1392:
3366:
958:
1066:
654:
3355:
3361:
525:
154:
3372:
133:
787:
614:
554:
1046:
1197:
3395:
446:
1300:
810:. They declined to name the specimen because, although it is completely articulated, almost all of the bones shattered when the fossil slabs were split, so that only the silhouettes of these bones are clear in most of the part and counterpart. This obscured diagnostic skeletal features, which made the specimen's genus uncertain. They noted that it was similar in some respects to
1278:
1491:
931:
987:
581:, though they admitted that they were not in a completely natural position. Gong's reassessment also claimed that certain undescribed specimens had fully articulated teeth showing a similar length. However, these grooved teeth are not direct evidence of venom, as non-venomous species of animals (such as
857:
was based on anatomical misinterpretations. As the two specimens were "identical in all character states" used in his phylogenetic analysis, were from similar stratigraphic levels and "uniquely share the presence of a triangular coracoid with a large, oval foramen", Senter concluded that NGMC 91 does
576:
In the same journal issue, Gong and his team submitted a reassessment of the 2009 study, casting doubt on their findings. They admitted that grooved teeth were common among theropods (though they suggested they were really only prevalent among feathered maniraptorans), and hypothesized that venom may
572:
was venomous. They noted that grooved teeth are not unique to this genus, and in fact grooved teeth are found in many other theropods, including other dromaeosaurids. They also demonstrated that the teeth were not abnormally long as Gong and his team claimed, but rather had come out of their sockets,
544:
dinosaur. Gong and colleagues noted that the unusually long and fang-like mid-jaw (maxillary) teeth had prominent grooves running down the outer surface, towards the rear of the tooth, a feature seen only in venomous animals. They also interpreted a cavity in the jaw bone just above these teeth as
549:
may have specialized in hunting small prey such as birds, using its long fangs to penetrate feathers and envenomate and stun the prey, like a modern snake. They also suggested that the short, slightly forward-pointing teeth at the tip of the jaw could have been used to strip feathers from birds.
2124:
Chatterjee, S., and R. J. Templin. 2004. Feathered coelurosaurs from China: new light on the arboreal origin of avian flight. In: Feathered dragons (P. J. Currie, E. B. Koppelhus, M. A. Shugar, and J. L. Wright, eds.), pp. 251-281. Indiana
University Press, Bloomington,
498:
may have had feathers which varied in color significantly across different regions of the body, based on analysis of microscopic cell structures in preserved fossils. Based on the rod and spherical melanosomes found in some samples, scientists have interpreted that
573:
a preservational artifact common in crushed and flattened fossils. Finally, they could not independently verify the presence of supposed chambers for venom glands cited by Gong's team, finding only the normal sinuses of the skull.
814:, and they suggested that the differences between the two could have been due to age. Ji, along with another team of scientists, further emphasized this similarity in a 2002 paper, in which they formally referred the specimen to
577:
have been a primitive trait for all archosaurs if not all reptiles, which was retained in certain lineages. They also disputed the claim that the teeth were significantly out of their sockets in the holotype specimen of
464:
from the same geological deposits. The body (contour) feathers were generally between 3–4.5 cm long and included two types: the first type are formed of several filaments joined into "tufts", similar to modern
1451:
639:, while Longrich & Currie 2009 have expressed that it was probably too heavy to fly, though it is worth to note that this latter study was published before the formal description of
846:. Subsequent studies, also by Senter, have continued to show support for this finding despite the fact that some data used in the original study was later found to be flawed.
3546:
2213:
460:
have preserved impressions of feathers both covering the entirety of the body and forming the wings. These feathers were indistinguishable in form from those found on
487:) that flight feathers have, which allow the flight feathers to form a continuous vane. Some scientists have suggested that the feathers might have allowed
3516:
865:
The same conclusion was also reached independently from Senter by Turner, Makovicky and Norell (2012). According to these authors, NGMC 91 shares several
2548:
1721:"A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids"
3475:
412:, dated to 124.5 million years ago. Additional specimens have been found in the younger Dawangzhangzi bed, dating to around 122 million years ago.
1465:
The NGMC 91 specimen is in the collection of the
National Geological Museum of China. It was collected in Fanzhangzi quarry, near Lingyuan City,
2351:
Senter, Phil; Barsbold, R.; Britt, Brooks B.; Burnham, David B. (2004). "Systematics and evolution of
Dromaeosauridae (Dinosauria, Theropoda)".
