275:
261:
289:
247:
42:
233:
55:
1339:
1325:
426:
have the submedial vein (vein 1) unbranched and in one subfamily forked near the base; the medial vein has three branches, veins 2, 3, and 4; veins 5 and 6 arise from the points of junction of the discocellulars; the subcostal vein and its continuation beyond the apex of cell, vein 7, has never more
1308:
The trait for which these butterflies are most known is the use of only four legs; the reason their forelegs have become vestigial is not yet completely clear. Some suggest the forelegs are used to amplify the sense of smell, because some species possess a brush-like set of soft hair called
1482:"Papers presented at the Mammalian Phylogeny symposium during the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, Sorrento, Italy, June 13–16, 2002 (Chapter: Towards a better understanding of the higher systematics of Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea))"
1313:, which has led researchers to believe the forelegs are used to improve signaling and communication between the species, while standing in the other four. This ability proves useful in terms of reproduction and the overall health of the species, and it is the leading theory so far.
354:, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs, which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the
303:
434:
have internal (1a) and precostal veins. The cell in both wings is closed or open, often closed in the fore, open in the hindwing. The dorsal margin of the hindwing is channelled to receive the abdomen in many of the forms.
307:
310:
309:
306:
305:
311:
427:
than four branches, veins 8–11; 8 and 9 always arise from vein 7, 10, and 11 sometimes from vein 7 but more often free, i.e., given off by the subcostal vein before apex of the cell.
1461:
3892:
346:, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called
308:
3766:
3805:
274:
442:
always have two grooves on the underside; the club is variable in shape. Throughout the family, the front pair of legs in the male, and with three exceptions (
396:
was unequivocally implied in the formation of the name (Code
Article 11.7.1.1). The attribution of the Nymphalidae to Rafinesque has now been widely adopted.
411:
In the adult butterflies, the first pair of legs is small or reduced, giving the family the other names of four-footed or brush-footed butterflies. The
3740:
1664:
3779:
260:
1722:
1576:
1489:
374:. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a
1695:
304:
1352:
405:
3854:
1680:
1256:
3539:
1481:
3784:
3792:
288:
246:
131:
41:
3887:
3649:
3616:
3534:
1593:
54:
3810:
3719:
3732:
1715:
1291:
1211:
386:
Rafinesque introduced the name
Nymphalia as a subfamily name in diurnal Lepidoptera. Rafinesque did not include
1686:
1050:
1480:
Niklas
Wahlberg, Elisabet Weingartner & Sören Nylin (2003). Gisella Caccone & Giacomo Bernardi (ed.).
1229:
473:
3897:
3556:
1456:
1247:
1103:
1077:
323:
280:
3841:
3111:
1088:
976:
472:. In many of the forms of these subfamilies, the forelegs are kept pressed against the underside of the
3654:
666:
butterflies, the caterpillars often have head spines or projections. Mostly edible species, have some
342:, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily
3882:
3859:
3820:
3688:
3603:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1708:
1540:
1130:
1112:
1041:
3127:
2902:
2894:
1467:
1238:
923:
232:
1121:
49:
3846:
1560:
843:
584:
Most species have long wings, and some have transparent wings. Host plants are in the families
3828:
3675:
2472:
1572:
1506:
1433:
1415:
1344:
1274:
1202:
1166:
1059:
572:
439:
359:
3771:
3594:
3833:
3453:
2944:
2503:
1564:
1548:
1498:
1423:
1407:
1220:
1139:
1012:
667:
663:
493:
335:
266:
252:
3631:
3022:
2698:
2575:
2451:
2443:
2409:
2383:
2375:
2042:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1809:
1803:
1791:
1283:
1265:
1175:
1031:
836:
820:
554:
534:
522:
511:
3727:
3714:
3243:
3030:
2708:
2633:
2599:
2557:
2482:
2467:
2110:
1556:
1544:
1428:
1395:
1330:
1184:
1157:
1068:
1000:
992:
984:
980:
863:
762:
749:
691:
679:
294:
1502:
3876:
3471:
3396:
3304:
3251:
3230:
3222:
3093:
2973:
2965:
2685:
2567:
2562:
2552:
2331:
2323:
2310:
2302:
2273:
2234:
2102:
2047:
2034:
2025:
1950:
1942:
1933:
1895:
1889:
1877:
1568:
1549:
1094:
988:
951:
904:
886:
789:
683:
343:
187:
116:
3608:
3621:
3490:
3458:
3440:
3388:
3320:
3280:
3080:
3072:
3038:
2923:
2915:
2736:
2726:
2713:
2667:
2659:
2646:
2638:
2625:
2583:
2544:
2534:
2511:
2490:
2459:
2422:
2414:
2401:
2281:
2229:
1775:
1338:
1148:
996:
915:
850:
832:
785:
758:
739:
675:
589:
450:
217:
177:
1514:
3680:
979:. Caterpillars are sometimes covered in spines. Host plants include Acanthaceae,
460:) in the female also, is reduced in size and functionally impotent; in some, the
3797:
3753:
3588:
3448:
3406:
3330:
3325:
3296:
3264:
3100:
2936:
2860:
2852:
2839:
2831:
2802:
2752:
2677:
2591:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2498:
2289:
2224:
2152:
2131:
2123:
2073:
1852:
1846:
1834:
1732:
1016:
1008:
963:
776:
772:
735:
723:
719:
630:
609:
605:
585:
558:
550:
518:
412:
371:
339:
197:
182:
157:
106:
3514:
3422:
3414:
3367:
3351:
3338:
3312:
3288:
3272:
3193:
3180:
3172:
3151:
3143:
3059:
3051:
2994:
2986:
2952:
2810:
2744:
2731:
2703:
2690:
2612:
2239:
2181:
2086:
1700:
1320:
1004:
967:
957:
947:
930:
894:
882:
816:
768:
711:
703:
671:
655:
601:
593:
576:
496:
were formerly well-recognized as distinct families due to insufficient study.
363:
355:
167:
162:
152:
147:
3579:
1419:
3701:
3466:
3372:
3209:
3201:
3119:
2794:
2781:
2765:
2617:
2607:
2393:
2260:
2252:
2208:
2094:
1763:
1751:
1193:
890:
873:
839:
803:
754:
731:
699:
695:
634:
568:
485:
469:
388:
315:
238:
202:
192:
86:
66:
1510:
1437:
3662:
3641:
3573:
3359:
3135:
2881:
2873:
2818:
2773:
2430:
2348:
2216:
2081:
2064:
1917:
1769:
1411:
939:
872:(mostly African, but some species in Asia, sometimes considered a family
869:
793:
715:
687:
647:
643:
562:
541:
465:
456:
444:
431:
423:
172:
17:
1324:
3380:
3012:
3004:
2721:
859:
812:
707:
544:(milkweed butterflies, earlier treated as the distinct family Danaidae)
461:
375:
1690:
1394:
Wolfe, Joanna M.; Oliver, Jeffrey C.; Monteiro, Antónia (2011-01-01).
3758:
3667:
3430:
1757:
1745:
1373:
Analyse de la Nature, ou
Tableau de l'Univers et des Corps Organisés.
919:
367:
319:
96:
76:
3745:
3550:
617:
Caterpillars resemble those of the
Danainae and feed on Apocynaceae.
3706:
1669:
1396:"Evolutionary reduction of the first thoracic limb in butterflies"
1384:
Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003: 167; Pelham, 2008; Wahlberg, 2010
500:
489:
301:
287:
273:
259:
245:
231:
966:(a large subfamily that sometimes includes the Limenitidinae and
942:. Caterpillars are smooth with bifid tails and horns on the head.
806:(satyrs and browns, earlier treated as distinct family Satyridae)
378:
effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings.
1310:
416:
3554:
1914:
1874:
1831:
1788:
1704:
3693:
1644:
Catalogue of the
Butterflies of the United States and Canada
3154:(gossamer-winged butterflies: blues, coppers and relatives)
3375:(daggers, sallows, owlet moths, quakers, cutworms, darts)
415:
are hairy or spiky with projections on the head, and the
3362:(underwing, tiger, tussock, litter, snout, owlet moths)
492:
are of unclear position, reflecting the fact that some
1462:
The Fauna of
British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
525:, earlier treated as the distinct family Libytheidae)
3563:
3483:
3439:
3405:
3350:
3263:
3242:
3221:
3192:
3171:
3092:
3071:
3050:
3021:
3003:
2985:
2964:
2935:
2914:
2893:
2872:
2851:
2830:
2793:
2764:
2676:
2658:
2543:
2481:
2442:
2392:
2374:
2347:
2322:
2301:
2272:
2251:
2207:
2180:
2151:
2122:
2072:
2063:
2033:
2024:
2006:
1997:
1972:
1963:
1941:
1932:
1888:
1845:
1802:
1663:Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility (2003):
858:Colourful tropical butterflies, they are noted for
646:, they are restricted to host plants in the family
2813:(castniid moths: giant butterfly-moths, sun moths)
853:(earlier treated as distinct family Heliconiidae)
476:, and are in the male often very inconspicuous.
