Near-field communication - Knowledge (XXG)

52: 5263: 1199: 976: 1122: 195: 1268:(HCE), for payments, loyalty programs, card access, transit passes and other custom services. HCE allows any Android 4.4 app to emulate an NFC smart card, letting users initiate transactions with their device. Apps can use a new Reader Mode to act as readers for HCE cards and other NFC-based transactions. 1303:

software uses NFC to enable pairing and establish a Bluetooth connection when doing a file transfer and then disabling Bluetooth on both devices upon completion. Nokia, Samsung, BlackBerry and Sony have used NFC technology to pair Bluetooth headsets, media players and speakers with one tap. The same

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The RF signal for the wireless data transfer can be picked up with antennas. The distance from which an attacker is able to eavesdrop the RF signal depends on multiple parameters, but is typically less than 10 meters. Also, eavesdropping is highly affected by the communication mode. A passive device

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The NFC Forum also facilitates a certification program, labeled as Test Release 13.1 (TR13.1), ensuring that products adhere to the WLC 2.0 specification. This certification aims to establish trust and consistency across NFC implementations, minimizing risks for manufacturers and providing assurance

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NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID (13.56 MHz ISO/IEC 18000-3) infrastructures. It requires comparatively low power, similar to the Bluetooth V4.0 low-energy protocol. However, when NFC works with an unpowered device (e.g. on a phone that may be turned off, a contactless smart credit

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NFC is standardized in ECMA-340 and ISO/IEC 18092. These standards specify the modulation schemes, coding, transfer speeds and frame format of the RF interface of NFC devices, as well as initialization schemes and conditions required for data collision-control during initialization for both passive

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Near-field communication (NFC) technology not only supports data transmission but also enables wireless charging, providing a dual-functionality that is particularly beneficial for small, portable devices. The NFC Forum has developed a specific wireless charging specification, known as NFC Wireless

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As of 2022, there are five major NFC apps available in the UK: Apple Pay, Google Pay, Samsung Pay, Barclays Contactless Mobile and Fitbit Pay. The UK Finance's UK Payment Markets Summary 2021 looked at Apple Pay, Google Pay and Samsung Pay and found 17.3 million UK adults had registered for mobile

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to advance the use of NFC wireless interaction in consumer electronics, mobile devices and PCs. Its specifications include the five distinct tag types that provide different communication speeds and capabilities covering flexibility, memory, security, data retention and write endurance. NFC Forum

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NFC tags contain data and are typically read-only, but may be writable. They can be custom-encoded by their manufacturers or use NFC Forum specifications. The tags can securely store personal data such as debit and credit card information, loyalty program data, PINs and networking contacts, among

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China Telecom (China's 3rd largest mobile operator) made its NFC rollout in November 2013. The company signed up multiple banks to make their payment apps available on its SIM Cards. China telecom stated that the wallet would support coupons, membership cards, fuel cards and boarding passes. The

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NFC tags are passive data stores which can be read, and under some circumstances written to, by an NFC device. They typically contain data (as of 2015 between 96 and 8,192 bytes) and are read-only in normal use, but may be rewritable. Applications include secure personal data storage (e.g.

551:, launches, with "Cityzi", the "Nice City of contactless mobile" project, the first in Europe to provide inhabitants with NFC bank cards and mobile phones (like Samsung Player One S5230), and a "bouquet of services" covering transportation (tramways and bus), tourism and student's services 2338: 1645:. With NFC, instead of performing manual configurations to identify devices, the connection between two NFC devices is automatically established in less than .1 second. The maximum data transfer rate of NFC (424 kbit/s) is slower than that of Bluetooth V2.1 (2.1 Mbit/s). 342:, which offers up to 15W of power over distances up to 4 cm, NFC WLC provides a lower power output but benefits from a significantly smaller antenna size. This makes NFC WLC an ideal solution for devices where space is at a premium and high power charging is less critical. 1648:

NFC's maximum working distance of less than 20 cm reduces the likelihood of unwanted interception, making it particularly suitable for crowded areas that complicate correlating a signal with its transmitting physical device (and by extension, its user).

1031:(also simply named F or NFC-F). NFC-enabled phones work at a basic level with existing readers. In "card emulation mode" an NFC device should transmit, at a minimum, a unique ID number to a reader. In addition, NFC Forum defined a common data format called 1778:, an Israeli company that designs and develops contactless microprocessor-based smart card technology, contracted to supply NFC-readers to one of its channel partners in the US. The partner was required to buy $ 10MM worth of OTI NFC readers over 3 years. 259:

has helped define and promote the technology, setting standards for certifying device compliance. Secure communications are available by applying encryption algorithms as is done for credit cards and if they fit the criteria for being considered a

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Charging (WLC), which allows devices to charge with up to 1W of power over distances of up to 2 cm. This capability is especially suitable for smaller devices like earbuds, wearables, and other compact Internet of Things (IoT) appliances.

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Working distance with compact standard antennas and realistic power levels could be up to about 20 cm (but practically speaking, working distances never exceed 10 cm). Note that because the pickup antenna may be quenched in an

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is a trade association representing nearly 800 mobile telephony operators and more than 200 product and service companies across 219 countries. Many of its members have led NFC trials and are preparing services for commercial launch.

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field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as unpowered tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards. NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered.

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technology (known as RFID) which allows compatible hardware to both supply power to and communicate with an otherwise unpowered and passive electronic tag using radio waves. This is used for identification, authentication and

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NFC sticker-based payments in Australia's Bankmecu and card issuer Cuscal completed an NFC payment sticker trial, enabling consumers to make contactless payments at Visa payWave terminals using a smart sticker stuck to their

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Softcard (formerly Isis Mobile Wallet), a joint venture from Verizon Wireless, AT&T and T-Mobile, focuses on in-store payments making use of NFC technology. After doing pilots in some regions, they launched across the

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are feasible. For this attack the adversary forwards the request of the reader to the victim and relays its answer to the reader in real time, pretending to be the owner of the victim's smart card. This is similar to a

759:); that minimises interference between such devices and any radio communications at the same frequency or with other NFC devices much beyond its intended range. NFC operates within the globally available and unlicensed 618:

October 2014: Dinube becomes the first non-card payment network to introduce NFC contactless payments natively on a mobile device, i.e. no need for an external case attached or NFC 'sticker' nor for a card. Based on

5051: 1088:, the venture was designed to usher in broad deployment of NFC technology, allowing their customers' NFC-enabled cell phones to function similarly to credit cards throughout the US. Following an agreement with—and 590:

Mobile Network Operator), partner on the UK's first nationwide NFC-enabled smartposter campaign. A dedicated mobile phone app is triggered when the NFC-enabled mobile phone comes into contact with the smartposter.

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Both initiator and target device communicate by alternately generating their own fields. A device stops transmitting in order to receive data from the other. This mode requires that both devices include power

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that doesn't generate its own RF field is much harder to eavesdrop on than an active device. An attacker can typically eavesdrop within 10 m of an active device and 1 m for passive devices.

