox habit are: 2736: 2717: 1280: 933:. The tricīvara is described more fully in the 901:Buddhist kāṣāya are said to have originated in 2781: 2743: 2724: 2705: 1978:is white, with a red scapular and a black veil 1923:is white, with a red scapular and a black veil 1274:(1996) says concerning the religious habit of 1231: 1215: 1204: 1186: 1172: 835: 3223: 1502:Monks in the Catholic church wear a tunic, a 1464:Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul 809: 616: 8: 3093:Perfect Conduct: Ascertaining the Three Vows 2937: 1498:Carthusian monks of the Chartreuse de Portes 845: 2314: 2278: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2193: 1813:is usually brown or gray; the habit of the 1687:Deacons, priests, and bishops belonging to 1613: 1471: 1269: 929:. Together they form the "triple robe", or 3230: 3216: 3208: 3132:Mohr, Thea; Tsedroen, Jampa, eds. (2010). 3086:. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. 2889: 2874: 623: 609: 147: 2013:with the cornette which used to be common 1935:The religious habit (based on the Indian 1883:in their religious habit (with the black 1849:is white. A similar habit is used by the 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 2952: 2447: 2407:wearing the patriarchal white koukoulion 2110:have a habit of a different colour. The 1043: 678:Churches, the habit often consists of a 2867: 2842:Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism 2549: 1723: 159: 3040:DuBois, Thomas A. (12 December 2017). 3013: 2966:"Why do nuns (and monks) wear habits?" 2925: 1757:is white and includes a brown scapular 3796:History of clothing (Western fashion) 2346: 2303:. The belt is symbolic of the vow of 1458:Historically, the religious habit of 1164:(Ch. 袈裟). During the early period of 7: 2913: 2901: 1739:Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel 905:as set of robes for the devotees of 58:adding citations to reliable sources 2758:type have divided legs, similar to 1993:wear roughly the same vestments as 1755:Hieronymite enclosed monks and nuns 1691:wear the habit of their institute. 1373:(to cover the neck and cheeks) and 1185:Japanese Buddhist priest's mantle ( 3044:. University of Washington Press. 1506:, a hooded scapular, and, for the 1314:Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration 1268:in his post-apostolic Exhortation 1256:Religious clothing includes habits 721:In many orders, the conclusion of 25: 2762:, but both types appear similar. 1601:a mark of the canonical status. 3743: 3350: 3062:Three Mountains and Seven Rivers 2597: 2577: 2568: 2552: 2081: 2065: 2050: 2034: 2018: 2002: 1983: 1967: 1951: 1928: 1912: 1892: 1873: 1857: 1838: 1822: 1815:Order of Friars Minor Conventual 1794: 1778: 1762: 1746: 1726: 1636: 1604:In the Netherlands, some wore a 1561: 1521: 1426: 592: 580: 573: 554: 547: 384: 373: 357: 324: 313: 297: 291: 280: 244: 233: 222: 204: 193: 34: 3193:(Public Domain images and text) 2546:Eastern Orthodox habits gallery 996:a buckled belt, the samakaksika 889:An early representation of the 45:needs additional citations for 2584:Monk at the Mount Athos, 1850s 2181:('cross bearer'), and (3) the 1741:(also known as Brown Scapular) 1: 3158:Dwyer-McNulty, Sally (2014). 2820:, ballooning trousers called 2812:proper, an outer robe called 1907:) is brown, with a black veil 893:wearing kāṣāya robes, in the 3730:List of religious institutes 3065:. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 2808:, an outer tunic called the 2367:(Greek: Άνάλαβος; Slavonic: 1771:Sisters of the Good Shepherd 1608:(a small asymmetrical black 1140:) and the conch shell (Skt. 1025:Between 148 and 170 CE, the 993:a waist cloth, the kushalaka 765:wearing traditional kāṣāya; 3786:Eastern Christian vestments 2737: 2718: 2321: 2285: 2229: 2165: 1974:The religious habit of the 1958:The religious habit of the 1921:Sisters of the Annunciation 1919:The religious habit of the 1899:The religious habit of the 1864:The religious habit of the 1845:The religious habit of the 1829:The religious habit of the 1801:The religious habit of the 1785:The religious habit of the 1769:The religious habit of the 1753:The religious habit of the 1733:The religious habit of the 1232: 1205: 1187: 1173: 960: 924: 796: 3847: 2712:are a type of traditional 2647: 2516:Mantle (Russian use only) 2333:Instruments of the Passion 2121: 1787:Sisters of Mary Reparatrix 1737:is brown and includes the 1698: 1152:Jiāshā in Chinese Buddhism 465:Supplementary alternatives 3738: 3348: 3342:Society of apostolic life 3091:Rinpoche, Dudjom (1999). 