187:
231:
201:
141:
157:
254:
186:
217:
3036:
125:
171:
2292:
3005:
1810:
230:
2244:
Thomas N. Taylor, Edith L. Taylor, and
Michael Krings. 2008. Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, Second Edition. Academic Press (an imprint of Elsevier): Burlington MA, USA.
3397:
3194:
1604:
3233:
2324:
1811:"Phylogenetic Analysis of Fossil Water Lilies Based on Leaf Architecture and Vegetative Characters: Testing Phylogenetic Hypotheses from Molecular Studies"
1918:
3168:
2372:
2036:
1475:
3207:
1567:"Towards a complete species tree of Nymphaea: shedding further light on subg. Brachyceras and its relationships to the Australian water-lilies"
200:
2249:
2121:
1195:(and 2000 revision) placed the Nymphaeales as the sole order in the superorder Nymphaeanae within subclass Magnoliideae (=dicotyledons).
1126:
did separate the
Cabombaceae from the Nymphaeaceae and placed them in the order Nymphaeales together with the Hydatellaceae. The family
492:
implies that the number of species could be more than 90. The difference in species numbers is due almost entirely to the difficulty of
1621:, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen and Peter R. Crane (15 March 2001). "Fossil evidence of water lilies (Nymphaeales) in the Early Cretaceous".
2279:
1913:
3392:
3354:
2317:
3328:
1130:
was placed among the monocots in previous systems, but a 2007 study found that the family belongs to the
Nymphaeales. In the
541:
of the
Nymphaeales has been estimated to be about 112 million years old. Some have suggested that this age might be too old.
3212:
2296:
3220:
2351:
2199:
Thorne, R. F. (2000). "The classification and geography of the flowering plants: Dicotyledons of the class
Angiospermae".
1976:
2377:
2367:
1541:
Water lily ( Nymphaea thermarum) genome reveals variable genomic signatures of ancient vascular cambium losses | bioRxiv
1520:
3284:
3116:
3103:
1161:
1471:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
1176:, the family Cabombaceae was included within the Nymphaeaceae, but could optionally be recognized separately. As of
253:
2032:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
3387:
3333:
3238:
3039:
2310:
1676:
493:
475:
2261:
140:
1524:
479:
1762:
Friis, Else Marie; Pedersen, Kaj
Raunsgaard; von Balthazar, Maria; Grimm, Guido W.; Crane, Peter R. (May 2009).
2362:
156:
462:
3056:
1927:
3121:
533:
record consists especially of seeds, but also pollen, stems, leaves, and flowers. It extends back to the
3269:
436:
3297:
3382:
3359:
3248:
3142:
1988:
1632:
1234:
1192:
1932:
1540:
1764:"Monetianthus mirus gen. et sp. nov., a Nymphaealean Flower from the Early Cretaceous of Portugal"
1600:
1134:, Hydatellaceae, Cabombaceae and Nymphaeaceae are the three families included in the Nymphaeales.
3341:
3023:
2357:
2216:
2181:
2090:
2073:
Takhtajan, Armen L. (1980). "Outline of the classification of flowering plants (Magnoliophyta)".
2012:
1953:
1887:
1838:
1791:
1744:
1656:
439:
349:
248:
1504:
3274:
3256:
3129:
3017:
2832:
2245:
2117:
2055:
2004:
1945:
1905:
1879:
1830:
1783:
1736:
1712:
1693:
1648:
1571:
432:
3094:
3261:
3199:
3029:
2614:
2443:
2413:
2208:
2173:
2146:
2082:
2045:
1996:
1977:"Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree"
1937:
1909:
1869:
1822:
1775:
1728:
1716:
1685:
1640:
1623:
1618:
1580:
1484:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1220:
1213:
1169:
1157:
1146:
1138:
895:
741:
587:
551:
514:
450:
446:
443:
416:
109:
2917:
2775:
2425:
2388:
2334:
1961:
1858:"Notonuphar antarctica, an extinct water lily (Nymphaeales) from the Eocene of Antarctica"
1227:
1184:
412:
408:
291:
216:
2267:
1992:
1636:
2940:
2897:
2842:
2514:
2438:
2150:
2110:
1763:
1503:
Xiong, X., Zhang, J., Yang, Y., Chen, Y., Su, Q., Zhao, Y., ... & Chen, F. (2023).
