279:
34,706 citizens of the Soviet Union, and 460 foreign citizens had been received. While 40,244 detainees were deported to the Soviet Union, 45,635 were released, 786 were shot and 43,035 died. 6,680 Germans were turned over to POW camps, 128 inmates managed to escape. 14,202 German detainees were handed over to the East German
Ministry of the Interior. A critical examination of the data by Natalja Jeske concluded that approximately 30,000 more Germans were detained in the special camps than officially acknowledged. The official number of deaths is nonetheless considered to be accurate. Older estimates, according to which 65,000 to 130,000 or between 50,000 and 80,000 interned persons had died, are too high. Most people died from starvation and diseases. The death rate was particularly high from the end of 1946 to early 1947, when the already low food rations had been reduced further. The food rations for detainees did not differ significantly from the food rations in the Soviet occupation zone in general, but the prisoners were cut off from the black market.
866:
By June 1950 over 3,000 had been condemned to various additional prison sentences. Many of the convicted had already spent over four years interned in the special camps, and more than half were emaciated and sick. The
Waldheim trials introduced the vigorous use of the judicial system as an instrument of political repression of all dissident elements in the GDR. Many of these sentences were revised in 1952. Before the hand-over, a number of inmates were deported to
45:
694:. While immediately after the Soviet occupation of that zone some people detained west of the Oder-Neisse line were transferred to Landsberg east of that line, inmates from camps east of the line who had not been deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor were transferred to camps west of the line following the Potsdam agreement.
865:
in Saxony and handed down previously prepared and overly long sentences. The trials often lasted only a few minutes, and took place behind closed doors. The judges refused to admit evidence for the accused. The sentences were based on the original NKVD arrest protocols, which often involved torture.
522:
According to records from the Soviet archives by early May 1945 215,540 persons were interned by the Red Army on the territory of present-day Poland: 138,200 Germans, 36,660 Poles,27,880 USSR citizens and 10,800 from other countries. Amongst the 215,540 detained 148,540 were sent to the USSR, 62,000
126:
The NKVD Main Camp
Administration (GULAG) controlled the special camps from Moscow. All of the camp commanders were senior Soviet military officers. and the camps were laid out to GULAG camp specifications just as in Siberia or Central Asia. The camps, however, were not slave labor camps attached to
278:
The total number of detainees and deaths is uncertain. In 1990 the Soviet
Ministry for the Interior released numbers, which were based upon a collection of data compiled after the dissolution of the camps by the last head of its administration in 1950. According to these numbers, 122,671 Germans,
226:
The Soviet authorities enforced a policy of total isolation of the inmates. A decree of 27 July 1945 reads: "The primary purpose of the special camp is the total isolation of the contingent therein and the prevention of flights", and prohibits all mail and visitors. Another decree of 25 July 1946
235:
No inmate could contact a relative, nor the other way around (with some exceptions in the early stage of the camps). Relatives were not able to retrieve any information and were not even informed of inmate deaths. Exceptions were not made. In one case, the chief of special camp No. 8 asked the
159:
organizations, people maintaining "illegal" print and broadcasting devices or weapon deposits, members of the civil administration, and journalists. This was the same type of NKVD order for administrative arrest and deportation to Gulag camps in the Soviet Union used extensively by the Soviet
506:
and others transferred to the NKVD special camps in occupied
Germany after May 1945. These temporary prisons and camps were set up according to the same Beria-doctrine as their counterparts west of the Oder-Neisse line. Almost the complete male German population remaining east of
290:. Six thousand of the captives in Sachsenhausen were German officers sent there from Western Allied camps. The major causes of death of the prisoners were starvation, disease, particularly tuberculosis and dysentery or torture and execution. Their health was completely neglected.
