329:
318:
948:
1282:
5255:
4484:
43:
375:(HDDs), and it became increasingly inadequate for SSDs, which improved in speed over time. For example, within about five years of mass market mainstream adoption (2005–2010) many SSDs were already held back by the comparatively slow data rates available for hard drives—unlike hard disk drives, some SSDs are limited by the maximum
566:
U.3 is built on the U.2 spec and uses the same SFF-8639 connector. It is a 'tri-mode' standard, combining SAS, SATA and NVMe support into a single controller. U.3 can also support hot-swap between the different drives where firmware support is available. U.3 drives are still backward compatible with
449:
I/O. It is expected that future revisions will significantly enhance namespace management. Because of its feature focus, NVMe 1.1 was initially called "Enterprise NVMHCI". An update for the base NVMe specification, called version 1.0e, was released in
January 2013. In June 2011, a Promoter Group led
1211:
have been added in updates. Many vendors have released their own
Windows drivers for their devices as well. There are also manually customized installer files available to install a specific vendor's driver to any NVMe card, such as using a Samsung NVMe driver with a non-Samsung NVMe device, which
481:
2014 and promised similar performance. In June 2014, Intel announced their first NVM Express products, the Intel SSD data center family that interfaces with the host through PCI Express bus, which includes the DC P3700 series, the DC P3600 series, and the DC P3500 series. As of
November 2014,
179:
Architecturally, the logic for NVMe is physically stored within and executed by the NVMe controller chip that is physically co-located with the storage media, usually an SSD. Version changes for NVMe, e.g., 1.3 to 1.4, are incorporated within the storage media, and do not affect PCIe-compatible
485:
In March 2014, the group incorporated to become NVM Express, Inc., which as of
November 2014 consists of more than 65 companies from across the industry. NVM Express specifications are owned and maintained by NVM Express, Inc., which also promotes industry awareness of NVM Express as an
1242:
maintains an open-source NVMe
Windows Driver for Windows 7/8/8.1 and Windows Server 2008R2/2012/2012R2, developed from the baseline code submitted by several promoter companies in the NVMe workgroup, specifically IDT, Intel, and LSI. The current release is 1.5 from December
1085:
mainline on 18 January 2012 and released as part of version 3.3 of the Linux kernel on 19 March 2012. Linux kernel supports NVMe Host Memory Buffer from version 4.13.1 with default maximum size 128 MB. Linux kernel supports NVMe Zoned
Namespaces start from version
804:
of PCI Express SSDs, and complementing the parallelism of contemporary CPUs, platforms and applications. At a high level, the basic advantages of NVMe over AHCI relate to its ability to exploit parallelism in host hardware and software, manifested by the differences in
444:
was the working group's chair. Version 1.0 of the specification was released on 1 March 2011, while version 1.1 of the specification was released on 11 October 2012. Major features added in version 1.1 are multi-path I/O (with namespace sharing) and arbitrary-length
486:
industry-wide standard. NVM Express, Inc. is directed by a thirteen-member board of directors selected from the
Promoter Group, which includes Cisco, Dell, EMC, HGST, Intel, Micron, Microsoft, NetApp, Oracle, PMC, Samsung, SanDisk and Seagate.
516:(KV), and support for rotating media such as hard drives. ZNS and KV allows data to be mapped directly to its physical location in flash memory to directly access data on an SSD. ZNS and KV can also decrease
222:
specification which support NVM Express as the logical-device interface are a popular use-case for NVMe and have become the dominant form of solid-state storage for servers, desktops, and laptops alike.
191:
overhead and brings various performance improvements relative to previous logical-device interfaces, including multiple long command queues, and reduced latency. The previous interface protocols like
2182:
1958:
3260:
2126:
4414:
644:
2827:
437:(ONFI) on the memory (flash) chips side. A NVMHCI working group led by Intel was formed that year. The NVMHCI 1.0 specification was completed in April 2008 and released on Intel's web site.
440:
Technical work on NVMe began in the second half of 2009. The NVMe specifications were developed by the NVM Express
Workgroup, which consists of more than 90 companies; Amber Huffman of
199:(HDD) where a very lengthy delay (relative to CPU operations) exists between a request and data transfer, where data speeds are much slower than RAM speeds, and where disk rotation and
1462:
558:, is a computer interface for connecting solid-state drives to a computer. It uses up to four PCI Express lanes. Available servers can combine up to 48 U.2 NVMe solid-state drives.
2022:
1157:, as of April, 2021. The driver requires advanced interrupts as provided by the ACPI PSD running in advanced interrupt mode (mode 2), thus requiring the SMP kernel, as well.
1530:
2047:
394:
to work with all SSDs adhering to the specification. It also means that each SSD manufacturer does not have to design specific interface drivers. This is similar to how
1558:
465:, was announced in July 2013; according to Samsung, this drive supported 3 GB/s read speeds, six times faster than their previous enterprise offerings. The LSI
610:
3736:
4116:
1654:
2097:
2190:
2068:
1185:
6.0 and later builds, supporting various NVMe devices. As of vSphere 6 update 1, VMware's VSAN software-defined storage subsystem also supports NVMe devices.
997:'s head and stable/9 branches. The nvd(4) and nvme(4) drivers are included in the GENERIC kernel configuration by default since FreeBSD version 10.2 in 2015.
367:
for interfacing with the rest of a computer system. Since SSDs became available in mass markets, SATA has become the most typical way for connecting SSDs in
3947:
173:
2134:
1969:
4695:
3674:
3271:
5223:
3295:
386:
bus before NVMe, but using non-standard specification interfaces, or by emulating a hardware RAID controller. By standardizing the interface of SSDs,
2838:
4852:
1786:
4715:
4449:
4424:
4279:
1835:
1415:
434:
1362:
4522:
2941:
3554:
5282:
4488:
4439:
2433:
5287:
4903:
4574:
1473:
3393:
1757:
5250:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
3909:
3816:
3840:
1625:
328:
1899:
4956:
4795:
4725:
4295:
1140:
832:
774:
192:
1604:
1402:
NVMe is designed from the ground up to deliver high bandwidth and low latency storage access for current and future NVM technologies.
4785:
3233:
2797:
2026:
317:
3766:
3579:
4883:
1861:
1690:
777:(AHCI) has the benefit of wide software compatibility, but has the downside of not delivering optimal performance when used with
2588:
5277:
3940:
3712:
2237:
2212:
4675:
4454:
3975:
3628:
1811:
2771:
2719:
2459:
709:
Storage
Performance Development Kit (SPDK) NVMe-oF initiator and target drivers. Both RoCE and TCP transports are supported.