1206:
1177:
1123:
618:
471:
465:
278:
131:
2302:
1674:
Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009). "Angiosperm diversification through time".
1153:, the new order was retained alongside the Nymphaeales in the superorder Nymphaeanae.
3376:
2819:
2780:
2712:
2630:
2490:
2338:
1748:
1660:
1489:
1470:
1441:
1244:
1173:
1165:
1142:
1131:
1127:
1107:
1097:
1000:
946:
802:
717:
685:
627:
511:
420:
335:
73:
2220:
2185:
2094:
1957:
1891:
1842:
1795:
3346:
3134:
2887:
2742:
2722:
2672:
2604:
2572:
2567:
2520:
2016:
1382:
1348:
1343:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1150:
1115:
846:
702:
558:
546:
483:
428:
340:
124:
3108:
2273:
170:
3225:
3181:
3088:
2955:
2950:
2879:
2795:
2717:
2659:
2648:
2549:
2538:
2508:
2480:
1298:
1293:
1277:
1261:
1256:
1119:
831:
660:
577:
572:
538:
424:
330:
48:
2291:
1856:
Friis, Else M.; Iglesias, Ari; Reguero, Marcelo A.; Mörs, Thomas (2017-08-01).
3320:
3004:
2935:
2912:
2837:
2790:
2785:
2765:
2727:
2643:
2526:
2465:
2457:
2164:
Thorne, R. F. (1992). "Classification and geography of the flowering plants".
2137:
Dahlgren, R.M.T. (1980). "A revised system of classification of angiosperms".
1874:
1857:
1565:
Borsch, Thomas; Löhne, Cornelia; Samba Mbaye, Mame; Wiersema, John H. (2011).
1111:
931:
622:
603:
593:
534:
93:
58:
2059:
1883:
1834:
1787:
1137:
Some earlier systems, such as
Cronquist's system of 1981, often included the
647:
The
Nymphaeales currently include three families and about 70 to 90 species.
3155:
2965:
2945:
2902:
2892:
2609:
2470:
2401:
1941:
1585:
1566:
1188:
769:
692:
563:
98:
42:
3310:
3079:
2008:
1949:
1740:
1697:
1652:
2285:
3305:
3073:
2960:
2869:
2864:
2852:
2800:
2770:
2694:
2591:
2557:
2532:
2475:
1826:
1016:
977:
733:
709:
667:
632:
554:
488:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
17:
2000:
1732:
1689:
1191:
in superorder
Nymphaeanae, within subclass Magnoliideae (dicotyledons).
2927:
2907:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2619:
2212:
2177:
2086:
1719:(2010). "The age and diversification of the angiosperms re-revisited".
675:
508:
504:
316:
312:
306:
103:
78:
2050:
2031:
3186:
2970:
2704:
2682:
2562:
2502:
1644:
725:
614:
609:
598:
582:
568:
530:
458:
3050:
1172:
and split the family
Barclayaceae from the Nymphaeaceae. Under the
3173:
1779:
3292:
3160:
636:
454:
265:
482:
recognizes about 70 species in 11 genera within the order, but a
518:
3054:
2306:
3147:
449:
unite the Nymphaeales. One of the traits is the absence of a
1114:
of 1998), which instead had a broadly circumscribed family
2112:
An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants
1809:
Taylor, David Winship; Gee, Carole T. (1 October 2014).
1197:
3063:
2926:
2878:
2851:
2817:
2756:
2703:
2681:
2657:
2628:
2589:
2548:
2489:
2456:
2423:
2386:
1100:within the flowering plants, as of APG III (2009).
2109:
1815:Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History
1505:"Water lily research: Past, present, and future."
1200:Comparison of the Nymphaeales across five systems
431:(water lilies). It is one of the three orders of
1326:subf. Barclayoideae, Euryaloideae, Nymphaeoideae
1605:University of California Museum of Paleontology
607:, thought to be a close relative of the modern
1180:, the two families are recognized separately.