437:
was among the smallest dromaeosaurids, with the holotype measuring 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) long and weighing 3–5 kilograms (6.6–11.0 lb).
3541:
2318:
Ji Q., Norell, M.A., Gao K.Q., Ji S.-A. and Ren, D. (2001). "The distribution of integumentary structures in a feathered dinosaur." "Nature",
2293:
780:
2303:
1831:
1695:
1641:
Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiao-Lin; Wu, Xiao-Chun (1999). "A dromaeosaurid dinosaur with a filamentous integument from the Yixian
Formation of China".
798:
An incredibly well-preserved microraptorian nicknamed "Dave" (specimen NGMC 91), was first described in a paper published in the journal
2222:
1847:
Zhang, Fucheng; Kearns, Stuart L.; Orr, Patrick J.; Benton, Michael J.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Johnson, Diane; Xu, Xing; Wang, Xiaolin (2010).
3388:
1978:
Gianechini, F.A.; AgnolĂn, F.L.; Ezcurra, M.D. (2010). "A reassessment of the purported venom delivery system of the bird-like raptor
1535:
747:
in features of the skull and hips. However, according to Turner, Makovicky and Norell (2012) the supposed distinguishing features of
2332:
Ji, Q.; Ji, S.-A.; Yuan, C.-X.; Ji, X.-X. (2002). "Restudy on a small dromaeosaurid dinosaur with feathers over its entire body".
2194:
Liu, J., Ji, S., Tang, F. & Gao, C. (2004). "A new species of dromaeosaurids from the Yixian
Formation of western Liaoning".
1469:. This location is part of the Dawangzhangzi fossil beds, which have been dated to about 122 million years ago, during the early
1396:
3365:
481:
feathers. However, unlike the wing feathers of flying birds, they did not have the secondary branches with tiny little hooks (
3536:
1406:
was discovered by Xu Xing, Wang
Xiaolin and Wu Xiaochun of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of
431:. Together these two facts demonstrate that the earliest dromaeosaurs were more like birds than the later dromaeosaurs were.
3354:
153:
2448:"New Dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the Evolution of the Dromaeosaurid Tail"
568:
However, in 2010, another team of scientists led by
Federico Gianechini published a paper casting doubts on the claim that
545:
the possible site for the soft-tissue venom gland. Gong and colleagues suggested that these unique features indicated that
2541:
1391:
625:
was capable of gliding has been presented several times, due to its close relation to flying or gliding dromaeosaurs like
3371:
3531:
2407:"Using creation science to demonstrate evolution 2: morphological continuity within Dinosauria (supporting information)"
3360:
2056:
712:
specimen NGMC 91 were found in younger strata dating to about 122 million years ago. The presence of vaned feathers on
1450:
was the first dromaeosaurid discovered with feathers. The holotype specimen is IVPP V12811, in the collection of the
658:
635:
as grouping within dinosaurs with aerodynamic potential for aerial locomotion, an opinion latter also expressed by
2519:
3526:
2645:
2534:
273:
1720:
2074:
Schmitz, L.; Motani, R. (2011). "Nocturnality in
Dinosaurs Inferred from Scleral Ring and Orbit Morphology".
3415:
3521:
3488:
3398:
2207:
1213:
3453:
957:
1065:
3462:
2699:
2459:
2148:
2083:
1863:
1769:
1650:
1571:
842:. In a 2004 analysis, Phil Senter and colleagues found that it was, in fact, more closely related to
807:
285:
3116:
1509:
1504:
1422:; the same incredibly rich location where four dinosaurs with feathers were discovered previously,
1019:
653:
419:
and performed a phylogenetic analysis which demonstrated that it is basal, or primitive, among the
398:
369:
277:
281:
2853:
2672:
2387:
2271:
2107:
2038:
1999:
1887:
1793:
1735:
1666:
1587:
704:, which makes it among the earliest and most primitive dromaeosaurids yet discovered. Fossils of
148:
2446:
Senter, P.; Kirkland, J. I.; Deblieux, D. D.; Madsen, S.; Toth, N. (2012). Dodson, Peter (ed.).
