346:
141:
366:
379:
165:
153:
391:
181:
192:
68:
20:
365:
281:
When the NMR tube is determined to be clean, it is triple-rinsed with distilled water and left to air-dry or dry in an oven at low temperature. It is best not to exceed 60 °C. At higher temperatures, slight tube distortion can occur which will affect tube camber. If NMR tubes are washed, a final
133:
experiments, where only a smaller sample is available. A corresponding smaller solvent volume is desired to maintain a higher sample concentration. The reduced sample depth is compensated for by solid glass on the NMR tube beneath the level of sample, which varies for the make of spectrometer. Once
38:. Typically NMR tubes come in 5 mm diameters but 10 mm and 3 mm samples are known. It is important that the tubes are uniformly thick and well-balanced to ensure that NMR tube spins at a regular rate (i.e., they do not wobble), usually about 20 Hz in the NMR spectrometer.
58:
Two common specifications for NMR tubes are concentricity and camber. Concentricity refers to the variation in the radial centers, measured at the inner and outer walls. Camber refers to the "straightness" of the tube. Poor values for either may cause poorer quality spectra by reducing the
140:
54:
NMR is desired, quartz NMR tubes containing low concentrations of boron (as opposed to borosilicate glass) are available. Specialized closures such as J. Young valves and screwcap closures are available aside from more common polyethylene caps.
345:
378:
59:
homogeneity of the sample. In particular, an NMR tube which has poor camber may wobble when rotated, giving rise to spinning side bands. With modern manufacturing techniques even cheap tubes give good spectra for routine applications.
290:
A better alternative to the use of potentially hazardous oxidizers is an NMR tube cleaner (right). It is an apparatus which uses a vacuum to flush solvent and/or a detergent solution through the entire length of the NMR tube.
371:
Teflon tap used to seal NMR tubes for air-sensitive samples – has a central bore starting at the top of the tap, which splits into a T-junction at the bottom. One of the openings of the inverted "T" can be seen in this
333:
This sort of apparatus is commercially available, though it is costly and easy to destroy by shattering or breaking off the cleaning tube. Equivalent designs may be assembled from ordinary labware as well.
134:
air bubbles have been expelled, the plunger is secured to the tube proper by parafilm. Ideally, the tubes are matched with the deuterated solvent used to have better spectrum resolution.
242:
are good choices because dichloromethane is similar in polarity to chloroform, a common NMR solvent, while acetone dissolves many organic compounds. Sonication and scrubbing with a
152:
50:. They are available in seven and eight inch lengths; a 5 mm tube outer diameter is most common, but 3 mm and 10 mm outer diameters are available as well. Where
164:
270:). Care should be taken with these solutions, as they can unexpectedly and violently erupt from the NMR tube due to pressure build-up (aqua regia) or explosion (piranha).
146:
Plunger/insert centre, left 8 mm "bottom length" outer tube suitable for Bruker and Varian NMR spectrometers, right 15 mm outer tube suitable for Varian only
640:
548:
390:
1869:
1848:
384:
A J. Young NMR tube attached to an adapter with a female 24/40 joint already greased. Note the hole resulting from the T-bore in the side of the PTFE plug.
282:
rinse is recommended with a solvent that easily evaporates at 60 °C and that has no residue such as methanol. Avoid acetone, which leaves a residue.
1958:
75:
Usually, only a small sample is dissolved in an appropriate solvent. For H NMR experiments, this will usually be a deuterated solvent such as CDCl
35:
1484:
602:
471:
1982:
633:
455:
1545:
1522:
495:
572:
246:
may be helpful in removing traces of solid contaminants. If necessary, the tube may be filled with an oxidizing solution of
1977:
1813:
1702:
1043:
626:
1517:
234:
Cleaning is performed usually by rinsing with the same (non-deuterated) solvent used to dissolve the initial sample.
