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an appeal in a civilian court. Human rights groups disagreed with this and though that the military courts would refuse to impose any legal sanctions on the prosecuted and believed that the only way to see justice was to have a "bicameral commission". This way, the commission could manage an inquiry and then deliver a sentence and be able to subpoena testimony. Alfonsín denied the idea of a "bicameral commission" because of concern that legislators would compete among themselves to give the harshest punishments. Alfonsín also wanted to integrate the military into the democratic party to prevent further military coups so he wanted to be slightly more conciliatory.
684:) to place the "disappeared". They were similar to the prisons of Argentina in regards to condition and structure but the detention centers could deny if a captive was being retained there. This gave the captors more freedom for torture or to kill the captives. Most disappeared people were eventually murdered and their bodies were either buried in unmarked graves, incinerated or disposed into the sea. These hidden methods kept the Argentine government from being susceptible to international scrutiny and allowed the murder and torture of anyone without someone having to be held accountable to explain for the actions.
759:, and Carlos Gattinoni were all invited to join the Commission. CONADEP was created on December 15, 1983 by a presidential decree and was to report to both the executive branch and the legislators from both chambers. It was allotted 6 months time to collect reports about the disappearances, look to see if they could discover what happened to the "disappeared", find abducted children, find evidence of attempts to conceal crimes and destroy evidence, after which they would refer this information to the court and issue a final report.
717:
1983, the regime then passed the "National
Pacification Act" that granted impunity to the state by saying that all the action that was a result of the "antisubversive war" was then "extinguished". This act prompted human rights organizations to demand that a commission would be formed by the government with the task of investigating state "terrorism". The demands also included that the commission would include members from the House and the Congress and be advised by the human rights community.
868:
during 1982. The
Commission procured a copy of the city morgue ledger that listed around 700 people whose bodies passed through the morgue during the years following the military coup in 1976. The ledger contained descriptions of the conditions of the body. Ernesto Sabato, the president of CONADEP, was quoted as having said that "the tortures and torments and bullets holes from the firing squad" were all described in the ledger.
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843:("Never Again") report was the main report created by CONADEP. Within its 50,000 pages of depositions from the survivors of the disappearances, there contains detailed accounts of the treatment by the Argentine armed forces towards the captives, or the "disappeared", of the "Dirty War". The report contains descriptions of individual cases of people being tortured or killed.
733:) party and took office on December 10, 1983. He emphasized that to prosecute the guilty parties responsible for the disappearances that three categories of people would have to be distinguished: those who planned and issued the orders, those who acted beyond the orders and those who carried out the orders strictly to the letter.
656:. CONADEP recorded the forced disappearance of 8,961 persons from 1976 to 1983, although it noted that the actual number could be higher (estimates by human rights organizations usually place it at 30,000 persons). The report also stated that about 600 people were "disappeared" and 458 were assassinated (by
851:"disappeared". The report contained an analysis of the social and class backgrounds of the "disappeared", giving statistics about the people that were kidnapped. For example, the report concluded that about 30% of the "disappeared" were women and that no less than 200 children under 15 were kidnapped.
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In April 1983, the dictatorship published the "Final
Document of the Military Junta on the War against Subversion" in which the military argues that the acts that they committed were under the orders of the current president, Isabel Perón, in which she ordered to "annihilate subversion". In September
736:
Alfonsín proposed to take away the "self-amnesty" law that had been implemented by the military regime and ordered for the prosecution of seven guerilla leaders and the first three military juntas of the dictatorship. But, Alfonsín wanted to hold the trials in military court, with the possibility of
762:
Although the decree was passed, only three
Radical Party Congressmen and only one human rights group, APDH, participated in CONADEP because human rights groups did not think that CONADEP would be successful. They felt that only a bicameral commission had the power of coercion necessary to subpoena
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throughout
Argentina used during the "Dirty War" that were administered by the military and documenting 8,961 deaths and disappearances from 1976-1977. It also gave evidence that the inquiries made by CONADEP helped to find many of the mass burial sites around Argentina that were used to bury the
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In
February 1984, CONADEP found a mass grave in San Vincent Cemetery in Córdoba, Argentina, that at the time of discovery, was the largest mass grave discovered in Argentina since human rights organizations began to oppose the secret burial of victims during the military repression in Argentina
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report, CONADEP decided the most effective way to prosecute the ones thought to be responsible, would be to identify the people they though were guilty and have them explain the events in court. CONADEP asked the
President to prohibit those accused of leaving the country and this was approved.
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After the creation of CONADEP, the commission asked APDH for all the reports of disappearances that they had gathered during the "Dirty War", and at the same time invited APDH member, Graciela Fernández
Meijide, to be the head of the Secretaría de Denuncias (Department of Depositions). Meijide
712:
Following this defeat, widespread coverage of the charges against the
Argentine dictatorship spread through the press causing civil society organizations to demand that the parties responsible for the disappearances be brought forth and charged. A popular slogan used by these organizations was
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Military intervention in the political sphere was common in
Argentina since the 1930s. Torture and violence were used as mechanisms to control political conflicts or to deter the actions of opposition. But, the implementation of forced disappearances began to be prevalent following the
858:
report is a bestseller in Argentina and has been constantly in print since 1984. Part of the prologue by Ernesto Sábato was refactored in 2006 by the Kirchner administration. The prologue was restored to the original form in 2016, once the Kirchners ended their term of office.
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CONADEP has also had success in the scope of their influence. Some people who approve of the work of CONADEP say that it started the "justice cascade" trend which is the implementation of new norms and practices that provide more accountability for human rights violations.
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which would then be sent back to CONADEP. In the summer of 1984, relatives of the disappeared and survivors collected at the Centro Cultural San Martín in Buenos Aires at the location of the CONADEP headquarters in order to give their testimonies.