536:
Almost all early NVMe solid-state drives are HHHL (half height, half length) or FHHL (full height, half length) AIC, with a
1569:
5227:
4878:
4847:
3130:
2514:
757:
742:
728:
660:
4825:
1665:
753:
724:
670:
501:
454:
2621:
2603:
631:
over a network to connect remote NVMe devices, contrary to regular NVMe where physical NVMe devices are connected to a
5151:
5090:
4945:
4609:
4444:
4106:
3603:
3155:
674:
489:
In
September 2016, the CompactFlash Association announced that it would be releasing a new memory card specification,
3744:
2863:
3699:
2570:
1260:
since version 1.6 released on August 15, 2013. NVMe devices presented to QEMU guests can be either real or emulated.
4750:
4515:
3933:
3261:"IDF13 Hands-on Lab: Compiling the NVM Express Linux Open Source Driver and SSD Linux Benchmarks and Optimizations"
2105:
1162:
1064:
2076:
1882:
1215:
Support for NVMe HMB was added in Windows 10 Anniversary Update (Version 1607) in 2016. In Microsoft Windows from
4805:
2661:
789:(HBA) in a system was to connect the CPU/memory subsystem with a much slower storage subsystem based on rotating
699:
478:
3106:
2690:
4244:
4000:
1017:
1012:
135:
3678:
1994:
793:. As a result, AHCI introduces certain inefficiencies when used with SSD devices, which behave much more like
5258:
5233:
5125:
4780:
4500:
4376:
3995:
3064:
1338:
1231:
505:
4234:
2745:
4815:
4434:
3203:
2914:
1438:
1208:
1200:
418:
414:
410:
1498:
540:
2.0 or 3.0 interface. A HHHL NVMe solid-state drive card is easy to insert into a PCIe slot of a server.
5079:
5032:
4888:
4660:
4508:
2544:
1929:
1790:
1423:
430:
402:
mass-storage device class specification and work with all computers, with no per-device drivers needed.
3394:"Pci.c « host « nvme « drivers - kernel/Git/Stable/Linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree"
1839:
1704:
820:
The table below summarizes high-level differences between the NVMe and AHCI logical-device interfaces.
504:, which can improve the I/O performance for DRAM-less SSDs. For example, HMB can be used for cache the
800:
The NVMe device interface has been designed from the ground up, capitalizing on the lower latency and
5075:
4928:
4810:
4330:
3333:
3042:
2308:
1239:
794:
678:
360:
139:
3533:
2271:
1301:
tool is used to control an NVMe disk from the command line on FreeBSD. It was added in FreeBSD 9.2.
4987:
4542:
4182:
4076:
4055:
4040:
4035:
4025:
2183:"Kingston HyperX Predator PCI Express SSD Unveiled With LSI SandForce SF3700 PCIe Flash Controller"
2127:"LSI Introduces Blazing Fast SF3700 Series SSD Controller, Supports Both PCIe and SATA 6 Gbps"
947:
517:
152:
1733:
433:
2007, when NVMHCI was shown as the host-side protocol of a proposed architectural design that had
4531:
4229:
4187:
3016:
2069:"Samsung Announces Industry's First 2.5-inch NVMe SSD | StorageReview.com - Storage Reviews"
814:
801:
462:
184:
2157:
2098:"LSI SF3700 SandForce Flash Controller Line Unveiled | StorageReview.com - Storage Reviews"
2356:"HMB-I/O: Fast Track for Handling Urgent I/Os in Nonvolatile Memory Express Solid-State Drives"
1765:
1281:
1007:
Support for consumer-grade NVMe was added to the Genode framework as part of the 18.05 release.
210:
and as 2.5-inch form-factor devices that provide a four-lane PCI Express interface through the
4977:
4599:
4535:
4177:
4071:
3980:
3956:
3654:"Update to support NVM Express by using native drivers in Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2"
3361:
3182:
2893:
2377:
2336:
1502:
1333:
778:
720:
712:
441:
368:
172:
cards. NVM Express, as a logical-device interface, has been designed to capitalize on the low
161:
4166:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)
2990:
4710:
4045:
4020:
3990:
3913:
3351:
3341:
2367:
2326:
2316:
790:
786:
598:
500:(HMB) added in version 1.2 of the NVMe specification. HMB allows SSDs to utilize the host's
395:
387:
183:
By its design, NVM Express allows host hardware and software to fully exploit the levels of
2488:
4840:
4690:
4670:
4545:
4353:
4213:
4131:
4096:
1224:
1220:
1216:
951:
The position of NVMe data paths and multiple internal queues within various layers of the
628:
594:
372:
352:
338:
196:
3770:
3337:
2312:
2048:"IDT Shows Off The First NVMe PCIe SSD Processor and Reference Design - FMS 2012 Update"
474:
5141:
4835:
4760:
4685:
4589:
4564:
4371:
4259:
3356:
3321:
2647:
2331:
2296:
1182:
1059:
in smartphones. Apple followed these releases with the release of the first-generation
1048:
528:
There are many form factors of NVMe solid-state drive, such as AIC, U.2, U.3, M.2 etc.
446:
342:
207:
5271:
5213:
5100:
4992:
4940:
4923:
4705:
4604:
4594:
4569:
4464:
4301:
4050:
3484:
3407:
1121:
added support for NVMe in NetBSD 8.0. The implementation is derived from OpenBSD 6.0.
1097:
980:
974:
806:
761:
732:
654:
640:
429:
The first details of a new standard for accessing non-volatile memory emerged at the
391:
364:
647:(ICITS), and this combination is often referred to as FC-NVMe or sometimes NVMe/FC.
469:
SF3700 controller family, released in November 2013, also supports NVMe. A Kingston
206:
NVM Express devices are chiefly available in the form of standard-sized PCI Express
4950:
4893:
4745:
4650:
4469:
4319:
4030:
4015:
3985:
1328:
1082:
952:
703:
590:
406:
215:
188:
157:
1818:
1416:"NVMe 1.4 Specification Published: Further Optimizing Performance and Reliability"
3700:
https://nvmexpress.org/wp-content/uploads/03_Lee_Windows-Windows-Driver_Final.pdf
3346:
2321:
5218:
5197:
5120:
5115:
4898:
4873:
4800:
4584:
4579:
4368:
4313:
3653:
2395:
2245:
1323:
1196:
1105:
1056:
965:
On February 24, 2015, support for booting from NVM Express devices was added to
782:
636:
632:
537:
383:
143:
3408:"Faster 'NVM Express' SSD Interface Arrives on Retina MacBook and OS X 10.10.3"
3379:
2522:
738:
691:
The standard for NVMe over Fabrics was published by NVM Express, Inc. in 2016.
508:
table by the SSD controller, which can improve I/O performance. NVMe 2.0 added
42:
5071:
4770:
4559:
4324:
4254:
3970:
2409:
1235:
1135:
has been started in April 2014 by a senior developer formerly responsible for
1052:
684:
376:
3919:
2515:"Supplement to InfiniBandTMArchitecture Specification Volume 1 Release 1.2.1"
2381:
785:
bus. As a logical-device interface, AHCI was developed when the purpose of a
5095:
5085:
5052:
5047:
4982:
4857:
4645:
4630:
4625:
4192:
4141:
3187:
3160:
2942:"4f503189f7339c667b045ab80a949964ecbaf93e - chromiumos/platform/depthcharge"
1605:"NVM Express Announces the Rearchitected NVMe 2.0 Library of Specifications"
1204:
1044:
810:
490:
466:
200:
3365:
2340:
1143:
support. Support for NVMe has been enabled in the OpenBSD 6.0 release.