697:
While the abovementioned camps and prisons were all listed in attachment 1 to the Beria-doctrine 00461, signed by Beria's substitute
Tshernyshow, there were other camps not included in this list. Already on 15 December 1944, Beria had reported to Stalin and Molotov that
178:
in early 1945, two thirds in late 1945, and less than half after
February 1946. Of the "sentenced", 25% were members of the Nazi Party in 1945, 20% in 1946, 15% in 1947, just above 10% in 1948, and less than 10% since 1949. A significant actual prosecution of
127:
factories or collective farms. On the contrary, prisoners were not allowed to work. Strictly speaking they were not death camps such as the Nazi annihilation camps in Poland, but the death rate nevertheless was very high due to malnourishment and disease.
118:, who tried the remaining detainees. Officially, 157,837 people were detained, including 122,671 Germans and 35,166 citizens of other nations, at least 43,035 of whom did not survive. The actual number of German prisoners was about 30,000 higher.
247:, whether people arrested in their summer clothes were allowed to request winter clothes from their relatives, and pointed out that the situation was very urgent and that some of the inmates did not even have shoes. Sviridov forbade contact.
114:
to respond with a moderate propaganda campaign of their own admitting and defending the camps' existence. No inmates were released before 1948. On
January 6, 1950, the camps were handed over to the
885:
1816:
von Plato, Alexander (1999). "Sowjetische
Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes". In Reif-Spirek, Peter; et al. (eds.).
1762:
von Plato, Alexander (1999). "Sowjetische
Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes". In Reif-Spirek, Peter; et al. (eds.).
1732:
von Plato, Alexander (1999). "Sowjetische Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes". In Reif-Spirek, Peter; et al. (eds.).
1682:
von Plato, Alexander (1999). "Sowjetische Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes". In Reif-Spirek, Peter; et al. (eds.).
231:
are to be isolated from the society by special measures, they are not to be legally charged, and in contrast to the usual procedure in legal cases, their cases are not to be documented.
1293:... werden nach Sonderregelungen von der Gesellschaft isoliert, sie werden nicht angeklagt, und über sie werden keine Gerichtsakten, wie in der Strafprozeßordnung vorgesehen, angelegt.
171:
on 30 October 1946 made a trial prior to internment obligatory, yet in November 1946 only 10% of the inmates were "sentenced", this proportion rose to 55% in early 1950.
2006:
1175:
Justiz und Diktatur: Justizverwaltung und politische Strafjustiz in Thüringen 1945-1961 : Veröffentlichungen zur SBZ-/DDR -Forschung im Institut für Zeitgeschichte
1097:
Justiz und Diktatur: Justizverwaltung und politische Strafjustiz in Thüringen 1945-1961 : Veröffentlichungen zur SBZ-/DDR -Forschung im Institut für Zeitgeschichte
1991:
270:). Among the released were primarily people whose arrest was based on a suspected Nazi background, which was found to be of low significance by the commission.
250:
In late 1947 the inmates were allowed limited access to Communist newspapers, which represented their first contact with the outside world since their arrests.
1198:
1996:
503:
263:
88:
299:
84:
1390:
1929:
720:
Additional NKVD camps in Poland, which were likewise not listed in the Beria-doctrine 00461, are known from Polish sources. These camps included
502:, Slovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. The Soviet forces detained German civilians in the regions they conquered in early 1945. Some were sent for
1911:
1858:
1459:
1124:
1057:
890:
499:
835:
ordered the handing over to the East German Ministry of Internal Affairs of 10,513 inmates for further detention and of 3,500 for trial.
