1809:
60:
that would make a good nurse, which historically included loyalty to the physician, rather than the focus being on nurse's conduct in relation to the person in the nurse's care. In recent times, the ethics of nursing has also shifted more towards the nurse's obligation to respect the human rights and
146:
and this is an important principle in many nursing ethical codes. This is where information about the person is only shared with others after permission of the person, unless it is felt that the information must be shared to comply with a higher duty such as preserving life. Related to information
151:
in interactions with the person in care. There is a balance between people having the information required to make an autonomous decision and, on the other hand, not being unnecessarily distressed by the truth. Generally the balance is in favour of truth telling due to respect for autonomy, but
159:
By giving consideration to the themes above, the nurse can endeavour to practice in an ethical way. This key outcome in nursing practice is sometimes challenged by resource, policy or environmental constraints in the practice area, which can lead to moral distress.
77:, there are some factors that differentiate it. Breier-Mackie suggests that nurses' focus on care and nurture, rather than cure of illness, results in a distinctive ethics. Furthermore, nursing ethics emphasizes the ethics of everyday practice rather than
55:
The nature of nursing means that nursing ethics tends to examine the ethics of caring rather than 'curing' by exploring the everyday interaction between the nurse and the person in care. Early work to define ethics in nursing focused more on the
81:. Nursing ethics is more concerned with developing the caring relationship than broader principles, such as beneficence and justice. For example, a concern to promote beneficence may be expressed in traditional medical ethics by the exercise of
100:. This is considered by its advocates to emphasise relationships over abstract principles and therefore to reflect the caring relationship in nursing more accurately than other ethical views. Themes that emphasize the dignity of the
85:, where the health professional makes a decision based upon a perspective of acting in the patient's best interests. However, it is argued by some that this approach acts against person-centred values found in nursing ethics.
123:, respecting dignity can also be aligned with having a respect for people and their autonomous choices. People are then enabled to make decisions about their own treatment. Amongst other things this grounds the practice of
1602:
127:
that should be respected by the nurse, although much of the debate lies in the discussion of cases where people are unable to make choices about their own treatment due to being
1578:
462:
1610:
442:
417:
383:
285:
228:
139:, outlining how they wish to be treated in the event of their inability to make an informed choice, thus avoiding unwarranted paternalism.
1626:
726:
260:
595:
638:
62:
61:
dignity of the patient and this is reflected in a number of professional codes for nurses, such as in the latest code from the
1594:
1411:
828:
1658:
1618:
1531:
545:
Tuckett, A. (2004). "Truth-Telling in
Clinical Practice and the Arguments for and Against: a review of the literature".
152:
sometimes people will ask not to be told, or may lack the capacity to understand the implications. Finally, the role of
1290:
611:
1586:
1777:
1793:
1280:
937:
693:
200:
1833:
1270:
871:
823:
175:
American
Nursing Association Massachusetts offers an annual Living Legends in Massachusetts Nursing Award
1650:
1642:
1570:
1526:
888:
883:
778:
471:
1767:
1431:
907:
897:
878:
856:
818:
756:
668:
631:
32:
1737:
1698:
1674:
1541:
1461:
1441:
1416:
1386:
798:
678:
190:
185:
1732:
1727:
1562:
1501:
1371:
959:
866:
851:
803:
751:
570:
527:
153:
135:
that affects their judgement. A suggested way to maintain autonomy is for the person to write an
88:
The distinction can be examined from different theoretical angles. Despite the move toward more
590:
1787:
1772:
1762:
1742:
1491:
1322:
1225:
1215:
944:
902:
562:
519:
438:
413:
379:
346:
281:
256:
224:
169:
The
National Nursing Ethics Conference (NNEC) awards an annual Nursing Ethics Leadership Award
136:
36:
1757:
1682:
1666:
1496:
1481:
1426:
1205:
987:
954:
949:
846:
746:
683:
663:
655:
554:
511:
338:
195:
124:
1812:
1546:
1285:
1240:
1200:
1148:
1093:
1083:
1007:
982:
964:
917:
808:
741:
736:
624:
143:
1782:
1536:
1436:
1421:
1396:
1391:
1275:
1165:
1103:
1022:
1012:
1002:
912:
788:
773:
713:
698:
673:
406:
172:
Massachusetts
Nursing Association (MNA) offers an Image of the Professional Nurse Award
132:
128:
120:
112:
Nurses seek to defend the dignity of those in their care. Being able to respond to the
74:
28:
20:
1827:
1466:
1406:
1356:
1195:
1133:
1118:
1017:
932:
861:
813:
721:
703:
499:
342:
251:
Storch, J.L. (2009). "Ethics in
Nursing Practice". In Kuhse H & Singer P. (ed.).