822:
and colleagues considered the specimen to represent an example of their newly described species
3493:
524:
3313:
3204:
3140:
3036:
2829:
2487:
2428:
2299:
2176:
2099:
1936:
1879:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1785:
1701:
1691:
1466:
1424:
1415:
803:
693:
132:
404:
discovered by 1999. The original specimen was collected from the
Sihetun locality of western
3237:
3183:
3043:
2477:
2467:
2418:
2379:
2263:
2255:
2219:
2166:
2156:
2091:
2030:
1991:
1926:
1918:
1907:"Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research"
1871:
1777:
1658:
1621:
1579:
1496:
1419:
1041:
882:
878:
849:
However, in a 2011 publication Senter stated that a personal examination of the holotype of
409:
390:
382:
41:
2370:
Senter, P. (2007). "A new look at the phylogeny of
Coelurosauria (Dinosauria: Theropoda)".
786:
613:
3297:
3151:
3054:
2767:
2745:
2711:
2630:
2557:
2289:
2226:
1430:
1061:
1045:
1006:
911:
828:
819:
776:
768:
701:
669:
237:
2137:"A microraptorine (Dinosauria–Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of North America"
1954:
2463:
2152:
2087:
1867:
1773:
1654:
1575:
1196:
2955:
2482:
2447:
2171:
2136:
1931:
1906:
594:
553:
423:. He has also demonstrated that features of the skull and shoulder are very similar to
1610:"Evolutionary radiation of the Jehol Biota: chronological and ecological perspectives"
1556:
3510:
3276:
3190:
3082:
3067:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2982:
2917:
2910:
2839:
2423:
2042:
1891:
1442:
1272:
1134:
1096:
641:
372:
361:
253:
83:
2391:
2298:. Princeton field guides (3rd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
2275:
2111:
2003:
1739:
469:. The second type, including those on the arms, were composed of rows of filaments (
3335:
3246:
3167:
3160:
3125:
3104:
3089:
3028:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2871:
2818:
2803:
2017:
Gong, E.; Martin, L.D.; Burnham, D.A.; Falk, A.R. (2010). "Evidence for a venomous
1905:
Roy, Arindam; Pittman, Michael; Saitta, Evan T.; Kaye, Thomas G.; Xu, Xing (2020).
1797:
1670:
1591:
1529:
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1110:
953:
835:
732:
697:
636:
466:
293:
2504:
2472:
3447:
3290:
3268:
3219:
3175:
3132:
3097:
3075:
3014:
2925:
2860:
2684:
1555:
Swisher, Carl C.; Wang, Yuan-qing; Wang, Xiao-lin; Xu, Xing; Wang, Yuan (1999).
1515:
1436:
1190:
1165:
717:
678:
627:
420:
58:
1299:
445:
3283:
3260:
3212:
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2034:
1995:
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684:
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379:
211:
103:
68:
3438:
2406:
1848:
1705:
3321:
3253:
2948:
2940:
2846:
2657:
2605:
2161:
2095:
2060:
1522:
1475:
866:
673:
386:
224:
165:
108:
52:
45:
2491:
2432:
2180:
2103:
1940:
1883:
1789:
1277:
1966:
1756:
Xu, X.; Zhou, Z.; Prum, R.O. (2001). "Branched integumental structures in
3432:
3305:
3226:
3197:
2971:
2781:
2581:
1849:"Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds"
676:
dinosaurs with a distinctive sickle-shaped toe claw, which also includes
564:
had venom due to some dentitional similarities to modern venomous snakes.
540:
skull, and noted several features suggesting it was the first-identified
536:
In 2009, a team of scientists led by Empu Gong examined a well-preserved
529:
405:
375:
198:
185:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
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930:
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3328:
2614:
1455:
1407:
890:
482:
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428:
113:
88:
17:
1922:
838:
studies did not support the idea that NGMC 91 was a close relative of
2903:
2795:
2575:
2267:
1781:
1685:
1470:
1411:
981:
582:
508:
401:
175:
3409:
2243:
1626:
1609:
818:, though they considered the exact species questionable. Meanwhile,
2526:
2259:
1662:
1583:
1459:
1390:
986:
785:
652:
612:
552:
541:
523:
504:
444:
394:
365:
2242:
Alan Hamilton Turner, Peter J. Makovicky and Mark Norell (2012).