1110:2003 plant classification (unchanged from the
2318:
8:
3051:
2857:
2825:
2687:
2665:
2636:
2597:
2495:
2453:
2431:
2394:
2325:
2311:
2303:
1919:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1205:
31:
3398:Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances
2049:
1931:
1873:
1584:
1488:
2139:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2037:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1476:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1248:
2116:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1914:"The Year in Evolutionary Biology 2008"
1768:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1515:
1513:
1458:
1168:. In addition, Cronquist included the
362:
1464:
1462:
1096:The classification of Nymphaeales and
1551:The Plant List (website). 2010. (See
639:possibly also belongs to this group.
7:
3334:eb3fa219-fa7f-490f-9908-efb01a57adb2
3298:306C1BCC-F17F-137D-C7DB-6832211A13E5
3249:db1ac6b2-52f9-4ef8-b94f-674f865fa69e
1975:Saarela, J. M.; et al. (2007).
453:, which is required to produce both
2030:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
1469:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
1160:placed the Nymphaeales in subclass
992:
970:
924:
917:
910:
888:
824:
817:
795:
785:
761:
753:
2151:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x
1145:in the Nymphaeales. Although, the
25:
575:genera are also known, including
442:of flowering plants. At least 10
373:Hydatellales Reveal & Doweld
3035:
3034:
3003:
2290:
2241:. Elsevier Academic Press. 2006.
1519:Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards.
1490:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
1187:placed the Nymphaeales with the
252:
229:
215:
199:
185:
169:
155:
139:
123:
1862:Plant Systematics and Evolution
1250:among monocots, as Hydatellales
1106:This order was not part of the
544:A basal member of Nymphaeales,
461:, which therefore are missing.
1:
1122:) unplaced in any order. The
649:
631:from the Early Cretaceous of
567:from the Early Cretaceous of
2268:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1601:"Nymphaeales: Fossil Record"
1521:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1507:Tropical Plants, 2(1), 1-8.
625:. The aquatic plant fossil
3414:
2108:Cronquist, Arthur (1981).
1721:American Journal of Botany
1677:American Journal of Botany
521:and large, showy flowers.
476:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3012:
3001:
2860:
2828:
2690:
2668:
2639:
2600:
2498:
2452:
2434:
2397:
2346:
2286:Missouri Botanical Garden
1875:10.1007/s00606-017-1422-y
1525:Missouri Botanical Garden
1429:
1347:
1342:
1320:
1315:
1095:
1014:
997:
990:
975:
968:
944:
929:
922:
915:
908:
893:
886:
844:
829:
822:
815:
800:
793:
783:
766:
759:
571:. Several Cretaceous-age
557:. A fossil member of the
480:Missouri Botanical Garden
391:Hydropeltopsida Bartling
355:
348:
328:
323:
249:Scientific classification
247:
117:
34:
27:Order of flowering plants
1412:sister to eudicot clade
394:Nymphaeopsida Horaninow
376:Hydropeltidales Spenner
3393:Early Cretaceous plants
1942:10.1196/annals.1438.005
1586:10.7751/telopea20116014
713:(three or four species)
419:of aquatic plants, the
388:Nymphaeidae Takhtajan
1149:of 1980 separated the
415:, consisting of three
3270:Paleobiology Database
617:-aged sediments from
496:species in the genus
2237:Michael G. Simpson.
2075:The Botanical Review
1908:; Bell, CD; Kim, S;
1827:10.3374/014.055.0208
1235:Thorne system (1992)
1193:Thorne's 1992 system
385:Hydatellidae Doweld
382:Nymphaeanae Reveal
379:Hydatellanae Reveal
370:Euryalales H. L. Li
367:Cabombales Richard
2274:botanical databases
2001:10.1038/nature05612
1993:2007Natur.446..312S
1733:10.3732/ajb.0900346
1690:10.3732/ajb.0800060
1637:2001Natur.410..357F
1202:
601:. The fossil genus
486:study of the genus
364:Barclayales Doweld
163:Barclaya longifolia
2213:10.1007/BF02869011
2178:10.1007/BF02858611
2087:10.1007/BF02861558
1713:Soltis, Douglas E.