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and organizations with various religious affiliations. These reports promoted visits from both Amnesty International and IACHR, but the dictatorship succeeded in denying the charges until the Falklands War in June 1982 and Argentina's defeat.
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Relatives of the "disappeared" for many years following the abductions demanded solely for truth about the fate of the "disappeared". Over 5,000 reports were filed from Argentina to the La Asamblea Permanente por los Derechos Humanos
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For the CONADEP investigation and the history of Never Again report see: Crenzel, Emilio (2017): Memory of the Argentina Disappearances: The Political History of Nunca Más, Routledge, New York.
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Crenzel, Emilio (July 2008). "Argentina's National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons: contributions to transitional justice".
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Sikkink, Kathryn (Spring 2008). "From pariah state to global protagonist: Argentina and the struggle for international human rights".
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Rock,D. (1986, December 7). "Nunca mas: the report of the Argentine national commission on the disappeared."
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El debate por el prólogo de Ernesto Sabato que fue censurado en el Nunca Más
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Editan el "Nunca más" sin los agregados del kirchnerismo: hay polémica
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The research of the investigation commission was documented in the
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Familiares de Detenidos y Desaparecidos por Razones Políticas
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Controversia por el prólogo agregado al informe "Nunca más"
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Argentine Beagle conflict dispute resolution referendum
664:) during the Peronist governments from 1973 to 1976.
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who was the candidate for the Unión Cívica Radical (
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Comisión Nacional sobre la Desaparición de Personas
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National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons
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955:Daniel Salvador: Documentation and Data Processing
411:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
751:, Ricardo Colombres, Monsignor Jaime de Nevares,
787:(Relatives of the Detained-Disappeared) and the
27:"Nunca Más" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1264:(Never Again) CONADEP Report
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1164:10.1093/ijtj/ijn007
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900:Carlos T. Gattinoni
743:, Eduardo Rabossi,
731:Radical Civic Union
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1454:Full stop law
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1300:Raúl Alfonsín
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891:René Favaloro
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757:René Favaloro
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727:Raúl Alfonsín
720:
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700:(IACHR), the
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619:desaparecidos
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615:Raúl Alfonsín
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513:Valech Report
511:
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508:Rettig Report
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486:
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480:Full stop law
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332:Orlando Bosch
330:
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327:Alfredo Astiz
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222:Desaparecidos
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216:Death flights
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47:This article
45:
36:
35:
30:
19:
1689:South Africa
1679:Sierra Leone
1543:
1382:Austral plan
1376:
1320:
1313:
1261:
1257:(in English)
1246:
1236:
1227:
1221:(in Spanish)
1213:
1207:(in Spanish)
1199:
1193:(in Spanish)
1185:
1177:
1172:
1151:
1145:
1093:
1089:
1054:
1048:
1034:
1026:
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870:
866:
863:Achievements
855:
853:
845:
840:
838:
832:
828:
822:
820:
811:
770:
761:
739:
735:
724:
715:
711:
686:
679:
671:
660:such as the
658:death squads
654:dictatorship
641:
639:
627:human rights
625:) and other
621:(victims of
618:
598:
597:
593:
592:
536:
440:
367:Paul Schäfer
221:
72:
59:unverifiable
51:weasel words
48:
1694:South Korea
1669:Philippines
1604:El Salvador
1397:Spring plan
1158:: 173–191.
1041:(in French)
884:(President)
803: [
792: [
781: [
246:Hugo Banzer
241:Jorge Anaya
61:information
1785:Categories
1737:Greensboro
1549:Bangladesh
1362:Presidency
1018:References
596:(Spanish:
294:Montoneros
1791:Dirty War
1717:2005–2008
1712:2001–2005
1699:Sri Lanka
1644:Mauritius
1624:Guatemala
1592:2003–2011
1587:1990–1991
1544:Argentina
1416:Elections
1262:Nunca Más
1122:144272369
856:Nunca Más
841:Nunca Más
833:Nunca Más
823:Nunca Más
642:Nunca Más
631:Dirty War
612:President
608:Argentine
530:Reactions
441:Esmeralda
434:Locations
299:Tupamaros
176:Dirty War
104:Argentina
49:contains
18:Nunca Más
1574:Colombia
1343:Timeline
1114:30130837
1100:: 1–29.
1060:Archived
1036:Le Monde
969:See also
646:Alfonsín
148:Paraguay
1729:Ukraine
1724:Tunisia
1649:Morocco
1639:Liberia
1614:Germany
1599:Ecuador
1554:Bolivia
1536:Country
1377:CONADEP
652:of the
158:Uruguay
117:Bolivia
1704:Taiwan
1674:Rwanda
1659:Panama
1583:Chile
1564:Canada
1559:Brazil
1481:(wife)
1472:Family
1370:Events
1120:
1112:
835:report
170:Events
137:
124:
122:Brazil
106:
55:biased
1654:Nepal
1634:Kenya
1629:Haiti
1619:Ghana
1487:(son)
1154:(2).
1118:S2CID
1110:JSTOR
1098:Wiley
1096:(1).
807:]
796:]
785:]
135:Chile
128:1960s
1664:Peru
1609:Fiji
1569:Chad
1447:Laws
1260:The
854:The
839:The
474:Laws
153:Peru
1160:doi
1102:doi
57:or
1787::
1235:.
1150:.
1130:^
1116:.
1108:.
1094:50
1092:.
1070:^
1058:.
1033:,
805:es
794:es
783:es
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696:,
1520:e
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1162::
1152:2
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1104::
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688:(
582:e
575:t
568:v
143:)
139:(
130:)
126:(
112:)
108:(
77:)
73:(
69:.
63:.
31:.
20:)
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