3459:
2966:
5105:
5042:
4775:
4635:
4199:
4169:
4081:
4010:
3861:
1592:
1060:
966:
960:
666:
4208:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm
2372:
2355:
5238:
5192:
5176:
5002:
4820:
4765:
4700:
4655:
4239:
4136:
3903:
3207:
3082:
1817:. Santa Clara, CA USA: Flash Memory Summit. August 2009. Archived from
1607:(Press release). Beaverton, Oregon, USA: NVM Express, Inc. June 3, 2021
1565:
1537:
1190:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1101:
1030:
1025:
994:
988:
458:
371:; however, SATA was designed primarily for interfacing with mechanical
3862:"GitHub - linux-nvme/nvme-cli: NVMe management command line interface"
457:(89HF16P04AG3 and 89HF32P08AG3) in August 2012. The first NVMe drive,
17:
5171:
5062:
5037:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
4830:
4720:
4680:
4640:
4249:
4158:
4100:
3925:
3791:
3211:
1178:
1172:
1154:
1118:
1113:
1002:
470:
5156:
5067:
3322:"HMB in DRAM-less NVMe SSDs: Their usage and effects on performance"
2297:"HMB in DRAM-less NVMe SSDS: Their usage and effects on performance"
752:
Bloombase StoreSafe Intelligent Storage Firewall supports NVMe over
3899:
5166:
5057:
4997:
4935:
4908:
4790:
4740:
4665:
4419:
4398:
4381:
4358:
4205:
4087:
1469:
1439:"Intel SSD DC P3700 800GB and 1.6TB Review: The Future of Storage"
1280:
1212:
may be needed for additional features, performance, and stability.
1091:
1078:
1072:
946:
879:
746:
716:
169:
3629:"Windows 8.1 to support hybrid disks and adds native NVMe driver"
3508:
1531:"AHCI and NVMe as Interfaces for SATA Express Devices – Overview"
337:
Intel SSD 750 series, an SSD that uses NVM Express, in form of a
5161:
5146:
5007:
4918:
4913:
4755:
4459:
4151:
4146:
4005:
3713:"NVMe Feature and Extended Capability Support - Windows drivers"
1269:
1257:
1148:
1100:
10.10.3. The NVMe hardware interface was introduced in the 2016
453:
The first commercially available NVMe chipsets were released by
356:
4504:
3929:
3894:
3433:
817:
accesses, etc., resulting in various performance improvements.
405:
NVM Express devices are also used as the building block of the
5110:
4735:
4730:
4393:
4388:
4363:
4336:
4163:
1318:
1038:
639:
to a PCIe bus. In August 2017, a standard for using NVMe over
576:
549:
399:
219:
214:
connector (formerly known as SFF-8639). Storage devices using
211:
165:
3460:"non volatile memory express controller (/sys/dev/ic/nvme.c)"
2662:"SPDKNVMe-oFRDMA (Target & Initiator) Performance Report"
2691:"SPDKNVMe-oFTCP (Target & Initiator) Performance Report"
2434:"NVMe over Fibre Channel (NVMe over FC) or FC-NVMe standard"
645:
International Committee for Information Technology Standards
128:
Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification
36:
Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification
3887:
2410:"All-Flash NVME Servers for Advanced Computing Supermicro"
2272:"The Toshiba RC100 SSD Review: Tiny Drive In A Big Market"
1390:
187:
possible in modern SSDs. As a result, NVM Express reduces
2828:"Advancements in Storage and File Systems in Windows 8.1"
1167:
Solaris received support for NVMe in Oracle Solaris 11.2.
176:
and internal parallelism of solid-state storage devices.
108:
2622:"Data in a Flash, Part III: NVMe over Fabrics Using TCP"
2158:"Kingston Unveils First PCIe SSD: 1800 MB/s Read Speeds"
694:
The following software implements the NVMe-oF protocol:
650:
As of May 2021, supported NVMe transport protocols are:
3434:"nvme -- Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface"
2354:
Kim, Kyusik; Kim, Seongmin; Kim, Taeseok (2020-06-24).
2213:"Intel® Solid-State Drive Data Center Family for PCIe*"
567:
U.2, but U.2 drives are not compatible with U.3 hosts.
160:
that comes in several physical form factors, including
3296:"Merge git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/linux-nvme"
2720:"Hands On with StarWind NVMe-oF Initiator for Windows"
2798:"LightBits Super SSD brings NVMe on vanilla Ethernet"
1862:"NVMHCI: The Optimized Interface for Caches and SSDs"
1096:
Apple introduced software support for NVM Express in
477:" product using this controller was showcased at the
3900:
LFCS: Preparing Linux for nonvolatile memory devices
2772:"Intel planning big Lightbits NVMe/TCP storage push"
1055:
introduced the first mobile deployment of NVMe over
593:. Interfaces provided through the M.2 connector are
5206:
5185:
5134:
4970:
4866:
4618:
4552:
4407:
4346:
4288:
4272:
4222:
4124:
4115:
4064:
3963:
2023:"IDT releases two NVMe PCI-Express SSD controllers"
1227:
updates the maximum HMB size to 1/64 of system RAM.
702:. RoCE transport was supported initially, and with
103:
93:
83:
65:
57:
49:
4090:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm
3156:"iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus Preliminary Results"
1900:"New Promoter Group Formed to Advance NVM Express"
1499:"SFFWG Renames PCIe SSD SFF-8639 Connector To U.2"
231:Specifications for NVMe released to date include:
3380:"Linux 4.13 has been released on Sun, 3 Sep 2017"
3065:"Release notes for the Genode OS Framework 18.05"
643:(FC) was submitted by the standards organization
2892:Werner Fischer; Georg Schönberger (2015-06-01).
2265:
2263:
409:storage in many leading supercomputers, such as
203:give rise to further optimization requirements.
4853:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
2821:
2819:
2589:"What NVMe over Fabrics Means for Data Storage"
1363:"NVM Express® Base Specification, Revision 2.1"
611:Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor
2864:"NVM Express Base Specification Revision 1.4a"
1883:"What's New in NVMe 1.1 and Future Directions"
1691:"ASUS ROG RAIDR Express 240GB PCIe SSD Review"
1033:received support for NVMe on October 15, 2014.
4516:
3941:
3580:"VMware Compatibility Guide for NVMe devices"
1812:"Extending the NVMHCI Standard to Enterprise"
1131:Development work required to support NVMe in
27:Interface used for connecting storage devices
8:
3920:NVMe, NVMe-oF and RDMA for network engineers
2915:"ChromeOS adds boot support for NVM Express"
764:for transparent storage security protection.