3467:
897:. The authors concluded that NGMC 91 was a subadult specimen of
853:
led him to conclude that his earlier separation of NGMC 91 from
478:
3413:
2568:
2530:
1557:"Cretaceous age for the feathered dinosaurs of Liaoning, China"
2244:"A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny"
889:. On the other hand, it does possess a posteriorly bifurcated
601:
and modern birds and reptiles indicate that it may have been
1953:
Gong, E., L.D. Martin, D.E. Burnham, and A.R. Falk. (2009).
743:
in 2004 based on a new specimen, D2140, which differed from
1818:
Planet Dinosaur : The Next Generation of Killer Giants
1452:
Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
645:, a larger microraptorine with evident flight capacities.
605:, active throughout the day and night at short intervals.
491:
to glide for short distances after leaping from trees.
336:
323:
300:
3422:
3236:
3150:
3115:
3053:
2981:
2870:
2828:
2765:
2710:
2683:
2656:
2629:
739:("Hao's Chinese bird-lizard") was described by Liu
2248:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
2237:
2235:
1815:
2507:Student Science. 12 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 May 2015.
2353:Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History
2141:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1963:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
881:that are three to four times the length of the
716:is consistent with feather evidence from other
477:), making them similar in structure to modern
408:. It was found in the Jianshangou beds of the
2542:
1809:
1807:
1414:with feather impressions, was recovered from
557:Some palaeontologists have hypothesized that
8:
2520:"Dinosaur fossil yields feathery structures"
2212:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1751:
1749:
1690:. Princeton University Press. p. 147.
617:Referred specimen, Hong Kong Science Museum
3410:
3059:
2773:
2762:
2689:
2662:
2635:
2626:
2565:
2549:
2535:
2527:
1603:
1601:
731:("millennium Chinese bird-lizard") is the
131:
31:
2481:
2471:
2422:
2170:
2160:
1930:
1625:
360:(derived from a combination of Latin and
1395:The holotype specimen on display at the
877:; however, as it "lacks elongate middle
3547:Multispecific non-avian dinosaur genera
1967:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912360107
1547:
832:), based on supposed wing proportions.
735:, described in 1999. A second species,
2295:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
2205:
1687:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
781:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
364:, meaning 'Chinese bird-lizard') is a
2135:Longrich, N.R.; Currie, P.J. (2009).
826:(now usually considered a synonym of
7:
631:. Chatterjee and Templin 2004 found
2372:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1247:
1182:
1157:
1150:
1126:
1102:
1034:
1012:
1002:
973:
946:
917:
907:
759:specimens"; the authors considered
3517:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia
1536:Timeline of dromaeosaurid research
657:NGMC 91, nicknamed "Dave", at the
25:
1479:is also preserved near the foot.
143:fossil, Hong Kong Science Museum
3394:
3393:
3370:
3364:
3359:
3353:
2424:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x
1719:Xu, Xing; Qin, Zi-Chuan (2017).
1489:
1298:
1276:
1195:
1064:
1044:
985:
956:
929:
755:or variable among the number of
585:) have similarly grooved teeth.
152:
2411:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
2057:"Re: Venom in Sinornithosaurus"
1397:Paleozoological Museum of China
1:
3542:Fossil taxa described in 1999
1760:and the origin of feathers".
769:new informal combination name
473:) joined along a main shaft (
397:. It was the fifth non–avian
346:Liu, Ji, Tang & Gao, 2004
2473:10.1371/journal.pone.0036790
2196:Geological Bulletin of China
2023:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
1984:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
1473:age. A specimen of the fish
885:", it cannot be referred to
790:Skeletal reconstructions of
494:A 2010 study indicated that
2518:Wang, L. (March 10, 2001).
893:, which is an apomorphy of
668:was a member of the family
3563:
763:to be a junior synonym of
659:Geological Museum of China
27:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
3383:
3351:
3062:
2776:
2761:
2742:
2692:
2665:
2638:
2625:
2564:
2384:10.1017/S1477201907002143
2035:10.1007/s12542-010-0076-7
1996:10.1007/s12542-010-0074-9
1822:. Firefly Books. p.
1684:Paul, Gregory S. (2016).