1593:
1562:
1474:
94:
The sample may be sonicated or agitated to aid dissolution, and solids are removed via filtering through a plug of
1717:
1048:
302:
fixed to the base of the NMR tube), is placed upside down on the apparatus. The NMR tube fits over an inner tube
1119:
722:
330:
with solvent cleaning it. Note to complete the vacuum a flask is attached to the NMR tube cleaning apparatus.
105:
The NMR tube is then usually sealed with a polyethylene cap, but can be flame sealed or sealed with a Teflon '
79:. Sufficient solvent should be used in order to fill the tube by 4–5 cm (depending on the spectrometer).
1552:
1469:
933:
231:
NMR tubes are hard to clean because of their small bore. They are cleaned best before the sample has dried.
1155:
903:
872:
1145:
1023:
735:
1441:
1101:
943:
1129:
938:
853:
790:
129:
is a microscale NMR tube used with an ordinary-size NMR tube. Shigemi tubes may be appropriate for
1656:
1639:
1578:
1479:
1403:
1339:
1334:
1252:
1073:
47:
1924:
1914:
1722:
1712:
1489:
1293:
1283:
1278:
1124:
1038:
1033:
785:
451:
447:
441:
356:
1262:
1227:
1217:
1209:
1184:
1168:
1078:
985:
888:
780:
576:
499:
251:
1939:
1666:
1532:
1314:
1288:
1063:
958:
315:
235:
99:
180:
1934:
1884:
1774:
1748:
1692:
1649:
1644:
1583:
1242:
1232:
893:
775:
740:
702:
687:
503:
1971:
1879:
1758:
1588:
1257:
1194:
858:
692:
552:
475:
352:
106:
23:
An NMR tube filled with a colorless sample, sealed with a green polyethylene cap and
580:
524:
1919:
1707:
1671:
1598:
1494:
1464:
1459:
1387:
1222:
1008:
963:
880:
848:
831:
810:
800:
730:
712:
355:
in an NMR tube. Due to the high degree of conjugation, the sample fluoresces under
275:
271:
243:
158:
Fully assembled 8 mm
Shigemi tube, insert secured to outer tube with parafilm
1833:
1661:
1621:
1557:
1540:
1413:
1382:
1367:
1362:
1324:
1199:
1163:
1013:
815:
770:
415:
130:
80:
191:
1838:
1828:
1779:
1697:
1509:
1354:
1329:
1189:
1068:
1028:
998:
953:
948:
928:
898:
795:
697:
649:
396:
A J. Young NMR tube from above looking down the hole that leads to the T-bore.
247:
184:
278:
chromium left behind on the tubes causing interference with NMR experiments.
1929:
1727:
1377:
990:
805:
765:
707:
187:
has been added to these NMR tubes to remove all traces of organic material.
1874:
1753:
1743:
1499:
1408:
1053:
1003:
114:
24:
1894:
1889:
1687:
1344:
1319:
1309:
1237:
1058:
1018:
618:
326:
and is forced to the base of the NMR tube and flushes the NMR tube out
239:
67:
19:
1247:
528:
318:
via the vacuum inlet). The NMR tube cap forms a vacuum seal. Solvent
110:
95:
1864:
1843:
190:
179:
170:
Close-up of the sample lying in between insert and "bottom length"
71:
Left to right: Flame, septum and polyethylene cap sealed NMR tubes
66:
51:
18:
1418:
717:
1800:
1619:
1439:
1099:
660:
622:
525:"What temperature should I use to dry my tubes after washing?"
117:
may be wrapped around the cap to reduce solvent evaporation.
496:"NMR-010: Proper Cleaning Procedures for NMR Sample Tubes"
443:
Experimental organic chemistry: Principles and
Practice
310:. The NMR cap rests on the outer tube of the apparatus
34:
is a thin glass walled tube used to contain samples in
1907:
1857:
1811:
1767:
1736:
1680:
1632:
1571:
1531:
1508:
1452:
1396:
1353:
1302:
1271:
1208:
1177:
1154:
1138:
1112:
978:
912:
824:
749:
671:
440:Laurence M. Harwood, Christopher J. Moody (1989).