820:
259:
211:
191:
1941:
1425:
1897:
1883:
1825:
1771:
1741:
1716:
1691:
1613:
1540:
1510:
1480:
1360:
1336:
1316:
1288:
1265:
1245:
1182:
1151:
1104:
1084:
1017:
997:
977:
936:
828:
1010:
Instrumentalisierung, Verdrängung, Aufarbeitung: die sowjetischen Speziallager in der gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung 1945 bis heute
473:
451:
436:
425:
287:
199:
361:
194:, which the Soviet authorities sought to suppress, particularly from 1946. When the Social Democratic Party was merged into the
2036:
1954:
1986:
831:. The East German republic was officially founded on 7 October 1949. On 6 January 1950, Soviet Minister of Internal Affairs
2031:
879:
215:
1206:
1934:
2001:
832:
824:
195:
115:
95:. Because the camp inmates were permitted no contact with the outside world, the special camps were also known as
1981:
242:
1408:
Sowjetische Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes
1374:
Sowjetische Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes
1349:
Sowjetische Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes
1033:
Sowjetische Speziallager in Deutschland 1945 bis 1950: Ergebnisse eines deutsch-russischen Kooperationsprojektes
218:
dealing with "anti-Soviet activities". In the Bautzen special camp, 66% of the inmates fell into this category.
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
468:
324:
164:
110:
The Soviet occupation authorities did not admit to the existence of the camps until the Western press led the
431:
393:
373:
356:
610:
459:
413:
338:
329:
316:
53:
1385:
378:
691:
206:
dominance in the party. Also, people were interned as "spies" because they were suspected of opposing the
168:
690:
A couple of weeks after the war had come to an end, the prisoners were subsequently transferred to the
203:
258:
A first 27,749 were released mid-1948 after a revision of 43,853 cases by a joint commission of SMAD,
237:
839:
31:
17:
342:
384:
1430:
568:
398:
305:
574:
446:
227:
confirmed the "total isolation from the outside world" as a primary purpose, and further reads:
844:
735:
1907:
1893:
1879:
1872:
1854:
1821:
1767:
1737:
1712:
1687:
1609:
1536:
1506:
1500:
1476:
1455:
1356:
1332:
1312:
1284:
1261:
1241:
1178:
1147:
1120:
1100:
1080:
1053:
1013:
993:
973:
932:
816:
147:-order No. 00315 of 18 April 1945, ordering the internment without prior investigation by the
812:
753:
644:
580:
417:
163:
Inmates were classified "sentenced" or "interned" depending on whether they were tried by a
38:
498:
Numerous prisons and filtration camps were set prior to May 1945, in an area that is today
1394:
862:
850:
180:
148:
144:
100:
64:
556:
388:
1965:
463:
187:
members: About 10,000 internees were youths and children, half of whom did not return.
183:
by the SMT did not take place. Among the alleged Nazis were also boys suspected to be
1975:
684:
633:
207:
535:
717:
These were all the people holding German citizenship remaining in these countries.
111:
76:
30:"NKVD special camp" redirects here. For other camps known under the same name, see
1707:
Kirsten, Holm (2005). Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora (ed.).
1604:
Kirsten, Holm (2005). Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora (ed.).
1471:
Kirsten, Holm (2005). Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora (ed.).
1199:"Die Lüge vom Werwolf. Warum Tausende Jugendliche in sowjetischen Lagern landeten"
730:
724:
599:
589:
530:
650:
627:
486:
In addition, numerous prisons were either directly assigned to or seized by the
320:
1924:
1876:
The Russians in Germany. A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949
1533:
Against Their Will: The History and Geography of Forced Migrations in the USSR
1397:. Potsdam: Brandenburgische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1997, p. 9.
1387:
Speziallager des NKWD. Sowjetische Internierungslager in Brandenburg 1945–1950
858:
823:
decided on 28 September 1949 to hand the camps over to the authorities of the
785:
775:
748:
710:
615:
421:
333:
283:
175:
1329:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
1309:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
1281:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
1258:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
1238:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
1144:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
1077:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
990:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
970:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
929:
Vom spurlosen Verschwindenlassen zur Benachrichtigungspflicht bei Festnahmen
765:
562:
526:
As of 10 May 1945, there were NKVD camps in what is today Poland and Russia
408:
140:
780:
551:
540:
515:, numbering several tens of thousands, was arrested as "Hitlerites" by the
44:
27:
Post–World War II internment camps in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany
796:
790:
759:
744:
681:
639:
1502:
Der Verlust: Die Vertreibung der Deutschen und Polen im 20. Jahrhundert
867:
770:
703:
604:
404:
367:
184:
80:
52:
mark the small mass graves where 7,000 of the dead from the Buchenwald
160:
security services where the victims had absolutely no legal recourse.