1291:
1269:
1252:
1245:
1210:
1187:
1180:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1131:
1124:
1107:
1100:
1059:
1039:
1032:
1017:
1010:
1000:
978:
971:
951:
944:
922:
915:
875:Sinornithosaurus millenii
860:Sinornithosaurus millenii
812:Sinornithosaurus millenii
753:Sinornithosaurus millenii
320:
315:
305:Sinornithosaurus millenii
299:
292:
149:Scientific classification
147:
139:
130:
34:
779:in the third edition of
700:of the Early Cretaceous
593:Comparisons between the
332:Xu, Wang, & Wu, 1999
310:Xu, Wang, & Wu, 1999
2334:Earth Science Frontiers
2162:10.1073/pnas.0811664106
2096:10.1126/science.1200043
1387:Discovery and specimens
751:"are either present in
449:Artist's impression of
1814:Naish, Darren (2012).
1728:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
1400:
858:belong to the species
795:
662:
618:
565:
533:
520:Possible venomous bite
453:
3537:Taxa named by Xu Xing
3489:Paleobiology Database
2405:Senter, Phil (2011).
1410:. An almost-complete
1394:
1214:Microraptor zhaoianus
871:Microraptor zhaoianus
789:
727:have been described.
656:
621:The possibility that
616:
556:
527:
448:
1955:The birdlike raptor
672:, a group of agile,
3532:Feathered dinosaurs
3117:Saurornitholestinae
2464:2012PLoSO...736790S
2153:2009PNAS..106.5002L
2088:2011Sci...332..705S
1876:10.1038/nature08740
1868:2010Natur.463.1075Z
1862:(7284): 1075–1078.
1774:2001Natur.410..200X
1655:1999Natur.401..262X
1576:1999Natur.400...58S
1510:Feathered dinosaurs
1505:Dinosaur coloration
1020:Saurornitholestinae
2322:(6832) 1084-1087.
2225:2007-09-28 at the
1911:Biological Reviews
1614:Geological Journal
1401:
904:Cladogram (2012):
824:Cryptovolans pauli
806:and colleagues in
796:
663:
619:
566:
534:
454:
415:Xu Xing described
399:feathered dinosaur
3504:
3503:
3416:Taxon identifiers
3407:
3406:
3379:
3378:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3314:Saurornitholestes
3205:Saurornitholestes
3141:Saurornitholestes
2830:Halszkaraptorinae
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2417:(10): 2197–2216.
2305:978-0-691-23157-0
2147:(13): 5002–5007.
1923:10.1111/brv.12552
1833:978-1-77085-049-1
1768:(6825): 200–204.
1697:978-1-78684-190-2
1649:(6750): 262–266.
1608:Zhou, Z. (2006).
1467:Liaoning Province
1425:Protarchaeopteryx
1416:Liaoning Province
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
708:and the possible
696:in the Barremian
694:million years ago
353:
352:
347:
333:
288:
16:(Redirected from
3554:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3454:Sinornithosaurus
3443:
3442:
3441:
3424:Sinornithosaurus
3411:
3397:
3396:
3374:
3368:
3363:
3357:
3238:Velociraptorinae
3184:Dromaeosauroides
3060:
3044:Zhongjianosaurus
3022:Sinornithosaurus
2774:
2763:
2690:
2663:
2636:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2566:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2523:
2503:Ornes, Stephen.
2496:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2426:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2290:Paul, Gregory S.
2286:
2280:
2279:
2239:
2230:
2217:
2211:
2203:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2059:. Archived from
2053:
2047:
2046:
2019:Sinornithosaurus
2014:
2008:
2007:
1980:Sinornithosaurus
1975:
1969:
1957:Sinornithosaurus
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1821:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1782:10.1038/35065589
1758:Sinornithosaurus
1753:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1620:(3–4): 377–393.
