326:
solvent. Straus flasks are mainly differentiated from other "bombs" by their neck structure. Two necks emerge from a round bottom flask, one larger than the other. The larger neck ends in a ground glass joint and is permanently partitioned by blown glass from direct access to the flask. The smaller neck includes the threading required for a teflon plug to be screwed in perpendicular to the flask. The two necks are joined through a glass tube. The ground glass joint can be connected to a manifold directly or through an adapter and hosing. Once connected, the plug valve can be partially opened to allow the solvent in the Straus flask to be vacuum transferred to other vessels. Or, once connected to the line, the neck can be placed under a positive pressure of inert gas and the plug valve can be fully removed. This allows direct access to the flask through a narrow glass tube now protected by a curtain of inert gas. The solvent can then be
257:. The flask can then be removed from the glove box and taken to a Schlenk line. Once connected to the Schlenk line, the inert gas and/or vacuum can be applied to the flask as required. While the flask is connected to the line under a positive pressure of inert gas, the septum can be replaced with other apparatus, for example a reflux condenser. Once the manipulations are complete, the contents can be vacuum dried and placed under a static vacuum by closing the side arm valve. These evacuated flasks can be taken back into a glove box for further manipulation or storage of the flasks' contents.
222:
158:
sidearm of the flask, or via a wide bore needle (attached to a gas line). The contents of the flask exit the flask through the neck portion of the flask. The needle method has the advantage that the needle can be placed at the bottom of the flask to better flush out the atmosphere of the flask. Flushing a flask out with an inert gas can be inefficient for large flasks and is impractical for complex apparatus.
198:
27:
301:. While glass does not equal the pressure rating and mechanical strength of most metal containers, it does have several advantages. Glass allows visual inspection of a reaction in progress, it is inert to a wide range of reaction conditions and substrates, it is generally more compatible with common laboratory glassware, and it is more easily cleaned and checked for cleanliness.
310:
261:
334:
169:. This involves pumping the air out of the flask and replacing the resulting vacuum with an inert gas. For example, evacuation of the flask to 1 mmHg (130 Pa; 0.0013 atm) and then replenishing the atmosphere with 760 mmHg (1 atm) inert gas leaves 0.13% of the original atmosphere (
366:
Straus flasks are distinct from "solvent pots", which are flasks that contain a solvent as well as drying agents. Solvent pots are not usually bombs, or even
Schlenk flasks in the classic sense. The most common configuration of a solvent pot is a simple round bottom flask attached to a 180° adapter
285:
plug valve. This design allows a
Schlenk bomb to be sealed more completely than a standard Schlenk flask even if its septum or glass cap is wired on. Schlenk bombs include structurally sound shapes such as round bottoms and heavy walled tubes. Schlenk bombs are often used to conduct reactions at
157:
Typically, before solvent or reagents are introduced into a
Schlenk flask, the flask is dried and the atmosphere of the flask is exchanged with an inert gas. A common method of exchanging the atmosphere of the flask is to flush the flask out with an inert gas. The gas can be introduced through the
289:
In practice
Schlenk bombs can perform many of the functions of a standard Schlenk flask. Even when the opening is used to fit a bomb to a manifold, the plug can still be removed to add or remove material from the bomb. In some situations, however, Schlenk bombs are less convenient than standard
325:
A Straus flask (often misspelled "Strauss") is subclass of "bomb" flask originally developed by Kontes Glass
Company, commonly used for storing dried and degassed solvents. Straus flasks are sometimes referred to as solvent bombs — a name which applies to any Schlenk bomb dedicated to storing
367:
fitted with some form of valve. The pot can be attached to a manifold and the contents distilled or vacuum transferred to other flasks free of soluble drying agents, water, oxygen or nitrogen. The term "solvent pot" can also refer to the flask containing the drying agents in a classic
286:
elevated pressures and temperatures as a closed system. In addition, all
Schlenk bombs are designed to withstand the pressure differential created by the ante-chamber when pumping solvents into a glove box.
213:
may have a trace of oil as a lubricant but generally no grease. In the following text any "connection" is assumed to be rendered mostly air free through a series of vac-refill cycles.
249:, used to control the flask's exposure to a manifold or the atmosphere. This allows a material to be added to a flask through the ground glass joint, which is then capped with a
383:
through a needle connected to the column which pierces the septum of a flask or through a ground glass joint connected to the column, as in the case of a Straus flask.