3080:Kieschnick, John (2003). 2816:, an undergarment called 2782: 2744: 2725: 2706: 2315: 2279: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2194: 2154: 2088:The religious habit of a 2009:Sisters belonging to the 1945:Mother Teresa of Calcutta 1324:Traditional Catholic nuns 1216: 1017:Kāṣāya in Indian Buddhism 965:), and the undergarment ( 846: 836: 810: 785: 773:, China, 9th–10th century 725:and the beginning of the 140:, wearing the habit of a 2938:Mohr & Tsedroen 2010 2124:Anglican religious order 1684:along with the cassock. 639:is a distinctive set of 559:= Evening (after 6 p.m.) 3186:New Catholic Dictionary 3095:. Wisdom Publications. 2800:is attired in a peaked 2147:Eastern Orthodox Church 1941:Missionaries of Charity 1720:Catholic habits gallery 1417:Missionaries of Charity 1222:. In Japan, during the 1160:, the kāṣāya is called 881:Origin and construction 3750:Catholicism portal 3720:Vocational discernment 3710:Foolishness for Christ 3136:. Simon and Schuster. 2828:, and a girdle called 2814:jōe no sodegukuri no o 2561:Polish Orthodox Church 2408: 2327: 2291: 2239: 2142: 1614: 1499: 1472: 1420: 1409: 1325: 1317: 1301: 1270: 1257: 1196: 1146:Eight Auspicious Signs 1051:Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí 1035:Dà Bǐqiū Sānqiān Wēiyí 1013: 898: 855: 774: 145: 2991:"Our Religious Habit" 2402: 2136: 2122:Further information: 2041:Religious habit of a 2025:Religious habit of a 1497: 1415: 1407: 1323: 1311: 1255: 1184: 1003: 888: 756: 643:worn by members of a 552:= Day (before 6 p.m.) 365:Service dress uniform 135: 3493:Liturgy of the Hours 3369:Evangelical counsels 3059:Hino, Shoun (2004). 2662:Female ascetics and 2559:Inner Rason worn by 2011:Daughters of Charity 1701:Pontifical vestments 1689:religious institutes 1672:wear either a black 1508:Liturgy of the Hours 1177:in Japanese Buddhism 1012:, India, Pāla period 716:Evangelical counsels 444:Sportswear (fashion) 402:(anything not above) 54:improve this article 3821:Religious practices 3801:History of clothing 3269:Religious institute 2349:, Greek: εξώρασον, 2114:wear a blue habit. 1474:Perfectae caritatis 1195:textile collections 1056:Śariputraparipṛcchā 1039:Śariputraparipṛcchā 862:) are the robes of 161:Western dress codes 3816:Religious clothing 3806:History of fashion 3781:Christian clothing 3776:Byzantine clothing 3259:Consecrated virgin 2794:Shikoku Pilgrimage 2609:. You can help by 2409: 2143: 1868:is black and white 1714:apostolic prefects 1648:. You can help by 1573:. You can help by 1533:. You can help by 1500: 1438:. You can help by 1421: 1410: 1326: 1318: 1258: 1197: 1014: 975:Greco-Buddhist art 899: 824:Cantonese Jyutping 775: 690:, with a hood for 664:Christian monastic 641:religious clothing 599:Fashion portal 499:Religious clothing 348:, "dress clothes") 305:Mess dress uniform 212:Full dress uniform 164:and corresponding 146: 3758: 3757: 3531:Clerical clothing 3337:Secular institute 3171:978-1-4696-1409-0 3072:978-81-208-2468-3 3051:978-0-295-74242-7 2995:Dominican Sisters 2916:, pp. 55–56. 2714:Japanese clothing 2627: 2626: 2543: 2542: 2383:(Greek: Μανδύας, 2163: 2129:Eastern Orthodoxy 2112:Daughters of Mary 2060:Pius Przeździecki 2043:Premonstratensian 1960:Trinitarian Order 1809:and Friars Minor 1695:Abbot or cardinal 1666: 1665: 1591: 1590: 1551: 1550: 1483:Dominican Sisters 1456: 1455: 1266:Pope John Paul II 1201:Japanese Buddhism 1128:In traditions of 1126: 1125: 794: 633: 632: 589: 288:Black lounge suit 138:Anthony the Great 130: 129: 122: 104: 69:"Religious habit" 16:(Redirected from 3838: 3826:Robes and cloaks 3748: 3747: 3406:Vow of enclosure 3354: 3239:Consecrated life 3232: 3225: 3218: 3209: 3175: 3147: 3128: 3106: 3087: 3076: 3055: 3028: 3026:Matthew 11:29–30 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3001: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2878: 2872: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2753: 2747: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2729:, "horse-riding 2728: 2727: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2650:Islamic clothing 2622: 2619: 2601: 2594: 2581: 2572: 2556: 2448: 2405:Tikhon of Moscow 2353:or simply ράσο, 2348: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2299:, especially on 2294: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2242: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2197: 2196: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2108:religious orders 2085: 2069: 2054: 2038: 2022: 2006: 1987: 1971: 1955: 1932: 1916: 1896: 1877: 1861: 1842: 1826: 1798: 1782: 1766: 1750: 1730: 1661: 1658: 1640: 1633: 1617: 1615:sacrum rochettum 1586: 1583: 1565: 1558: 1546: 1543: 1525: 1518: 1477: 1460:Catholic sisters 1451: 1448: 1430: 1423: 1285: 1273: 1235: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1209:is known as the 1208: 1190: 1176: 1166:Chinese Buddhism 1158:Chinese Buddhism 1130:Tibetan Buddhism 1044: 963: 940:(Vin 1:94 289). 