1605:
1596:
1595:
1561:
1552:
1499:
1497:Dinosaurs portal
1494:
1493:
1492:
1448:Sinornithosaurus
1420:Yixian Formation
1418:, China, in the
1404:Sinornithosaurus
1302:
1295:Sinornithosaurus
1280:
1248:
1199:
1183:
1158:
1151:
1127:
1103:
1068:
1048:
1042:Velociraptorinae
1035:
1013:
1003:
989:
974:
960:
947:
933:
918:
908:
895:Sinornithosaurus
883:dorsal vertebrae
816:Sinornithosaurus
757:Sinornithosaurus
725:Sinornithosaurus
714:Sinornithosaurus
710:Sinornithosaurus
692:lived about 125
666:Sinornithosaurus
623:Sinornithosaurus
599:Sinornithosaurus
589:Circadian rhythm
579:Sinornithosaurus
570:Sinornithosaurus
559:Sinornithosaurus
547:Sinornithosaurus
538:Sinornithosaurus
501:Sinornithosaurus
496:Sinornithosaurus
489:Sinornithosaurus
458:Sinornithosaurus
435:Sinornithosaurus
417:Sinornithosaurus
410:Yixian Formation
391:Yixian Formation
357:Sinornithosaurus
345:
338:
331:
325:
302:
272:
268:Sinornithosaurus
265:
252:
236:
157:
156:
135:
125:
55:
42:Early Cretaceous
40:Temporal range:
36:Sinornithosaurus
32:
21:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3527:Microraptorians
3507:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3474:
3466:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3418:
3408:
3403:
3375:
3341:
3298:Luanchuanraptor
3232:
3152:Dromaeosaurinae
3146:
3111:
3055:Eudromaeosauria
3049:
2977:
2866:
2824:
2770:
2768:Dromaeosauridae
2749:
2746:Dromaeosauridae
2726:
2712:Dromaeosauridae
2706:
2679:
2652:
2646:Avemetatarsalia
2631:Avemetatarsalia
2621:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2558:Dromaeosauridae
2555:
2522:. Science News.
2517:
2514:
2500:
2499:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2227:Wayback Machine
2204:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2082:(6030): 705–8.
2073:
2072:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1952:
1948:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1698:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1627:10.1002/gj.1045
1607:
1606:
1599:
1570:(6739): 58–61.
1559:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1431:Sinosauropteryx
1389:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1235:
1226:
1087:
1078:
1062:Dromaeosaurinae
1007:Eudromaeosauria
912:Dromaeosauridae
829:Microraptor gui
820:Stephen Czerkas
777:Gregory S. Paul
767:. In 2024, the
723:Two species of
670:Dromaeosauridae
651:
611:
591:
522:
517:
443:
393:in what is now
378:from the early
311:
308:
271:
263:
250:
238:Dromaeosauridae
234:
151:
126:
124:
123:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
51:124.6–122
50:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3560:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3485:
3472:
3459:
3444:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3265:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:Unquillosaurus
2952:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2833:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2807:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2639:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2513:
2512:External links
2510:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2438:
2397:
2378:(4): 429–463.
2362:
2343:
2324:
2311:
2304:
2281:
2231:
2186:
2127:
2117:
2066:
2063:on 2011-11-10.
2048:
2009:
1970:
1946:
1897:
1839:
1832:
1803:
1745:
1734:(2): 129–144.
1711:
1696:
1676:
1633:
1597:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1484:
1481:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
977:
972:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
950:
945:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
921:
916:
914:
906:
775:was coined by
771:"Jeholraptor"
650:
649:Classification
647:
610:
609:Flight/gliding
607:
590:
587:
521:
518:
516:
513:
442:
439:
351:
350:
349:
348:
334:
318:
317:
313:
312:
309:
297:
296:
290:
289:
261:
257:
256:
248:
241:
240:
232:
228:
227:
222:
215:
214:
209:
202:
201:
196:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
145:
144:
137:
136:
128:
127:
119:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3559:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3400:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3373:
3369:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3277:Kansaignathus
3274:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:Dromaeosaurus
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3083:Dineobellator
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:Hesperonychus
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:Graciliraptor
2997:
2995:
2994:
2993:Changyuraptor
2990:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:Microraptoria
2980:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:Ornithodesmus
2915:
2913:
2912:
2911:Neuquenraptor
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:Halszkaraptor
2837:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2458:(5): e36790.
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:10.1206/748.1
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2202:(8): 778–783.
