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372:. The efficiency of the total drive system (including the power electronics losses) is also improved and is now over 98%. But as the graph shows this depends somewhat on the speed and increases with speed. The design was initially made to reach its maximum performance at the normal cruising speed of the solar car at around 100 km/h.
225:(GaAs) and consist of three layers. Sunlight that penetrates the upper layer is used in the lower layers, resulting in an efficiency of over 26%. This type of solar cell is among the best available currently. Apart from efficiency, size also matters, so the entire upper surface of the Nuna 3 is covered with them, except for the cockpit.
392:. Any clouds would strongly influence the amount of sunlight that can be captured. So any weather changes along the track will have to be constantly monitored. All these data are analysed by a computer model that constantly computes the ideal speed for that moment. This equipment is built into (petrol powered) pilot cars. Through
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The main changes to the Nuna 4 from its predecessor the Nuna 3 are a steering wheel instead of levers, an upright seat instead of the driver lying down and a smaller solar panel of 6 m compared to the previous 9 m. These changes were necessitated by changes in the rules prompted by alleged
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The main changes to the Nuna 5 from its predecessor the Nuna 4 was the diminished battery weight, changing from 30 kg in 2007 to 25 kg. Other changes required cars not be allowed to race on previously used slicks (smooth tires), instead requiring profiled (treaded or grooved) tires. Also,
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Nuna 11 faced the similar problems as Nuna
Phoenix. At the beginning of their design period it seemed that the 2021 version of the World Solar Challenge would take place. But a couple of months before the event, it got cancelled because of COVID-19. It resulted in the team setting up the Moroccan
482:
Nuna 3 was one of the favourites for the 2005 edition of the World Solar
Challenge with a pre-race test-drive speed of 130 km/h. The final result was that the 3021 kilometers between Darwin and Adelaide were covered in a record 29 hours and 11 minutes, averaging about 103 km/h. This is
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The main change to the Nuna 7 from its predecessors is that it has four wheels instead of three, as required by the new rules of the World solar challenge. The vehicle is also asymmetric, as the driver's cabin is on the right side. The weight of the batteries and vehicle are barely changed with
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Nuna X (10) was in first place on the last day of the race with an average speed of 85.22 km/h (52.95 mph), but their race ended abruptly due to a fire in the car. The car burned down within minutes, preventing the team from capturing the 8th world title. This was the first time since the team
408:. The team has between ten and twenty team members. They take a year off from their studies to design and build a new version of the solar racer from scratch. In 2001 the Nuna 1 was built by the alpha-centauri team. They were provided with guidance from former astronaut
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Winning the race requires not just a good vehicle but also a clever way of driving it, in accordance with the characteristics of the track. Which is why this has been researched for two months prior to the race. Height differences are mapped and linked to
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and an average speed of 91.75 km/h (57.01 mph), just ahead of their Dutch counterparts, the
University of Twente, who led most of the race, but finished just 8 minutes behind them in second place. A modified version of the car, Nuna 8S, won the 2016
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that they failed to secure a place on the podium. A modified version of the car, Nuna
Phoenix, set a world record for the most amount of kilometers driven using just the power of the sun: 924 km after their race got cancelled due to COVID-19.
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The motor is totally encased in the rear wheel to minimise loss through mechanical transmission from motor to wheel (such as in a normal car in the gear box and cardan). The motor is an improved version of the original 1993 Motor of the
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data at the area where the contest is to take place, it can be concluded that there will likely be a strong side-wind. The wheel caps of the Nuna 3 are designed such that a sidewind will have a propulsory effect.
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seven times: in 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015 and 2017. The vehicles are built by students who are part of the "Brunel Solar Team" (formerly Nuon Solar Team and
Vattenfall Solar Team) at the
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is used to ensure the load resistance presented to the solar cells is such that the solar cells give maximum power, so also at the top of the green line in the graph. This is called a
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However, the batteries have a fairly constant voltage, which also has a rather different value than that of the solar cells. So a voltage transformation is needed. A special type of
319:. For example, liquid paints can be applied to see the flow of air over the surface. The photo shown was taken during one of those tests in the Low Speed Laboratory of the TU Delft.
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is the product of voltage and current and therefore also depends on the load. Over a certain voltage the current of the solar cell quickly drops to zero, as the graph illustrates.
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442:. It was the first time that the Dutch team participated in the race, and they won the 3021 km long race in 32 hours and 39 minutes, breaking the old record by the
364:. The improvements are due to completely redeveloped digital power electronics and control, realized 1999. They allowed for 50% more power (over 2400 W) and a 45% higher
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Nuna 2 won the race in 31.05 hours averaging a speed of 97.02 km/h for the 3021 km course, breaking the course record of the team's previous Nuna 1.
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is an important part of the total resistance. Important are the frontal surface area and the coefficient of drag. The shape must be designed to preserve
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safety concerns and attempts to make the car more like a real car, and by reductions in the speed limit on
Australian roads. The Nuna 4 won in 2007.
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cells, and the battery mass - both in accordance with the new rules. The weight of the car and aerodynamic drag have also been reduced.
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412:. From 2002 until 2019 the team has been called the Nuon Solar Team. Since 2022 the team is called the Brunel Solar Team.