484:
330:
to another flask. In contrast, other bomb flask plugs are not necessarily ideally situated to protect the atmosphere of the flask from the external atmosphere.
290:
Schlenk flasks: they lack an accessible ground glass joint to attach additional apparatus; the opening provided by plug valves can be difficult to access with a
1713:
1692:
1802:
141:
Schlenk flasks are round-bottomed, while
Schlenk tubes are elongated. They may be purchased off-the-shelf from laboratory suppliers or made from
1328:
321:. "Solvent bomb" is any Schlenk bomb dedicated to storing solvent. It is the construction of the flask neck which makes a Straus flask unique.
477:
1389:
415:
1366:
379:
in which degassed solvent is forced through an insoluble drying agent before being collected. Solvent is usually collected from
161:
An alternative way to exchange the atmosphere of a
Schlenk flask is to use one or more "vac-refill" cycles, typically using a
1821:
1657:
1546:
887:
470:
1826:
1361:
410:
The
Manipulation of Air-Sensitive Compounds, by Duward F. Shriver and M. A. Drezdzon 1986, J. Wiley and Sons: New York.
444:
281:
A "bomb" flask is subclass of
Schlenk flask which includes all flasks that have only one opening accessed by opening a
209:
valves and ground glass joints to provide a gas tight seal and prevent glass pieces from fusing. In contrast, teflon
1831:
1437:
1406:
1318:
1561:
892:
294:, and it can be much simpler to work with a septum designed to fit a ground glass joint than with a Teflon plug.
963:
291:
566:
1396:
1313:
777:
97:
999:
747:
716:
989:
867:
579:
1285:
945:
787:
127:
973:
782:
697:
634:
1500:
1483:
1422:
1323:
1247:
1183:
1178:
1096:
917:
242:
162:
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131:
101:
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1122:
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411:
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732:
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907:
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93:
85:
58:
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737:
619:
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546:
531:
221:
205:
When using Schlenk systems, including flasks, the use of grease is often necessary at
189:). Most Schlenk lines easily and quickly achieve a vacuum of 1 mmHg (~1.3 mBar).
1815:
1723:
1602:
1432:
1038:
702:
536:
346:
89:
197:
1763:
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807:
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241:
The standard Schlenk flask is a round bottom, pear-shaped, or tubular flask with a
166:
120:
68:
1677:
1505:
1465:
1401:
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1257:
1226:
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269:
210:
297:
The name "bomb" is often applied to containers used under pressure such as a
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108:
26:
309:
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112:
104:
333:
107:, which allows the vessel to be evacuated or filled with gases (usually
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1531:
1188:
1163:
1153:
1081:
902:
862:
462:
1091:
350:
282:
250:
201:
Three Schlenk flasks with 500, 250 and 100 mL volume on cork rings.
1708:
1687:
332:
308:
259:
245:
and a side arm. The side arm contains a valve, usually a greased
220:
196:
135:
116:
1262:
561:
1644:
1463:
1283:
943:
504:
466:
31:
A selection of Schlenk flasks and, bottom right, a Schlenk tube
272:
designed for high temperature closed system reactions.
1751:
1701:
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1580:
1524:
1476:
1415:
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1352:
1296:
1240:
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1021:
998:
982:
956:
822:
756:
668:
593:
515:
64:
54:
44:
36:
253:. This operation can, for example, be done in a
179:). Two such vac-refill cycles leaves 0.000173% (
123:, which allow both operations to be done easily.
233:valve, and the flask is capped with a Suba•Seal
345:to another reaction vessel. This pot contains
16:Reaction vessel used in air-sensitive chemistry
341:ready to have its dried and degassed contents
478:
8:
428:Vacuum Flask, Airless/Straus: Kontes website
126:Schlenk flasks and Schlenk tubes, like most
19:
1438:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument
1665:
1652:
1641:
1473:
1460:
1293:
1280:
953:
940:
512:
501:
485:
471:
463:
229:. The flask's sidearm contains a greased
25:
1803:Instruments used in medical laboratories
1319:Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device
392:
119:). These flasks are often connected to
1367:Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
18:
7:
400:The Glassware Gallery: Schlenk Flask
1362:Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
357:, which gives it its purple color.
96:. It has a side arm fitted with a
14:
1407:Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
1217:Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
443:Sella, Andrea (January 2008).
375:have largely been replaced by
237:that has not been turned down.