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A patent licensing program for NFC is under deployment by France Brevets, a patent fund created in 2011. This program was under development by Via Licensing Corporation, an independent subsidiary of

296:, for example to read electronic tags or make payments when connected to an NFC-compliant system. These are standardized to NFC protocols, replacing proprietary technologies used by earlier systems. 2541: 4383: 3530: 4529: 3127: 1784:

launched virtual wallet Suretap to enable users to make payments with their phone in Canada in April 2014. Suretap users can load up gift cards and prepaid MasterCards from national retailers.

687:(UWB) another radio technology has been hailed as a future possible alternatives to NFC technology due to further distances of data transmission, as well as Bluetooth and wireless technology. 3399: 2777: 1681:

added further NFC support for PayPass for the Android and BlackBerry platforms, enabling PayPass users to make payments using their Android or BlackBerry smartphones. A partnership between

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promotes implementation and standardization of NFC technology to ensure interoperability between devices and services. As of January 2020, the NFC Forum had over 120 member companies.

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and Visa Inc. announced a partnership to enable NFC financial transactions using the "Swatch Bellamy" wristwatch. The system is currently online in Asia, through a partnership with

4350: 4023: 2264: 403:. The patent was originally held by Andrew White and Marc Borrett at Innovision Research and Technology. The device allowed data communication between two units in close proximity. 1946: 1741:

As of April 2011 hundreds of NFC trials had been conducted. Some firms moved to full-scale service deployments, spanning one or more countries. Multi-country deployments include

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scientists, in an effort to curb fraud and security breaches, develop an NFC-based mobile authentication security technology. This technology works on similar principles to

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chip, an NFC chip that contains data such as the Secure Element identifier (SEID) for secure transactions. This chip is commonly found in smartphones and other NFC devices.

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between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 centimetres (1.6 in) or less. NFC offers a low-speed connection through a simple setup that can be used for the

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other information. The NFC Forum defines five types of tags that provide different communication speeds and capabilities in terms of configurability, memory, security,

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operating system. Microsoft provides the "Wallet hub" in Windows Phone 8 for NFC payment, and can integrate multiple NFC payment services within a single application.

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to share files and documents. The advantage of using Wi-Fi Direct over Bluetooth is that it permits much faster data transfers, running up to 300 Mbit/s.

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air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an

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allows consumers to store credit card and store loyalty card information in a virtual wallet and then use an NFC-enabled device at terminals that also accept

1245:. NFC can be used to share small files such as contacts and for bootstrapping fast connections to share larger media such as photos, videos, and other files. 4410: 3521: 2537: 1801:

Application allowed users to link their prepaid Tim Card to the app, allowing payment by tapping the NFC-enabled device to a standard contactless terminal.

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card, a smart poster), the NFC power consumption is greater than that of Bluetooth V4.0 Low Energy, since illuminating the passive tag needs extra power.

1394:(RTD) 2.0 in 2015 to add integrity and authenticity for NFC Tags. This specification allows an NFC device to verify tag data and identify the tag author. 967:

code example demonstrates a relay attack using two stock commercial NFC devices. This attack can be implemented using only two NFC-enabled mobile phones.

5201: 4924: 3204: 799:, communicates by modulating the incident field. In this mode, the target device may draw its operating power from the initiator-provided magnetic field. 3046: 4195: 3008: 4492: 3955: 3123: 430: 1814:

Germany, Austria, Finland, New Zealand, Italy, Iran, Turkey and Greece trialed NFC ticketing systems for public transport. The Lithuanian capital of

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A partnership of Google and Equity Bank in Kenya introduced NFC payment systems for public transport in the Capital city Nairobi under the branding

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or stickers that can be programmed by NFC apps. These programs can allow a change of phone settings, texting, app launching, or command execution.

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Enables NFC-enabled devices such as smartphones to act like smart cards, allowing users to perform transactions such as payment or ticketing. See

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applied for the six fundamental patents of NFC, invented by the Austrian and French engineers Franz Amtmann and Philippe Maugars who received the

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Present and anticipated applications include contactless transactions, data exchange and simplified setup of more complex communications such as

3875: 5081: 4984:"Vilniaus miesto viešojo transporto elektroninis bilietas – Dažniausiai užduodami klausimai apie pokyčius viešojo transporto bilietų sistemoje" 4834: 4468: 3333: 2515: 5194: 5132: 2862: 2673: 2194: 1768:

launched the NFC-based Vodafone SmartPass mobile payment service in Spain in partnership with Visa. It enables consumers with an NFC-enabled

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group defined a platform for the deployment of GSMA NFC Standards within mobile handsets. GSMA's efforts include Trusted Services Manager,

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Kasper, Timo; Dario Carluccio; Christof Paar (May 2007). "An Embedded System for Practical Security Analysis of Contactless Smartcards".

4358: 4016: 2245: 3910: 3281: 2954: 2165: 1938: 363:. Similar ideas in advertising and industrial applications were not generally successful commercially, outpaced by technologies such as 4170: 2967:

NFC (2006-2010): The first mobile phone with NFC was the Nokia 6131 in 2006, but the 2010 Nokia C7-00 was the first smartphone with it.

5536: 4818: 3932: 1662: 1638:. NFC operates at slower speeds than Bluetooth and has a much shorter range, but consumes far less power and doesn't require pairing. 695:

NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a separation of 10 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56

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provides for software control of a universal radio. In this HCE Deployment the NFC protocol is leveraged without the GSMA standards.

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Such apps do not rely on a company or manufacturer, but can be utilized immediately with an NFC-equipped smartphone and an NFC tag.

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of 13.56 MHz. Most of the RF energy is concentrated in the ±7 kHz bandwidth allocated for that band, but the emission's

4581: 2888: 1975: 1418:. These are customizable figurines which contain personal data with each figure, so no two figures are exactly alike. Nintendo's 1414: 1391: 1110: 4749: 3304: 2486:"Apparatus for bidirectional data and unidirectional power transmission between master and slave units using inductive coupling" 2094: 4779: 3692: 1073:: Seeks to define a common global approach to using NFC technology to link mobile devices with payment and contactless systems. 4962: 4894: 4727: 322:. In addition, when one of the connected devices has Internet connectivity, the other can exchange data with online services. 5409: 5242: 4299: 1547: 924: 355: 273: 3247: 1161:, testing and certification and secure element. The GSMA standards surrounding the deployment of NFC protocols (governed by 983:

NFC standards cover communications protocols and data exchange formats, and are based on existing RFID standards including

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2012: Sony introduced NFC "Smart Tags" to change modes and profiles on a Sony smartphone at close range, included with the

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purchase by—Google, the Softcard payment system was shuttered in March, 2015, with an endorsement for its earlier rival,

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is a soccer ball that contains an NFC chip within. The chip enables users to interact with the ball using a smartphone.