927: 849: 848: 839: 838: 813: 812: 799: 789: 787: 625: 618: 611: 597: 596: 595: 586: 584: 577: 566: 563: 558: 551: 542: 471:Ceremonial dress 388: 377: 361: 328: 317: 301: 295: 284: 275: 248: 237: 226: 208: 197: 188: 148: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 18:Nun's habit 3846: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3754: 3742: 3734: 3693: 3555: 3517: 3474: 3418: 3410: 3355: 3346: 3245: 3243:Catholic Church 3236: 3182: 3172: 3157: 3154: 3152:Further reading 3144: 3131: 3125: 3109: 3103: 3090: 3079: 3073: 3058: 3052: 3039: 3036: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3012: 3008: 2999: 2997: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2973: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2920: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2896: 2890:Kieschnick 2003 2888: 2881: 2875:Kieschnick 2003 2873: 2869: 2865: 2847:Religious dress 2838: 2779: 2741: 2722: 2703: 2681: 2660: 2652: 2646: 2623: 2617: 2614: 2607:needs expansion 2592: 2585: 2582: 2573: 2564: 2557: 2548: 2131: 2126: 2120: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2077: 2070: 2061: 2055: 2046: 2039: 2030: 2023: 2014: 2007: 1998: 1988: 1979: 1972: 1963: 1956: 1947: 1933: 1924: 1917: 1908: 1903:(also known as 1897: 1888: 1878: 1869: 1862: 1853: 1843: 1834: 1827: 1818: 1799: 1790: 1783: 1774: 1767: 1758: 1751: 1742: 1735:Carmelite Order 1731: 1722: 1703: 1697: 1678:clerical collar 1670:secular priests 1662: 1656: 1653: 1646:needs expansion 1631: 1587: 1581: 1578: 1571:needs expansion 1556: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1531:needs expansion 1516: 1492: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1436:needs expansion 1402: 1316:in her cloister 1306: 1283: 1271:Vita consecrata 1263: 1250: 1213: 1179: 1154: 1019: 987: 955: 946: 883: 751: 645:religious order 637:religious habit 629: 593: 591: 590: 588: 579: 572: 564: 561: 560: 553: 546: 537: 536: 466: 458: 457: 408:Business casual 403: 392: 391: 349: 334: 333: 273: 269: 254: 253: 186: 182: 163: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3844: 3842: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3763: 3762: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3659: 3658: 3657: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3632: 3631: 3621: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3576: 3565: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3484: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3424: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3401:Vow of silence 3398: 3393: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3323:Cleric regular 3320: 3319: 3318: 3308: 3306:Canons regular 3303: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3266: 3261: 3255: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3199: 3194: 3188: 3181: 3180:External links 3178: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3143:978-0861715886 3142: 3129: 3123: 3111:Sujato, Bhante 3107: 3102:978-0861710836 3101: 3088: 3077: 3071: 3056: 3050: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3029: 3018: 3006: 2982: 2957: 2942: 2940:, p. 266. 2930: 2918: 2906: 2894: 2879: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2834: 2830:jōe no ate-obi 2735:and undivided 2680: 2677: 2659: 2656: 2645: 2642: 2625: 2624: 2604: 2602: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2583: 2576: 2574: 2567: 2565: 2558: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2397: 2396: 2378: 2372: 2362: 2340: 2308: 2272: 2130: 2127: 2119: 2116: 2099: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2087: 2080: 2078: 2071: 2064: 2062: 2056: 2049: 2047: 2040: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2015: 2008: 2001: 1999: 1995:parish priests 1989: 1982: 1980: 1973: 1966: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1948: 1934: 1927: 1925: 1918: 1911: 1909: 1898: 1891: 1889: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1854: 1844: 1837: 1835: 1828: 1821: 1819: 1800: 1793: 1791: 1784: 1777: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1759: 1752: 1745: 1743: 1732: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1699:Main article: 1696: 1693: 1664: 1663: 1643: 1641: 1630: 1627: 1595:Canons Regular 1589: 1588: 1568: 1566: 1555: 1554:Canons regular 1552: 1549: 1548: 1528: 1526: 1515: 1512: 1491: 1488: 1454: 1453: 1433: 1431: 1401: 1398: 1391: 1390: 1382: 1358: 1352: 1340: 1305: 1302: 1262: 1259: 1249: 1246: 1191:), 1775–1825, 1178: 1170: 1153: 1150: 1148:in Buddhism. 