147:
1303:
524:
733:
747:
2536:
43:
2546:
2525:
563:
programs to the
American public using telecommunication broadcast technologies. Funds are allocated to support the Pan-Pacific Educational and Cultural Experiments by Satellite (PEACESAT) project, which provides satellite-delivered education, medical, and environmental emergency telecommunications to numerous small-island countries and territories in the Pacific Ocean area.
394:
2556:
693:
availability and capability needed for full internet engagement. In the last year, broadband access in households has increased nearly five percent and the number of people not using the internet is down over three percent. Yet, lower demographic groups continue to lack behind in internet capability.
684:
These programs collected data used by the NTIA to refurbish a public interactive
National Broadband Map that was released in February 2011. The map was authorized by Congress with the 2008 Broadband Data Improvement Act and was funded through the 2009 economic stimulus bill. The map will continue to
696:
The NTIA also found that many community anchor institutions are generally underserved in broadband connectivity. The data showed that two-thirds of the surveyed schools were signed up for broadband service that provide less than half the speed that educational technology studies recommend and only
645:
access across the United States. Of the grant, $ 4.7 billion was allocated to provide for the implementation of broadband infrastructure, develop and amplify public computer centers, encourage reasonable adoption of broadband service, and create and sustain a nationwide map of broadband proficiency
1100:
692:
around the United States in under-equipped communities as well as assisting businesses and consumers to educate them on broadband internet options. The NTIA's findings show that while strides were made in broadband development and implementation, many people and institutions lack the broadband
562:
Additionally, the OTIA is involved with the Public
Telecommunications Facilities Program (PTFP), a competitive grant program that assists public broadcasting stations, state and local governments, Indian tribes, and non-profit organizations construct facilities to bring educational and cultural
431:
and video programming. Issues the OPAD deals with include making sure all
Americans have access to integrated broadband services, content is regulated to keep children safe on the Internet, competition in the telecommunication and information industries are cooperative and that users privacy is
669:
Since the program commenced, NTIA allocated $ 293 million to 56 grantees, which include one from each state, five territories and the
District of Columbia. Grantees are responsible for funding the creation, expansion and maintenance, as well as supporting and encouraging the use of, broadband
661:
The third project that the BTOP plans to address is
Sustainable Broadband Adoption. This project will center in on increasing broadband internet usage, specifically in areas where broadband technology has been unavailable or underutilized. This includes digital literacy training and outreach
469:
By leveraging the knowledge of the Office of
Spectrum Management, Office of Policy Analysis and Development, Office of Telecommunications and Information Applications, and the Institute for Telecommunications Sciences, the OIA can provide important policy and technical breakdowns to the U.S.
550:
The Office of
Telecommunications and Information Applications (OTIA) collaborates public and non-profit entities in productively using telecommunications and information technologies to complete national goals in addition to adequately providing public services. The OTIA is also currently
653:
Comprehensive
Community Infrastructure is the first of three projects in the BTOP. It aims to develop and unfold new or improved broadband internet facilities as well as to network with schools, libraries, hospitals, public safety facilities and other community anchor institutions.
665:
In 2009, the NTIA also launched the State
Broadband Data and Development Program to carry out the missions of both the Recovery Act and the Broadband Data Improvement Act to establish an encompassing project that sustains the integration of broadband technology into the economy.
574:. The TOP program, which was last awarded grants in 2004, plays a significant role in understanding the vision of an information society by providing logical applications of innovative telecommunications and information technologies in both the public and non-profit sectors.
670:
technology. These efforts are made to aid small businesses and community institutions in the efficient and effective use of technology as well as to conduct research as to the boundaries in broadband expansion and innovation of broadband technology in the future.
700:
Along with the continuous update of the National Broadband Map, the NTIA will sustain its state-driven efforts to increase broadband implementation and will move to expand its collaboration efforts to serve as an expansive network to empower broadband developers.
1108:
542:. Additionally, ITS serves as a key federal appliance in investigating the current telecommunications’ challenges of other federal agencies, state and local governments, private corporations and associations, and international organizations.