1403: 5013: 4611: 4551: 4051: 2699: 1745:'s rollout of NFC technology to banks, retailers, transport, and service providers in multiple European countries, and 5433: 5097: 2824:

AIRTAG claims it's kit is the first, but Nokia and Turkish firm Alvin Systems are also known to have released NFC SDKs

2128: 174: 51: 3212: 3098: 2512:"Philips and Sony announce strategic cooperation to define next generation near field radio-frequency communications" 2215: 2837:"NFC Forum Announces Two New Specifications to Foster Device Interoperability and Peer-to-Peer Device Communication" 1067:

Standards: GSMA is developing certification and testing standards to ensure global interoperability of NFC services.

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Enables NFC-enabled devices to read information stored on inexpensive NFC tags embedded in labels or smart posters.

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2010: Innovision released a suite of designs and patents for low cost, mass-market mobile phones and other devices.

133: 5277: 5105:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4462. Workshop in Information Security Theory and Practices 2007, 4406: 4247: 2726:"NFC Forum Unveils Technology Architecture And Announces Initial Specifications And Mandatory Tag Format Support" 1882: 1333: 1157:

GSMA defined a platform for the deployment of GSMA NFC Standards within mobile handsets. GSMA's efforts include,

740: 643: 387: 339: 241:. NFC communicating in one or both directions uses a frequency of 13.56 MHz in the globally available unlicensed 128: 4932: 2811: 2411: 2068: 1040: 960: 4191: 3841: 3770: 3038: 927:(PINs), contacts). NFC tags can be custom-encoded by their manufacturers or use the industry specifications. 5526: 4670: 3963: 3617:"Investigation of using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System for Gear Tooth Crack Detection". 2014. 3016: 2980:"The Nokia NFC features an NFC embedded in it, meaning if activated, you'll be able to make mobile payments" 1336:, for sharing contacts, text messages and forums, links to photos, videos or files and entering multiplayer 1170: 788:

The communication takes place between an active "initiator" device and a target device which may either be:

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2011: Google I/O "How to NFC" demonstrates NFC to initiate a game and to share a contact, URL, app or video.

419: 284:. The standards include ISO/IEC 18092 and those defined by the NFC Forum. In addition to the NFC Forum, the 214: 155: 4500: 4325:"NFC Forum Brings Advanced Security to NFC Tags with Signature RTD 2.0 Technical Specification - NFC Forum" 5531: 5496: 3618: 1279:. With the introduction of iOS 11, Apple devices allow third-party developers to read data from NFC tags. 940: 828: 415: 167: 2618: 1165:) on mobile handsets are neither exclusive nor universally accepted. For example, Google's deployment of 1004:, including protocol activation and data-exchange methods. The air interface for NFC is standardized in: 680:

and Bank of Communications. The partnership will bring the technology to the US, Brazil, and Switzerland.

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Although the range of NFC is limited to a few centimeters, standard plain NFC is not protected against

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to consumers about the reliability and functionality of their NFC-enabled wireless charging devices.

335: 304: 293: 289: 234: 91: 81: 5077: 3817:"Ecma International: Standard ECMA-352, Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol–2 (NFCIP-2)" 2469:, Charles A. Walton, "Portable radio frequency emitting identifier", issued May 17, 1983 1422:

was the first console system to include NFC technology out of the box. It was later included in the

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payments could be made using NFC in cell phones. Initially known as Isis Mobile Wallet and later as

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NFC devices can be used in contactless payment systems, similar to those used in credit cards and

530:: First NFC-capable smartphone released. NFC feature was enabled by software update in early 2011. 5521: 5423: 5218: 5156: 4084: 3578:

Patauner, C.; Witschnig, H.; Rinner, D.; Maire, A.; Merlin, E.; Leitgeb, E. (24 September 2007).

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company planned to achieve targets of rolling out 40 NFC phone models and 30 Mn NFC SIMs by 2014.

1528: 1372:. NFC's short range and encryption support make it more suitable than less private RFID systems. 1130: 1001: 744: 724: 568: 300: 272:

NFC standards cover communications protocols and data exchange formats and are based on existing

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On November 17, 2010, after two years of discussions, AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile launched a

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Information Security Theory and Practices. Smart Cards, Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing Systems

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on 19 January 2009, then implemented for the first time in a metro network, by China Unicom in

5541: 5128: 4814: 4522:"MasterCard Bets On NFC: Releases PayPass Developer Toolkit For Android, BlackBerry Platforms" 1991: 1772:

in a mobile device to make contactless payments via their SmartPass credit balance at any POS.

1450: 1349: 1254: 1226: 1210: 1183:/ SCP (Smart Card Platform) to specify the interface between the SIM card and the NFC chipset. 874: 292:, testing/certification and secure element. NFC-enabled portable devices can be provided with 140: 71: 4552:"Visa and Samsung ink worldwide NFC deal, practically guarantees payWave on your Galaxy S IV" 3918: 3277: 2946: 2157: 1206:

NFC allows one- and two-way communication between endpoints, suitable for many applications.

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StoLPaN (Store Logistics and Payment with NFC) is a pan-European consortium supported by the

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Enables two NFC-enabled devices to communicate with each other to exchange information in an

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function was launched, a direct rival to Apple Pay, and its roll-out across the US commenced.

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devices support NFC using BlackBerry Tag on devices running BlackBerry OS 7.0 and greater.

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range (being built into the New Nintendo 3DS/XL and in a separately sold reader which uses

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by nearby metallic surfaces, the tags may require a minimum separation from such surfaces.

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NFC and Bluetooth are both relatively short-range communication technologies available on

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program. StoLPaN will examine the potential for NFC local wireless mobile communication.

5262: 3478: 3362: 5464: 4435: 4380:"Revealed: The Chip Inside The 2018 World Cup Ball is a Completely Unnecessary Gimmick" 1908: 1305: 1222: 1047:(SNEP) to the spec that allows sending and receiving messages between two NFC devices. 903: 756: 748: 720: 713: 684: 677: 628: 360: 226: 199: 118: 5510: 5438: 3984: 2538:"Philippe Maugars : le père français du NFC sacré inventeur européen de l'année" 1819: 1804: 1798: 1746: 1641:

NFC sets up more quickly than standard Bluetooth, but has a lower transfer rate than

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India was implementing NFC-based transactions in box offices for ticketing purposes.

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to transfer data. If an active device transfers data at 106 kbit/s, a modified

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payment (up 75% from the year before) and of those, 84% had made a mobile payment.

1214: 955: 775: 743:(radio waves) of that frequency (about 22 metres), the interaction is described as 548: 509: 106: 96: 5186: 4303: 3392:"Spanish supermarket chain Bonpreu rolls out mobile payments to 170 stores • NFCW" 1264:

4.4, Google introduced platform support for secure NFC-based transactions through

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2009: In January, NFC Forum released Peer-to-Peer standards to transfer contacts,

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The initiator device provides a carrier field and the target device, acting as a

5352: 3305:"Estas son las alternativas a Apple Pay que merece la pena que tengas en cuenta" 2256: 1918: 1857: 1794: 1409: 1337: 1313: 1145:

NFC Forum promotes NFC and certifies device compliance and whether it fits in a

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agreed to establish a technology specification and created a technical outline.