30:
3107:"NVMe Driver Now Available - Haiku Project"
2746:"StarWind SAN & NAS over Fibre Channel"
1888:. Santa Clara, CA USA: Flash Memory Summit.
1867:. Santa Clara, CA USA: Flash Memory Summit.
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1195:Microsoft added native support for NVMe to
1081:on 3 March 2011, which was merged into the
4523:
4509:
4501:
4121:
3948:
3934:
3926:
2025:. The Inquirer. 2012-08-21. Archived from
1876:
1874:
1838:. The Inquirer. 2008-04-16. Archived from
1789:. The Inquirer. 2007-10-13. Archived from
1472:. 2015. pp. 18, 20–22. Archived from
1309:NVM-Express user space tooling for Linux.
1077:Intel published an NVM Express driver for
1020:gained support for NVMe on April 18, 2019.
180:components such as motherboards and CPUs.
41:
29:
3355:
3345:
3131:"4053 Add NVME Driver Support to Illumos"
2371:
2330:
2320:
1463:"Intel Solid-State Drive DC P3600 Series"
1230:Support for NVMe ZNS and KV was added in
993:Intel sponsored a NVM Express driver for
3675:"Recommended AHCI/RAID and NVMe Drivers"
2428:
2426:
822:
482:NVMe drives are commercially available.
4280:List of solid-state drive manufacturers
2873:. section 1.4 Theory of Operation, p. 7
2571:"NVM Express over Fabrics Revision 1.0"
1993:Amber Huffman, ed. (January 23, 2013).
1928:Amber Huffman, ed. (October 11, 2012).
1351:
824:High-level comparison of AHCI and NVMe
435:Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group
195:were developed for use with far slower
134:) is an open, logical-device interface
1177:Intel has provided an NVMe driver for
1153:Arca Noae provides an NVMe driver for
813:processing, the number of uncacheable
706:5.x, native support for TCP was added.
382:High-end SSDs had been made using the
4095:Flash Forward (joint venture between
3910:Multipathing PCI Express Storage
1626:"NVM Express Base Specification 2.0d"
1357:
1355:
589:), uses a M.2 NVMe solid-state drive
7:
3906:, April 19, 2013, by Jonathan Corbet
3555:"Intel Solid-State for NVMe Drivers"
3043:"FreeBSD 10.2-RELEASE Release Notes"
2604:"NVMe Over Fabrics Support in Linux"
2602:Hellwig, Christoph (July 17, 2016).
1635:. NVM Express, Inc. January 11, 2024
99:NVM Express Work Group (before 2014)
3767:"Nvmewin - Revision 157: /Releases"
2521:. September 2, 2014. Archived from
1559:"SATA Express: PCIe Client Storage"
4296:Advanced Host Controller Interface
3922:, August 2020, by Jerome Tissieres
3604:"VSAN Now Supporting NVMe Devices"
2620:Petros Koutoupis (June 10, 2019).
2295:Kim, Kyusik; Kim, Taeseok (2020).
2238:"NVM Express Organization History"
2156:Jane McEntegart (7 January 2014).
1372:. NVM Express, Inc. August 5, 2024
775:Advanced Host Controller Interface
749:distributions & public clouds.
25:
3843:. The FreeBSD Project. 2018-03-12
3181:Chester, Brandon (May 16, 2016).
3154:Ho, Joshua (September 28, 2015).
2648:"Announcing the SPDK NVMf Target"
2587:Woolf, David (February 9, 2018).
2460:"FC-NVMe rev 1.14 (T11/16-020vB)"
1787:"Speeding up Flash... in a flash"
1223:, the maximum HMB size is 64 MB.
983:with NVMe support is version 4.6.
862:Up to six per non-queued command;
715:NVMe-oF initiator and target for
687:, NVMe over InfiniBand or NVMe/IB
5254:
5253:
4483:
4482:
3916:, March 12, 2015, by Keith Busch
2940:Akers, Jason B. (Jan 22, 2015).
2576:. NVM Express, Inc. 5 June 2016.
909:two serialized host DRAM fetches
398:devices are built to follow the
327:
316:
3017:"Log of /stable/9/sys/dev/nvme"
2862:Amber Huffman (March 9, 2020).
2646:Stern, Jonathan (7 June 2016).
2270:Tallis, Billy (June 14, 2018).
1655:"A Comparison of NVMe and AHCI"
1414:Tallis, Billy (June 14, 2019).
1268:An open source NVMe driver for
852:Up to 65536 commands per queue
450:by seven companies was formed.
164:(SSDs), PCIe add-in cards, and
142:media usually attached via the
1957:David A. Deming (2013-06-08).
1557:Paul Wassenberg (2013-06-25).
97:NVM Express, Inc. (since 2014)
1:
4848:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
3841:"NVM Express control utility"
3677:. 10 May 2013. Archived from
3202:Matthew Wilcox (2011-03-03).
2894:"Linux Storage Stack Diagram"
1860:Amber Huffman (August 2008).
1067:that also use NVMe over PCIe.
892:Requires synchronization lock
864:Up to nine per queued command
857:Uncacheable register accesses
562:U.3 (SFF-8639 or SFF-TA-1001)
351:Historically, most SSDs used
5283:Solid-state computer storage
4826:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
4816:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
4429:
3515:. Arca Noae, LLC. 2021-04-03
3347:10.1371/journal.pone.0229645
3083:"#9910 NVMe devices support"
2322:10.1371/journal.pone.0229645
2104:. 2013-11-18. Archived from
2075:. 2013-07-18. Archived from
2050:. The SSD Review. 2012-08-24
1836:"Flash new standard tips up"
1529:Dave Landsman (2013-08-09).
1272:is available on SourceForge.
627:) is the concept of using a
455:Integrated Device Technology
5288:Computer hardware standards
3711:lorihollasch (2023-08-09).
3483:David Gwynne (2016-04-14).
3458:David Gwynne (2014-04-16).
2991:"Log of /head/sys/dev/nvme"
1995:"NVM Express Revision 1.0e"
1734:"Using LC's Sierra Systems"
847:Up to 32 commands per queue
583:Next Generation Form Factor
581:M.2, formerly known as the
138:for accessing a computer's
71:; 13 years ago
5304:
4811:Compute Express Link (CXL)
3232:Keith Busch (2013-08-12).
1930:"NVM Express Revision 1.1"
1497:Paul Alcorn (2015-06-05).
1065:first-generation iPhone SE
907:Command parameters require
797:than like spinning media.
635:either directly or over a
608:
574:
547:
5247:
5048:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
4963:logical device interface)
4478:
3320:Kim, K.; Kim, T. (2020).
1664:. SATA-IO. Archived from
1437:Drew Riley (2014-08-13).