514:
The OIA staff helps to participate in U.S. delegations of many different meetings in which global telecommunications and information policy is discussed and developed by providing the negotiators critical policy and expertise advice.
649:
This project, known as the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program is being administered by the NTIA in three levels. The secondary purpose of this project is to reduce the digital gap between the various generation demographics.
60:
657:
The BTOP will also focus on Public Computer centers and will create new public computer facilities or enhance existing facilities that already offer broadband services to the general public or specific vulnerable populations.
411:
The Office of Policy Analysis and Development (OPAD) is the domestic policy division of the NTIA. OPAD is responsible for executing and managing research and analysis and preparing policy recommendations for the
710:
1422:
1216:
1019:
416:. The domestic policy office is responsible for creating policies that promote innovation and growth, both politically and economically, that provide for American businesses and consumers, alike.
212:
570:(MTVA) with $ 29.5 million for the creation and classification costs of the temporary digital television broadcast system in the NYC area until a more permanent facility is finished atop the
455:
sectors. In consultation with other U.S. agencies and the U.S. private sector, OIA partakes in both international and regional conferences and conventions to advocate for policies that open
1459:
538:
and information infrastructure development, strengthening domestic competition, enhancing U.S. telecommunications trade deals, as well as promoting a more effective use of the radio
356:
Helping to bring the benefits of advanced telecommunications technologies to millions of Americans in rural and underserved urban areas through its information infrastructure grants.
2595:
990:
1409:
1366:
1341:
447:
The Office of International Affairs (OIA) is responsible for developing and the implementation of policies to strengthen U.S. companies' ability to compete worldwide in both the
2600:
1384:
1209:
506:
Observe the esteemed role of all stakeholders in the production and facilitation of the Internet as well as telecommunications policy issues occurring in the ICT community
2585:
107:
2590:
2580:
1311:
534:
The Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS) is the research and engineering laboratory of the NTIA. ITS provides technical support to NTIA by further advancing
79:
1417:
1467:
634:
326:
86:
582:
The NTIA's Office of Spectrum Management is in charge of regulating use of spectrum allocated to the federal government. It serves in a manner equivalent to the
1202:
2508:
2480:
2475:
1500:
760:
93:
605:
Participating in all aspects of the federal government’s communications regarding emergency readiness activities and automated information security systems
1447:
1269:
1259:
383:
Promoting efficient use of federal radio spectrum and encouraging the development and implementation of new and emerging telecommunications technologies.
75:
1374:
456:
1442:
1085:
1086:"NTIA Unveils National Broadband Map and New Broadband Adoption Survey Results | National Telecommunications and Information Administration"
566:
The OTIA is also involved with the New York City 9/11 Program and the Technology Opportunities Program (TOP). The NYC 9/11 Program provided the
17:
2502:
1282:
679:
435:
Additionally, OPAD carries out research, files reports, letters and formal comments, and proposes and responds to federal legislation for the
2497:
2487:
2467:
2269:
146:
1287:
1225:
315:
282:
994:
2492:
2338:
1277:
1250:
100:
477:
contemplating the management of the Internet's domain name and numbering system (DNS), which is critical to the overall infrastructure.
2264:
1392:
1160:
618:
2358:
1427:
1071:
583:
436:
126:
2143:
1691:
1493:
1397:
567:
556:
2254:
1349:
552:
2249:
1800:
319:
64:
1042:
2274:
2559:
2549:
2310:
2207:
1750:
1517:
1354:
523:
2539:
2046:
1486:
1331:
1324:
1319:
1015:
198:
617:," is a publication of the OSM, and is the official source for all technical regulations relating to the use of the
2398:
2320:
2259:
1966:
1238:
1101:"Russian government spies are behind a broad hacking campaign that has breached U.S. agencies and a top cyber firm"
718:
190:
2170:
2131:
1976:
1876:
1805:
1738:
1565:
689:
1130:
2529:
1771:
1706:
1659:
1545:
1437:
377:
180:
593:
Establishing and issuing policy overlooking allocations and administrations governing the Federal spectrum use
2368:
2353:
2197:
2148:
2071:
1971:
1649:
1535:
1530:
638:
53:
2290:
2076:
1891:
1836:
1831:
1644:
1609:
1432:
1188:
630:
448:
413:
2192:
1996:
1961:
1881:
1861:
1783:
1671:
1592:
373:
Participating in international government-to-government negotiations to open markets for U.S. companies.