61: 4407:"NFC tech in official World Cup match ball draws fans even more into the games" 3763:"Practical Relay Attack on Contactless Transactions by Using NFC Mobile Phones" 2385: 1198: 939:

and can be vulnerable to data modifications. Applications may use higher-layer

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2007: Innovision's NFC tags used in the first consumer trial in the UK, in the

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Radio communication established between devices by bringing them into proximity

5443: 5427: 5419: 4582:"Windows Phone 8 to support multi-core CPUs, HD resolutions, SD cards and NFC" 4076: 4002: 3552: 2564:"Nokia, Philips and Sony established the Near Field Communication (NFC) Forum" 2363: 1727:

Apple now allows NFC tags to be read out as well as labeled using an NFC app.

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In 2011, handset vendors released more than 40 NFC-enabled handsets with the

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NFC Forum is a non-profit industry association formed on March 18, 2004, by

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smart cards, and allow mobile payment to replace/supplement these systems.

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is the main coupling factor and almost no power is radiated in the form of

3094: 991:. The standards include ISO/IEC 18092 and those defined by the NFC Forum. 454:

2005: Mobile phone experimentations in transports, with payment in May in

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air interface standard at data rates ranging from 106 to 848 kbit/s.

5324: 4991: 3911:"GSM Association Aims For Global Point Of Sale Purchases by Mobile Phone" 1913: 1769: 1765: 1716: 1427: 1085: 763: 655: 651: 650:(formerly ISIS mobile wallet). It runs on NFC-enabled Android phones and 647: 527: 245: 150: 17: 4865:"Italy: Telecom Italia and ATM to launch NFC ticketing service in Milan" 3893:"World's leading mobile operators announce commitment to NFC technology" 1291:

NFC offers a low-speed connection with simple setup that can be used to

4269:"NFC will catch on 'like wildfire' says Sundance festival game creator" 1872: 1862: 1833: 1815: 1808: 1690: 1682: 1435: 1381: 658:

when an external NFC case is attached. The technology was purchased by

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May 17, 1983: The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation "

368: 364: 4243: 2863:"Mobile and transit operators launch NFC payments system in Chongqing" 5345: 5319: 5114: 4750:"Germany: Transit Officials Enable Users to Tap or Scan in New Trial" 4694:"Tim Hortons launches NFC payments service using Host Card Emulation" 2415: 1877: 1724: 1439: 1309: 1028: 988: 782: 673: 659: 400: 281: 4780:"Austria: 'Rollout' Uses NFC Reader Mode To Sell Tickets and Snacks" 3895:(Press release). www.gsmworld.com. February 21, 2011. Archived from 3363:"Complete list of Registered Application Provider Identifiers (RID)" 2360:"Public platform independent Near Field Communication (NFC) library" 2072: 770:

can be as wide as 1.8 MHz in order to support high data rates.

3095:"NFC city pilot to go live in Nice on 21 May under 'Cityzi' banner" 5340: 5335: 5110: 4835:"Telecom New Zealand and Westpac test NFC with Auckland Transport" 3872:"Electronista Article: New NFC spec lets two phones swap messages" 3849: 3762: 2674:"Caen, la ville où l'on paye et s'informe en sortant son portable" 1903: 1898: 1197: 1138: 1120: 974: 781:

The ISO/IEC 18092 standard supports data rates of 106, 212 or 424

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principle can be applied to the configuration of Wi-Fi networks.

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range of accessories utilize NFC technology to unlock features.

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Every active NFC device can work in one or more of three modes:

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The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything

4133:"The 10 biggest changes Apple didn't announce on stage at WWDC" 3448:"Swatch Is Teaming With Visa To Offer Payments From Your Wrist" 3334:"Newcomer Dinube offers NFC-based alternative to payment cards" 194: 5303: 4641:"Airtel Africa to launch NFC services in 15 African countries" 1186: 696: 608: 31: 3486:

International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI)

3009:"Video: Google CEO talks Android, Gingerbread, and Chrome OS" 2752:"NFC Forum Publishes Specification For "SmartPoster" Records" 2700:"Télécoms – La révolution mobile sans contact arrive en 2008" 3522:"Everything You Need to Know About Near Field Communication" 2246:"The Role of the Trusted Service Manager in Mobile Commerce" 1818:

fully replaced paper tickets for public transportation with

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replacing or supplementing systems such as credit cards and

3728:"A practical relay attack on ISO/IEC 14443 proximity cards" 1978:. NFC Forum. Archived from the original on 22 December 2013 1035:(NDEF) that can store and transport items ranging from any 1023:

NFC incorporates a variety of existing standards including

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and Yucheng Transportation Card in the tramways and bus of

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controller and directly in the Nintendo Switch Lite). The

1275:

announced support for NFC-powered transactions as part of

735:. Because the distances involved are tiny compared to the 3553:"The Building Blocks of Contactless, Core Specifications" 2889:"China Unicom launches commercial NFC service in Beijing" 303:, and was terminated in May 2012. A platform-independent 3588: 3069:"Nice, première ville à passer au paiement sans contact" 2702:(in French). banquedesterritoires.fr. 21 December 2007. 2033: 4493:"New BlackBerry 7 for the new Torch, Curve, & Bold" 3124:"Orange to roll out NFC services across Europe in 2011" 2648:"A Hanau, le portable-ticket de bus joue au juste prix" 440:

2004: Nokia, Philips and Sony established the NFC Forum

3985:"NFC Applications and Business Model of the Ecosystem" 3933:"Momentum Builds Around GSMA's Pay-Buy Mobile Project" 3581:

High Speed RFID/NFC at the Frequency of 13.56 MHz

3421:"Android Pay, Google's Apple Pay Rival, Arrives Today" 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2334:

Public Transportation Smart Pass with NFC Card Project

1839:

January 2019 saw the start of trial using NFC-enabled

1312:—an extension of Android Beam that uses NFC (to share 1176:

Other standardization bodies involved in NFC include:

631:

upwards and commercial release commenced in June 2015.

604:

announce their partnership to develop mobile payments.