446:(Illustrated ed.). WileyBlackwell. pp.
634:
8:
416:"Technical Information for Norell® Products"
1594:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
274:solutions are never used, due to traces of
1821:
1808:
1797:
1629:
1616:
1449:
1436:
1109:
1096:
668:
657:
641:
627:
619:
207:NMR tube cap, able to form a vacuum seal,
1959:Instruments used in medical laboratories
1475:Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
406:
341:
136:
36:nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1523:Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
314:. A vacuum is applied (usually via a
7:
601:Karsten Alstad Sørbye (2005-09-29).
322:is drawn from the solvent reservoir
211:Cleaning Tube fits within NMR tube,
98:layered on a cotton wool plug in a
1518:Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
472:"Shigemi NMR Microtube Assemblies"
109:' tap or even a very small rubber
14:
1563:Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
1373:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
389:
377:
364:
344:
306:linked to the solvent reservoir
294:In this apparatus, the NMR tube
163:
151:
139:
46:NMR tubes are typically made of
83:is usually performed in a 90% H
102:, directly into the NMR tube.
1:
215:Solvent reservoir container,
195:NMR tube cleaning apparatus:
573:"NMR Tube Cleaner and Drier"
549:"Aldrich NMR Tube Cleaners"
1999:
1983:Nuclear magnetic resonance
1956:
1824:
1807:
1796:
1718:Time-domain reflectometer
1628:
1615:
1485:Liquid chromatograph (LC)
1448:
1435:
1108:
1095:
667:
656:
414:LLC, MESH Design Group.
1553:Melting-point apparatus
934:Cryogenic storage dewar
219:Solvent/solvent level,
1490:Mass spectrometer (MS)
1480:Gas chromatograph (GC)
228:
188:
72:
27:
1865:Acid-resistant gloves
1546:differential scanning
605:. spectroscopyNOW.com
194:
183:
70:
22:
1978:Laboratory glassware
1442:Analytical chemistry
944:Laminar flow cabinet
650:Laboratory equipment
16:Laboratory glassware
1814:Personal protective
723:Meker–Fisher burner
87:O (or buffer)/10% D
1657:Function generator
1640:Bench power supply
1579:Analytical balance
1340:Ostwald viscometer
1335:Graduated cylinder
1074:Inoculation needle
229:
203:Compound residue,
189:
73:
63:Sample preparation
48:borosilicate glass
28:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1925:Fire extinguisher
1915:Biosafety cabinet
1903:
1902:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1723:Transistor tester
1713:Spectrum analyzer
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1303:Measuring devices
1125:Soxhlet extractor
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1039:Spectrophotometer
1034:Pipeclay triangle
786:Mortar and pestle
603:"NMR Tube Washer"
357:ultraviolet light
1990:
1822:
1809:
1798:
1703:Network analyzer
1630:
1617:
1450:
1437:
1110:
1097:
1079:Inoculation loop
949:Microtiter plate
889:Test tube holder
781:Magnetic stirrer
669:
658:
643:
636:
629:
620:
614:
613:
611:
610:
598:
592:
591:
589:
588:
579:. Archived from
569:
563:
562:
560:
559:
545:
539:
538:
536:
535:
521:
515:
514:
512:
511:
502:. Archived from
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
468:
462:
461:
437:
431:
430:
428:
426:
411:
393:
381:
368:
348:
286:NMR tube cleaner
252:piranha solution
223:Vacuum applied,
167:
155:
143:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1944:
1940:Solvent cabinet
1899:
1870:Eyewash station
1853:
1818:
1816:equipment (PPE)
1815:
1803:
1784:
1763:
1732:
1676:
1667:Pulse generator
1633:Control devices
1624:
1603:
1567:
1533:Thermochemistry
1527:
1504:
1444:
1423:
1392:
1349:
1315:Conical measure
1298:
1267:
1204:
1173:
1150:
1134:
1104:
1083:
1064:Test tube brush
974:
959:Picotiter plate
922:
908:
904:Lab drying rack
863:Extension clamp
839:
820:
759:
745:
681:
663:
652:
647:
617:
608:
606:
600:
599:
595:
586:
584:
571:
570:
566:
557:
555:
547:
546:
542:
533:
531:
523:
522:
518:
509:
507:
494:
493:
489:
480:
478:
470:
469:
465:
458:
439:
438:
434:
424:
422:
413:
412:
408:
404:
397:
394:
385:
382:
373:
369:
360:
349:
340:
316:water aspirator
288:
269:
265:
261:
257:
236:Dichloromethane
178:
171:
168:
159:
156:
147:
144:
123:
100:Pasteur pipette
90:
86:
78:
65:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:Safety cabinet
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1895:Safety goggles
1892:
1890:Safety glasses
1887:
1885:Nitrile gloves
1882:
1880:Medical gloves
1877:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1775:Alligator clip
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1749:Soldering iron