848:
662:
campaigns to educate the general public on the importance and relevance of broadband in everyday life.
815:
389:
Working with Federal, state, and local public safety agencies to address future spectrum requirements.
2106:
2066:
2036:
1793:
1728:
1619:
765:
738:
503:
Open up foreign market opportunities for U.S. Telecommunications and Information Technology companies
2116:
2056:
1815:
1777:
1634:
1575:
1560:
195:
895:
2343:
2300:
2231:
2101:
2031:
2006:
1941:
1788:
1509:
535:
599:
Preparing for, participating in, and establishing the results of international radio conferences
333:' economic and technological advancement and to regulation of the telecommunications industry.
2383:
2305:
2219:
2202:
2165:
2051:
2011:
1841:
1810:
1676:
1570:
428:
323:
2388:
2348:
2328:
2295:
2224:
2182:
2096:
1951:
1936:
1911:
1886:
1846:
1696:
1555:
1550:
1540:
1164:
527:
474:
262:
202:
909:
881:
834:
2016:
1871:
1639:
1602:
1173:
923:
752:
370:
Advocating competition and liberalization of telecommunications policies around the world.
1614:
867:
784:
2214:
2086:
2061:
2021:
1991:
1866:
1701:
1587:
1194:
1178:
1169:
452:
746:
589:
The OSM carries out the responsibilities of managing the radio frequency spectrum by:
2574:
2363:
2136:
2126:
2041:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1901:
1723:
1582:
1246:
571:
330:
206:
268:
Sarah Morris (acting), Deputy Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information
2241:
2081:
2026:
1956:
1921:
1856:
1755:
1745:
1597:
637:, including a $ 7.2 billion grant to the NTIA and U.S. Department of Agriculture's
31:
551:
administering programs that are helping people switch to digital television, the
2441:
2091:
2001:
1986:
1946:
1906:
1765:
1088:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration. February 17, 2011.
714:
611:
NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management
42:
18:
NTIA Manual of Regulations and Procedures for Federal Radio Frequency Management
937:
688:
The National Broadband Map is the foundation for efforts to expand and improve
2446:
2153:
1851:
1760:
1716:
1686:
1664:
1654:
1629:
1255:
728:
364:
227:
214:
2431:
1896:
1711:
685:
be updated every six months with help from grantees and the general public.
642:
386:
Performing long-term research to explore uses of higher frequency spectrum.
896:"Pan-Pacific Educational and Cultural Experiments by Satellite (PEACESAT)"
393:
2426:
2416:
2333:
2158:
1981:
539:
424:
420:
350:
1151:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration official site
2421:
2406:
938:"Manual of Regulations for Federal Radiofrequency Spectrum Management"
2451:
2411:
1733:
1525:
1478:
977:"State Broadband Initiative | BTOP / SBI Archived Grant Program"
697:
four percent of libraries subscribe to recommended broadband speeds.
1131:"Suspected Russian hackers spied on U.S. Treasury emails - sources"
798:
367:
broadcasters to extend and maintain the reach of their programming.
2436:
2373:
1681:
962:
621:. The NTIA is the regulating agency for all Federal spectrum use.
596:
Assigning plans for both peacetime and wartime use of the spectrum
522:
392:
360:
346:
976:
2378:
1184:
1046:
546:
Office of Telecommunications and Information Applications (OTIA)
1482:
1198:
1067:
419:
These policies affect how Americans use and gain access to the
1624:
1020:
U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
36:
979:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
965:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
926:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
912:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
898:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
884:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
870:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
851:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
837:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
818:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
801:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
787:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration.
380:
for national defense, public safety, and U.S. business needs.