1966:
Survivors, academics recall dark episode in Germany's postwar history
673:
661:
621:
545:
512:
479:
442:
309:
1412:
Speziallager in der SBZ. Gedenkstätten mit "doppelter Vergangenheit"
1378:
Speziallager in der SBZ. Gedenkstätten mit "doppelter Vergangenheit"
1353:
Speziallager in der SBZ. Gedenkstätten mit "doppelter Vergangenheit"
1037:
Speziallager in der SBZ. Gedenkstätten mit "doppelter Vergangenheit"
739:
667:
346:
152:
92:
49:
43:
210:
regime, e.g. for having contacts with organizations based in the
516:
508:
487:
267:
156:
136:
91:(MVD). On 8 August 1948, the camps were made subordinate to the
72:
282:
Among the dead were an estimated 12,000 discovered in 1990 in
886:
German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war
1904:
The Gulag in East Germany; Soviet Special Camps, 1945-1950
1853:, Teneo Press, Amherst, New York, 2018, pages, 8,213,217,
494:
Prisons and camps in East Central Europe prior to May 1945
83:
from May 1945 to January 6, 1950. They were set up by the
1930:
Soviet Special Camps Nos. 8 and 10 in Torgau, 1945 - 1948
1452:
The Gulag in East Germany: Soviet Special Camps 1945-1950
1117:
The Gulag in East Germany: Soviet Special Camps 1945-1950
1050:
The Gulag in East Germany: Soviet Special Camps 1945-1950
523:
were held in prisons in the battle area and 5,000 died
294:
Camps in Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD)
190:
Among the inmates were many supporters or members of the
1851:
The Gulag in East Germany:Soviet Special Camps 1945-1950
143:, or at random. The legal basis for the arrests was the
1888:
Wolfram von Scheliha "Soviet Special Camps in Germany"
1382:
Einleitung. – Sowjetische Internierungslager in der SBZ
1942:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story Of Nazi and Soviet Horrors"
1906:, Teneo Press/Cambria Press, Amherst, New York, 2018 (
1426:"Ex-Death Camp Tells Story Of Nazi and Soviet Horrors"
1380:. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 1999, p. 141; Jörg Morré:
1027:
1025:
827:(East Germany), that was about to be formed from the
304:
A total of ten camps existed, set up in former Nazi
135:
People were arrested because of alleged ties to the
1820:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. p. 130, fn 20.
1709:
Das sowjetische Speziallager Nr. 4 Landsberg/Warthe
1606:
Das sowjetische Speziallager Nr. 4 Landsberg/Warthe
1473:
Das sowjetische Speziallager Nr. 4 Landsberg/Warthe
709:16804 German citizens were interned in 22 camps in
139:, because they were hindering the establishment of
1892:ed. by Jonathan F. Vance (2000), pp. 276–277
702:7890 German citizens were interned in 15 camps in
1686:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. pp. 129–130.
79:internment camps in the Soviet-occupied parts of
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1119:, Teneo Press, Amherst, New York, Pages 9,123,
85:Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD)
1955:"Germans Find Mass Graves at an Ex-Soviet Camp"
1890:Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War and Internment
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1303:
1301:
1275:
1273:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
964:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1177:, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2000, p.99,
1099:, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2000, p.98,
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
519:. Only very few actual Nazis were among them.
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
8:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1766:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. p. 129.
1757:
1755:
1753:
1736:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. p. 131.
1052:, Teneo Press, Amherst, New York, Page 121,
236:supreme chief of the special camps, Colonel
151:of "spies, saboteurs, terrorists and active
1494:
1492:
1414:. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 1999, p. 141–2.