1144:), two of the 1124: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1085: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1018: 1015: 998: 997: 994: 986: 983: 954: 951: 945: 942: 907:Gautama Buddha 882: 879: 750: 747: 666:orders of the 631: 630: 628: 627: 620: 613: 605: 602: 601: 544: 539: 538: 535: 534: 533: 532: 526: 518: 513: 512: 511: 496: 495: 494: 488: 483: 478: 467: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 450: 437: 432: 427: 422: 420:Combat uniform 417: 416: 415: 404: 398: 397: 394: 393: 390: 389: 378: 370:Cocktail dress 367: 362: 350: 340: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 330: 329: 321:Cocktail dress 307: 302: 285: 270: 260: 259: 256: 255: 252: 251: 250: 249: 227: 214: 209: 198: 183: 173: 172: 169: 168: 157: 156: 128: 127: 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3843: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3725:Monastic cell 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3488:Contemplation 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3435:Chapter house 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3330:Congregations 3328: 3324: 3321: 3317: 3316:Second orders 3314: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3299:Idiorrhythmic 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3226: 3221: 3219: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3124:9781921842085 3120: 3117:. Santipada. 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3064: 3063: 3057: 3053: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3027: 3022: 3019: 3016:, p. 90. 3015: 3010: 3007: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2955:, p. 16. 2954: 2953:Rinpoche 1999 2949: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2904:, p. 55. 2903: 2898: 2895: 2892:, p. 89. 2891: 2886: 2884: 2880: 2877:, p. 90. 2876: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2739: 2732: 2720: 2715: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2631: 2621: 2612: 2608: 2605:This section 2603: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2589: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2528:Polystavrion 2527: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2457:Great Schema 2456: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2323: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2287: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2199: 2191: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2161: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2135: 2128: 2125: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2079: 2075: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1949: 1946: 1943:, founded by 1942: 1938: 1931: 1926: 1922: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1876: 1871: 1867: 1860: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1765: 1760: 1756: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1660: 1651: 1647: 1644:This section 1642: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1600: 1596: 1585: 1582:February 2021 1576: 1572: 1569:This section 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1553: 1545: 1542:February 2021 1536: 1532: 1529:This section 1527: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1496: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1450: 1447:February 2021 1441: 1437: 1434:This section 1432: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1418: 1414: 1406: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1345: 1341: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1315: 1312:A nun of the 1310: 1303: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1279: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1260: 1254: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1228:Meiji periods 1225: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1194: 1189: 1183: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1076:Dharmaguptaka 1074: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 995: 992: 991: 990: 984: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 962: 