1155:
940:. National Telecommunications and Information Administration
76:"National Telecommunications and Information Administration"
1150:
466:
Formulate international ICT policy, goals, and strategies:
1293:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
1161:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
308:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
140:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
1460:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology
376:
Negotiating with foreign governments to ensure adequate
265:, Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information
991:"NTIA, FCC Release National Broadband Map – Datamation"
1423:
Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
293:
1410:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
1367:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property
1342:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security
345:
Working to ensure that all Americans have affordable
30:"NTIA" redirects here. For the island off Crete, see
1043:"Stimulus bill includes $ 7.2 billion for broadband"
2460:
2397:
2319:
2283:
2240:
2181:
2115:
1824:
1516:
1458:
1408:
1385:
Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade
1383:
1365:
1340:
1310:
1268:
849:"ITS: The Nation's Spectrum and Communications Lab"
288:
278:
255:
243:
186:
176:
158:
153:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
816:"Office of Policy Analysis and Development (OPAD)"
500:Carry the profits of ICTs to the global community
473:The OIA also provides long-lasting advice to the
1312:Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs
1170:Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment Program
963:"About | BTOP / SBI Archived Grant Program"
407:Office of Policy Analysis and Development (OPAD)
1418:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1468:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1016:"Senate Passes Broadband Data Improvement Act"
882:"Public Telecommunications Facilities Program"
635:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
519:Institute for Telecommunication Sciences (ITS)
2596:United States Department of Commerce agencies
1494:
1210:
8:
761:First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet)
139:
2601:Regulatory authorities of the United States
2509:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
957:
955:
359:Providing the hardware that enables public
2545:
1501:
1487:
1479:
1217:
1203:
1195:
557:Public Safety Interoperable Communications
1375:United States Patent and Trademark Office
785:"Office of the Assistant Secretary (OAS)"
470:negotiators and interagency consignments.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2586:1978 establishments in the United States
553:Broadband Technology Opportunity Program
457:information and communication technology
2591:United States communications regulation
2581:Government agencies established in 1978
1129:Bing, Christopher (December 14, 2020).
1041:Condon, Stephanie (February 17, 2009).
862:
860:
858:
835:"Office of International Affairs (OIA)"
776:
439:(FCC) and other regulatory committees.
1283:National Technical Information Service
1099:Nakashima, Ellen (December 13, 2020).
924:"The Technology Opportunities Program"
810:
808:
680:Broadband mapping in the United States
530:, administrator of the NTIA since 2022
485:The goal of the OIA here is to foster
462:The two main goals of the OIA are to:
138:
868:"Office of Spectrum Management (OSM)"
829:
827:
825:
459:(ICT) markets and boost competition.
443:Office of International Affairs (OIA)
7:
2555:
1288:Minority Business Development Agency
1226:United States Department of Commerce
316:United States Department of Commerce
283:United States Department of Commerce
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1278:Economic Development Administration
578:Office of Spectrum Management (OSM)
1448:Oceanic & Atmospheric Research
1393:International Trade Administration
619:electromagnetic frequency spectrum
602:Maintaining spectrum use databases
25:
1072:Federal Communications Commission
584:Federal Communications Commission
437:Federal Communications Commission
2554:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2523:
2144:Free-space optical communication
1443:Marine & Aviation Operations
1301:
745:
731:
568:Metropolitan Television Alliance
145:
41:
1350:Bureau of Industry and Security
482:Advocate U.S. policy interests
52:needs additional citations for
271:Grace Abuhamad, Chief of Staff
1:
1189:NTIA's National Broadband Map
910:"NYC 9/11 Digital Transition"
397:A Park Service radio license.