657:and NKVD camps as well as NKVD prisons in
504:Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union
202:, Social Democrats were interned to ensure
174:Of the "interned", 80% were members of the
1454:, Teneo Press, Amherst, New York, Page 7,
1039:. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 1999, p. 133.
882:, for other types of Soviet special camps
870:- their fate remains unknown as of 2015.
300:Soviet Military Administration in Germany
2007:Buildings and structures in East Germany
1535:Central European University Press 2003
1355:. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag, 1999, p.132.
192:Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)
1410:. In: Peter Reif-Spirek et al. (ed.):
1376:. In: Peter Reif-Spirek et al. (ed.):
1351:. In: Peter Reif-Spirek et al. (ed.):
1035:. In: Peter Reif-Spirek et al. (ed.):
901:
1192:
1190:
200:Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED)
891:Mass killings under communist regimes
167:(SMT) or not. A decree issued by the
18:NKVD special camps in Germany 1945–50
7:
1992:Aftermath of World War II in Germany
1940:Desmond Butler (December 17, 2001).
1505:(in German). C.H.Beck. p. 116.
1424:Butler, Desmond (17 December 2001).
992:, BWV Verlag, 2004, pp.126,133-134,
1608:. Wallstein Verlag. pp. 9–11.
821:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
216:Article 58 of the Soviet penal code
25:
829:Soviet occupation zone in Germany
680:An additional NKVD prison was in
1925:Special Camp No. 1 near Mühlberg
1711:. Wallstein Verlag. p. 11.
1260:, BWV Verlag, 2004, pp.133-134,
1012:, Wallstein Verlag, 2006, p.12,
838:These trials were the so-called
288:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
196:Communist Party of Germany (KPD)
1475:. Wallstein Verlag. p. 9.
1997:Germany–Soviet Union relations
1953:Kinzer, Stephen (1992-09-24).
1935:A Childhood Behind Barbed Wire
1:
880:Special camp (disambiguation)
1968:Deutsche Welle on 16.02.2010
89:Ministry of Internal Affairs
1331:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.136,
1311:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.135,
1283:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.134,
1240:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.129,
1163:Kontrollratsdirektive Nr.38
1146:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.127,
1079:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.128,
972:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.131,
931:, BWV Verlag, 2004, p.126,
2053:
825:German Democratic Republic
297:
36:
29:
1878:(1994), pp. 353–397
1207:Südwestdeutscher Rundfunk
1197:Fruth, Pia (7 May 2010).
807:Handover to East Germany
469:NKVD special camp Nr. 10
424:(until August 1945) and
312:, barracks, or prisons.
212:Western occupation zones
165:Soviet military tribunal
37:Not to be confused with
1818:Speziallager in der SBZ
1764:Speziallager in der SBZ
1734:Speziallager in der SBZ
1684:Speziallager in der SBZ
460:NKVD special camp Nr. 9
432:NKVD special camp Nr. 8
414:NKVD special camp Nr. 7
394:NKVD special camp Nr. 6
374:NKVD special camp Nr. 5
357:NKVD special camp Nr. 4
339:NKVD special camp Nr. 3
330:NKVD special camp Nr. 2
317:NKVD special camp Nr. 1
54:NKVD special camp Nr. 2
2037:Soviet occupation zone
1499:Urban, Thomas (2006).
854:
692:Soviet Occupation Zone
274:Numbers and casualties
266:(the successor of the
233:
169:Allied Control Council
116:East German government
104:
87:and run by the Soviet
68:
57:
1987:1940s in East Germany
1406:Alexander von Plato.
1372:Alexander von Plato.
1347:Alexander von Plato.
1031:Alexander von Plato.