2201:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1663:10.1038/45769
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:10.1038/21872
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1443:Beipiaosaurus
1439:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1273:Graciliraptor
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:Hesperonychus
1129:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:Microraptoria
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
993:
990:
988:
984:
983:
976:
975:
969:
968:
965:
964:
961:
959:
955:
949:
948:
942:
941:
938:
937:
934:
932:
928:
927:
920:
919:
913:
910:
909:
905:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
861:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
793:
788:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:
681:
680:
675:
671:
667:
660:
655:
648:
646:
644:
643:
642:Changyuraptor
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
615:
608:
606:
604:
600:
596:
595:scleral rings
588:
586:
584:
580:
574:
571:
563:
560:
555:
551:
548:
543:
539:
531:
526:
519:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
497:
492:
490:
486:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:down feathers
463:
459:
456:Specimens of
452:
447:
440:
438:
436:
432:
430:
426:
425:Archaeopteryx
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:dromaeosaurid
371:
367:
363:
359:
358:
343:
342:
335:
330:
329:
322:
321:
319:
314:
307:
306:
298:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
269:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:Microraptoria
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3522:Yixian fauna
3423:
3358:
3336:Velociraptor
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3252:
3247:Acheroraptor
3245:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3174:
3168:Dakotaraptor
3166:
3161:Achillobator
3159:
3139:
3131:
3126:Atrociraptor
3124:
3105:Zhenyuanlong
3103:
3096:
3090:Tianyuraptor
3088:
3081:
3074:
3066:
3042:
3035:
3029:Tianyuraptor
3027:
3021:
3020:
3013:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2896:Dakotaraptor
2894:
2889:Buitreraptor
2887:
2882:Austroraptor
2880:
2872:Unenlagiinae
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2819:Zhenyuanlong
2817:
2809:
2804:Tianyuraptor
2802:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2744:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2505:"Dino-bite!"
2455:
2451:
2441:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2294:
2284:
2251:
2247:
2208:cite journal
2199:
2195:
2189:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2061:the original
2051:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1959:was venomous
1956:
1949:
1917:(1): 22–50.
1914:
1910:
1900:
1859:
1855:
1842:
1817:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1731:
1727:
1714:
1686:
1679:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1617:
1613:
1567:
1563:
1550:
1530:Velociraptor
1528:
1521:
1514:
1474:
1464:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1403:
1402:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1271:
1270:
1256:Cryptovolans
1254:
1253:
1212:
1211:
1189:
1188:
1164:
1163:
1133:
1132:
1111:Tianyuraptor
1109:
1108:
1060:
1040:
1018:
980:
979:
954:Unenlagiinae
952:
924:
923:
903:
898:
894:
887:M. zhaoianus
886:
874:
870:
864:
859:
854:
850:
848:
843:
839:
836:Phylogenetic
834:
827:
823:
815:
811:
799:
797:
791:
772:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:type species
728:
724:
722:
718:dromaeosaurs
713:
709:
705:
689:
683:
677:
665:
664:
640:
637:Darren Naish
632:
626:
622:
620:
598:
592:
578:
575:
569:
567:
561:
558:
546:
537:
535:
528:Cast of the
515:Paleobiology
500:
495:
493:
488:
483:
474:
470:
457:
455:
450:
434:
433:
424:
421:dromaeosaurs
416:
414:
356:
355:
354:
340:
339:
327:
326:
304:
303:
294:Type species
267:
266:
244:
218:
205:
192:
140:
35:
29:
3448:Wikispecies
3291:Linheraptor
3269:Deinonychus
3220:Yurgovuchia
3176:Deinonychus
3133:Bambiraptor
3098:Vectiraptor
3076:Bambiraptor
3015:Microraptor
2926:Pamparaptor
2861:Natovenator
2700:Maniraptora
2685:Maniraptora
2340:(3): 57–63.
2029:: 109–111.
1990:: 103–107.
1516:Microraptor
1437:Caudipteryx
1191:Microraptor
1166:Microraptor
899:S. millenii
867:apomorphies
855:S. millenii
851:S. millenii
844:Microraptor
840:S. millenii
794:and NGMC 91
792:S. millenii
765:S. millenii
745:S. millenii
729:S. millenii
690:S. millenii
679:Deinonychus
633:S. millenii
628:Microraptor
451:S. millenii
441:Description
328:S. millenii
141:S. millenii
3511:Categories
3387:See also:
3261:Boreonykus
3213:Utahraptor
2964:Variraptor
2933:Pyroraptor
2811:Variraptor
2789:Pyroraptor
2721:see below↓
2597:Dinosauria
2588:Sauropsida
1542:References
926:Xiaotingia
869:with both
761:S. haoiana
749:S. haoiana
737:S. haoiana
706:S. haoiana
685:Utahraptor
603:cathemeral
511:feathers.
