379:
95:
290:) inside the small half-timbered house in the middle of the courtyard is certainly as old as the castle itself, as it was the castle's only source of water. Its shaft reaches the water level in a depth of 50 meters (164 feet) and the water usually is 3 m (10 ft) deep. Above the water level, a niche was cut out of the rock for cleaning purposes. The lower stone walls of the building date from 1563. The little annex built in the following year was used as bathroom and changing room. The
60:
52:
693:
80:
428:) originally was built during the Hohenstaufen period, but later replaced by a large four storeyed building. The present building was burned down in 1945 and later reconstructed. At present, it houses the ticket office, the small museum shop and a multimedia show about the building history of the Imperial Castle.
375:, the main building of the Imperial Castle, has two floors which were used for official functions and as the Emperors residence. It was rebuilt and modified a number of times during the castle's history. It now houses the permanent exhibition »Emperor – Empire – City. The Imperial Castle in Nuremberg«.
839:
With the political and commercial rise of the city, the
Imperial Castle became less attractive. Emperors started to execute their governmental acts in the town hall completed in 1340 and preferred to stay in the luxurious houses of the leading families rather than in the less comfortable castle. The
996:
In World War II, the castle was damaged in 1944-45, with only the
Imperial Chapel and the Sinwell Tower remaining entirely intact. After the war, the castle was restored under the direction of Rudolf Esterer and Julius Lincke to its historical form, including the Luginsland tower which had been
868:
At this time, in 1538 to 1545, bastions were built on the northern side of the castle to better protect it against an improved artillery, and the Castle was integrated in the renewed and improved fortifications of the city. The new fortifications were designed by the
Maltese military engineer
731:
subject only to the
Emperor. Frederick II also transferred various responsibilities for the care of the Imperial Castle to the city. This was the starting point not only of a remarkable development of the city, but also of a long dispute between the city and the Burgraves.
814:
Thus, it was inevitable that the relations between the city and the
Burgraves on the castle hill deteriorated significantly. In 1367, the city obstructed the Burgraves' access to the city by a wall in front of their castle, and in 1377, the city erected the
778:. Immediately thereafter, Rudolf I attested a number of privileges to the Burgraves in consideration of their assistance in his election. Rudolf I held several diets at the Imperial Castle, and under his reign as well as under the reign of his successors
689:. The Zollerns, soon renamed Hohenzollern, held it until the Burgraves' Castle was destroyed and afterwards its ruins sold to the city of Nuremberg in 1427 (the Hohenzollerns, however, continued to administer their landholdings outside of Nuremberg).
490:) was built in 1377 near the main gate of the Burgraves' castle, in order to enable the city to monitor the activities inside the Burgraves' Castle, at a time when the relations between the city and the Burgraves had already deteriorated.
790:
of
Habsburg, new buildings were added such as the Sinwell Tower, and works were executed on the Palas and the upper parts of the Chapel Tower (Heathens' Tower). During the same period, the Burgraves extended their adjacent castle.
519:
were built in 1538 to 1545 in response to the progress in artillery which threatened the northern side of the castle. At about the same time, the fortifications of the city of
Nuremberg as a whole were renewed and extended.
645:
in the subsequent year and soon afterwards started to build a new
Imperial Castle which appears to have been completed during his reign. The new buildings comprised the Palas, the Imperial Chapel and the Heathens' Tower.
1247:
Document 30 in: Harry
Bresslau unter Mitwirkung von H. Wibel und A. Hessel (Hrsg.): Diplomata 15: Die Urkunden Konrads II. (Conradi II. Diplomata) Mit Nachträgen zu den Urkunden Heinrichs II.. Hannover 1909, p. 33–34
1122:
823:) near the main gate of the Burgraves' castle, in order to control the activities inside the castle. In 1388/89, there was an armed conflict which was settled. Finally, the Burgraves' Castle was attacked in 1420 by
1306:
1102:
1005:
986:
136:, is considered to be one of Europe's most formidable medieval fortifications. It represented the power and importance of the Holy Roman Empire and the outstanding role of the Imperial City of Nuremberg.
1357:
633:
who considered all these lands, including
Nuremberg Castle, to be part of the Salian family property inherited by them. After several sieges, Lothair succeeded in October 1130 in capturing the castle.