3887: 3885: 3661:"Eavesdropping Attacks on High-Frequency RFID Tokens" 1430:

to communicate to older 3DS family consoles) and the

3236:

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2947:"Android Authority's big book of smartphone firsts!" 2185: 2183: 1039:-typed object to ultra-short RTD-documents, such as 458:(Nokia) and as well validation aboard in October in 5473: 5452: 5397: 5381: 5312: 5270: 5225: 2216:"The Role of the Trusted Service Manager in Mobile" 4895:"Irancell demonstrates NFC payments and ticketing" 2804:"NFC Kit Launched to Spur Application Development" 2123: 2121: 1189:Co for the impacts on the EMV payment applications 4462:"NFC Based Equipment Management Inventory System" 3693:"Security in near field communication (NFC)]" 1017:Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-2 1010:Near Field Communication Interface and Protocol-1 2013:"Near Field Communications: a technology primer" 1996:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1737:List of applications of near-field communication 474:) with first reception of "Fly Tag" informations 3039:"Gingerbread feature: Near Field Communication" 2467:States4384288 United States Expired 4384288 2063: 2061: 2059: 1843:mobile phones to pay public transport fares in 877:is used with a modulation ratio of 10 percent. 4163:"What is NFC and how do mobile payments work?" 3666:. 4th Workshop on RFID Security (RFIDsec'08). 2810:. RFID Journal. 1 October 2008. Archived from 5202: 3278:"Two-factor security for mobile transactions" 2286: 2284: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1753:deploying to 15 countries throughout Africa. 480:2006: Specification for "SmartPoster" records 175: 8: 4813:. Perseus Books/Vanguard Press. p. 63. 4107:"NFC – What it is and what you need to know" 4070: 4068: 3515: 3513: 3248:"Sony's SmartTags could change phone habits" 2590:"RFID: Nokia NFC shell for Nokia 3220 Phone" 1723:to support NFC. and since September 2019 in 1380:NFC-equipped smartphones can be paired with 627:(AID), contactless payment was available on 393:1997: Early form patented and first used in 225:of capable wireless connections. Like other 5182:A summary video of near-field communication 4436:"Near Field Communication Versus Bluetooth" 4075:Pelly, Nick; Hamilton, Jeff (10 May 2011). 1693:' application on the Galaxy S4 smartphone. 1000:and active NFC modes. They also define the 5209: 5195: 5187: 3479:"NFC: Advantages, limits and future scope" 2566:. NFC Forum. 18 March 2004. Archived from 2152: 2150: 1939:"What is NFC? Everything you need to know" 1348:NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic 1063:GSM is involved with several initiatives: 494:launched what it called the first NFC SDK. 443:2004: Nokia launched NFC shell add-on for 237:present on a NFC-enabled device such as a 182: 168: 36: 5165:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5122: 4430: 4428: 3622: 3506:– via AIRCC Publishing Corporation. 3205:"RIM Scores MasterCard NFC Certification" 3118: 3116: 2676:(in French). 01net.com. 20 October 2005. 564:with the release of Symbian Anna version. 477:2006: Initial specifications for NFC Tags 425:December 8, 2003: NFC was approved as an 3721: 3719: 3691:Haselsteiner, Ernst; Breitfuß, Klemens. 3178:"Nokia releases Symbian Anna NFC update" 2386:"libnfc download page (current version)" 1700:added native NFC functionality in their 1460: 1229:smart cards. These are sometimes called 809: 662:and the service ended on March 31, 2015. 571:devices are the first ones certified by 2447:"Wireless Charging with NFC, NFC Forum" 1929: 1790:'s first workforce smart card uses NFC. 39: 5154: 4845:from the original on December 17, 2013 4790:from the original on December 22, 2013 3641: 3630: 2540:(in French). 01net.com. 12 June 2015. 2044:from the original on December 26, 2015 1989: 557:2011: NFC support becomes part of the 508:2009: NFC first used in transports by 4760:from the original on November 6, 2013 4730:from the original on 11 December 2011 4724:"Google Wallet — where it works" 4442:from the original on 20 November 2012 4382:. Footy Headlines. 13 November 2017. 3184:from the original on 13 December 2013 3071:(in French). 01net.com. 21 May 2010. 1352:found in passports and ID cards, and 7: 4955:"Athens Transport Tickets and Cards" 4875:from the original on January 8, 2014 4704:from the original on 16 October 2014 4673:from the original on 19 October 2014 3726:Hancke, Gerhard P. (February 2005). 3533:from the original on 7 December 2013 3284:from the original on 20 October 2014 3130:from the original on August 12, 2011 3097:(in French). nfcw.com. 14 May 2010. 2926:from the original on 14 January 2015 2784:from the original on 27 October 2015 2650:(in French). 01net.com. 2 May 2005. 2392:from the original on 8 December 2015 2226:from the original on 22 January 2022 2168:from the original on 12 January 2012 1536:was IEEE 802.15.1; now by SIG specs 1434:range (being built within the right 1080:to develop a platform through which 950:Because NFC devices usually include 4647:from the original on August 9, 2011 3211:. London: Dot Media. Archived from 3157:from the original on 3 January 2013 1202:N-Mark logo for NFC-enabled devices 466:and payment in shops in October in 4357:. 13 December 2007. Archived from 4246:. Phonesnews.com. 30 August 2011. 4198:from the original on 8 August 2012 3917:. 13 February 2007. Archived from 3258:from the original on July 22, 2013 3015:. 16 November 2010. Archived from 2957:from the original on 25 April 2020 2895:from the original on 9 August 2020 2518:from the original on 20 April 2013 1663:List of NFC-enabled mobile devices 1376:Smartphone automation and NFC tags 1209:NFC devices can act as electronic 597:Smartphone released the same year. 334:Compared to the more widely known 25: 4905:from the original on 7 April 2014 4413:from the original on 15 July 2018 4386:from the original on 12 June 2018 3446:Biggs, John (November 30, 2015). 3303:López, Juan Carlos (2014-12-11). 3203:Penfold, Andy (27 October 2011). 3101:from the original on 19 July 2020 3075:from the original on 28 July 2020 3049:from the original on 4 March 2016 2869:from the original on 3 March 2021 2706:from the original on 30 June 2020 2680:from the original on 27 June 2020 2654:from the original on 29 June 2020 2544:from the original on 29 June 2020 2514:. Sony Global. 5 September 2002. 2492:from the original on 4 March 2016 1937:Faulkner, Cameron (May 9, 2017). 313:GNU Lesser General Public License 5261: 4931:. April 30, 2012. Archived from 4643:. NFC World. February 14, 2011. 4331:from the original on 28 May 2015 4279:from the original on 23 May 2011 4143:from the original on 7 June 2017 3126:. NFC World. December 10, 2010. 2754:. 5 October 2006. Archived from 2312:from the original on 12 May 2019 1949:from the original on May 7, 2017 1392:Signature Record Type Definition 1111:Information Society Technologies 731:effectively forming an air-core 50: 5144:from the original on 2017-08-09 5084:from the original on 2017-06-20 5076:Ortiz, C. Enrique (June 2008). 5054:from the original on 2019-02-06 5024:from the original on 2013-02-11 5014:"India: NFC used for ticketing" 4965:from the original on 2021-04-14 4692:Rian Boden (13 December 2013). 4622:from the original on 2020-01-04 4592:from the original on 2013-09-02 4562:from the original on 2013-09-06 4532:from the original on 2013-02-03 4474:from the original on 2019-04-22 4300:"NFC Tag Ideas and Video Demos" 4273:Near Field Communications World 4250:from the original on 2019-04-22 4173:from the original on 2023-01-17 4113:from the original on 2021-12-17 4087:from the original on 2021-12-12 4054:from the original on 2014-03-02 4029:from the original on 2014-03-01 3939:. 25 April 2007. Archived from 3823:from the original on 2007-10-04 3798:from the original on 2019-11-02 3773:from the original on 2012-05-09 3734:from the original on 2012-09-12 3705:from the original on 2020-08-05 3673:from the original on 2016-03-04 3659:Hancke, Gerhard P (July 2008). 