1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:Logic analyzer
1690:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1650:Voltage source
1647:
1645:Current source
1636:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:Colony counter
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:Vacuum (Dewar)
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
993:
988:
982:
980:
976:
975:
973:
972:
969:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
925:
923:
921:
920:
917:
913:
910:
909:
907:
906:
901:
896:
894:Test tube rack
891:
886:
883:
878:
875:
870:
869:Funnel support
867:
864:
861:
856:
851:
846:
842:
840:
838:
837:
834:
829:
825:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
776:Liquid whistle
773:
768:
762:
760:
758:
757:
754:
750:
747:
746:
744:
743:
741:Vacuum dry box
738:
733:
728:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
703:Heating mantle
700:
695:
690:
688:Alcohol burner
684:
682:
680:
679:
676:
672:
665:
664:
661:
654:
653:
648:
646:
645:
638:
631:
623:
616:
615:
593:
564:
540:
516:
487:
463:
457:978-0632020171
456:
432:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
395:
388:
386:
383:
376:
374:
370:
363:
361:
353:polythiophenes
350:
343:
339:
336:
298:(with the cap
287:
284:
267:
263:
259:
255:
227:Waste solvent.
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
162:
160:
157:
150:
148:
145:
138:
122:
119:
88:
84:
76:
64:
61:
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1995:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1960:
1955:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1849:Safety shower
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1795:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1759:Wire stripper
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Spiral plater
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:Compositional
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:Balance brush
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
977:
971:Weighing dish
970:
968:Weighing boat
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
918:
915:
914:
911:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
884:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
860:
859:Burette clamp
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:
841:
835:
833:
830:
827:
826:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
755:
752:
751:
748:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Bunsen burner
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
677:
674:
673:
670:
666:
659:
655:
651:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
624:
621:
604:
597:
594:
583:on 2006-12-13
582:
578:
574:
568:
565:
554:
553:Sigma-Aldrich
550:
544:
541:
530:
526:
520:
517:
506:on 2008-05-13
505:
501:
497:
491:
488:
477:
476:Sigma-Aldrich
473:
467:
464:
459:
453:
449:
445:
444:
436:
433:
421:
417:
410:
407:
401:
392:
387:
380:
375:
367:
362:
358:
354:
347:
342:
337:
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
285:
283:
279:
277:
273:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
186:
182:
175:
166:
161:
154:
149:
142:
137:
135:
132:
128:
121:Shigemi tubes
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
92:
82:
69:
62:
60:
56:
53:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
26:
21:
1920:Fire blanket
1858:Eye and hand
1844:Rubber apron
1708:Oscilloscope
1672:Potentiostat
1599:Plate reader
1495:pH indicator
1465:CHN analyzer
1460:AutoAnalyzer
1372:
1253:Round-bottom
1146:Boston round
1009:Filter paper
964:Refrigerator
881:Retort stand
849:Clamp holder
845:Beaker clamp
811:Vortex mixer
806:Stirring rod
801:Static mixer
731:Teclu burner
607:. Retrieved
596:
585:. Retrieved
581:the original
567:
556:. Retrieved
543:
532:. Retrieved
519:
508:. Retrieved
504:the original
490:
479:. Retrieved
466:
442:
435:
423:. Retrieved
420:NMRTubes.com
419:
409:
351:A sample of
332:
327:
323:
319:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
293:
289:
280:
276:paramagnetic
272:Chromic acid
244:pipe cleaner
233:
230:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
127:Shigemi tube
126:
124:
104:
93:
74:
57:
45:
42:Construction
31:
29:
1908:Other items
1834:Face shield
1681:Measurement
1662:Galvanostat
1622:Electronics
1572:Other items
1558:Thermometer
1541:Calorimeter
1470:Colorimeter
1414:Gas syringe
1397:Other items
1325:Eye dropper
1200:Watch glass
1185:Evaporating
1164:Cold finger
979:Other items
885:Screw clamp
877:Pinch clamp
866:Flask clamp
816:Wash bottle
771:Homogenizer
131:protein NMR
91:O mixture.