113:
97:
93:
89:
78:
57:
574:
531:
1747:
1690:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1486:
1456:
1190:
1063:
997:
992:
927:
783:
768:
326:
116:
of patients in a way that provides dignifying care is a key concept in the field.
104:
by promoting a respectful and caring attitude from nurses are also commonly seen.
1446:
1250:
1027:
688:
82:
1506:
1476:
1471:
1451:
1401:
1312:
1170:
1113:
1073:
1068:
838:
761:
558:
515:
1722:
1634:
1366:
1346:
1245:
1155:
1128:
1108:
1053:
922:
731:
566:
523:
350:
1752:
1717:
1351:
1336:
1260:
1255:
1220:
1210:
1123:
1058:
1032:
40:
1376:
1265:
1230:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1088:
1078:
603:
148:
101:
44:
24:
1361:
1302:
1235:
1160:
1037:
647:
327:"Medical Ethics and Nursing Ethics: Is There Really Any Difference?"
1341:
1331:
500:"Dignity-enhancing nursing care: A foundational ethical framework"
43:. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human
1381:
1297:
1143:
1138:
1098:
301:
620:
591:
International Care Ethics
Observatory, University of Surrey, UK
1307:
612:
Understanding the
Nursing Code of Ethics, Widener University
1603:
616:
73:
Although much of nursing ethics can appear similar to
92:
themes by some, there continues to be an interest in
23:
that concerns itself with activities in the field of
1710:
1555:
1321:
1046:
975:
837:
712:
654:
405:
378:(3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann.
223:. Vol. 7. London: Routledge. pp. 56–57.
255:. Chichester UK: Blackwells. pp. 551–562.
461:Baille L; Gallagher A.; Wainwright P. (2008).
399:
397:
395:
632:
27:. Nursing ethics shares many principles with
8:
1579:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
493:
491:
639:
625:
617:
470:. Royal College of Nursing. Archived from
376:Ethics in Nursing: the caring relationship
369:
367:
96:in nursing ethics and some support for an
325:Breier-Mackie, Sarah (March–April 2006).
246:
244:
242:
240:
1611:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
435:Nursing Ethics: A Virtue-Based Approach
307:. International Council of Nurses. 2012
211:
156:has become prominent in recent years.
456:
454:
7:
221:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
164:Awards for nursing ethics excellence
1627:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
302:"The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses"
14:
147:giving is the debate relating to
1808:
1807:
608:a prominent journal in the field
343:10.1097/00001610-200603000-00099
276:McHale, J; Gallagher, A (2003).
219:Hunt, G. (1998). Craig E (ed.).
63:International Council of Nurses
1595:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
965:Value monism – Value pluralism
1:
108:Some themes in nursing ethics
1659:On the Genealogy of Morality
1619:Critique of Practical Reason
1850:
1587:A Treatise of Human Nature
600:from Amnesty International
408:Ethics in Nursing Practice
1803:
559:10.1191/0969733004ne728oa
374:Tschudin, Verena (2003).
280:. Butterworth Heinemann.
938:Universal prescriptivism
516:10.1177/0969733012473772
433:Armstrong, Alan (2007).
331:Gastroenterology Nursing
278:Nursing and Human Rights
253:A Companion to Bioethics
201:Philosophy of healthcare
47:and collaborative care.
727:Artificial intelligence
597:Nurses and Human Rights
437:. Palgrave Macmillan.
51:Development of subject
1651:The Methods of Ethics
889:Divine command theory
884:Ideal observer theory
498:Gastmans, C. (2013).
119:In terms of standard
1768:Political philosophy
412:. Balliere Tindall.
1738:Evolutionary ethics
1699:Reasons and Persons
1675:A Theory of Justice
829:Uncertain sentience
404:Rumbold, G (1999).