3598:from the original on 1 May 2011 3499:from the original on 2021-08-02 3402:from the original on 2021-04-29 3373:from the original on 2021-04-29 3344:from the original on 2021-10-23 3315:from the original on 2021-04-10 3227:"Orange—Quick Tap Treats" 3176:Clark, Sarah (18 August 2011). 2990:from the original on 2019-10-24 2629:from the original on 2021-03-08 2600:from the original on 2019-02-03 2341:from the original on 2023-01-17 2270:from the original on 2014-03-01 2197:from the original on 2014-02-23 2107:from the original on 2020-09-19 1628:< 15 mA (read and transmit) 1287:Bootstrapping other connections 943:to establish a secure channel. 925:personal identification numbers 5243:Common Language Infrastructure 3874:. October 2011. Archived from 3520:Nosowitz, Dan (1 March 2011). 2362:. 23 June 2014. Archived from 2011:Foresman, Chris (2011-02-09). 1548:Wireless personal area network 451:models, to be shipped in 2005. 356:radio-frequency identification 274:radio-frequency identification 229:technologies, NFC is based on 1: 5012:Nikita Upadhyay (June 2012). 4405:Stella, Rick (11 June 2018). 4351:"Access This Premium Content" 4220:. sony.com.au. Archived from 4194:. Android Developer Network. 2865:. nfcw.com. 19 January 2019. 2839:. 19 May 2009. Archived from 2728:. 5 June 2006. Archived from 1415:Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure 1308:devices have a feature named 1045:Simple NDEF Exchange Protocol 5124:10.1007/978-3-540-72354-7_13 4667:"Redirect to the right page" 4550:Murph, Darren (2013-02-25). 3477:Jain, Garima (August 2015). 2891:. nfcw.com. 5 January 2011. 2095:"Understanding Tokenization" 1404:List of gaming NFC platforms 1390:The NFC Forum published the 1153:Other standardization bodies 873:is used. In all other cases 4925:"Turkcell Wallet Transport" 3954:Welch, Chris (2015-03-05). 3149:Pelly, Nick (10 May 2011). 2945:Hindy, Joe (20 June 2019). 2914:Sarah Clark (4 June 2010). 2619:"Nokia's NFC phone history" 2414:. NFC Forum. Archived from 2292:"Mobile NFC Infrastructure" 2131:. NFC Forum. Archived from 2071:. NFC Forum. Archived from 1976:"NFC as Technology Enabler" 979:NFC protocol stack overview 586:and Everything Everywhere ( 326:NFC wireless charging (WLC) 276:(RFID) standards including 5558: 5373:Holographic Versatile Disc 4580:Fingas, Jon (2012-06-20). 4218:"Sony Australia One Touch" 4017:"Trusted Services Manager" 2129:"Technical Specifications" 1734: 1660: 1401: 1344:Identity and access tokens 1043:. The NFC Forum added the 861:NFC employs two different 852:Modified Miller, 100% ASK 613:dual-factor authentication 582:2012: UK restaurant chain 29: 5537:Mobile telecommunications 5494: 5278:Advanced Intelligent Tape 5259: 5042:Cowie, Tom (2019-02-06). 4131:Alex Hern (7 June 2017). 3767:Cryptology ePrint Archive 1883:Indoor positioning system 1671:mobile operating system. 1618: 1604: 1590: 1585: 1579: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1546: 1540: 1535: 1526: 1521: 1515: 1510: 1499: 1494: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1071:Pay-Buy-Mobile initiative 1015:ISO/IEC 21481 / ECMA-352— 1008:ISO/IEC 18092 / ECMA-340— 848: 837: 823: 818: 815: 812: 741:electromagnetic radiation 665:September 2015: Google's 433:standard and later as an 340:Wireless Power Consortium 311:, is available under the 5517:Near-field communication 5161:: CS1 maint: location ( 4961:(in Greek). 2011-06-26. 4809:Saylor, Michael (2012). 3761:Francis, Lishoy (2011). 3280:. IBM. 18 October 2013. 1793:As of December 13, 2013 1033:NFC Data Exchange Format 961:man-in-the-middle attack 207:Near-field communication 134:Municipal wireless (MWN) 30:Not to be confused with 3999:"NFC Forum Member Page" 3751:Timo Kasper et al. 2007 1027:Type A and Type B, and 941:cryptographic protocols 562:mobile operating system 420:European Inventor Award 215:communication protocols 156:Interplanetary Internet 5497:List of Ecma standards 5226:Application interfaces 3640:Cite journal requires 2623:Microsoft Devices Blog 2331:Eskil, Hacı Süleyman. 1822:cards on July 1, 2013. 1271:On September 9, 2014, 1203: 1126: 1057:GSM Association (GSMA) 980: 625:application identifier 416:Philips Semiconductors 203: 5453:Radio link interfaces 5398:Programming languages 5363:Ultra Density Optical 4756:. February 11, 2011. 1782:Rogers Communications 1751:Oberthur Technologies 1516:Standardisation body 1473:Bluetooth Low Energy 1408:NFC has been used in 1201: 1147:personal area network 1125:Logo of the NFC Forum 1124: 978: 723:technology, NFC uses 716:and write endurance. 262:personal area network 248:, compliant with the 235:electromagnetic coils 197: 5368:Universal Media Disc 3254:. January 16, 2012. 3045:. 21 December 2010. 2843:on 27 September 2011 2780:. 28 November 2007. 2758:on 27 September 2011 2732:on 27 September 2011 2191:"GSMA NFC Standards" 1820:ISO/IEC 14443 Type A 1643:Bluetooth low energy 1619:Current consumption 1457:Bluetooth comparison 1332:NFC can be used for 1297:wireless connections 1159:Single Wire Protocol 855:Manchester, 10% ASK 844:Manchester, 10% ASK 841:Manchester, 10% ASK 833:Manchester, 10% ASK 575:Worldwide for their 520:on 31 December 2010. 336:Qi wireless charging 305:free and open source 294:application software 290:Single Wire Protocol 5313:File systems (disk) 5271:File systems (tape) 5117:. pp. 150–60. 4988:Vilnieciokortele.lt 4935:on October 17, 2013 4901:. 13 January 2012. 4355:www.rfidjournal.com 3591:. Vienna, Austria. 3427:. 10 September 2015 3215:on 20 October 2014. 1894:Object hyperlinking 1845:Victoria, Australia 1533:ISO/IEC 13157 etc. 1478:Tag requires power 1266:Host Card Emulation 1219:contactless payment 1217:. They are used in 1167:Host Card Emulation 1107:European Commission 889:Host card emulation 727:between two nearby 621:Host card emulation 399:character toys for 5219:Ecma International 4871:. April 24, 2009. 4841:. April 30, 2012. 4409:. Digital Trends. 4224:on 5 November 2013 4192:"Android 4.1 APIs" 3899:on April 25, 2011. 3852:on 23 January 2012 3559:. 12 February 2024 2222:. April 29, 2018. 2034:"Home - NFC Forum" 1809:MasterCard PayPass 1719:was released from 1625:Varies with class 1622:< 15 mA (read) 1350:identity documents 1221:systems and allow 1211:identity documents 1204: 1131:NXP Semiconductors 1127: 1002:transport protocol 981: 884:NFC card emulation 725:inductive coupling 600:2013: Samsung and 569:Research In Motion 301:Dolby Laboratories 231:inductive coupling 204: 129:Metropolitan (MAN) 5504: 5503: 5134:978-3-540-72353-0 4786:. March 1, 2011. 4327:. 16 April 2015. 4275:. 20 March 2011. 3819:. December 2003. 3794:. December 2004. 3338:Mobile World Live 3233:on 10 March 2012. 3019:on 4 October 2013 2951:Android Authority 2263:. December 2013. 2069:"About the Forum" 1708:, as well as the 1632: 1631: 1586:2.4–2.5 GHz 1572:≈100 m (class 1) 1451:Adidas Telstar 18 1334:social networking 1328:Social networking 1255:electronic ticket 1227:electronic ticket 893:NFC reader/writer 875:Manchester coding 869:with 100 percent 859: 858: 747:. An alternating 386:" was granted to 354:NFC is rooted in 192: 191: 16:(Redirected from 5549: 5499:(1961 – present) 5298:Linear Tape-Open 5265: 5233:ANSI escape code 5211: 5204: 5197: 5188: 5170: 5160: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5143: 5126: 5104: 5092: 5090: 5089: 5063: 5062: 5060: 5059: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5018:Financialexpress 5009: 5003: 5002: 5000: 4999: 4990:. 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Archived from 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3803: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3778: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3739: 3723: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3704: 3697: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3678: 3672: 3665: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3628: 3626: 3624:10.1.1.1011.4228 3614: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3597: 3586: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3517: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3498: 3483: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3454:. Archived from 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3407: 3388: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3349: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3244: 3238: 3234: 3229:. Archived from 3223: 3217: 3216: 3209:Mobile Marketing 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3120: 3111: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2995: 2984:Know Your Mobile 2976: 2970: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2920:www.nfcworld.com 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2814:on 28 April 2021 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2778:"Nokia 6131 NFC" 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2605: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2488:. 