930:Host Memory Buffer (HMB)
479:Consumer Electronics Show
40:
35:
3895:CompactFlash Association
3864:. linux-nvme. 2019-03-26
1043:With the release of the
943:Operating system support
621:NVM Express over Fabrics
168:cards, the successor to
3996:Flash memory controller
3656:. Microsoft. 2014-11-13
2489:"NVMe-oF Specification"
1705:"NVM Express Explained"
1339:Universal Flash Storage
1232:Windows 10 version 21H2
1181:, which is included in
912:Gets command parameters
904:for 4 KB commands
554:U.2, formerly known as
5278:Computer storage buses
4610:List of bus bandwidths
4420:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8
3817:"Download EDK II from"
3270:. 2013. Archived from
3183:"The iPhone SE Review"
2396:"NVMe Gets Refactored"
1881:Peter Onufryk (2013).
1758:"SummitDev User Guide"
1289:
1209:Windows Server 2008 R2
1201:Windows Server 2012 R2
956:
867:Up to two per command
809:depths, efficiency of
597:or higher (up to four
345:(front and rear views)
156:, which is often NAND
4408:Related organizations
3737:"Windows NVM Express"
3241:flashmemorysummit.com
3045:. The FreeBSD Project
3023:. The FreeBSD Project
2997:. The FreeBSD Project
1793:on September 18, 2009
1284:
1256:NVMe is supported by
1203:. Native drivers for
979:The first release of
950:
914:in one 64-byte fetch
889:and multiple threads
431:Intel Developer Forum
390:only need one common
278:1.4b (September 2020)
5053:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
4791:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
4337:Universal Serial Bus
4331:Serial attached SCSI
3204:"NVM Express driver"
2826:Andy Herron (2013).
1959:"PCIe-based Storage"
1240:OpenFabrics Alliance
842:Maximum queue depth
769:Comparison with AHCI
700:initiator and target
419:Sierra Supercomputer
415:Summit Supercomputer
411:Fugaku Supercomputer
339:PCI Express 3.0
241:1.2 (November 2014)
140:non-volatile storage
4894:Parallel ATA (PATA)
4065:Flash manufacturers
4056:Write amplification
4041:Solid-state storage
3717:learn.microsoft.com
3681:on 24 February 2021
3464:BSD Cross Reference
3438:NetBSD manual pages
3338:2020PLoSO..1529645K
3234:"Linux NVMe Driver"
3021:FreeBSD source tree
2995:FreeBSD source tree
2373:10.3390/app10124341
2313:2020PLoSO..1529645K
2248:on 23 November 2015
1842:on January 11, 2014
1671:on 12 February 2019
1593:NVMe Specifications
922:Usually half-duplex
859:(2000 cycles each)
850:Up to 65535 queues;
825:
745:target for various
518:write amplification
493:, which uses NVMe.
298:2.0d (January 2024)
295:2.0c (October 2022)
292:2.0b (January 2022)
258:1.3a (October 2017)
244:1.2a (October 2015)
235:1.0e (January 2013)
153:non-volatile memory
32:
4801:PCI Express (PCIe)
4230:Greenliant Systems
4001:Garbage collection
3957:Solid-state drives
2921:. 24 February 2015
2776:Blocks & Files
2700:. February 1, 2020
2671:. February 1, 2021
2545:"What is NVMe-oF?"
2029:on August 24, 2012
1693:. 6 December 2013.
1393:. NVM Express, Inc
1290:
957:
919:Data transmission
894:to issue a command
875:A single interrupt
845:One command queue;
823:
781:connected via the
723:, supporting both
679:converged Ethernet
629:transport protocol
498:Host Memory Buffer
369:personal computers
162:solid-state drives
5265:
5264:
5251:
4978:Apple Desktop Bus
4955:PCI Express (via
4914:Serial ATA (SATA)
4600:Network on a chip
4498:
4497:
4430:NVMHCI Work Group
4273:SSD manufacturers
4268:
4267:
4026:Over-provisioning
3981:Flash file system
2896:. Thomas-Krenn.AG
2726:. October 6, 2021
2440:. January 1, 2018
2102:StorageReview.com
2073:StorageReview.com
1334:Solid-state drive
940:
939:
721:Microsoft Windows
532:AIC (add-in card)
388:operating systems
303:2.1 (August 2024)
275:1.4a (March 2020)
267:1.3d (March 2019)
250:1.2.1 (June 2016)
146:bus. The initial
117:
116:
16:(Redirected from
5295:
5257:
5256:
5249:
4711:HP Precision Bus
4525:
4518:
4511:
4502:
4486:
4485:
4354:HDD form factors
4122:
4021:Open-channel SSD
3950:
3943:
3936:
3927:
3914:Linux Foundation
3891:
3890:
3888:Official website
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
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3828:
3827:
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3807:
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3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3769:. Archived from
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3747:on June 12, 2013
3743:. Archived from
3741:Project web site
3733:
3727:
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3489:OpenBSD man page
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3268:activeevents.com
3265:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3210:. Archived from
3199:
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3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
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3120:
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3117:
3111:www.haiku-os.org
3103:
3097:
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3087:dev.haiku-os.org
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2850:
2849:
2843:
2837:. Archived from
2832:
2823:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2804:. April 29, 2021
2794:
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2532:
2530:
2525:on March 9, 2016
2511:
2505:
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2500:
2485:
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2476:
2474:
2469:. April 19, 2017
2464:
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2375:
2360:Applied Sciences
2351:
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2334:
2324:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2244:. Archived from
2234:
2228:
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2209:
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2202:
2200:
2198:
2189:. Archived from
2179:
2173:
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2170:
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2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2133:. Archived from
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2094:
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2035:
2034:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1968:. Archived from
1963:
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1773:
1764:. Archived from
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1568:. Archived from
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1422:. Archived from
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1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1359:
1300:
1287:
1277:Management tools
1248:Software support
955:'s storage stack
826:
787:host bus adapter
520:of flash media.
510:Zoned Namespaces
463:enterprise drive
396:USB mass storage
373:hard disk drives
331:
320:
289:2.0a (July 2021)
281:1.4c (June 2021)
272:1.4 (June 2019)
247:1.2b (June 2016)
238:1.1b (July 2014)
197:hard disk drives
113:
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79:
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5043:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
4966:
4862:
4841:Infinity Fabric
4671:Europe Card Bus
4614:
4548:
4529:
4499:
4494:
4474:
4403:
4342:
4284:
4264:
4218:
4172:(bought by OCZ)
4132:Western Digital
4111:
4097:Western Digital
4060:
3964:Key terminology
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3954:
3886:
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3846:
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3825:
3823:
3821:SourceForge.net
3815:
3814:
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3798:
3792:"ChangeLog/1.6"
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3414:. 11 April 2015
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3332:(3): e0229645.
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2752:. July 20, 2022
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2551:. June 27, 2020
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2495:. 15 April 2020
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2398:. 30 June 2021.
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2307:(3): e0229645.
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2187:hothardware.com
2181:
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2140:
2138:
2137:on 5 March 2016
2131:hothardware.com
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1653:Walker, Don H.