918:of the heliconiine clade, also includes tribes
771:(owls, neotropical with 70–80 species, mostly
209:
1716:
1375:Jean Barravecceia: Palermo. 224 pages, p 127.
8:
862:. All species use host plants in the family
3893:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
811:Host plants are in the families Arecaceae,
464:of the forelegs is considerable, e.g., the
404:For an explanation of technical terms, see
3551:
3162:(brush-footed, or four-footed butterflies)
2371:
2367:
2204:
2177:
2069:
2030:
2003:
1969:
1938:
1929:
1925:
1911:
1885:
1871:
1842:
1828:
1799:
1785:
1723:
1709:
1701:
575:species, sometimes considered a subfamily
40:
31:
1594:"Butterfly watch: four legs vs. six legs"
1427:
835:of the nymphaline clade, excludes former
3341:(hawk moths, sphinx moths and hornworms)
1623:Butterflies through Binoculars, The West
3138:(whites, yellows, orangetips, sulphurs)
1683:, Brisbane butterflies web site (2005).
1681:Danaids and Browns - Family Nymphalidae
1364:
846:, and tribes Pseudergolini and Coeini)
784:Host plants in the families Arecaceae,
488:of the Nymphalidae is complex. Several
3254:(eggars, snout moths, or lappet moths)
1637:Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies
1628:Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H.
633:(about six species, restricted to the
1635:James, David G. and Nunnallee, David
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1490:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1451:
1449:
1447:
1290:(includes several subspecies such as
7:
3821:e1ca03a2-3aec-414c-8039-e544ff1bb0d8
3733:24c56ea2-9787-4cf5-995b-fcdcfeb0b576
747:Include the spectacular neotropical
1696:Nymphalidae from all over the world
775:, sometimes considered a subfamily
738:, sometimes considered a subfamily
608:, sometimes considered a subfamily
2776:(carpenter millers, or goat moths)
2693:(burnet, forester, or smoky moths)
1353:List of fritillaries (butterflies)
670:. Host plants are in the families
406:External morphology of Lepidoptera
25:
2097:(Amazonian primitive ghost moths)
292:Small pearl-bordered fritillary (
1337:
1323:
1024:Example species from this family
1003:, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae,
881:Host plants are in the families
53:
2113:(African primitive ghost moths)
1630:Butterflies of British Columbia
1257:Small pearl-bordered fritillary
2417:(Old World spiny-winged moths)
1569:10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00039-0
938:Host plants are in the family
819:, Heliconiaceae, Poaceae, and
753:, its food plants include the
1:
3315:(Kentish glory and relatives)
2134:(New Zealand primitive moths)
1503:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00052-6
392:among the listed genera, but
3461:(oriental swallowtail moths)
2739:(planthopper parasite moths)
1551:Encyclopedia of Biodiversity
1275:Texan crescentspot butterfly
765:, Poaceae, and Sapindaceae.
549:Host plant families include
3535:Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
3122:(American moth-butterflies)
3083:(Old World butterfly-moths)
3062:(picture-winged leaf moths)
1812:(mandibulate archaic moths)
1651:The Butterflies of Cascadia
1086:Cracker butterflies, genus
960:(formerly in Limenitidinae)
3914:
3033:(tropical fruitworm moths)
2570:(case-bearers, case moths)
2334:(trumpet leaf miner moths)
2089:(swift moths, ghost moths)
1543:(2001). "Nymphalidae". In
403:
250:Crimson-spotted forester (
3530:
3511:
3283:(American silkworm moths)
3114:(swallowtail butterflies)
2784:(dudgeon carpenter moths)
2493:(false diamondback moths)
2404:(burrowing webworm moths)
2370:
1928:
1924:
1910:
1884:
1870:
1841:
1827:
1798:
1784:
1740:
1400:Journal of Insect Science
1371:Rafinesque, C.S. (1815).
1296:Speyeria zerene hippolyta
1216:Polygonia interrogationis
480:Systematics and phylogeny
223:
216:
144:
139:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
3275:(Australian lappet moth)
2284:(pigmy, or midget moths)
1687:Tree of Life Web Project
1468:Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
1279:Anthanassa texana texana
1051:California tortoiseshell
348:brush-footed butterflies
27:Largest butterfly family
2105:(miniature ghost moths)
604:(about 6–10 species in
503:within the family are:
352:four-footed butterflies
3484:Superfamily unassigned
2905:(bristle-legged moths)
2454:(ribbed cocoon makers)
2263:(Andean endemic moths)
2219:(fairy longhorn moths)
1672:"Family Nymphalidae".