26 June 1997. 2482: 2476: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2443: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2346: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2311: 2305:. 30 July 2012. 2299:Digital Commerce 2296: 2288: 2279: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2269: 2253:Digital Commerce 2250: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2202: 2187: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2154: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2135:on 4 August 2012 2125: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2065: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2021: 2020: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1995: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1972: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1934: 1868:Device-to-device 1597:2.1 Mbit/s 1594:424 kbit/s 1569:< 20 cm 1461: 1320:) and then uses 966: 899:NFC peer-to-peer 827:Manchester, 10% 810: 406:March 25, 2002: 338:standard by the 310: 184: 177: 170: 67:Near-field (NFC) 54: 41:Computer network 37: 21: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5546: 5507: 5506: 5505: 5500: 5490: 5469: 5448: 5393: 5377: 5308: 5266: 5257: 5248:Office Open XML 5221: 5215: 5178: 5173: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5085: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5057: 5055: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5027: 5025: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4997: 4995: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4968: 4966: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4938: 4936: 4923: 4922: 4918: 4908: 4906: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4821: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4748: 4747: 4743: 4733: 4731: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4639: 4638: 4634: 4625: 4623: 4609: 4608: 4604: 4595: 4593: 4579: 4578: 4574: 4565: 4563: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4535: 4533: 4520: 4519: 4515: 4506: 4504: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4416: 4414: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4364: 4362: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4309: 4307: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4253: 4251: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4225: 4216: 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4176: 4174: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4130: 4129: 4125: 4116: 4114: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4090: 4088: 4081:Google I/O 2011 4074: 4073: 4066: 4057: 4055: 4046: 4045: 4041: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4019: 4015: 4014: 4010: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3969: 3967: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3937:GSM Association 3931: 3930: 3926: 3915:GSM Association 3909: 3908: 3904: 3891: 3890: 3883: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3842:"NFC-forum.org" 3840: 3839: 3835: 3826: 3824: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3801: 3799: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3776: 3774: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3737: 3735: 3725: 3724: 3717: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3639: 3629: 3616: 3615: 3611: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3584: 3577: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3519: 3518: 3511: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3461: 3459: 3458:on July 4, 2017 3445: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3403: 3390: 3389: 3385: 3376: 3374: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3347: 3345: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3318: 3316: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3261: 3259: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3122: 3121: 3114: 3104: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3043:Android Central 3037: 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2993: 2991: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2960: 2958: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2916:"InnovisionNFC" 2913: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2817: 2815: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2632: 2630: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2603: 2601: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2570:on 28 June 2011 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2510: 2509: 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For example, 1289: 1251: 1241:abbreviated as 1196: 1155: 1119: 1103: 1053: 997: 973: 964: 933: 921:loyalty program 819:Passive device 813:Speed (kbit/s) 761:radio frequency 701:ISO/IEC 18000-3 693: 672:November 2015: 544:NFC phone shown 352: 328: 308: 270: 250:ISO/IEC 18000-3 243:radio frequency 188: 97:Wireless (WLAN) 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5555: 5553: 5545: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5527:Ecma standards 5524: 5519: 5509: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5467: 5462: 5456: 5454: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5391: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5328: 5325:CD File System 5322: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5177: 5176:External links 5174: 5172: 5171: 5133: 5093: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5064: 5034: 5004: 4975: 4946: 4916: 4886: 4856: 4826: 4820:978-1593157203 4819: 4801: 4771: 4741: 4715: 4684: 4658: 4632: 4602: 4572: 4542: 4528:. 2012-09-17. 4513: 4484: 4453: 4424: 4397: 4371: 4342: 4316: 4290: 4260: 4235: 4209: 4183: 4154: 4123: 4098: 4064: 4039: 4008: 4005:on 2019-10-10. 3990: 3976: 3946: 3943:on 2007-08-28. 3924: 3921:on 2011-10-05. 3902: 3881: 3878:on 2012-05-12. 3863: 3833: 3808: 3783: 3753: 3744: 3715: 3683: 3651: 3642:|journal= 3609: 3570: 3544: 3509: 3469: 3438: 3412: 3398:. 2015-06-23. 3383: 3354: 3340:. 2015-06-18. 3325: 3311:(in Spanish). 3295: 3269: 3239: 3218: 3195: 3168: 3141: 3112: 3086: 3060: 3030: 3000: 2986:. 2010-10-21. 2971: 2937: 2906: 2880: 2854: 2828: 2795: 2769: 2743: 2717: 2691: 2665: 2639: 2625:. 2012-04-11. 