191:Clinical governance
186:Bullying in nursing
1733:Ethics in religion
1728:Descriptive ethics
1563:Nicomachean Ethics
69:Distinctive nature
1821:
1820:
1788:Social philosophy
1773:Population ethics
1763:Philosophy of law
1743:History of ethics
1226:Political freedom
903:Euthyphro dilemma
694:Suffering-focused
464:Defending Dignity
444:978-0-230-50688-6
419:978-0-7020-2312-5
385:978-0-7506-5265-0
287:978-0-7506-5292-6
230:978-0-415-18712-1
142:Another theme is
137:advance directive
1841:
1811:
1810:
1758:Moral psychology
1703:
1695:
1687:
1683:Practical Ethics
1679:
1671:
1667:Principia Ethica
1663:
1655:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1575:
1571:Ethics (Spinoza)
1567:
1206:Moral imperative
664:Consequentialism
641:
634:
627:
618:
579:
578:
542:
536:
535:
495:
486:
485:
483:
482:
476:
469:
458:
449:
448:
430:
424:
423:
411:
401:
390:
389:
371:
362:
361:
359:
357:
322:
316:
315:
313:
312:
306:
298:
292:
291:
273:
267:
266:
248:
235:
234:
216:
196:Patient advocacy
154:empirical ethics
125:informed consent
39:and respect for
1849:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1799:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1581:
1573:
1565:
1551:
1324:
1317:
1241:Self-discipline
1201:Moral hierarchy
1149:Problem of evil
1094:Double standard
1084:Culture of life
1042:
971:
918:Non-cognitivism
833:
708:
650:
645:
587:
582:
544:
543:
539:
497:
496:
489:
480:
478:
474:
467:
460:
459:
452:
445:
432:
431:
427:
420:
403:
402:
393:
386:
373:
372:
365:
355:
353:
324:
323:
319:
310:
308:
304:
300:
299:
295:
288:
275:
274:
270:
263:
250:
249:
238:
231:
218:
217:
213:
209:
182:
166:
144:confidentiality
110:
71:
53:
37:non-maleficence
19:is a branch of
12:
11:
5:
1847:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1834:Nursing ethics
1826:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1783:Secular ethics
1780:
1778:Rehabilitation
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1643:Utilitarianism
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:Existentialist
1000:
995:
990:
985:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
968:
967:
957:
952:
947:
942:
941:
940:
935:
930:
925:
915:
910:
905:
900:
898:Constructivism
895:
894:
893:
892:
891:
886:
876:
875:
874:
872:Non-naturalism
869:
854:
849:
843:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
765:
764:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
710:
709:
707:
706:
701:
699:Utilitarianism
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
660:
658:
652:
651:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
615:
614:
609:
605:Nursing Ethics
601:
593:
586:
585:External links
583:
581:
580:
553:(5): 500–513.
547:Nursing Ethics
537:
510:(2): 142–149.
504:Nursing Ethics
487:
450:
443:
425:
418:
391:
384:
363:
317:
293:
286:
268:
261:
236:
229:
210:
208:
205:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
170:
165:
162:
133:mental illness
121:ethical theory
109:
106:
79:moral dilemmas
75:medical ethics
70:
67:
52:
49:
29:medical ethics
21:applied ethics
17:Nursing ethics
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1846:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1814:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1196:Moral courage
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:Good and evil
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:Family values
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
974:
966:
963:
962:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
939:
936:
934:
933:Quasi-realism
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
840:
836:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
763:
760:
759:
758:
757:Environmental
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
715:
711:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
679:Particularism
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
659:
657:
653:
649:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
622:
619:
613:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
598:
594:
592:
589:
588:
584:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
541:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
494:
492:
488:
477:on 2016-09-23
473:
466:
465:
457:
455:
451:
446:
440:
436:
429:
426:
421:
415:
410:
409:
400:
398:
396:
392:
387:
381:
377:
370:
368:
364:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
321:
318:
303:
297:
294:
289:
283:
279:
272:
269:
264:
262:9781405163316
258:
254:
247:
245:
243:
241:
237:
232:
226:
222:
215:
212:
206:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
179:
174:
171:
168:
167:
163:
161:
157:
155:
150:
149:truth telling
145:
140:
138:
134:
130:
129:incapacitated
126:
122:
117:
115:
114:vulnerability
107:
105:
103:
99:
98:ethic of care
95:
94:virtue ethics
91:
90:deontological
86:
84:
80:
76:
68:
66:
64:
59:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1792:
1748:Human rights
1691:After Virtue
1417:Schopenhauer
1191:Moral agency
1064:Common sense
960:Universalism
928:Expressivism
908:Intuitionism
879:Subjectivism
824:Terraforming
799:Professional
793:
604:
596:
550:
546:
540:
507:
503:
479:. Retrieved
472:the original
463:
434:
428:
407:
375:
354:. Retrieved
337:(2): 182–3.