164:) to the next. Thus, the castle at NĂĽrnberg became an important imperial castle, and in the following centuries, all German kings and emperors stayed at the castle, most of them on several occasions.
584:, a district of Nuremberg). In the customary way, these documents indicate the place and date of their issuance, but do not contain any reference to the type of the place (e.g. castle, village etc.).
398:
double chapel consisting of two chapels one above the other and connected only through an opening in the ceiling, thus representing the hierarchical levels in the medieval society.
294:
provided sufficient quantities of water for normal consumption, but during Imperial Diets and visits by the Emperor, water barrels had to be transported on wagons from the city.
55:
Nuremberg Castle: Palas, Imperial Chapel, Heathens' Tower on the right - Sinwell Tower in the middle left - Pentagonal Tower, Imperial Stables and Luginsland Tower on the right
799:
Both the Burgraves and the city improved their positions in the surrounding lands. The city of Nuremberg prospered and became one of the most important towns in Germany. The
1362:
228:
and its air raids in 1944/1945, a large part of the castle was laid in ruins. It took some thirty years to complete the rebuilding and restoration to its present state.
929:
which from 1663 to 1806 seated in Regensburg. As a consequence, the Nuremberg Castle lost practically all of its importance and was left undisturbed by outside forces.
533:
Archeological excavations within the castle unearthed remnants of walls dated around 1000, and in deeper strata even older ones that may be attributed to a building of
754:
Frederick II made his last visit to Germany in 1236 and returned to Italy in 1237 for the remaining thirteen years of his life, leaving the German affairs to his son
394:), from an architectural point of view, is the most important building on the castle rock. It was built around 1200, at the same time as the original Palas. It is a
1347:
508:, Nuremberg's most important architect at that time. The ground floor was also used as stables. Severely damaged in World War II, it was renovated and is now a
1249:
1231:
1367:
1265:
241:
The usual access to the castle is via Burgstrasse ending in front of the sandstone ridge. A wide footpath leads into the outer courtyard through the
18:
827:
and burned down, probably with the consent of the city. In 1422, Sigismund transferred the care of the Imperial Castle to the city, and in 1427,
1160:
844:
appreciated the safety of the Castle and stayed there several months. The last king holding his first Imperial Diet in Nuremberg was his son
744:
803:
named Nuremberg as the place of the first Imperial Diet of a newly elected ruler. The Burgraves' rise to power reached its climax when King
194:
The first fortified buildings appear to have been erected around 1000. Thereafter, three major construction periods may be distinguished:
611:, at the end of his reign, in 1105, had to endure that in his absence, after a siege lasting two months, the castle was taken by his son
409:) stands next to the Imperial Chapel. It was built at the same time as the Chapel. When the Castle was restored for the visit of Emperor
828:
378:
678:
1078:
841:
664:
455:
of the Burgraves' Castle. Its lower part made of ashlars may have been built at the same time as the Imperial Chapel. During later
845:
700:
674:
Henry VI apparently was engaged in various building activities related to the Palas, the Imperial Chapel and adjacent buildings.
417:
on the tower were removed, meaning romanesque sculptures, and thus the tower's name in colloquial parlance subsists until today.
220:(1618 to 1648). In the 19th century with its general interest in the medieval period, some modifications were added. During the
660:
653:
in order to ensure the safety of the castle in the absence of the king. Thus, the first burgraves from the Austrian House of
619:
1253:
1235:
1040:
849:
804:
557:
541:
410:
224:, in preparation of the Nuremberg party rally in 1936, it was "returned to its original state." A few years later, during
1327:
1272:
1211:
926:
686:
626:
600:
365:
1342:
896:
748:
612:
657:
built the Burgraves' Castle next to the Imperial Castle and were granted a substantial landholding in the vicinity.
939:
824:
808:
740:
184:
966:
to execute restoration work, but the king was not pleased with his neo-Gothic style and stopped the work. His son
1352:
857:
779:
967:
963:
904:
900:
650:
608:
395:
361:
145:
133:
1320:
1204:
505:
736:
356:. In the courtyard, remains of foundations of the Salian Period may be seen. In the middle, there is the
212:
reconstruction of the Palas as well as various modifications and additions in the late medieval centuries.
176:
94:
1070:
682:
642:
630:
1148:
1311:
444:, but after its destruction in 1420 and the purchase of its remains by the city, very little is left.