2530:Telecommunication portal
2311:Telecommunications equipment
1355:Office of Export Enforcement
1270:Deputy Secretary of Commerce
1260:Deputy Secretary of Commerce
1068:"FCC National Broadband Map"
491:flexible policy environments
341:Among its stated goals are:
2047:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1332:Bureau of Economic Analysis
1325:Federal Audit Clearinghouse
1179:Broadband Connectivity Fund
164:; 46 years ago
2617:
1751:Telecommunications history
1239:Herbert C. Hoover Building
1181:account on USAspending.gov
677:
251:US$ 46 million (est. 2011)
249:US$ 40 million (est. 2010)
191:Herbert C. Hoover Building
29:
27:American government agency
2518:
2359:Public Switched Telephone
2171:telecommunication circuit
2132:Fiber-optic communication
1877:Francis Blake (telephone)
1672:Optical telecommunication
1299:
1232:
690:broadband internet access
228:38.8943000°N 77.0328000°W
144:
2270:Orbital angular-momentum
1707:Satellite communications
1546:Communications satellite
1428:Marine Fisheries Service
322:'s principal adviser on
181:United States government
2149:Molecular communication
1972:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
1801:Undersea telegraph line
1536:Cable protection system
1191:is no longer available)
639:Rural Utilities Service
233:38.8943000; -77.0328000
2291:Communication protocol
2077:Charles Sumner Tainter
1892:Walter Houser Brattain
1837:Edwin Howard Armstrong
1645:Information revolution
719:nation state adversary
717:likely conducted by a
711:suffered a data breach
674:National Broadband Map
631:United States Congress
629:In February 2009, the
559:(PSIC) Grant Program.
531:
449:Information Technology
398:
314:) is an agency of the
2265:Polarization-division
1997:Narinder Singh Kapany
1962:Erna Schneider Hoover
1882:Jagadish Chandra Bose
1862:Alexander Graham Bell
1593:online video platform
1251:Secretary of Commerce
613:, also known as the "
526:
396:
247:US$ 34 million (2009)
2107:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2067:Almon Brown Strowger
2037:Charles Grafton Page
1692:Prepaid mobile phone
1620:Electrical telegraph
1320:Bureau of the Census
1022:. September 26, 2008
739:United States portal
61:improve this article
2057:Johann Philipp Reis
1816:Wireless revolution
1778:The Telephone Cases
1635:Hydraulic telegraph
1156:NTIA's BTOP website
1105:The Washington Post
721:, possibly Russia.
318:that serves as the
224: /
196:Constitution Avenue
141:
2255:Frequency-division
2232:Telephone exchange
2102:Charles Wheatstone
2032:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2007:Innocenzo Manzetti
1942:Reginald Fessenden
1677:Optical telegraphy
1510:Telecommunications
1398:Commercial Service
709:In 2020, the NTIA
646:and availability.
586:for this purpose.
536:telecommunications
532:
423:services like the
399:
329:pertaining to the
324:telecommunications
2568:
2567:
2306:Store and forward
2301:Data transmission
2215:Network switching
2166:Transmission line
2012:Guglielmo Marconi
1977:Internet pioneers
1842:Mohamed M. Atalla
1811:Whistled language
1476:
1475:
1185:FCC Broadband Map
429:telephone service
304:
303:
256:Agency executives
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2608:
2558:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2399:Notable networks
2389:Wireless network
2329:Cellular network
2321:Types of network
2296:Computer network
2183:Network topology
2097:Thomas A. Watson
1952:Oliver Heaviside
1937:Philo Farnsworth
1912:Daniel Davis Jr.
1887:Charles Bourseul
1847:John Logie Baird
1556:Data compression
1551:Computer network
1503:
1496:
1489:
1480:
1305:
1304:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1165:Federal Register
1139:
1138:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1107:. Archived from
1096:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
993:. Archived from
987:
981:
980:
973:
967:
966:
959:
950:
949:
947:
945:
934:
928:
927:
920:
914:
913:
906:
900:
899:
892:
886:
885:
878:
872:
871:
864:
853:
852:
845:
839:
838:
831:
820:
819:
812:
803:
802:
795:
789:
788:
781:
755:
750:
749:
741:
736:
735:
734:
705:2020 data breach
528:Alan B. Davidson
475:Executive Branch
414:Executive Branch
300:
297:
295:
263:Alan B. Davidson
239:
238:
236:
235:
234:
229:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
203:Washington, D.C.