861:. They took place in
586:Panart (unidentified)
229:
47:
2032:1949 in East Germany
32:NKVD filtration camp
855:Waldheimer Prozesse
428:(since August 1945)
306:concentration camps
155:members", heads of
75:-run late and post-
2002:NKVD special camps
1959:The New York Times
1431:The New York Times
1393:2017-09-03 at the
1384:. In: Jörg Morré:
569:Landsberg (Warthe)
482:(Seydlitz-Kaserne)
370:(since 1948 Nr. 3)
214:, on the basis of
61:NKVD special camps
58:
1912:978-1-93484-432-8
1873:Norman M. Naimark
1859:978-1-93484-432-8
1460:978-1-93484-432-8
1125:978-1-93484-432-8
1058:978-1-93484-432-8
817:Central Committee
595:NKVD prisons in
500:Poland and Russia
48:Some 1,100 metal
16:(Redirected from
2044:
1982:Internment camps
1962:
1949:
1861:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1813:
1778:
1777:
1759:
1748:
1747:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1679:
1620:
1619:
1601:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1468:
1462:
1450:Merten, Ulrich,
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1421:
1415:
1404:
1398:
1370:
1364:
1345:
1339:
1325:
1319:
1305:
1296:
1277:
1268:
1254:
1248:
1234:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1140:
1127:
1115:Merten, Ulrich,
1113:
1107:
1093:
1087:
1073:
1060:
1048:Merten, Ulrich,
1046:
1040:
1029:
1020:
1008:Petra Haustein,
1006:
1000:
986:
980:
966:
939:
925:
857:) - a series of
848:
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2017:1946 in Germany
2012:1945 in Germany
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56:were buried.
1211:(in German)
859:show-trials
843: [
670:(Opole) and
653:(Racibórz);
628:Bartenstein
624:(Gvardeysk)
472: [
450: [
435: [
397: [
377: [
360: [
321:Stalag IV-B
284:mass graves
241: [
1976:Categories
1518:2009-09-01
1437:2009-04-22
897:References
786:Szopienice
762:(Pszczyna)
749:Inowroclaw
711:Yugoslavia
685:Ružomberok
634:Königsberg
616:Insterburg
607:(Goleniow)
447:Fort Zinna
422:Werneuchen
334:Buchenwald
298:See also:
198:, renamed
176:Nazi Party
799:(Gliwice)
766:Sosnowiec
736:Nasarzewo
731:Ciechanów
725:Działdowo
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590:Mysłowice
563:Schwiebus
531:Rembertów
409:Lieberose
308:, former
286:near the
141:Stalinism
1543:Page 263
1391:Archived
874:See also
797:Gleiwitz
793:-Ligota
791:Katowice
727:(Soldau)
664:(Toszek)
640:Wadowice
611:Stargard
571:(Gorzow)
548:(Gdansk)
325:Mühlberg
868:Siberia
833:Kruglov
819:of the
815:of the
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704:Romania
651:Ratibor
605:Gollnow
405:Jamlitz
368:Bautzen
345:(later
310:stalags
185:Werwolf
131:Charges
122:Inmates
81:Germany
71:) were
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668:Oppeln
622:Tapiau
581:Domtau
559:(Piła)
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546:Danzig
541:Poznań
513:Neisse
480:Torgau
443:Torgau
418:Weesow
101:German
65:German
50:steles
1202:(PDF)
847:]
747:near
745:Mątwy
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738:near
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407:near
401:]
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347:Stasi
323:near
245:]
153:NSDAP
145:Beria
137:Nazis
93:Gulag
1908:ISBN
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1822:ISBN
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1738:ISBN
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1357:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1313:ISBN
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1242:ISBN
1217:2010
1179:ISBN
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1121:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1081:ISBN
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1014:ISBN
994:ISBN
974:ISBN
933:ISBN
811:The
760:Pleß
662:Tost
536:Łódź
517:NKVD
511:and
509:Oder
488:NKVD
268:NKVD
262:and
157:Nazi
73:NKVD
1291:: "
647:and
478:in
441:in
416:in
403:in
383:in
366:in
341:in
332:in
264:MVD
260:MGB
107:).
1978::
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853::
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243:ru
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