81:Protein NMR
1972:Categories
1839:Respirator
1780:Test probe
1698:Multimeter
1510:Microscopy
1330:Eudiometer
1294:Separatory
1263:Volumetric
1228:Erlenmeyer
1156:Condensers
1120:Dean–Stark
1069:Wire brush
1029:Microscope
1024:Centrifuge
999:Cork borer
954:Petri dish
929:Agar plate
916:Containers
899:Wire gauze
736:Water bath
698:Desiccator
609:2008-06-27
587:2008-06-27
558:2008-06-27
534:2011-11-18
510:2008-06-27
481:2008-06-27
425:29 January
402:References
248:aqua regia
199:NMR tube,
185:Aqua regia
1930:Fume hood
1875:Glove box
1728:Voltmeter
1113:Apparatus
1102:Glassware
991:Autoclave
986:Aspirator
939:Incubator
873:Iron ring
796:Sonicator
766:Chemostat
708:Hot plate
1829:Lab coat
1754:Tweezers
1744:Heat gun
1500:pH meter
1409:Bell jar
1289:Dropping
1243:Florence
1233:Fernbach
1195:Syracuse
1054:Scoopula
1004:Crucible
713:Lab oven
372:picture.
176:Cleaning
115:Parafilm
32:NMR tube
25:Parafilm
1768:General
1688:Ammeter
1388:Thistle
1345:Pipette
1320:Cuvette
1310:Burette
1279:BĂĽchner
1272:Funnels
1258:Schlenk
1238:Fleaker
1218:BĂĽchner
1139:Bottles
1059:Spatula
1049:Stopper
1019:Forceps
919:Storage
836:Holders
756:Shakers
727:Striker
675:Heaters
662:General
448:318–321
338:Gallery
240:acetone
107:Schlenk
1802:Safety
1404:Beaker
1383:Thiele
1368:Cragie
1363:Drying
1284:Hirsch
1248:Retort
1210:Flasks
1178:Dishes
1169:Liebig
1130:Kipp's
1044:Splint
854:Tripod
832:Clamps
828:Stands
791:Shaker
753:Mixers
678:Dryers
577:Torviq
529:Norell
500:Wilmad
454:
111:septum
96:celite
1737:Tools
1355:Tubes
1190:Petri
205:3, 4:
52:boron
1419:Vial
1378:Test
1014:File
718:Kiln
452:ISBN
427:2018
250:or
238:or
30:An
1974::
575:.
551:.
527:.
498:.
474:.
450:.
418:.
266:SO
262:/H
254:(H
225:9:
221:8:
217:7:
213:6:
209:5:
201:2:
197:1:
125:A
113:.
642:e
635:t
628:v
612:.
590:.
561:.
537:.
513:.
484:.
460:.
429:.
359:.
328:9
324:6
320:7
312:4
308:6
304:5
300:3
296:1
268:4
264:2
260:2
258:O
256:2
89:2
85:2
77:3
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