892:
877:
755:
534:
279:. In the 1560s, its height was increased by a further floor and a pavilion roof with a pointed helm.
217:
982:
977:
In the 1930s, the general opinion of 19th century art and architecture had deteriorated. During the
1186:(Kurzfassung - abstract), on the website of FAU — Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
959:
922:
800:
787:
771:
456:
451:
standing above the northern rock face is among the oldest buildings on the castle rock. It was the
948:
885:
881:
728:
720:
654:
269:
149:
671:
in 1156, but according to recent research, he did not contribute to the building of the Palace.
618:
Upon the death of Henry V in 1125, the last member of the Salian dynasty, his elected successor
59:
1301:
1180:
1097:
989:, removed most of the previous installations and returned the Castle to what was thought to be
470:, but after the city purchased the ruins of Burgraves' Castle, it was rebuilt and dedicated to
1156:
1074:
1026:
1022:
1021:
The Nuremberg Castle (ingame name Burgrave Palace) is the Military Castle Age Landmark of the
775:
767:
325:
are further buildings in the outer court, to a large extent reconstructed after World War II.
1291:(4th edition, reprinted 1997, with an afterword by the editor G. Ulrich Grossmann) Nuremberg
668:
604:
936:'s restructuring of central Europe, French troops occupied Nuremberg and, according to the
918:
Neither the city nor the Castle fully recovered from the effects of the Thirty Years' War.
971:
783:
716:
577:
573:
168:
161:
106:
1036:
870:
853:
739:
as many as 21 times. In 1224, on the first diet of thirteen year old King Henry (VII),
471:
199:
51:
727:), the privilege to mint coins, and an independent customs policy, making the city an
1336:
848:. In 1491, he stayed at the castle for almost six months. His grandson and successor
474:. Destroyed in World War II, it was reconstructed and opened to the public in 1970.
978:
623:
467:
225:
221:
206:
692:
852:, because of epidemics raging at Nuremberg, relocated his first Imperial Diet to
1032:
955:
703:, on the occasion of his first diet at the Imperial Castle in 1219, granted the
157:
360:
planted in 1984, replacing older trees first mentioned in 1455 and named after
1171:
This article is based on the two foregoing sources, unless indicated otherwise
974:
to continue the refurbishment between 1852 and 1858 in a more moderate style.
561:
466:
appears to have been built shortly thereafter. It was originally dedicated to
876:
The subsequent Habsburg emperors concentrated on their territories mainly in
743:
was on the guest list, and in 1225, Henry (VII) was married at the castle to
33:
20:
118:
114:
79:
615:
and that at the end of the same year he was forced by his son to abdicate.
497:
was the only exit from the castle to the north, at that time an open land.
933:
1289:
Die Burg zu NĂĽrnberg. Geschichtlicher FĂĽhrer fĂĽr Einheimische und Fremde
903:
appeared in front of the walled city, but were diminished less by their
1001:
641:
Upon Lothair's death in 1137, the Hohenstaufen Conrad was elected King
596:
588:
565:
553:
126:
122:
1121:
Official guide, revised by Erich Bachmann and Albrecht Miller (1994),
735:
Frederick II stayed at the castle at least 16 times, and his son King
912:
908:
592:
572:, a small village some 4 km further to the east where the river
509:
48:
Group of medieval fortified buildings in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
1312:
https://www.inuremberg.com/imperial-castle-of-nuremberg-kaiserburg/
1183:
Zur Geschichte, Geologie und Hydrologie des Burgberges zu NĂĽrnberg.
587:
Henry III used the castle in his campaigns to extend his rule over
691:
377:
93:
78:
58:
1307:
Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes
1103:
Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes
1006:
Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes
987:
Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes
925:
of 1648 not only ended the atrocities of the war, but led to the
156:) did not have a capital, but voyaged from one of their castles (
1123:
Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen
1010:
Bayerische Verwaltung der staatlichen Schlösser, Gärten und Seen
888:. Thus, Nuremberg was rarely visited any more by acting rulers.
452:
265:
153:
921:
Since 1594, the Imperial Diet had met only in Regensburg. The
86:(Deep well, small building with gable roof in the middle) and
840:
castle continued to be used on important formal occasions.