1711:Bell, Charles D.;
1198:
223:Brasenia schreberi
207:Victoria boliviana
147:Trithuria submersa
3388:Angiosperm orders
3370:
3369:
3257:Open Tree of Life
3057:Taxon identifiers
3048:
3047:
3018:Basal angiosperms
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2833:Berberidopsidales
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2250:978-0-12-373972-8
2239:Plant Systematics
2123:978-0-231-03880-5
2051:10.1111/boj.12385
1717:Soltis, Pamela S.
1631:(6826): 357–360.
1450:
1449:
1104:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1026:
957:
956:
875:
874:
866:
865:
857:
856:
591:from Brazil, and
474:, created by the
433:basal angiosperms
401:
400:
319:
16:(Redirected from
3405:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3314:
3313:
3301:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3278:
3277:
3265:
3264:
3252:
3251:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3228:
3226:NHMSYS0000066451
3216:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3112:
3111:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3052:
3038:
3037:
3007:
2858:
2826:
2688:
2666:
2637:
2598:
2496:
2454:
2432:
2414:Austrobaileyales
2395:
2373:Acrogymnospermae
2335:flowering plants
2327:
2320:
2313:
2304:
2295:Data related to
2294:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2225:
2224:
2201:Botanical Review
2196:
2190:
2189:
2166:Botanical Review
2161:
2155:
2154:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2115:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2027:
2021:
2020:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1960:. Archived from
1935:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1877:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1774:(8): 1086–1101.
1759:
1753:
1752:
1727:(8): 1296–1303.
1708:
1702:
1701:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1645:10.1038/35066557
1619:Else Marie Friis
1615:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1579:(1–2): 193–217.
1562:
1556:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1517:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1466:
1438:in Nelumbonales
1430:in Ranunculanae
1426:Ceratophyllaceae
1421:Ceratophyllaceae
1416:Ceratophyllaceae
1221:Cronquist system
1214:Takhtajan system
1203:
1170:Ceratophyllaceae
1158:Cronquist system
1147:Takhtajan system
1139:Ceratophyllaceae
993:
971:
925:
918:
911:
896:Austrobaileyales
889:
825:
818:
796:
786:
762:
754:
650:
613:, is known from
588:Pluricarpellatia
552:Early Cretaceous
550:, is known from
468:are also known.
451:vascular cambium
413:flowering plants
333:Rich. ex A.Rich.
305:
257:
256:
237:Cabomba aquatica
233:
219:
203:
189:
173:
159:
143:
127:
110:Early Cretaceous
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3260:
3255:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3219:
3211:
3206:
3198:
3193:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3059:
3049:
3044:
3008:
2975:
2922:
2874:
2847:
2822:
2805:
2776:Crossosomatales
2752:
2699:
2677:
2662:
2653:
2633:
2624:
2615:Trochodendrales
2594:
2577:
2544:
2485:
2448:
2444:Ceratophyllales
2428:
2419:
2391:
2382:
2363:Marchantiophyta
2342:
2331:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2234:
2232:Further reading
2229:
2228:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2029:
2028:
2024:
1987:(7133): 312–5.
1974:
1973:
1969:
1933:10.1.1.463.7533
1904:
1903:
1899:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1446:in Magnolianae
1238:
1230:
1228:Dahlgren system
1223:
1216:
1209:
1185:Dahlgren system
1108:APG II system's
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
958:
876:
867:
858:
745:(three species)
737:(35-50 species)
729:(10-12 species)
645:
527:
437:early-diverging
397:
361:
360:
339:
334:
304:
251:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
234:
226:
225:
220:
211:
210:
209:
204:
196:
195:
190:
181:
180:
179:
174:
166:
165:
160:
151:
150:
149:
144:
136:
135:
128:
113:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3351:
3347:wfo-9000000354
3338:
3325:
3315:
3302:
3289:
3279:
3266:
3253:
3243:
3230:
3217:
3204:
3191:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3085:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2918:Paracryphiales
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2843:Caryophyllales
2840:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2426:Mesangiosperms
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Polypodiophyta
2365:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2299:at Wikispecies
2288:
2257:
2256:External links
2254:
2253:
2252:
2242:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2207:(4): 441–647.