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1533:
1528:
1527:
1516:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1480:
1479:on Oct 28, 2015
1476:
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1360:
1353:
1348:
1315:
1307:
1298:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1250:
1225:Windows 11 24H2
1221:Windows 11 23H2
1217:Windows 10 1607
945:
913:
908:
903:
893:
888:
863:
858:
851:
846:
771:
618:
613:
607:
595:PCI Express 3.0
579:
573:
564:
552:
546:
534:
526:
427:
349:
348:
347:
346:
334:
333:
332:
323:
322:
321:
310:
286:2.0 (May 2021)
264:1.3c (May 2018)
261:1.3b (May 2018)
255:1.3 (May 2017)
229:
208:expansion cards
107:
98:
88:
75:
73:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5301:
5299:
5291:
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5285:
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5270:
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5216:
5210:
5208:
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5195:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:Intel HD Audio
5149:
5144:
5142:ADAT Lightpipe
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
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4864:
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4855:
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4836:HyperTransport
4833:
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4808:
4803:
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4773:
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4628:
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4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4590:Bus contention
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4565:Front-side bus
4562:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4546:computer buses
4530:
4528:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4505:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4479:
4476:
4475:
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4409:
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4396:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4374:
4372:expansion card
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4347:Configurations
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4292:
4290:
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4023:
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4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
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3983:
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3973:
3967:
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3961:
3960:
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3953:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3917:
3907:
3897:
3892:
3881:
3880:External links
3878:
3875:
3874:
3853:
3832:
3808:
3783:
3758:
3728:
3703:
3692:
3666:
3645:
3620:
3595:
3571:
3546:
3525:
3513:Arca Noae wiki
3500:
3475:
3450:
3425:
3399:
3385:
3371:
3312:
3287:
3252:
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3194:
3173:
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3098:
3074:
3056:
3034:
3008:
2982:
2958:
2932:
2906:
2884:
2854:
2815:
2802:ComputerWeekly
2789:
2778:. June 9, 2022
2763:
2737:
2711:
2682:
2653:
2638:
2612:
2594:
2579:
2562:
2549:Storage Review
2536:
2506:
2480:
2451:
2422:
2401:
2387:
2346:
2287:
2259:
2229:
2204:
2193:on 28 May 2016
2174:
2162:Tom's Hardware
2148:
2118:
2089:
2060:
2039:
2014:
1985:
1949:
1920:
1909:. June 1, 2011
1891:
1870:
1852:
1827:
1824:on 2017-06-17.
1803:
1778:
1749:
1725:
1714:. 9 April 2014
1712:nvmexpress.org
1696:
1682:
1645:
1633:nvmexpress.org
1617:
1596:
1585:
1549:
1514:
1503:Tom's Hardware
1489:
1454:
1443:Tom's Hardware
1429:
1426:on 2021-01-27.
1406:
1382:
1370:nvmexpress.org
1350:
1349:
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927:
926:
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899:
898:
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890:
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883:
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873:
869:
868:
865:
860:
854:
853:
848:
843:
839:
838:
835:
830:
791:magnetic media
770:
767:
766:
765:
750:
739:Lightbits Labs
736:
710:
707:
698:Linux NVMe-oF
689:
688:
682:
664:
658:
617:
614:
609:Main article:
606:
603:
575:Main article:
572:
569:
563:
560:
548:Main article:
545:
544:U.2 (SFF-8639)
542:
533:
530:
525:
522:
447:scatter-gather
426:
423:
343:expansion card
336:
335:
326:
325:
324:
315:
314:
313:
312:
311:
309:
306:
305:
304:
301:
300:
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296:
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284:
283:
282:
279:
276:
270:
269:
268:
265:
262:
259:
253:
252:
251:
248:
245:
239:
236:
228:
227:Specifications
225:
115:
114:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
89:August 5, 2024
85:
84:Latest version
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5300:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5260:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5214:Multidrop bus
5212:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:External PCIe
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5101:Parallel SCSI
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4993:Commodore bus
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Fibre Channel
4939:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
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4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
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4689:
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4682:
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4677:
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4657:
4654:
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4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:Plug and play
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Bus mastering
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Back-side bus
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4491:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:SFF Committee
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4302:Fibre Channel
4300:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:Wear leveling
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3951:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3773:on 2017-05-10
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3751:September 18,
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3718:
3714:
3707:
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3701:
3696:
3693:
3680:
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3667:
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3630:
3624:
3621:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3413:
3412:macrumors.com
3409:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3313:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3277:on 2014-01-11
3273:
3269:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3214:on 2012-07-17
3213:
3209:
3205:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3174:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3009:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2972:
2971:DragonFly BSD
2968:
2962:
2959:
2947:
2946:Git at Google
2943:
2936:
2933:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2872:
2871:Specification
2865:
2858:
2855:
2844:on 2014-01-10
2840:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2751:
2750:StorageReview
2747:
2741:
2738:
2725:
2724:StorageReview
2721:
2715:
2712:
2699:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2642:
2639:
2627:
2626:Linux Journal
2623:
2616:
2613:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2580:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2388:
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2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2205:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2108:on 2014-01-11
2107:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2079:on 2014-01-10
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2007:September 18,
2003:
2002:Specification
1996:
1989:
1986:
1975:on 2013-09-20
1971:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1942:September 18,
1938:
1937:Specification
1931:
1924:
1921:
1913:September 18,
1908:
1907:Press release
1901:
1895:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
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1813:
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1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1768:on 2020-08-06
1767:
1763:
1762:olcf.ornl.gov
1759:
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1589:
1586:
1575:on 2013-10-04
1571:
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1444:
1440:
1433:
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1417:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1392:
1391:"NVM Express"
1386:
1383:
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1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:in 2021. The
1237:
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1001:
1000:
996:
992:
990:
987:
986:
982:
981:DragonFly BSD
978:
976:
975:DragonFly BSD
973:
972:
968:
964:
962:
959:
958:
954:
949:
942:
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844:
841:
840:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
821:
818:
816:
812:
808:
807:command queue
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
763:
762:Fibre Channel
759:
755:
751:
748:
744:
740:
737:
734:
733:Fibre Channel
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
705:
701:
697:
696:
695:
692:
686:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
651:
648:
646:
642:
641:Fibre Channel
638:
634:
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626:
622:
615:
612:
604:
602:
600:
596:
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588:
584:
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570:
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397:
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392:device driver
389:
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365:Fibre Channel
362:
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137:
136:specification
133:
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96:
92:
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82:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
4960:
4746:TURBOchannel
4536:
4487:
4320:SATA Express
4307:
4046:Trim command
4036:Secure erase
4031:Read disturb
3986:Flash memory
3866:. Retrieved
3856:
3845:. Retrieved
3835:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:
3811:
3799:. Retrieved
3795:
3786:
3775:. Retrieved
3771:the original
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3745:the original
3740:
3731:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3695:
3683:. Retrieved
3679:the original
3669:
3658:. Retrieved
3648:
3637:. Retrieved
3635:. 2013-09-06
3632:
3623:
3612:. Retrieved
3610:. 2015-11-11
3607:
3598:
3587:. Retrieved
3583:
3574:
3563:. Retrieved
3561:. 2015-09-25
3558:
3549:
3538:. Retrieved
3528:
3517:. Retrieved
3512:
3503:
3492:. Retrieved
3488:
3485:"man 4 nvme"
3478:
3467:. Retrieved
3463:
3453:
3442:. Retrieved
3440:. 2021-05-16
3437:
3428:
3416:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3388:
3374:
3329:
3325:
3315:
3304:. Retrieved
3302:. 2012-01-18
3299:
3290:
3279:. Retrieved
3272:the original
3267:
3255:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:
3227:
3216:. Retrieved
3212:the original
3197:
3186:
3176:
3165:. Retrieved
3159:
3149:
3138:. Retrieved
3134:
3125:
3114:. Retrieved
3110:
3101:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3020:
3011:
2999:. Retrieved
2994:
2985:
2974:. Retrieved
2970:
2961:
2949:. Retrieved
2945:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2918:
2909:
2898:. Retrieved
2887:
2875:. Retrieved
2870:
2857:
2846:. Retrieved
2839:the original
2834:
2806:. Retrieved
2801:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2775:
2766:
2754:. Retrieved
2749:
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2723:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2697:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2668:
2656:
2641:
2629:. Retrieved
2625:
2615:
2597:
2582:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2548:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2523:the original
2518:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2466:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2437:
2414:. Retrieved
2412:. Supermicro
2404:
2390:
2366:(12): 4341.