172:
170:
165:
149:
142:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2456:
2393:
2315:
2279:
2236:
2185:
2177:
2118:
2111:
2017:Robert Metcalfe
1872:Tim Berners-Lee
1820:
1640:Information Age
1512:
1507:
1477:
1472:
1454:
1438:Weather Service
1404:
1379:
1361:
1336:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1264:
1228:
1223:
1174:USAspending.gov
1147:
1142:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1000:
998:
989:
988:
984:
975:
974:
970:
961:
960:
953:
943:
941:
936:
935:
931:
922:
921:
917:
908:
907:
903:
894:
893:
889:
880:
879:
875:
866:
865:
856:
847:
846:
842:
833:
832:
823:
814:
813:
806:
797:
796:
792:
783:
782:
778:
774:
753:Politics portal
751:
744:
737:
732:
730:
727:
707:
682:
676:
627:
580:
548:
521:
487:pro-competitive
445:
409:
404:
339:
292:
274:
250:
248:
232:
230:
226:
223:
218:
215:
213:
211:
210:
209:
193:
168:
166:
163:
154:Agency overview
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2542:
2532:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2250:Space-division
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2087:Camille Tissot
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2062:Claude Shannon
2059:
2054:
2052:Tivadar Puskás
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Antonio Meucci
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:Charles K. Kao
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1967:Harold Hopkins
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Emile Berliner
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1806:Videotelephony
1803:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1709:
1704:
1702:Radiotelephone
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Internet video
1580:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1236:Headquarters:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1176:
1167:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1145:External links
1143:
1141:
1140:
1121:
1091:
1077:
1059:
1033:
1007:
982:
968:
951:
929:
915:
901:
887:
873:
854:
840:
821:
804:
790:
775:
773:
770:
769:
768:
763:
757:
756:
742:
726:
723:
706:
703:
675:
672:
626:
623:
607:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
579:
576:
547:
544:
520:
517:
512:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
504:
501:
495:
494:
480:
479:
478:
471:
453:Communications
444:
441:
408:
405:
403:
400:
391:
390:
387:
384:
381:
374:
371:
368:
357:
354:
338:
335:
302:
301:
290:
286:
285:
280:
276:
275:
273:
272:
269:
266:
259:
257:
253:
252:
245:
241:
240:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2613:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2561:
2553:
2551:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2531:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2275:Code-division
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Time-division
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:and switching
2184:
2180:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:optical fiber
2135:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2127:Coaxial cable
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:Radia Perlman
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Lee de Forest
1930:
1928:
1927:Thomas Edison
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:Donald Davies
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Claude Chappe
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:Smoke signals
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:Semiconductor
1722:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1583:Digital media
1581:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Ocean Service
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:Gina Raimondo
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1111:on 2020-12-13
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
997:on 2011-02-21
996:
992:
986:
983:
978:
972:
969:
964:
958:
956:
952:
939:
933:
930:
925:
919:
916:
911:
905:
902:
897:
891:
888:
883:
877:
874:
869:
863:
861:
859:
855:
850:
844:
841:
836:
830:
828:
826:
822:
817:
811:
809:
805:
800:
794:
791:
786:
780:
777:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
748:
743:
740:
729:
724:
722:
720:
716:
712:
704:
702:
698:
694:
691:
686:
681:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
625:Broadband USA
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
591:
590:
587:
585:
577:
575:
573:
572:Freedom Tower
569:
564:
560:
558:
554:
545:
543:
541:
537:
529:
525:
518:
516:
505:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:
481:
476:
472:
468:
467:
465:
464:
463:
460:
458:
454:
450:
442:
440:
438:
433:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
406:
401:
395:
388:
385:
382:
379:
375:
372:
369:
366:
362:
358:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:
342:
336:
334:
332:
331:United States
328:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
299:
291:
287:
284:
281:
279:Parent agency
277:
270:
267:
264:
261:
260:
258:
254:
246:
244:Annual budget
242:
237:
216:38°53′39.48″N
208:
204:
200:
197:
192:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
161:
157:
152:
148:
143:
131:
128:
120:
117:February 2016
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2242:Multiplexing
2117:Transmission
2082:Nikola Tesla
2072:Henry Sutton
2027:Samuel Morse
1957:Robert Hooke
1922:Amos Dolbear
1857:John Bardeen
1776:
1756:Telautograph
1660:Mobile phone
1615:Edholm's law
1598:social media
1531:Broadcasting
1292:
1237:
1134:
1124:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1104:
1094:
1080:
1062:
1050:. Retrieved
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1010:
999:. Retrieved
995:the original
985:
971:
942:. Retrieved
932:
918:
904:
890:
876:
843:
799:"About NTIA"
793:
779:
766:White Spaces
713:following a
708:
699:
695:
687:
683:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
628:
614:
610:
608:
588:
581:
565:
561:
555:(BTOP), and
549:
533:
513:
490:
486:
461:
446:
434:
418:
410:
402:Main offices
340:
337:Agency goals
311:
307:
305:
219:77°1′58.08″W
187:Headquarters
177:Jurisdiction
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
32:Dia (island)
2442:NPL network
2154:Radio waves
2092:Alfred Vail
2002:Hedy Lamarr
1987:Dawon Kahng
1947:Elisha Gray
1907:Yogen Dalal
1832:Nasir Ahmed
1766:Teleprinter
1630:Heliographs
1172:account on
1052:January 21,
1026:January 21,
944:January 21,
715:cyberattack
641:to bolster
633:passed the
432:protected.
231: /
2575:Categories
2488:Antarctica
2447:Toasternet
2369:Television
1852:Paul Baran
1784:Television
1768:(teletype)
1761:Telegraphy
1739:transistor
1717:Phryctoria
1687:Photophone
1665:Smartphone
1655:Mass media
1256:Don Graves
1115:2020-12-14
1001:2011-05-03
772:References
678:See also:
365:television
87:newspapers
2472:Americas
2461:Locations
2432:Internet2
2193:Bandwidth
1897:Vint Cerf
1794:streaming
1772:Telephone
1712:Semaphore
1603:streaming
643:broadband
320:president
2540:Category
2427:Internet
2417:CYCLADES
2334:Ethernet
2284:Concepts
2208:terminal
2159:wireless
1982:Bob Kahn
1825:Pioneers
1650:Internet
1541:Cable TV
725:See also
615:Red Book
540:spectrum
425:Internet
421:wireless
378:spectrum
353:service.
351:cable TV
327:policies
2560:Commons
2550:Outline
2503:Oceania
2422:FidoNet
2407:ARPANET
2220:circuit
1789:digital
1518:History
1163:in the
1135:Reuters
289:Website
167: (
101:scholar
2498:Europe
2468:Africa
2452:Usenet
2412:BITNET
2349:Mobile
2225:packet
1734:MOSFET
1729:device
1526:Beacon
159:Formed
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2481:South
2476:North
2437:JANET
2374:Telex
2364:Radio
2203:Nodes
2198:Links
2119:media
1697:Radio
1682:Pager
1610:Drums
1576:video
1571:image
1561:audio
493:that:
361:radio
347:phone
194:1401
108:JSTOR
94:books
2493:Asia
2379:UUCP
2339:ISDN
1054:2023
1047:CNET
1028:2023
946:2023
609:The
489:and
451:and
363:and
349:and
312:NTIA
306:The
298:.gov
296:.doc
294:ntia
207:U.S.
169:1978
162:1978
80:news
2384:WAN
2354:NGN
2344:LAN
1625:Fax
1566:DCT
63:by
2577::
1258:,
1249:,
1133:.
1103:.
1070:.
1045:.
1018:.
954:^
857:^
824:^
807:^
427:,
205:,
201:,
199:NW
2511:)
2507:(
1502:e
1495:t
1488:v
1218:e
1211:t
1204:v
1187:(
1137:.
1118:.
1074:.
1056:.
1030:.
1004:.
948:.
310:(
171:)
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.