334:
330:
320:
309:. Retrieved
296:
277:
271:
252:
220:
214:
158:
141:
131:or having a
118:
111:
87:
72:
54:
16:
15:
1566:(c. 322 BC)
1432:Kierkegaard
1251:Stewardship
1028:Rousseauian
945:Rationalism
857:Cognitivism
804:Programming
779:Meat eating
752:Engineering
83:paternalism
33:beneficence
1462:Bonhoeffer
1171:Immorality
1114:Eudaimonia
1074:Conscience
1069:Compassion
955:Skepticism
950:Relativism
867:Naturalism
847:Absolutism
819:Technology
669:Deontology
481:2009-04-16
356:2 February
311:2017-07-19
207:References
31:, such as
1723:Casuistry
1635:Either/Or
1542:Korsgaard
1537:Azurmendi
1502:MacIntyre
1442:Nietzsche
1372:Augustine
1367:Confucius
1347:Aristotle
1323:Ethicists
1281:Intrinsic
1246:Suffering
1156:Happiness
1129:Free will
1109:Etiquette
1054:Authority
998:Epicurean
993:Confucian
988:Christian
923:Emotivism
747:Discourse
684:Pragmatic
656:Normative
1828:Category
1813:Category
1753:Ideology
1718:Axiology
1547:Nussbaum
1497:Frankena
1492:Anscombe
1482:Williams
1437:Sidgwick
1357:Valluvar
1352:Diogenes
1337:Socrates
1261:Theodicy
1256:Sympathy
1221:Pacifism
1211:Morality
1124:Fidelity
1104:Equality
1059:Autonomy
1047:Concepts
1008:Feminist
983:Buddhist
913:Nihilism
852:Axiology
809:Research
742:Computer
737:Business
575:30437801
567:15362359
532:44930378
524:23466947
351:16609314
180:See also
41:autonomy
1711:Related
1457:Tillich
1422:Bentham
1397:Spinoza
1392:Aquinas
1377:Mencius
1291:Western
1266:Torture
1231:Precept
1186:Loyalty
1181:Liberty
1176:Justice
1089:Dignity
1079:Consent
1023:Kantian
1013:Islamic
976:Schools
862:Realism
794:Nursing
789:Medical
774:Machine
714:Applied
102:patient
58:virtues
45:dignity
25:nursing
1702:(1984)
1694:(1981)
1686:(1979)
1678:(1971)
1670:(1903)
1662:(1887)
1654:(1874)
1646:(1861)
1638:(1843)
1630:(1820)
1622:(1788)
1614:(1785)
1606:(1780)
1598:(1759)
1590:(1740)
1582:(1726)
1574:(1677)
1532:Taylor
1517:Parfit
1512:Singer
1487:Mackie
1362:Cicero
1303:Virtue
1236:Rights
1161:Honour
1018:Jewish
814:Sexual
722:Animal
704:Virtue
648:Ethics
573:
565:
530:
522:
441:
416:
382:
349:
284:
259:
227:
1794:Index
1556:Works
1527:Adams
1522:Nagel
1477:Dewey
1472:Rawls
1452:Barth
1447:Moore
1412:Hegel
1387:Xunzi
1342:Plato
1332:Laozi
1313:Wrong
1286:Japan
1276:Value
1271:Trust
1166:Ideal
1033:Stoic
784:Media
769:Legal
571:S2CID
528:S2CID
475:(PDF)
468:(PDF)
305:(PDF)
1507:Hare
1467:Foot
1427:Mill
1407:Kant
1402:Hume
1382:Mozi
1298:Vice
1216:Norm
1144:Evil
1139:Good
1099:Duty
839:Meta
762:Land
689:Role
674:Care
563:PMID
520:PMID
439:ISBN
414:ISBN
380:ISBN
358:2012
347:PMID
282:ISBN
257:ISBN
225:ISBN
1308:Vow
1038:Tao
732:Bio
555:doi
512:doi
339:doi
1830::
569:.
561:.
551:11
549:.
526:.
518:.
508:20
506:.
502:.
490:^
453:^
394:^
366:^
345:.
335:29
333:.
329:.
239:^
65:.
35:,
640:e
633:t
626:v
577:.
557::
534:.
514::
484:.
447:.
422:.
388:.
360:.
341::
314:.
290:.
265:.
233:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.