2363:
2359:
2349:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2275:
2250:. Retrieved
2246:the original
2241:
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2216:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2186:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:
2151:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:the original
2130:
2121:
2110:. Retrieved
2106:the original
2101:
2092:
2081:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2072:
2063:
2052:. Retrieved
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2001:
1988:
1977:. Retrieved
1970:the original
1965:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1923:
1911:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:the original
1830:
1819:the original
1806:
1795:. Retrieved
1791:the original
1781:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1761:
1752:
1741:. Retrieved
1738:hpc.llnl.gov
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1699:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1662:31 July 2012
1661:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1632:
1620:
1609:. Retrieved
1599:
1588:
1577:. Retrieved
1570:the original
1552:
1541:. Retrieved
1506:. Retrieved
1492:
1481:. Retrieved
1474:the original
1457:
1446:. Retrieved
1442:
1432:
1424:the original
1419:
1409:
1401:
1395:. Retrieved
1385:
1374:. Retrieved
1369:
1329:SATA Express
1308:
1296:
1083:Linux kernel
953:Linux kernel
925:Full-duplex
819:
799:
772:
704:Linux kernel
693:
690:
649:
624:
620:
619:
591:computer bus
586:
582:
580:
565:
555:
553:
535:
527:
524:Form factors
513:
509:
497:
495:
488:
484:
452:
439:
428:
407:burst buffer
404:
381:
350:
230:
216:SATA Express
205:
182:
178:
158:flash memory
151:
147:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:
94:Organization
66:Year started
50:Abbreviation
5219:CoreConnect
5198:ExpressCard
5126:Thunderbolt
5116:Camera Link
4899:Bus and Tag
4585:Address bus
4580:Control bus
4575:Daisy chain
4377:Thunderbolt
4369:PCI Express
4314:PCI Express
4308:NVM Express
4223:Independent
4117:Controllers
4016:Memory wear
3685:19 February
2967:"release46"
2919:NVM Express
2438:Tech Target
2252:23 December
2242:NVM Express
1324:PCI Express
1299:nvmecontrol
1293:nvmecontrol
1197:Windows 8.1
1106:MacBook Pro
897:No locking
887:Parallelism
882:interrupts
878:Up to 2048
802:parallelism
783:PCI Express
735:transports.
637:PCIe switch
384:PCI Express
185:parallelism
150:stands for
144:PCI Express
120:NVM Express
31:NVM Express
5272:Categories
5072:ACCESS.bus
4971:Peripheral
4771:InfiniBand
4766:HP GSC bus
4560:System bus
4382:USB Type-C
4325:Serial ATA
4289:Interfaces
4255:PMC-Sierra
3971:Encryption
3868:2019-03-27
3847:2019-07-12
3826:2014-01-11
3777:2016-08-13
3722:2024-04-11
3660:2014-11-17
3639:2014-01-11
3614:2016-03-17
3608:vmware.com
3589:2016-03-17
3584:vmware.com
3565:2016-03-17
3540:2014-12-02
3534:"nvme(7D)"
3519:2021-06-08
3494:2016-08-07
3469:2014-04-27
3444:2021-05-16
3306:2013-11-05
3300:kernel.org
3281:2014-01-11
3246:2013-11-05
3218:2013-11-05
3167:2016-06-01
3140:2016-05-23
3135:github.com
3116:2016-07-28
3092:2019-04-18
3069:genode.org
3001:16 October
2976:2016-09-08
2900:2015-06-08
2848:2014-01-11
2730:October 6,
2519:Infiniband
2493:NVMexpress
2416:2022-07-22
2281:2024-03-30
2112:2014-01-11
2083:2014-01-11
2054:2014-01-11
2033:2014-01-11
1979:2014-01-12
1846:2014-01-11
1797:2014-01-11
1772:2020-06-25
1743:2020-06-25
1639:2024-03-26
1611:2024-03-31
1579:2014-11-21
1543:2013-10-02
1508:2015-06-09
1483:2015-04-11
1448:2014-11-21
1397:2017-01-24
1376:2024-08-10
1346:References
1236:Windows 11
902:Efficiency
872:Interrupt
741:NVMe over
685:InfiniBand
663:, NVMe/TCP
512:(ZNS) and
461:'s XS1715
377:throughput
308:Background
109:nvmexpress
5033:Lightning
4983:Atari SIO
4858:SpaceWire
4691:Zorro III
4631:S-100 bus
4626:SS-50 bus
4619:Standards
4539:standards
4532:Technical
4193:SandForce
4142:Fusion-io
3559:intel.com
3188:AnandTech
3161:AnandTech
2808:April 29,
2382:2076-3417
2276:AnandTech
1420:AnandTech
1205:Windows 7
1045:iPhone 6S
811:interrupt
657:, FC-NVMe
514:Key-Value
491:CFexpress
467:SandForce
379:of SATA.