2610: 2581: 2555: 2529: 2503: 2477: 2458: 2429: 2412:"What is NFC?" 2403: 2377: 2351: 2323: 2280: 2237: 2207: 2179: 2146: 2117: 2086: 2075:on 11 May 2012 2055: 2025: 2015:. Ars Technica 2003: 1960: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1909:Smart keychain 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1886: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1812: 1802: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1763: 1759: 1735:Main article: 1732: 1729: 1661:Main article: 1658: 1655: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1602: 1601: 1600:1 Mbit/s 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1558:Not with RFID 1556: 1552: 1551: 1545: 1542: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1524: 1523: 1522:Bluetooth SIG 1520: 1517: 1513: 1512: 1509: 1504: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1458: 1455: 1447: 1444: 1412:starting with 1402:Main article: 1399: 1396: 1377: 1374: 1362:transit passes 1345: 1342: 1329: 1326: 1306:Samsung Galaxy 1288: 1285: 1250: 1247: 1223:mobile payment 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1171:Android KitKat 1154: 1151: 1118: 1115: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1074: 1068: 1052: 1049: 1021: 1020: 1013: 996: 993: 972: 969: 932: 929: 908: 907: 900: 897: 894: 891: 885: 857: 856: 853: 850: 846: 845: 842: 839: 835: 834: 831: 825: 821: 820: 817: 816:Active device 814: 808: 807: 803: 800: 793: 768:spectral width 757:electric field 749:magnetic field 721:proximity card 714:data retention 692: 689: 685:Ultra-wideband 682: 681: 678:China UnionPay 670: 663: 632: 629:Android KitKat 616: 605: 598: 591: 580: 565: 555: 552: 547:May 21, 2010: 545: 531: 524: 521: 506: 495: 488: 481: 478: 475: 452: 441: 438: 423: 404: 391: 388:Charles Walton 351: 348: 327: 324: 269: 266: 227:proximity card 213:) is a set of 200:Secure Element 190: 189: 187: 186: 179: 172: 164: 161: 160: 159: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 137: 136: 126: 121: 116: 111: 110: 109: 104: 102:Virtual (VLAN) 99: 94: 84: 79: 77:Personal (PAN) 74: 69: 64: 56: 55: 47: 46: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5554: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5532:ISO standards 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5498: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5451: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5439:Minimal BASIC 5437: 5435: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5332: 5329: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5217:Standards of 5212: 5207: 5205: 5200: 5198: 5193: 5192: 5189: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5175: 5168: 5164: 5158: 5140: 5136: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5100: 5094: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5035: 5023: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5005: 4994:on 2013-08-16 4993: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4920: 4917: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4857: 4849:September 20, 4844: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4802: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4729: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4688: 4685: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4610:Cook, James. 4606: 4603: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4573: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4546: 4543: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4514: 4503:on 2013-12-17 4502: 4498: 4494: 4488: 4485: 4470: 4463: 4457: 4454: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4412: 4408: 4401: 4398: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4361:on 2016-07-30 4360: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4343: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4317: 4306:on 2013-06-28 4305: 4301: 4294: 4291: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4249: 4245: 4244:"August 2011" 4239: 4236: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4184: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4158: 4155: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4124: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4069: 4065: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3966:on 2016-04-04 3965: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3867: 3864: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3784: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3754: 3748: 3745: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3701: 3694: 3687: 3684: 3669: 3662: 3655: 3652: 3647: 3634: 3625: 3620: 3613: 3610: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3582: 3574: 3571: 3558: 3557:nfc-forum.org 3554: 3548: 3545: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3523: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3470: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3439: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3296: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3196: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3169: 3156: 3152: 3145: 3142: 3129: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3113: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3074: 3070: 3064: 3061: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3031: 3018: 3014: 3013:Computerworld 3010: 3004: 3001: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2941: 2938: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2907: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2842: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2731: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2468: 2462: 2459: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2327: 2324: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2196: 2192: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2134: 2130: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2103: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2074: 2070: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2029: 2026: 2014: 2007: 2004: 1999: 1993: 1977: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1933: 1930: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1811:transactions. 1810: 1806: 1805:Google Wallet 1803: 1800: 1799:BlackBerry 10 1796: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1747:Airtel Africa 1744: 1738: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1636:mobile phones 1627: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614:< 0.006 s 1613: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1557: 1555:Cryptography 1553: 1549: 1543: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1525: 1518: 1514: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1480: 1476: 1462: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:Wii U GamePad 1417: 1416: 1411: 1405: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1370:access badges 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1295:more capable 1294: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1258: 1256: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1200: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1150: 1148: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1095: 1094:Google Wallet 1091: 1087: 1083: 1082:point of sale 1079: 1078:joint venture 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1025:ISO/IEC 14443 1018: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1003: 994: 992: 990: 986: 985:ISO/IEC 14443 977: 970: 968: 962: 957: 956:relay attacks 953: 952:ISO/IEC 14443 948: 944: 942: 938: 937:eavesdropping 930: 928: 926: 922: 919:information, 918: 914: 905: 901: 898: 895: 892: 890: 886: 883: 882: 881: 878: 876: 872: 868: 867:Miller coding 864: 854: 851: 847: 843: 840: 836: 832: 830: 826: 822: 811: 804: 801: 798: 794: 791: 790: 789: 786: 784: 779: 777: 771: 769: 765: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 729:loop antennas 726: 722: 717: 715: 709: 706: 702: 698: 690: 688: 686: 679: 675: 671: 668: 664: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 630: 626: 623:with its own 622: 617: 614: 610: 606: 603: 599: 596: 595:Sony Xperia P 592: 589: 585: 581: 578: 574: 570: 566: 563: 560: 556: 553: 550: 546: 543: 539: 536: 532: 529: 525: 522: 519: 515: 511: 507: 504: 500: 496: 493: 489: 486: 482: 479: 476: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 450: 446: 442: 439: 436: 432: 428: 424: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 402: 398: 397: 392: 389: 385: 381: 380: 379: 377: 374: 370: 366: 362: 357: 349: 347: 343: 341: 337: 332: 325: 323: 321: 316: 314: 307:NFC library, 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 278:ISO/IEC 14443 275: 268:NFC standards 267: 265: 263: 258: 253: 251: 247: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223:bootstrapping 220: 219:communication 217:that enables 216: 212: 208: 201: 196: 185: 180: 178: 173: 171: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 154: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 135: 132: 131: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 92:Storage (SAN) 90: 89: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 59: 58: 57: 53: 49: 48: 42: 38: 33: 19: 5459: 5389:Universal 3D 5146:. 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