2191:
2172:(3): 225–348.
2156:
2129:
2122:
2100:
2081:(3): 225–359.
2065:
2022:
1967:
1964:on 2009-01-08.
1897:
1868:(7): 969–980.
1848:
1801:
1780:10.1086/605120
1754:
1703:
1684:(1): 349–365.
1666:
1610:
1592:
1557:
1553:External links
1544:
1533:
1529:External links
1527:Website. (see
1509:
1496:
1483:(2): 105–121.
1457:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1207:APG III system
1124:APG III system
1102:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
996:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:
974:
969:
967:
964:
963:
960:
959:
955:
954:
951:
950:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
928:
923:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
904:
903:
900:
899:
892:
887:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
869:
868:
864:
863:
860:
859:
855:
854:
851:
850:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
828:
823:
821:
816:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
799:
794:
792:
784:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
765:
760:
758:
752:
750:
749:
748:
747:
746:
738:
730:
722:
714:
699:
698:
697:
682:
681:
680:
679:(five species)
672:
644:
643:Classification
641:
619:Seymour Island
526:
523:
472:The Plant List
466:synapomorphies
399:
398:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
374:
371:
368:
365:
358:
357:
356:
353:
352:
346:
345:
326:
325:
321:
320:
299:
295:
294:
289:
282:
281:
276:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
245:
244:
235:
228:
227:
221:
214:
213:
212:
205:
198:
197:
191:
184:
183:
182:
175:
168:
167:
161:
154:
153:
152:
145:
138:
137:
132:Nymphaea lotus
129:
122:
121:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3410:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3006:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Metteniusales
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2898:Escalloniales
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:Superasterids
2816:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Zygophyllales
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2631:Core eudicots
2627:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2515:Petrosaviales
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Chloranthales
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:Plant Science
2275:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2145:(2): 91–124.
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1912:(June 2008).
1911:
1907:
1906:Soltis, D. E.
1901:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:(2): 89–110.
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1442:Nelumbonaceae
1440:
1437:
1435:in Proteales
1434:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1245:Hydatellaceae
1243:
1242:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:APG II system
1171:
1167:
1166:Magnoliopsida
1163:
1159:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:Nelumbonaceae
1140:
1135:
1133:
1132:APG IV system
1129:
1128:Hydatellaceae
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:Ceratophyllum
995:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
973:
972:
966:
965:
962:
961:
953:
952:
949:
948:
947:Chloranthales
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
933:
927:
926:
920:
919:
913:
912:
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
891:
890:
884:
883:
880:
879:
871:
870:
862:
861:
853:
852:
849:
848:
842:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
827:
826:
820:
819:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
803:Hydatellaceae
798:
797:
791:
788:
787:
781:
780:
777:
776:
773:
772:
771:
764:
763:
756:
755:
751:
744:
743:
739:
736:
735:
731:
728:
727:
723:
721:(one species)
720:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
705:
704:
700:
695:
694:
690:
689:
688:
687:
686:Hydatellaceae
683:
678:
677:
673:
671:(one species)
670:
669:
665:
664:
663:
662:
658:
657:
656:
652:
651:
648:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:
628:Archaefructus
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:
606:
605:
600:
596:
595:
590:
589:
584:
580:
579:
574:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
553:
549:
548:
542:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
517:with a broad
516:
513:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
444:morphological
441:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Hydatellaceae
418:
414:
410:
406:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
354:
351:
347:
344:
342:
337:
336:Hydatellaceae
332:
327:
322:
318:
314:
311:
308:
303:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:Tracheophytes
277:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
255:
250:
246:
238:
232:
224:
218:
208:
202:
194:
188:
178:
177:Euryale ferox
172:
164:
158:
148:
142:
134:
133:
126:
116:
111:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
3064:
2888:Aquifoliales
2781:Picramniales
2743:Cucurbitales
2723:Malpighiales
2673:Saxifragales
2605:Ranunculales
2573:Zingiberales
2568:Commelinales
2521:Dioscoreales
2407:
2402:Amborellales
2378:Angiospermae
2238:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2111:
2103:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2041:
2035:
2025:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1962:the original
1923:
1917:
1900:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1771:
1767:
1757:
1724:
1720:
1706:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1628:
1622:
1613:
1595:
1576:
1570:
1560:
1552:
1547:
1536:
1528:
1499:
1480:
1474:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:Nymphaeaceae
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:Nymphaeaceae
1344:Nymphaeaceae
1336:
1332:Barclayaceae
1322:Nymphaeaceae
1317:Nymphaeaceae
1307:
1303:
1286:
1282:
1270:
1266:
1249:
1239:Nymphaeales
1237:& (2000)
1231:Nymphaeales
1224:Nymphaeales
1217:Nymphaeales
1210:Nymphaeales
1199:
1182:
1155:
1151:Nelumbonales
1136:
1116:Nymphaeaceae
1105:
1015:
999:
998:
976:
945:
930:
894:
847:Nymphaeaceae
845:
830:
801:
789:
768:
767:
757:Angiosperms
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
703:Nymphaeaceae
701:
696:(12 species)
691:
684:
674:
666:
659:
654:
646:
626:
608:
602:
592:
586:
576:
562:
547:Monetianthus
545:
543:
528:
502:
497:
487:
484:phylogenetic
470:
429:Nymphaeaceae
404:
402:
341:Nymphaeaceae
329:
309:
301:
285:
272:
236:
222:
206:
193:Nuphar lutea
192:
176:
162:
146:
130:
29:
3383:Nymphaeales
3285:nymphaeales
3182:iNaturalist
3095:Nymphaeales
3089:Wikispecies
3065:Nymphaeales
2956:Gentianales
2951:Boraginales
2880:Campanulids
2796:Brassicales
2718:Celastrales
2660:Superrosids
2649:Dilleniales
2550:Commelinids
2539:Asparagales
2509:Alismatales
2481:Magnoliales
2408:Nymphaeales
2389:Angiosperms
2350:Supergroup
2297:Nymphaeales
2262:Nymphaeales
2044:(1): 1–20.
1926:(1): 3–25.
1299:Cabombaceae
1294:Cabombaceae
1278:Cabombaceae
1262:Cabombaceae
1257:Cabombaceae
1164:, in class
1162:Magnoliidae
1120:Cabombaceae
1118:(including
832:Cabombaceae
790:Nymphaeales
661:Cabombaceae
655:Nymphaeales
578:Scutifolium
573:Cabombaceae
559:Nympheaceae
539:crown group
509:rhizomatous
503:All of the
494:delineating
457:(wood) and
425:Cabombaceae
405:Nymphaeales
331:Cabombaceae
302:Nymphaeales
292:Angiosperms
41:130–0
35:Nymphaeales
3377:Categories
3024:Alismatids
2936:Icacinales
2913:Dipsacales
2838:Santalales
2791:Huerteales
2786:Sapindales
2766:Geraniales
2728:Oxalidales
2644:Gunnerales
2527:Pandanales
2466:Canellales
2458:Magnoliids
2333:Orders of
1910:Soltis, PS
1453:References
1112:APG system
932:magnoliids
623:Antarctica
604:Notonuphar
594:Brasenites
535:Cretaceous
447:characters
427:, and the
2971:Vahliales
2966:Solanales
2946:Garryales
2903:Bruniales
2893:Asterales
2610:Proteales
2471:Piperales
2358:Bryophyta
2060:0024-4074
1928:CiteSeerX
1884:2199-6881
1835:0079-032X
1788:1058-5893
1749:207613985
1661:205014988
1189:Piperales
1098:phylogeny
770:Amborella
693:Trithuria
564:Jaguariba
519:leaf base
463:Molecular
324:Families
262:Kingdom:
18:Nymphales
3329:VicFlora
3318:VASCAN:
3311:43000019
3306:Tropicos
3074:Wikidata
3040:Category
3030:Lilioids
2961:Lamiales
2870:Ericales
2865:Cornales
2853:Asterids
2801:Malvales
2771:Myrtales
2592:Eudicots
2558:Arecales
2533:Liliales
2503:Acorales
2491:Monocots
2476:Laurales
2221:43430454
2186:40348158
2095:30764910
2009:17361182
1958:17688086
1950:18559813
1892:23846066
1843:84253809
1796:84760466
1741:21616882
1698:21628193
1653:11268209
1404:Victoria
1396:Nymphaea
1374:Victoria
1366:Nymphaea
1354:Barclaya
1337:Barclaya
1304:Brasenia
1283:Brasenia
1267:Brasenia
1017:eudicots
978:monocots
742:Victoria
734:Nymphaea
710:Barclaya
668:Brasenia
633:Liaoning
555:Portugal
498:Nymphaea
489:Nymphaea
417:families
350:Synonyms
343:Salisb.