201:seek time
61:Published
5259:Category
5234:Wishbone
5207:Embedded
5186:Portable
5106:Profibus
5038:DMX512-A
4924:Parallel
4776:Ethernet
4686:Zorro II
4636:Multibus
4537:de facto
4489:Category
4460:T10/SCSI
4240:Maxiotek
4200:SK Hynix
4170:Indilinx
4082:SK Hynix
3801:21 March
3796:qemu.org
3633:Myce.com
3536:. Oracle
3418:11 April
3366:32119705
3326:PLOS ONE
3049:5 August
2951:21 March
2925:21 March
2835:snia.org
2756:July 20,
2341:32119705
2301:PLOS ONE
2222:21 March
2197:21 March
2167:21 March
2141:21 March
1966:snia.org
1718:21 March
1313:See also
1305:nvme-cli
1288:on Linux
1286:nvme-cli
1098:Yosemite
1061:iPad Pro
967:ChromeOS
961:ChromeOS
815:register
713:StarWind
667:Ethernet
633:PCIe bus
556:SFF-8639
475:prosumer
355:such as
218:and the
5239:SLIMbus
5193:PC Card
5177:TOSLINK
4867:Storage
4821:RapidIO
4701:FASTBUS
4656:STD Bus
4553:General
4470:T13/ATA
4440:SATA-IO
4245:Marvell
4204:Bought
4188:Seagate
4183:Samsung
4137:SanDisk
4125:Captive
4086:Bought
4077:Samsung
3991:SLC/MLC
3904:LWN.net
3357:7051071
3334:Bibcode
3208:LWN.net
2877:May 16,
2782:June 9,
2704:May 26,
2675:May 26,
2631:May 26,
2555:May 26,
2529:May 26,
2499:May 26,
2473:May 26,
2444:May 26,
2332:7051071
2309:Bibcode
1566:SATA-IO
1538:SATA-IO
1191:Windows
1183:vSphere
1163:Solaris
1137:USB 2.0
1133:OpenBSD
1127:OpenBSD
1102:MacBook
1049:6S Plus
1031:illumos
1026:illumos
995:FreeBSD
989:FreeBSD
829:
673:v1/v2 (
625:NVMe-oF
616:NVMe-oF
459:Samsung
425:History
421:, etc.
174:latency
132:NVMHCIS
104:Website
74: (
5172:S/PDIF
5063:1-Wire
5028:RS-485
5023:RS-423
5018:RS-422
5013:RS-232
4874:ST-506
4831:NVLink
4681:STEbus
4641:Unibus
4465:T11/FC
4435:USB-IF
4415:INCITS
4327:(SATA)
4316:(PCIe)
4310:(NVMe)
4298:(AHCI)
4250:Phison
4178:Micron
4159:Kioxia
4101:Kioxia
4072:Micron
3509:"NVME"
3364:
3354:
3027:3 July
2467:INCITS
2380:
2339:
2329:
1675:3 July
1179:VMware
1173:VMware
1155:ArcaOS
1119:NetBSD
1114:NetBSD
1003:Genode
760:, and
731:, and
727:&
471:HyperX
58:Status
18:Nvmhci
5167:McASP
5135:Audio
5080:SMBus
5076:PMBus
5058:UNI/O
4998:HP-IL
4951:SATAe
4936:ESCON
4909:HIPPI
4741:NuBus
4696:CAMAC
4666:Q-Bus
4661:SMBus
4646:VAXBI
4543:wired
4399:EDSFF
4359:mSATA
4339:(USB)
4333:(SAS)
4206:Intel
4088:Intel
3275:(PDF)
3264:(PDF)
3237:(PDF)
2867:(PDF)
2842:(PDF)
2831:(PDF)
2694:(PDF)
2665:(PDF)
2607:(PDF)
2574:(PDF)
2463:(PDF)
2217:Intel
1998:(PDF)
1973:(PDF)
1962:(PDF)
1933:(PDF)
1903:(PDF)
1886:(PDF)
1865:(PDF)
1822:(PDF)
1815:(PDF)
1708:(PDF)
1669:(PDF)
1658:(PDF)
1629:(PDF)
1573:(PDF)
1562:(PDF)
1534:(PDF)
1477:(PDF)
1470:Intel
1466:(PDF)
1366:(PDF)
1341:(UFS)
1243:2016.
1092:macOS
1079:Linux
1073:Linux
1053:Apple
1018:Haiku
1013:Haiku
880:MSI-X
837:NVMe
747:Linux
717:Linux
677:over
605:EDSFF
599:lanes
496:NVMe
442:Intel
363:, or
353:buses
170:mSATA
126:) or
5224:AMBA
5162:MADI
5147:AES3
5008:MIDI
4961:NVMe
4957:AHCI
4919:SCSI
4904:DSSI
4879:ESDI
4756:SBus
4716:EISA
4651:MBus
4541:for
4534:and
4455:SSSI
4450:SNIA
4425:ONFI
4304:(FC)
4235:Goke
4214:FADU
4152:sTec
4147:HGST
4107:YMTC
4099:and
4011:MB/s
4006:IOPS
3803:2015
3753:2013
3687:2021
3420:2015
3362:PMID
3051:2015
3029:2013
3003:2012
2953:2015
2927:2015
2879:2020
2810:2021
2784:2022
2758:2022
2732:2021
2706:2021
2698:SPDK
2677:2021
2669:SPDK
2633:2021
2557:2021
2531:2021
2501:2021
2475:2021
2446:2021
2378:ISSN
2337:PMID
2254:2015
2224:2015
2199:2015
2169:2015
2143:2015
2009:2013
1944:2013
1915:2013
1720:2015
1677:2013
1297:The
1270:UEFI
1265:UEFI
1258:QEMU
1253:QEMU
1234:and
1207:and
1199:and
1149:OS/2
1141:AHCI
1139:and
1104:and
1086:5.9.
1063:and
1057:PCIe
1047:and
936:Yes
833:AHCI
779:SSDs
773:The
754:RoCE
725:RoCE
719:and
675:RDMA
671:RoCE
587:NGFF
538:PCIe
502:DRAM
417:and
357:SATA
193:AHCI
124:NVMe
111:.org
76:2011
69:2011
53:NVMe
5228:AXI
5157:I²S
5111:USB
5096:D²B
5091:SPI
5086:I3C
5068:I²C
5003:HIL
4988:DCB
4959:or
4946:SSA
4929:SAS
4889:SMD
4884:IPI
4806:AGP
4796:PXI
4786:PCI
4781:UPA
4761:VLB
4751:MCA
4736:VPX
4731:VXS
4726:VXI
4721:VME
4706:LPC
4676:ISA
4394:U.3
4389:U.2
4364:M.2
4260:SMI
4164:OCZ
3976:ECC
3352:PMC
3342:doi
2368:doi
2327:PMC
2317:doi
1319:M.2
1219:to
1039:iOS
795:RAM
758:TCP
743:TCP
729:TCP
661:TCP
601:).
577:M.2
571:M.2
550:U.2
506:FTL
400:USB
361:SAS
341:×4
220:M.2
212:U.2
189:I/O
166:M.2
148:NVM
87:2.1
5274::
5078:,
5074:,
3912:,
3902:,
3819:.
3794:.
3739:.
3715:.
3631:.
3606:.
3582:.
3557:.
3511:.
3487:.
3462:.
3436:.
3410:.
3360:.
3350:.
3340:.
3330:15
3328:.
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