1464:: Butterflies Volume I
1078:Common snout butterfly
327:
299:
285:
281:Tirumala septentrionis
271:
257:
243:
3842:Paleobiology Database
3391:(prominents, kittens)
2926:(fringe-tufted moths)
1982:Acanthopteroctetidae
1974:Acanthopteroctetoidea
1649:Pyle, Robert Michael
1234:Coenonympha pamphilus
1055:Nymphalis californica
314:
291:
277:
264:Monarch butterflies (
263:
249:
235:
3728:Fauna Europaea (new)
2903:Schreckensteiniidae
2895:Schreckensteinioidea
2884:(false burnet moths)
2755:(slug, or cup moths)
2313:(Gondwanaland moths)
2292:(white eyecap moths)
2050:(archaic bell moths)
1412:10.1673/031.011.6601
1270:Cithaerias andromeda
1113:Grayling (butterfly)
1082:Libytheana carinenta
226:About 5,700 species
3233:(sack bearer moths)
2955:(false plume moths)
2947:(many-plumed moths)
2805:(little bear moths)
2747:(slug caterpillars)
2602:(long-horned moths)
2586:(grass-miner moths)
1984:(archaic sun moths)
1621:Glassberg, Jeffrey
1598:Scientific American
1239:Small tortoiseshell
1104:Edith's checkerspot
3888:Butterfly families
1665:Family Nymphalidae
1144:Euphydryas aurinia
1135:Limenitis lorquini
1126:Asterocampa celtis
1015:, Urticaceae, and
885:, Passifloraceae,
419:have shiny spots.
328:
300:
286:
272:
258:
244:
3870:
3869:
3829:Open Tree of Life
3557:Taxon identifiers
3548:
3547:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3475:
3462:
3426:
3418:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3363:
3342:
3334:
3316:
3308:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3255:
3234:
3213:
3205:
3184:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3105:
3084:
3063:
3042:
3041:(fruitworm moths)
3034:
2977:
2956:
2948:
2927:
2906:
2885:
2864:
2843:
2842:(metalmark moths)
2822:
2821:(clearwing moths)
2814:
2806:
2785:
2777:
2756:
2748:
2740:
2717:
2694:
2650:
2642:
2629:
2628:(concealer moths)
2621:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2579:
2571:
2530:
2507:
2504:Glyphipterigidae
2494:
2473:Roeslerstammiidae
2463:
2455:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2405:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2314:
2293:
2285:
2264:
2243:
2220:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2114:
2106:
2098:
2090:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2020:
2019:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1959:
1958:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1890:Heterobathmioidea
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1642:Pelham, Jonathan
1578:978-0-12-226865-6
1541:Philip J. DeVries
1345:Arthropods portal
1292:Oregon silverspot
1284:Zerene fritillary
1243:Nymphalis urticae
1207:Danaus chrysippus
1167:Monarch butterfly
1162:Nymphalis antiopa
1131:Lorquin's admiral
1122:Hackberry emperor
1117:Hipparchia semele
1108:Euphydryas editha
1064:Polygonia c-album
933:(mostly tropical)
860:Müllerian mimicry
829:heliconiine clade
523:snout butterflies
360:monarch butterfly
312:
278:Dark blue tiger (
230:
229:
135:
16:(Redirected from
3905:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3836:
3824:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3801:
3800:
3798:NBNSYS0000160544
3788:
3787:
3775:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3645:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3552:
3474:(geometer moths)
3473:
3460:
3454:Pseudobistonidae
3424:
3416:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3361:
3340:
3332:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3253:
3232:
3211:
3203:
3182:
3161:
3153:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3113:
3104:
3097:
3082:
3061:
3040:
3032:
2975:
2954:
2946:
2925:
2904:
2883:
2862:
2841:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2783:
2775:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2715:
2692:
2648:
2640:
2627:
2619:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2576:Cosmopterigidae
2569:
2528:
2505:
2492:
2461:
2453:
2452:Bucculatricidae
2432:
2424:
2416:
2403:
2372:
2368:
2333:
2312:
2291:
2283:
2262:
2241:
2218:
2205:
2178:
2133:
2112:
2104:
2096:
2088:
2070:
2049:
2031:
2004:
1983:
1970:
1939:
1930:
1926:
1912:
1896:Heterobathmiidae
1886:
1872:
1854:
1843:
1829:
1811:
1810:Micropterigidae
1804:Micropterigoidea
1800:
1786:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1554:
1537:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1513:. Archived from
1486:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1252:Pyronia tithonus
1225:Vanessa atalanta
1171:Danaus plexippus
1140:Marsh fritillary
1013:Scrophulariaceae
912:nymphaline clade
508:libytheine clade
334:are the largest
313:
267:Danaus plexippus
253:Euphaedra themis
130:
58:
57:
44:
32:
21:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3845:
3840:
3832:
3827:
3819:
3817:
3809:
3804:
3796:
3791:
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3638:
3630:
3628:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3559:
3549:
3544:
3540:Lists by region
3518:
3517:is not a clade.