436:
The Burgraves' Castle was situated on the area between the
1268:
NĂĽrnberg, Reichsstadt: Politische und soziale Entwicklung.
268:
of the Castle. It is named after its cylindrical form: in
958:
revived interest for medieval art and architecture, King
264:
built in the 2nd half of the 13th century was the major
831:
sold the remains of the Burgraves' Castle to the city.
677:
After the last count of Raabs had died, his son-in-law
1358:
Registered historic buildings and monuments in Bavaria
856:. He visited Nuremberg only in 1541 on his way to the
770:
ceased in 1273 with the election in Frankfurt of King
202:
kings respectively Holy Roman Emperors (1027–1125);
685:, in 1192, was granted the Burgraviate by Emperor
113:) is a group of medieval fortified buildings on a
1114:
1112:
1110:
568:in 1025 and 1030, still had issued documents in
1222:Document 253 in: Harry Bresslau und Paul Kehr:
1155:Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2006,
649:At about the same time, Conrad established the
167:Nuremberg Castle comprises three sections: the
1069:2. Auflage bearbeitet von Wilhelm Schwemmer.
8:
1224:Die Urkunden der Deutschen Könige und Kaiser
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
709:
667:and receptions, e.g. of a legation from the
622:attempted to seize the crown lands from the
1031:The castle is also the setting of the 1992
504:were built as a granary in 1494 to 1495 by
540:The first written record is of 1050, when
117:ridge dominating the historical center of
1363:Imperial palaces of the Holy Roman Empire
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
216:The castle lost its importance after the
459:times, a storey of brickwork was added.
50:
1315:Photos of Imperial Castle of Nuremberg,
1058:
835:The Imperial Castle as part of the City
774:, the first King of the Romans of the
478:Buildings erected by the Imperial City
1348:Buildings and structures in Nuremberg
1065:Fehring, GĂĽnther P. and Ress, Anton.
7:
1000:The Castle is owned by the state of
183:), and the buildings erected by the
829:Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
762:The Castle in the Late Middle Ages
14:
1368:Tourist attractions in Nuremberg
1151:(translated by Margaret Marks):
663:used the castle for a number of
253:tower (named after the Bohemian
603:, who had been the opponent of
321:) as well as the post-medieval
1326:Article of 4 October 2010 in:
1210:Article of 4 October 2010 in:
152:after their coronation by the
132:The castle, together with the
1:
1303:Imperial Castle of Nuremberg,
1254:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
1236:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
1099:Imperial Castle of Nuremberg,
811:to the Hohenzollern in 1411.
205:a new castle built under the
1328:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
1273:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
1212:Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
951:, then raised to a kingdom.
927:Perpetual Diet of Regensburg
627:Frederick II, Duke of Swabia
529:Pre-Salian and Salian period
858:Imperial Diet in Regensburg
198:the castle built under the
144:In the Middle Ages, German
1384:
1228:Die Urkunden Heinrichs III
1153:Nuremberg Imperial Palace.
1119:Imperial Castle Nuremberg.
940:Confederation of the Rhine
809:Margraviate of Brandenburg
741:Walther von der Vogelweide
415:heathen idols and pictures
1287:Mummenhoff, Ernst, 1926:
895:, in 1632, the armies of
825:Duke Louis VII of Bavaria
715:) to the city, including
1004:and administered by its
964:Carl Alexander Heideloff
661:Frederick I (Barbarossa)
705:Great Letter of Freedom
609:Investiture Controversy
249:) situated next to the
189:Reichsstädtische Bauten
71:(Imperial Chapel), and
1266:Michael Diefenbacher:
997:completely destroyed.
737:Henry (VII) of Germany
710:
697:
620:Lothair of Supplinburg
576:could be crossed by a
383:
110:
99:
91:
76:
56:
1071:Deutscher Kunstverlag
947:), handed it over to
795:The Burgraves' Castle
794:
749:Leopold VI of Austria
745:Margaret of Babenberg
711:GroĂźer Freiheitsbrief
695:
544:issued the so-called
506:Hans Beheim the Elder
431:
381:
364:, consort of Emperor
344:), surrounded by the
209:emperors (1138–1254);
187:at the eastern site (
97:
82:
62:
54:
34:49.45778°N 11.07583°E
669:Eastern Roman Empire
535:Henry of Schweinfurt
307:Secretarial Building
1067:Die Stadt NĂĽrnberg.