338:U.Hamann
112:- Recent
2928:Lamiids
2908:Apiales
2758:Malvids
2748:Fagales
2738:Rosales
2733:Fabales
2695:Vitales
2620:Buxales
2017:4415881
1989:Bibcode
1633:Bibcode
1572:Telopea
1555:below.)
1531:below).
1400:Ondinea
1388:Euryale
1370:Ondinea
1358:Euryale
1308:Cabomba
1287:Cabomba
1271:Cabomba
1178:APG III
718:Euryale
676:Cabomba
525:Fossils
512:aquatic
505:species
407:are an
317:J.Presl
313:Bercht.
307:Salisb.
298:Order:
266:Plantae
3360:594759
3262:927972
3246:NZOR:
3239:261007
3122:124960
3109:214958
3080:Q27421
2705:Fabids
2683:Rosids
2563:Poales
2339:APG IV
2248:
2219:
2184:
2120:
2093:
2058:
2015:
2007:
1981:Nature
1956:
1948:
1930:
1890:
1882:
1841:
1833:
1794:
1786:
1747:
1739:
1696:
1659:
1651:
1624:Nature
1392:Nuphar
1362:Nuphar
726:Nuphar
653:order
615:Eocene
610:Nuphar
599:Kansas
583:Jordan
569:Brazil
537:. The
531:fossil
459:phloem
423:, the
315:&
3355:WoRMS
3293:Plazi
3282:PPE:
3275:54894
3213:18367
3200:12009
3195:IRMNG
3187:51120
3161:1NYMO
3135:8ZXXZ
2352:Plant
2217:S2CID
2182:S2CID
2091:S2CID
2013:S2CID
1954:S2CID
1888:S2CID
1839:S2CID
1792:S2CID
1745:S2CID
1657:S2CID
637:China
597:from
581:from
515:herbs
455:xylem
440:grade
435:, an
409:order
286:Clade
273:Clade
3234:NCBI
3208:ITIS
3169:GBIF
3156:EPPO
3148:4341
3117:BOLD
3104:APNI
2246:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2056:ISSN
2005:PMID
1946:PMID
1924:1133
1880:ISSN
1831:ISSN
1784:ISSN
1737:PMID
1694:PMID
1649:PMID
1523:At:
1183:The
1156:The
1141:and
529:The
507:are
478:and
403:The
359:List
49:PreꞒ
3342:WFO
3221:NBN
3174:636
3143:EoL
3130:CoL
2283:At:
2277:At:
2271:At:
2265:At:
2209:doi
2174:doi
2147:doi
2083:doi
2046:doi
2042:181
1997:doi
1985:446
1938:doi
1870:doi
1866:303
1823:doi
1776:doi
1772:170
1729:doi
1686:doi
1641:doi
1629:410
1581:doi
1485:doi
1481:161
561:is
411:of
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3321:45
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2170:58
2168:.
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2141:.
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2079:46
2077:.
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2011:.
2003:.
1995:.
1983:.
1979:.
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1944:.
1936:.
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1916:.
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1829:.
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1782:.
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1723:.
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1692:.
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1680:.
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1461:^
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1360:,
1356:,
1306:,
1285:,
1269:,
635:,
621:,
585:,
500:.
310:ex
288::
275::
99:Pg
43:Ma
3028:³
3022:²
3016:¹
2541:³
2535:³
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2523:³
2517:³
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2505:²
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1940::
1894:.
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104:N
94:K
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79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
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