3513:Note: division
3495:
3479:
3435:
3401:
3346:
3307:(Dryandra moth)
3299:(Brahmin moths)
3259:
3238:
3217:
3188:
3167:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3067:
3046:
3031:Copromorphidae
3023:Copromorphoidea
3017:
2999:
2981:
2960:
2931:
2910:
2889:
2868:
2863:(tortrix moths)
2847:
2826:
2789:
2760:
2716:(flannel moths)
2699:Himantopteridae
2672:
2654:
2600:Lecithoceridae
2594:(twirler moths)
2539:
2477:
2462:(Douglas moths)
2444:Gracillarioidea
2438:
2425:(bagworm moths)
2410:Arrhenophanidae
2388:
2376:Simaethistoidea
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2339:
2318:
2297:
2268:
2247:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2132:Mnesarchaeidae
2124:Mnesarchaeoidea
2118:
2111:Prototheoridae
2055:
2043:Aenigmatineidae
2016:
2008:Lophocoronoidea
1989:
1955:
1920:
1898:
1880:
1878:Heterobathmiina
1858:
1853:Agathiphagidae
1847:Agathiphagoidea
1837:
1815:
1794:
1780:
1736:
1729:
1660:
1618:
1616:Further reading
1613:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1517:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1455:
1454:
1445:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1306:
1301:
1288:Speyeria zerene
1266:Andromeda satyr
1180:Morpho menelaus
1153:Maniola jurtina
1099:Chlosyne janais
1032:Actinote zikani
1026:
821:Selaginellaceae
668:Batesian mimics
555:Asclepiadoideae
482:
409:
402:
384:
324:yellow ironweed
302:
225:
224:Over 600 genera
129:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3911:
3909:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3851:
3838:
3825:
3815:
3802:
3789:
3776:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3715:Fauna Europaea
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3636:
3626:
3613:
3600:
3585:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3365:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:Lasiocampidae
3248:
3246:
3244:Lasiocampoidea
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3108:
3106:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2987:Whalleyanoidea
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:Pterophoridae
2970:
2968:
2966:Pterophoroidea
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2770:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:Megalopygidae
2711:
2709:Somabrachyidae
2706:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2649:(timber moths)
2644:
2641:(flower moths)
2636:
2634:Pterolonchidae
2631:
2623:
2620:(mompha moths)
2615:
2610:
2605:
2597:
2589:
2581:
2578:(cosmet moths)
2573:
2568:Coleophoridae
2565:
2560:
2558:Batrachedridae
2555:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2529:(ermine moths)
2527:Yponomeutidae
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2501:
2496:
2487:
2485:
2483:Yponomeutoidea
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2468:Gracillariidae
2465:
2457:
2448:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2433:(fungus moths)
2428:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2384:Simaethistidae
2380:
2378:
2365:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:Palaephatidae
2307:
2305:
2303:Palaephatoidea
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2175:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2103:Palaeosetidae
2100:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:Neopseustidae
2045:
2039:
2037:
2035:Neopseustoidea
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:Lophocoronidae
2012:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1943:Eriocranioidea
1936:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1806:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1684:
1677:
1667:
1659:
1658:External links
1656:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1584:
1577:
1557:Academic Press
1545:Simon A. Levin
1523:
1520:on 2007-10-25.
1497:(3): 473–484.
1472:
1457:Bingham, C. T.
1443:
1386:
1377:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1334:
1331:Insects portal
1318:
1315:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1261:Boloria selene
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1189:Vanessa cardui
1182:
1173:
1164:
1158:Mourning cloak
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1084:
1075:
1073:Junonia coenia
1069:Common buckeye
1066:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1001:Plantaginaceae
993:Flacourtiaceae
985:Convolvulaceae
981:Caprifoliaceae
972:
971:
961:
955:
944:
943:
935:
934:
908:
907:
901:
900:
899:
898:
878:
877:
864:Passifloraceae
855:
854:
825:
824:
808:
807:
800:
799:
798:
797:
796:, and Poaceae.