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Efficiency is optimal when the cells are hit by the solar rays perpendicularly. If not, output is reduced by roughly the
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the driver was required to sit more upright with a seating angle of, at most, 27 degrees. It finished second.
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Solar
Challenge where they finished in the third place. A modified version of the car, Nuna 11s, won the 2022
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Through testing of the full scale car in a wind tunnel. For this, the DNW Large Low-Speed
Facility (LLF) in
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these constantly receive data about the condition of the batteries and the amount of captured sunlight.
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The main changes to the Nuna 6 from its predecessor the Nuna 5 is the change of solar cells to
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use as little energy as possible to drive at a certain speed. This means special attention to:
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In the challenger class, the team from Delft
University of Technology retained the title with
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273:(MPPT). Here too, the goal is to have this conversion achieve maximum efficiency (>97%).
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respect to its predecessor, Nuna 6. Nuna 7 won the 2013 Bridgestone World Solar
Challenge.
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446:-team from 1996 (33 hours and 32 minutes). The average speed was 91.8 kilometer per hour.
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762:"Dutch team Nuon celebrate victory in World Solar Challenge race from Darwin to Adelaide"
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Each version of the Nuna has been built by a team consisting of students of the
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Despite all testing and other preparations, one uncertain factor remains; the
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causes increased surface drag. The ideal shape is achieved in various stages:
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In the challenger class, the team from Delft again retained their title with
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data. From this, during the race, the optimal speed can be determined.
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the efficiency of transferring electrical energy to the wheels, and
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Name of several race cars that have won the World Solar Challenge
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and an average speed of 81.2 km/h (50.5 mph), just ahead of the
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202:, which in turn is affected by the weight, among other things
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621:. A modified version of the car, Nuna 9S, won the 2018
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The weblog of the Nuna 3 team (largely from Australia)
362:(now: Berner Fachhochschule Technik und Informatik)
434:. The team consisted mainly of students from the
258:(more precisely the resistance of the load). The
360:by the Engineering School of Biel, Switzerland
667:, a competing Dutch solar racing car from the
180:To have a good chance to win, the car has to:
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308:Through computer simulations of the design.
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861:Science and technology in the Netherlands
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478:The team at the race course of Zandvoort
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184:collect as much solar energy as possible
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285:The underside of the Nuna 3 model in a
246:A solar cell gives a certain amount of
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571:2013 Bridgestone World Solar Challenge
250:for a certain amount of sunlight. The
232:of the angle with the perpendicular.
684:'s car which preceded the Twente One.
619:University of Michigan Solar Car Team
193:minimizing friction, constituted by:
7:
438:who were guided by former astronaut
696:Eindhoven University of Technology
196:air friction (air resistance), and
136:is the name of a series of crewed
14:
794:. 5 November 2017. Archived from
483:still the current record for the
831:Speedace page on Nuon Solar team
740:, Retrieved on October 25, 2007.
836:Photos from the Nuon solar team
856:Delft University of Technology
788:"RESULTS FOR DAY 7 (archived)"
750:Technical Regulations WSC 2009
436:Delft University of Technology
406:Delft University of Technology
153:Delft University of Technology
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634:started participating in the
221:The solar cells are made of
271:Maximum power point tracker
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589:Nuna 8S, modified for the
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706:List of solar car teams
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569:Nuna 7, winner of the
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32:Circuit Park Zandvoort
821:www.nuonsolarteam.com
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603:Sasol Solar Challenge
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426:The first Nuna Team (
368:compared to the 1993
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311:Through testing of a
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145:World Solar Challenge
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21:Nuna (disambiguation)
698:which won the WSC's
669:University of Twente
19:For other uses, see
798:on 13 November 2017
430:) was sponsored by
428:Alpha Centauri Team
90:Nuna 8/8S (2015/16)
736:2007-11-05 at the
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358:Spirit of Biel III
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347:Efficiency of the
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277:Aerodynamic design
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143:that have won the
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768:. 22 October 2015
702:in 2013 and 2015.
652:in South Africa.
625:in South Africa.
605:in South Africa.
370:Spirit of Biel II
240:VI characteristic
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802:13 November
317:wind tunnel
313:scale model
287:wind tunnel
217:Solar cells
211:Solar cells
157:Netherlands
40:solar racer
845:Categories
729:TU Delft,
717:References
692:solar cars
664:Twente One
302:turbulence
163:(formerly
30:Nuna 3 at
394:telemetry
324:Marknesse
149:Australia
141:race cars
766:ABC News
734:Archived
656:See also
376:The race
326:is used.
772:19 June
677:SolUTra
390:weather
252:voltage
248:current
155:in the
690:Stella
615:Nuna 9
598:Nuna 8
561:Nuna 7
543:Nuna 6
537:Nuna 6
520:Nuna 5
514:Nuna 5
497:Nuna 4
470:Nuna 3
456:Nuna 2
422:Nuna 1
366:torque
351:engine
230:cosine
161:Brunel
444:Honda
339:Motor
330:From
315:in a
300:, as
260:power
804:2017
774:2017
687:The
674:The
661:The
432:Nuon
400:Team
349:Biel
292:The
256:load
171:Nuna
134:Nuna
46:Nuna
792:WSC
383:GPS
167:).
147:in
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764:.
682:TU
680:,
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122:e
115:t
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