1:
264:A heavy walled, tube shaped,
145:or glass tubing by a skilled
371:system. Due to fire risks,
328:transferred through cannula
1848:
153:Evacuating a Schlenk flask
1800:
1668:
1651:
1640:
1562:Time-domain reflectometer
1472:
1459:
1329:Liquid chromatograph (LC)
1292:
1279:
952:
939:
511:
500:
268:fitted with a large bore
24:
1397:Melting-point apparatus
778:Cryogenic storage dewar
92:chemistry, invented by
1334:Mass spectrometer (MS)
1324:Gas chromatograph (GC)
358:
322:
273:
238:
217:Standard Schlenk flask
202:
1709:Acid-resistant gloves
1390:differential scanning
336:
312:
263:
224:
200:
1822:Laboratory glassware
1286:Analytical chemistry
788:Laminar flow cabinet
494:Laboratory equipment
128:laboratory glassware
1827:Air-free techniques
1658:Personal protective
567:Meker–Fisher burner
445:"Schlenk Apparatus"
163:vacuum-gas manifold
143:round-bottom flasks
21:
1501:Function generator
1484:Bench power supply
1423:Analytical balance
1184:Ostwald viscometer
1179:Graduated cylinder
918:Inoculation needle
359:
323:
274:
243:ground glass joint
239:
203:
165:, also known as a
132:borosilicate glass
88:typically used in
1832:German inventions
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1769:Fire extinguisher
1759:Biosafety cabinet
1747:
1746:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1567:Transistor tester
1557:Spectrum analyzer
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1147:Measuring devices
969:Soxhlet extractor
935:
934:
931:
930:
883:Spectrophotometer
878:Pipeclay triangle
630:Mortar and pestle
74:
73:
1839:
1666:
1653:
1642:
1547:Network analyzer
1474:
1461:
1294:
1281:
954:
941:
923:Inoculation loop
793:Microtiter plate
733:Test tube holder
625:Magnetic stirrer
513:
502:
487:
480:
473:
464:
459:
457:
456:
430:
425:
419:
408:
402:
397:
299:bomb calorimeter
188:
187:
183:
178:
177:
173:
130:, are made from
29:
22:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1788:
1784:Solvent cabinet
1743:
1714:Eyewash station
1697:
1662:
1660:equipment (PPE)
1659:
1647:
1628:
1607:
1576:
1520:
1511:Pulse generator
1477:Control devices
1468:
1447:
1411:
1377:Thermochemistry
1371:
1348:
1288:
1267:
1236:
1193:
1159:Conical measure
1142:
1111:
1048:
1017:
994:
978:
948:
927:
908:Test tube brush
818:
803:Picotiter plate
766:
752:
748:Lab drying rack
707:Extension clamp
683:
664:
603:
589:
525:
507:
496:
491:
454:
452:
449:Chemistry World
442:
439:
437:Further reading
434:
433:
426:
422:
409:
405:
398:
394:
389:
381:solvent columns
377:solvent columns
364:
343:vac transferred
317:often called a
307:
279:
219:
195:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
155:
94:Wilhelm Schlenk
86:reaction vessel
59:Wilhelm Schlenk
49:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1781:
1779:Safety cabinet
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1739:Safety goggles
1736:
1734:Safety glasses
1731:
1729:Nitrile gloves
1726:
1724:Medical gloves
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1699:
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1638:
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1634:
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1627:
1626:
1621:
1619:Alligator clip
1615:
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1609:
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1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1593:Soldering iron
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
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1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1537:Logic analyzer
1534:
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1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
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1513:
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1503:
1498:
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1494:Voltage source
1491:
1489:Current source
1480:
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1457:
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1428:Colony counter
1425:
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1110:
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1099:
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1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Vacuum (Dewar)
1064:
1058:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
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1025:
1023:
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738:Test tube rack
735:
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719:
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713:Funnel support
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673:
669:
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622:
620:Liquid whistle
617:
612:
606:
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594:
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587:
585:Vacuum dry box
582:
577:
572:
569:
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547:Heating mantle
544:
539:
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532:Alcohol burner
528:
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373:solvent stills
363:
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278:
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225:A pear-shaped
218:
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1693:Safety shower
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1604:
1603:Wire stripper
1601:
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1471:
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1434:
1433:Spiral plater
1431:
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1299:
1297:Compositional
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839:Balance brush
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815:Weighing dish
814:
812:Weighing boat
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416:0-471-86773-X
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369:solvent still
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227:Schlenk flask
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121:Schlenk lines
118:
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110:
106:
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99:
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91:
90:air-sensitive
87:
83:
79:
78:Schlenk flask
70:
67:
65:Related items
63:
60:
57:
53:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
20:Schlenk flask
1764:Fire blanket
1702:Eye and hand
1688:Rubber apron
1552:Oscilloscope
1516:Potentiostat
1443:Plate reader
1339:pH indicator
1309:CHN analyzer
1304:AutoAnalyzer
1101:
1097:Round-bottom
990:Boston round
853:Filter paper
808:Refrigerator
725:Retort stand
693:Clamp holder
689:Beaker clamp
655:Vortex mixer
650:Stirring rod
645:Static mixer
575:Teclu burner
453:. Retrieved
448:
423:
406:
395:
380:
376:
372:
368:
365:
355:benzophenone
342:
338:
324:
319:solvent bomb
318:
315:Straus flask
314:
305:Straus flask
296:
288:
280:
277:Schlenk bomb
266:Schlenk bomb
265:
240:
226:
204:
167:Schlenk line
160:
156:
140:
125:
102:ground glass
82:Schlenk tube
81:
77:
75:
69:Schlenk line
40:Schlenk tube
1752:Other items
1678:Face shield
1525:Measurement
1506:Galvanostat
1466:Electronics
1416:Other items
1402:Thermometer
1385:Calorimeter
1314:Colorimeter
1258:Gas syringe
1241:Other items
1169:Eye dropper
1044:Watch glass
1029:Evaporating
1008:Cold finger
823:Other items
729:Screw clamp
721:Pinch clamp
710:Flask clamp
660:Wash bottle
615:Homogenizer
362:Solvent pot
349:dried over
339:solvent pot
211:plug valves
147:glassblower
109:inert gases
37:Other names
1816:Categories
1683:Respirator
1624:Test probe
1542:Multimeter
1354:Microscopy
1174:Eudiometer
1138:Separatory
1107:Volumetric
1072:Erlenmeyer
1000:Condensers
964:Dean–Stark
913:Wire brush
873:Microscope
868:Centrifuge
843:Cork borer
798:Petri dish
773:Agar plate
760:Containers
743:Wire gauze
580:Water bath
542:Desiccator
455:2011-07-01
387:References
270:plug valve
1774:Fume hood
1719:Glove box
1572:Voltmeter
957:Apparatus
946:Glassware
835:Autoclave
830:Aspirator
783:Incubator
717:Iron ring
640:Sonicator
610:Chemostat
552:Hot plate
255:glove box
193:Varieties
50:Inert gas
1673:Lab coat
1598:Tweezers
1588:Heat gun
1344:pH meter
1253:Bell jar
1133:Dropping
1087:Florence
1077:Fernbach
1039:Syracuse
898:Scoopula
848:Crucible
557:Lab oven
247:stopcock
231:stopcock
207:stopcock
134:such as
113:nitrogen
105:stopcock
55:Inventor
1612:General
1532:Ammeter
1232:Thistle
1189:Pipette
1164:Cuvette
1154:Burette
1123:BĂĽchner
1116:Funnels
1102:Schlenk
1082:Fleaker
1062:BĂĽchner
983:Bottles
903:Spatula
893:Stopper
863:Forceps
763:Storage
680:Holders
600:Shakers
571:Striker
519:Heaters
506:General
292:spatula
184:⁄
174:⁄
84:, is a
1646:Safety
1248:Beaker
1227:Thiele
1212:Cragie
1207:Drying
1128:Hirsch
1092:Retort
1054:Flasks
1022:Dishes
1013:Liebig
974:Kipp's
888:Splint
698:Tripod
676:Clamps
672:Stands
635:Shaker
597:Mixers
522:Dryers
414:
351:sodium
283:Teflon
251:septum
235:septum
48:Vacuum
1581:Tools
1199:Tubes
1034:Petri
136:Pyrex
117:argon
111:like
80:, or
1263:Vial
1222:Test
858:File
562:Kiln
451:: 69
412:ISBN
353:and
98:PTFE
45:Uses
186:760
176:760
115:or
100:or
1818::
447:.
337:A
313:A
149:.
138:.
76:A
486:e
479:t
472:v
458:.
418:.
182:1
172:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