952: 950: 943: 941: 939: 936: 932: 928: 926: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 896: 892: 887: 880: 878: 876: 872: 868: 865: 861: 858:), "chougu" ( 857: 853: 843: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 807: 803: 798: 792: 783: 779: 772: 768: 764: 760: 755: 748: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 682:covered by a 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 660: 656: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 626: 621: 619: 614: 612: 607: 606: 604: 603: 600: 587: 583: 576: 570: 557: 550: 541: 540: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 520:Distinctions 519: 517: 514: 509: 505: 502: 501: 500: 497: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 472: 469: 468: 462: 461: 454: 451: 449: 445: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 414: 413:Casual Friday 411: 410: 409: 406: 405: 401: 396: 395: 387: 382: 379: 376: 371: 368: 366: 363: 360: 355: 352: 351: 347: 343: 338: 337: 327: 322: 319: 318: 316: 311: 308: 306: 303: 300: 294: 289: 286: 283: 278: 272: 271: 267: 263: 258: 257: 247: 242: 239: 238: 236: 231: 228: 225: 220: 219: 215: 213: 210: 207: 202: 201:Morning dress 199: 196: 191: 185: 184: 180: 176: 171: 170: 167: 162: 158: 154: 150: 149: 143: 139: 134: 124: 121: 113: 110:February 2021 102: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: –  70: 66: 65:Find sources: 59: 55: 49: 48: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 3831:Sacramentals 3604:Grand master 3522: 3160: 3133: 3114: 3092: 3082: 3061: 3041: 3034:Bibliography 3021: 3009: 2998:. Retrieved 2994: 2985: 2974:. Retrieved 2972:. 2020-07-09 2969: 2960: 2933: 2928:, p. i. 2921: 2909: 2897: 2870: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2774: 2772: 2763: 2755: 2749: 2738:andon bakama 2730: 2698: 2697: 2693:Heian period 2682: 2661: 2653: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2615: 2611:adding to it 2606: 2500:Outer Rason 2497:Outer Rason 2494:Outer Rason 2468:Inner Rason 2465:Inner Rason 2462:Inner Rason 2454:Stavrophore 2444: 2416: 2412: 2388: 2387:; Slavonic: 2384: 2380: 2375:Polystavrion 2374: 2368: 2364: 2358: 2357:; Slavonic: 2354: 2350: 2342: 2325:; Slavonic: 2310: 2289:; Slavonic: 2274: 2202: 2187: 2183:Great Schema 2182: 2178: 2174: 2144: 2138: 2101: 2074:Mercedarians 1831:Benedictines 1807:Friars Minor 1706:Latin Church 1704: 1686: 1667: 1654: 1650:adding to it 1645: 1620: 1605: 1603: 1592: 1579: 1575:adding to it 1570: 1539: 1535:adding to it 1530: 1501: 1480: 1457: 1444: 1440:adding to it 1435: 1395: 1392: 1384: 1369:and a white 1360: 1354: 1342: 1332: 1327: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1281: 1264: 1248:Christianity 1210: 1198: 1161: 1155: 1141: 1137: 1134:endless knot 1127: 1089:Mahāsāṃghika 1063:Sarvāstivāda 1055: 1050: 1038: 1034: 1024: 1020: 988: 966: 958: 956: 947: 930: 922: 918: 914: 900: 874: 850:; 840:; 830:; 827: 822:; 819: 814:; 777: 776: 759:Central Asia 720: 661: 657: 636: 634: 545: 516:Folk costume 507: 481:royal courts 425:Smart casual 310:Evening gown 230:Evening gown 216: 116: 107: 97: 90: 83: 76: 64: 52:Please help 47:verification 44: 3811:Monasticism 3684:Lay brother 3470:Scriptorium 3014:DuBois 2017 2926:Sujato 2012 2806:tate-eboshi 2748:, "lantern 2689:Nara period 2539:Koukoulion 2418:Kalimavkion 2343:Outer Rason 2322:Paramandýas 2316:Παραμανδύας 2297:embroidered 2253:seminarians 2245:inner rason 2203:Inner Rason 2179:Stavrophore 2118:Anglicanism 2104:Lutheranism 2098:Lutheranism 1905:Poor Clares 1881:Cistercians 1847:Carthusians 1349:Benedictine 1276:consecrated 1261:Catholicism 1242:Noh theatre 961:uttarāsaṅga 944:Uttarāsaṅga 919:uttarāsaṅga 895:Hellenistic 771:Tarim Basin 757:Monks from 585:= Gentlemen 262:Semi-formal 3771:Asceticism 3765:Categories 3705:Asceticism 3579:Provincial 3503:Meditation 3396:Solemn vow 3391:Profession 3311:Mendicants 3000:2021-02-08 2976:2024-02-15 2863:References 2664:Śvetāmbara 2648:See also: 2618:March 2017 2536:Kalymafki 2533:Kalymafki 2451:Rasophore 2435:koukoulion 2301:feast days 2240:Podryásnik 2175:Rassaphore 2171:apostolnik 2106:, various 2076:wear white 1991:Oratorians 1866:Dominicans 1803:Franciscan 1657:March 2017 1102:Mahīśāsaka 921:, and the 852:Vietnamese 847:袈裟 가사 gasa 804:: kasāva; 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Anthony the Great
Coptic
a series
Western dress codes
attires
Formal
full dress
White tie

Morning dress

Full dress uniform
Frock coat

Evening gown

Ball gown

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