781:
780:
763:Menispermaceae
744:
743:
728:
727:
692:Flacourtiaceae
680:Convolvulaceae
659:
658:
652:
651:
642:Mimics of the
639:
638:
625:satyrine clade
621:
620:
619:
618:
614:
613:
598:
597:
581:
580:
557:(subfamily of
546:
545:
527:
526:
499:The five main
481:
478:
401:
400:Classification
398:
383:
380:
368:tortoiseshells
295:Boloria selene
228:
227:
221:
220:
214:
213:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
142:
141:
137:
136:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3910:
3899:
3898:Papilionoidea
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3516:
3510:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3459:Epicopeiidae
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3397:Oenosandridae
3395:
3393:
3389:Notodontidae
3387:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:Apatelodidae
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3231:Mimallonidae
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3223:Mimallonoidea
3220:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3204:(snout moths)
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:Papilionidae
3110:
3109:
3107:
3102:
3095:
3094:Papilionoidea
3091:
3085:
3081:Callidulidae
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3073:Calliduloidea
3070:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3039:Carposinidae
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2995:Whalleyanidae
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2976:(plume moths)
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2924:Epermeniidae
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2916:Epermenioidea
2913:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2782:Dudgeoneidae
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:Epipyropidae
2735:
2733:
2732:Cyclotornidae
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2686:Heterogynidae
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2660:Galacticoidea
2657:
2651:
2647:Xyloryctidae
2645:
2643:
2639:Scythrididae
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2626:Oecophoridae
2624:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2613:Metachandidae
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2584:Elachistidae
2582:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2563:Blastobasidae
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Autostichidae
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2506:(sedge moths)
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2491:Acrolepiidae
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:Douglasiidae
2458:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:Eriocottidae
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2402:Acrolophidae
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2346:
2336:
2332:Tischeriidae
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2324:Tischerioidea
2321:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:Nepticulidae
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2274:Nepticuloidea
2271:
2265:
2261:Andesianidae
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2253:Andesianoidea
2250:
2244:
2242:(yucca moths)
2238:
2236:
2235:Incurvariidae
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2150:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:Neotheoridae
2093:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Lophocoronina
1996:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:Acanthoctesia
1962:
1952:
1951:Eriocraniidae
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1909:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1857:
1855:(kauri moths)
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
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1714:
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1707:
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1703:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1599:
1595:
1592:Gould, S. E.
1588:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1297:
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1289:
1285:
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1280:
1276:
1273:
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1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1212:Question mark
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:Crimson patch
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:, Lamiaceae,
994:
990:
989:Euphorbiaceae
986:
982:
978:
975:Some species
974:
973:
969:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
952:Limenitidinae
950:(formerly in
949:
946:
945:
941:
937:
936:
932:
929:
928:
927:
925:
924:Pseudergolini
921:
917:
913:
906:
905:Limenitidinae
903:
902:
896:
892:
888:
887:Sterculiaceae
884:
880:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
865:
861:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
847:
845:
841:
838:
834:
830:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:
805:
802:
801:
795:
791:
790:Heliconiaceae
787:
783:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:
746:
745:
741:
737:
733:
730:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:Euphorbiaceae
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:
636:
632:
629:
628:
627:
626:
616:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
547:
543:
540:
539:
538:
536:
532:
531:danaine clade
524:
520:
517:
516:
515:
513:
509:
504:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
436:
433:
428:
425:
420:
418:
414:
407:
399:
397:
395:
391:
390:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:Papilionoidea
341:
337:
333:
325:
321:
317:
297:
296:
290:
283:
282:
276:
269:
268:
262:
255:
254:
248:
242:
240:
234:
222:
219:
215:
212:
211:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
188:Limenitidinae
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
143:
138:
133:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Papilionoidea
115:
113:Superfamily:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3564:
3491:Millieriidae
3472:Geometridae
3441:Geometroidea
3425:(gold moths)
3383:(tuft moths)
3333:(saturniids)
3331:Saturniidae
3321:Eupterotidae
3305:Carthaeidae
3297:Brahmaeidae
3291:(silk moths)
3212:(grass moth)
3183:(teak moths)
3160:Nymphalidae
3159:
3146:(metalmarks)
3128:Hesperiidae
2861:Tortricidae
2853:Tortricoidea
2840:Choreutidae
2832:Choreutoidea
2803:Brachodidae
2753:Limacodidae
2727:Anomoeotidae
2668:Galacticidae
2592:Gelechiidae
2545:Gelechioidea
2535:Ypsolophidae
2512:Heliodinidae
2290:Opostegidae
2230:Heliozelidae
2082:Anomosetidae
2026:Neopseustina
1776:Holometabola
1774:Superorder:
1768:Infraclass:
1679:Peter Chew:
1673:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1587:
1550:
1515:the original
1494:
1488:
1475:
1460:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1307:
1295:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1185:Painted lady
1179:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1149:Meadow brown
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1087:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1030:
999:, Moraceae,
997:Loranthaceae
991:, Fagaceae,
916:sister group
911:
909:
851:Heliconiinae
833:sister group
828:
826:
786:Bromeliaceae
761:, Fabaceae,
759:Bignoniaceae
748:
740:Amathusiinae
676:Celastraceae
624:
622:
590:Gesneriaceae
530:
528:
507:
505:
498:
483:
455:
451:Pseudergolis
449:
443:
437:
429:
421:
413:caterpillars
410:
393:
387:
385:
382:Nomenclature
372:fritillaries
351:
347:
331:
329:
293:
279:
265:
251:
237:
210:article text
207:
178:Heliconiinae
140:Subfamilies
126:
35:Nymphalidae
29:
3883:Nymphalidae
3754:iNaturalist
3632:Nymphalidae
3622:Nymphalidae
3609:Nymphalidae
3595:Nymphalidae
3589:Wikispecies
3565:Nymphalidae
3449:Sematuridae
3423:Cimeliidae
3417:(hook-tips)
3415:Drepanidae
3407:Drepanoidea
3339:Sphingidae
3326:Phiditiidae
3313:Endromidae
3289:Bombycidae
3273:Anthelidae
3265:Bombycoidea
3181:Hyblaeidae
3173:Hyblaeoidea
3152:Lycaenidae
3144:Riodinidae
3101:butterflies
3060:Thyrididae
3052:Thyridoidea
2953:Tineodidae
2945:Alucitidae
2937:Alucitoidea
2811:Castniidae
2745:Dalceridae
2691:Zygaenidae
2678:Zygaenoidea
2522:Plutellidae
2517:Lyonetiidae
2499:Bedelliidae
2240:Prodoxidae
2225:Cecidosidae
2087:Hepialidae
2074:Hepialoidea
1792:Zeugloptera
1733:Lepidoptera
1691:Nymphalidae
1674:Insecta.pro
1670:Nymphalidae
1559:. pp.
1230:Small heath
1221:Red admiral
1203:Plain tiger
1176:Blue morpho
1017:Verbenaceae
1009:Sapindaceae
964:Nymphalinae
777:Brassolinae
773:crepuscular
736:Amathusiini
734:(including
724:Sapindaceae
720:Santalaceae
631:Calinaginae
610:Tellervinae
606:Australasia
586:Apocynaceae
573:Neotropical
571:(about 300
559:Apocynaceae
551:Apocynaceae
519:Libytheinae
494:subfamilies
340:butterflies
332:Nymphalidae
198:Nymphalinae
183:Libytheinae
158:Calinaginae
127:Nymphalidae
107:Lepidoptera
3877:Categories
3515:Monotrysia
3373:Noctuidae
3368:Euteliidae
3352:Noctuoidea
3210:Crambidae
3202:Pyralidae
3194:Pyraloidea
3130:(skippers)
3120:Hedylidae
2704:Lacturidae
2618:Momphidae
2423:Psychidae
1934:Dacnonypha
1762:Subclass:
1752:Arthropoda
1466:. London:
1359:References
1304:Morphology
1248:Gatekeeper
1005:Salicaceae
968:Biblidinae
958:Cyrestinae
948:Biblidinae
931:Apaturinae
895:Urticaceae
883:Asteraceae
817:Cyperaceae
769:Brassolini
712:Rhamnaceae
704:Piperaceae
672:Annonaceae
656:Charaxinae
602:Tellervini
594:Solanaceae
577:Ithomiinae
417:chrysalids
318:butterfly
168:Cyrestinae
163:Charaxinae
153:Biblidinae
148:Apaturinae
132:Rafinesque
87:Arthropoda
3467:Uraniidae
3360:Erebidae
3136:Pieridae
2882:Urodidae
2874:Urodoidea
2819:Sesiidae
2795:Sesioidea
2774:Cossidae
2766:Cossoidea
2608:Lypusidae
2431:Tineidae
2394:Tineoidea
2217:Adelidae
2209:Adeloidea
1916:Suborder
1876:Suborder
1835:Aglossata
1833:Suborder
1790:Suborder
1764:Pterygota
1744:Kingdom:
1420:1536-2442
1406:(1): 66.