427:and other
380:Cretaceous
341:S. haoiana
212:Saurischia
199:Dinosauria
3254:Adasaurus
2949:Unenlagia
2941:Rahonavis
2847:Hulsanpes
2673:Theropoda
2658:Theropoda
2606:Theropoda
2574:Kingdom:
2268:2246/6352
2254:: 1–206.
2043:129716572
1892:205219587
1706:985402380
1523:Rahonavis
1476:Lycoptera
674:predatory
389:) of the
387:Barremian
370:feathered
225:Theropoda
172:Kingdom:
166:Eukaryota
46:Barremian
3433:Wikidata
3399:Category
3389:Timeline
3306:Nuthetes
3227:Zapsalis
3198:Itemirus
2972:Ypupiara
2854:Mahakala
2782:Daurlong
2582:Chordata
2580:Phylum:
2576:Animalia
2492:22615813
2452:PLOS ONE
2433:21726330
2392:83726237
2292:(2024).
2276:83572446
2223:Archived
2220:abstract
2181:19289829
2112:33253407
2104:21493820
2004:84259940
1941:31538399
1884:20107440
1790:11242078
1740:44178386
1483:See also
804:Ji Qiang
562:millenii
542:venomous
530:holotype
484:barbules
429:avialans
406:Liaoning
376:dinosaur
316:Species
231:Family:
186:Chordata
182:Phylum:
176:Animalia
162:Domain:
3481:4822942
3468:4433563
3439:Q131267
3329:Tsaagan
2615:Paraves
2586:Class:
2483:3352940
2460:Bibcode
2359:: 1–20.
2172:2664043
2149:Bibcode
2084:Bibcode
2076:Science
1932:7004074
1864:Bibcode
1798:4426803
1770:Bibcode
1671:4430574
1651:Bibcode
1592:4424629
1572:Bibcode
1456:Beijing
1408:Beijing
891:dentary
879:caudals
773:haoiana
583:baboons
260:Genus:
120:↓
18:NGMC 91
3068:Balaur
3037:Wulong
2904:Diuqin
2796:Shanag
2490:
2480:
2431:
2390:
2302:
2274:
2179:
2169:
2110:
2102:
2041:
2002:
1939:
1929:
1890:
1882:
1856:Nature
1830:
1796:
1788:
1762:Nature
1738:
1704:
1694:
1669:
1643:Nature
1590:
1564:Nature
1471:Aptian
1440:, and
1412:fossil
982:Shanag
800:Nature
741:et al.
702:period
532:fossil
509:rufous
475:rachis
385:(late
383:Period
280:&
3494:68204
2611:Clade
2602:Clade
2593:Clade
2388:S2CID
2272:S2CID
2108:S2CID
2039:S2CID
2000:S2CID
1888:S2CID
1852:(PDF)
1794:S2CID
1736:S2CID
1724:(PDF)
1667:S2CID
1588:S2CID
1560:(PDF)
1460:China
505:black
471:barbs
462:birds
402:genus
395:China
366:genus
362:Greek
245:Clade
219:Clade
206:Clade
193:Clade
3476:GBIF
3322:Shri
3284:Kuru
2698:see
2671:see
2644:see
2488:PMID
2429:PMID
2300:ISBN
2214:link
2177:PMID
2100:PMID
1937:PMID
1880:PMID
1828:ISBN
1786:PMID
1702:OCLC
1692:ISBN
873:and
808:2001
682:and
507:and
503:had
479:bird
286:1999
278:Wang
59:Preęž’
3463:EoL
2478:PMC
2468:doi
2419:doi
2380:doi
2320:410
2264:hdl
2256:doi
2252:371
2167:PMC
2157:doi
2145:106
2125:IN.
2092:doi
2080:332
2031:doi
2021:".
1992:doi
1982:".
1927:PMC
1919:doi
1872:doi
1860:463
1824:192
1778:doi
1766:410
1659:doi
1647:401
1622:doi
1580:doi
1568:400
1454:in
1193:gui
1168:sp.
802:by
698:age
597:of
368:of
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282:Wu
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