970:later commissioned
962:, in 1833, ordered
960:Ludwig I of Bavaria
923:Peace of Westphalia
801:Golden Bull of 1356
747:, daughter of Duke
637:Hohenstaufen period
358:Kunigunde Lime Tree
311:Sekretariatsgebäude
150:Holy Roman Emperors
67:(Heathens' Tower),
63:The courtyard with
30: /
1343:Castles in Bavaria
1149:G. Ulrich GroĂźmann
1016:In popular culture
991:its original state
985:, director of the
821:look into the land
729:Imperial Free City
721:Imperial immediacy
698:
560:, on voyages from
488:look into the land
384:
270:Middle High German
100:
92:
77:
57:
39:49.45778; 11.07583
1161:978-3-7954-1877-9
1027:Age of Empires IV
1023:Holy Roman Empire
956:Romantic Period's
954:In line with the
897:Gustavus Adolphus
893:Thirty Years' War
819:tower (literally
776:House of Habsburg
432:Burgraves' Castle
303:Kastellansgebäude
299:Castellan's House
218:Thirty Years' War
177:Burgraves' castle
1375:
1353:Imperial castles
1323:NĂĽrnberger Burg.
1321:Birgit Friedel:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1245:
1239:
1226:. FĂĽnfter Band:
1220:
1214:
1207:NĂĽrnberger Burg.
1205:Birgit Friedel:
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1172:
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1163:
1147:Birgit Friedel,
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1041:Spear of Destiny
1025:Civilization in
932:In 1806, during
807:transferred the
713:
629:and his brother
605:Pope Gregory VII
502:Imperial Stables
449:Pentagonal Tower
426:Ladies' Building
315:Finance Building
103:Nuremberg Castle
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464:Walburga Chapel
434:
403:Heathens' Tower
388:Imperial Chapel
368:(Saint Henry).
362:Saint Cunigunde
350:Imperial Chapel
342:Innerer Burghof
338:Inner Courtyard
336:) leads to the
323:Himmelsstallung
277:perfectly round
239:
237:Imperial Castle
234:
169:Imperial castle
162:Imperial castle
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111:NĂĽrnberger Burg
90:(Sinwell Tower)
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1033:id Software
979:Third Reich
905:hostilities
901:Wallenstein
891:During the
768:Interregnum
717:town rights
651:Burgraviate
580:(presently
570:Megelendorf
486:(literally
334:Inneres Tor
313:) and the
222:Nazi period
158:Kaiserpfalz
88:Sinwellturm
75:(Deep Well)
37: /
1337:Categories
1048:References
864:Modern Era
817:Luginsland
643:Conrad III
562:Regensburg
554:bondswoman
484:Luginsland
442:Luginsland
407:Heidenturm
396:romanesque
330:Inner Gate
247:Himmelstor
173:Kaiserburg
134:city walls
65:Heidenturm
25:11°04′33″E
22:49°27′28″N
1039:prequel,
850:Charles V
805:Sigismund
756:Conrad IV
679:Frederick
582:Mögeldorf
558:Conrad II
550:Norenberc
542:Henry III
411:Charles V
292:Deep Well
284:Deep Well
257:family).
255:Hasenburg
251:Hasenburg
232:Buildings
119:Nuremberg
115:sandstone
1125:, Munich
934:Napoleon
907:than by
788:Albert I
772:Rudolf I
687:Henry VI
601:Henry IV
517:Bastions
440:and the
422:Kemenate
366:Henry II
354:Kemenate
352:and the
1002:Bavaria
949:Bavaria
886:Hungary
882:Bohemia
878:Austria
683:Zollern
613:Henry V
607:in the
597:Hungary
589:Bohemia
574:Pegnitz
566:Bamberg
524:History
305:), the
273:sinwell
140:Summary
127:Germany
123:Bavaria
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1077:
913:scurvy
909:typhus
784:Nassau
631:Conrad
593:Poland
457:gothic
348:, the
275:means
200:Salian
107:German
1053:Notes
854:Worms
780:Adolf
665:Diets
655:Raabs
373:Palas
346:Palas
146:kings
1271:In:
1157:ISBN
1075:ISBN
911:and
899:and
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786:and
766:The
595:and
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154:Pope
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