1198:Aglais io
1089:Hamadryas
1042:Archdukes
891:Tiliaceae
874:Acraeinae
844:Cyrestini
840:Biblidini
804:Satyrinae
755:Arecaceae
732:Morphinae
700:Myrtaceae
696:Lauraceae
662:Tropical
635:Himalayas
569:Ithomiini
486:phylogeny
470:Satyrinae
432:hindwings
424:forewings
394:Nymphalis
389:Nymphalis
320:nectaring
239:Aglais io
236:Peacock (
218:Diversity
203:Satyrinae
193:Morphinae
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
18:Nymphalid
3663:BugGuide
3639:BioLib:
3629:BAMONA:
3574:Wikidata
3381:Nolidae
3005:Immoidea
2065:Exoporia
1918:Glossata
1770:Neoptera
1750:Phylum:
1746:Animalia
1735:families
1511:12927132
1459:(1905).
1438:21867433
1317:See also
1044:, genus
1037:Actinote
1035:, genus
940:Ulmaceae
870:Acraeini
794:Musaceae
716:Rutaceae
688:Fabaceae
648:Moraceae
644:Danainae
563:Moraceae
542:Danainae
466:Danainae
457:Calinaga
445:Libythea
440:antennae
364:admirals
356:emperors
316:Crescent
208:and see
173:Danainae
123:Family:
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
3580:Q156449
3013:Immidae
2722:Aididae
1758:Insecta
1756:Class:
1731:Extant
1547:(ed.).
1429:3281478
1194:Peacock
977:migrate
813:Araceae
708:Poaceae
561:), and
462:atrophy
376:cryptic
103:Order:
97:Insecta
93:Class:
3860:989033
3847:135150
3834:358161
3818:NZOR:
3785:117276
3772:114362
3707:1NYMPF
3431:Doidae
1653:(2002)
1646:(2008)
1639:(2011)
1632:(2001)
1625:(2001)
1575:
1563:–573.
1509:
1436:
1426:
1418:
1046:Lexias
920:Coeini
893:, and
837:tribes
750:Morpho
722:, and
664:canopy
592:, and
501:clades
474:thorax
454:, and
370:, and
336:family
134:, 1815
3855:WoRMS
3811:33415
3767:IRMNG
3759:47922
3642:17299
1603:7 Sep
1518:(PDF)
1485:(PDF)
1311:setae
1060:Comma
535:basal
512:basal
3806:NCBI
3780:ITIS
3746:7017
3741:GBIF
3720:7202
3702:EPPO
3650:BOLD
1605:2013
1573:ISBN
1507:PMID
1434:PMID
1416:ISSN
922:and
910:The
842:and
827:The
623:The
529:The
506:The
490:taxa
484:The
468:and
438:The
430:The
422:The
330:The
3793:NBN
3694:876
3689:EoL
3681:DGC
3676:CoL
3668:192
3655:723
3617:AFD
3604:ADW
1565:doi
1561:559
1499:doi
1424:PMC
1408:doi
350:or
338:of
322:on
3879::
3857::
3844::
3831::
3808::
3795::
3782::
3769::
3756::
3743::
3730::
3717::
3704::
3691::
3678::
3665::
3652::
3619::
3606::
3591::
3576::
1689::
1596:.
1571:.
1555:.
1526:^
1505:.
1495:28
1493:.
1487:.
1446:^
1432:.
1422:.
1414:.
1404:11
1402:.
1398:.
1294:,
1286:,
1277:,
1268:,
1259:,
1250:,
1241:,
1232:,
1223:,
1214:,
1205:,
1196:,
1187:,
1178:,
1169:,
1160:,
1151:,
1142:,
1133:,
1124:,
1115:,
1106:,
1097:,
1080:,
1071:,
1062:,
1053:,
1011:,
1007:,
987:,
983:,
926:)
889:,
866:.
815:,
792:,
788:,
757:,
718:,
714:,
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
694:,
690:,
686:,
682:,
678:,
674:,
588:,
565:.
553:,
537:)
514:)
448:,
366:,
362:,
358:,
3103:)
3099:(
2363:a
2361:i
2359:s
2357:y
2355:r
2353:t
2351:i
2349:D
2200:a
2198:i
2196:s
2194:y
2192:r
2190:t
2188:o
2186:n
2184:o
2182:M
2173:a
2171:r
2169:u
2167:e
2165:n
2163:o
2161:r
2159:e
2157:t
2155:e
2153:H
1724:e
1717:t
1710:v
1676:.
1607:.
1581:.
1567::
1501::
1440:.
1410::
1298:)
1019:.
970:)
954:)
914:(
897:.
876:)
831:(
823:.
779:)
742:)
726:.
650:.
637:)
612:)
596:.
579:)
533:(
521:(
510:(
408:.
326:.
298:)
284:)
270:)
256:)
241:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
