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ground became affected. With roads washed out, small boats were used. This flood affected the entire municipality and destroyed or damaged many of the homes. Flooding from the
Samaria River affected Chontal communities such as Guácimo, Pastal, Chcozapote, Guatacalca and Oxiacaque in the municipality in October 2011. Residents here blame the flood on discharge from the Peñitas Dam. Twenty five percent of the state's fresh water passes through the municipality. It has a large amount of surface water in the form of rivers, streams and lakes. The most important rivers include Carrizal, Samaria, Cunduacán, Nacajuca, González, Calzada, San Cipriano and Jahuactal, and the important lakes are Cantemó, La Ramada, Desagüe and Pucté.
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Aztecs called them. Their language is of the Mayan family, which is descended from a language spoken in southeastern Mexico four thousand years ago. It belongs to the Ch’ol subgroup and further divides today into several mutually intelligible dialects. There are three main dialects, North, South and
Tapotzingo, with North and Tapotzingo centered on the Nacajuca area. The number of speakers of Chontal Maya have been increasing since 1980 with about 60% of the ethnic population able to speak it at least somewhat. These speakers are almost always bilingual. One reason for this is the introduction of bilingual education in the 1970s.
357:, noticing that the local population had pale faces, generally due to the prevalence of malaria. In 1525, the Spanish Crown gifted a painting of the king to the village of Tucta in recognition of that community's alliance with the Spanish. Despite the early Spanish arrival, the area was not easily pacified, with Francisco de Montego trying and failing in 1528. However, the people of the village of Tucta eventually allied with the Spanish. The area was completely under Spanish control by 1550. After this year, the Spanish began to infiltrate and live in the villages of the municipality to established
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year. The arrival of oil exploration in the area in the 1980s led to a rise in construction and some service industries in the area. The
Chontal Maya especially became employed in construction. Many became drawn to outside employment as agriculture no longer provided sufficient living. Most other industry is from family concerns and small workshops making furniture, piloncillo, brooms, bread and decorating clothing. Reed craft is also important making mats, hats and carrying bags. Leatherwork generally consists of belts and saddles. There are also some ceramic making.
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290:. The main facade has three levels with a triangular crest. The facade is flanked by two towers with four levels and a spire decorated with doves, which support a metallic cross. The facade has pointed arches with three entrances, windows on the second level of the portal and the third and fourth levels of the towers. The third level of the portal has a
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creates dresses, blouses, shirts, tablecloths and napkins, all with colorful embroidery mostly on the borders. These are particularly prevalent on traditional women's dress with colors such as red, green, yellow, orange, blue and brown over a black background. The borders often contain images such as flower, animals, fruit and even landscapes.
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The main natural resource for the municipality is petroleum which is managed by the state-owned oil company PEMEX. It has twenty three wells in the area in two fields called Sen and Mecoacán. The two fields produce over nineteen million barrels of oil and over 52 billion cubic feet of natural gas per
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Nacajuca is a major center of the state's
Chontal Maya population, which principally live in the north-center of Tabasco. They call themselves “yoko yinikob” and “yoko ixikob” which mean true men and true women respectively. The name Chontal comes from Nahuatl and means “foreigner” originally how the
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The municipality has a surface of 48,837 hectares. Five percent of this is used for agriculture, 43% is for livestock, 48% is forest or other wild areas and the rest is developed or not considered productive. Major crops are corn and beans both principally produced for auto-consumption. Livestock is
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Considered to have a low level of economic marginalization. As of 2010, the number of homes in the municipality was 19,670, 29,029 residences as of 2010 up from 19,670 in 2005, most of which were owned by their occupants. Most homes in the municipality (just under 90%) have cement foundations, brick
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Average annual rainfall for the area is 1707.2mm with
September accounting for most of the precipitation at an average of 735.8mm. The driest month is April with 251.2mm. Average annual relative humidity ranges from 78% in May and June to 85% in January and February. The windiest months are November
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The climate is hot and humid with abundant rain year round, especially in the summer. The average annual temperature is 26.4C. Highest temperatures occur in May with an average of 30.8C and low temperatures generally occur in
January with an average of 22.4C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever
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community was estimated at 36.9% of the total. Fourteen of the municipality's communities are considered to be primarily indigenous, another four predominantly indigenous and six with a large indigenous population. Those without strong indigenous presence number 38. Communities with a strong
Chontal
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celebration in early
February masses, dances and fireworks. Another aspect is the use of leafy tree branches used as offerings to religious images in the hope for good crops and livestock production for the coming year. Traditional dress for women consists of a long, full flowered skirt and a white
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The territory is flat with an elevation of about ten meters above sea level. There are no notable hills. Its low terrain makes it very vulnerable to flooding. During the 2007 floods, which affected 80% of the state with a million people affected, the city of
Nacajuca and other communities on higher
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The dominant ecosystem in the municipality is wetland with a wide variety of flora and fauna. However, this ecosystem has been badly degraded by overexploitation. In addition, there are some areas with lakes, grassland and forests. The little forest area has also been seriously threatened by over
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market. These serve about 94% of the municipality's population. The main tourist attraction of the area is the handcraft workshops in
Olcuatitán, Mazateupa and Tapotzingo, along with the municipality's colorful churches with Chontal influence. The Arroyo Ranch, five km from the city of Nacajuca,
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In 1579, Melchor Alfaro of Nacajuca created a map and diary of Tabasco to be sent to the Spanish Crown. The first church and first royal treasury of Tabasco was built in the town in 1614. By 1665, the community's name was modified to Nacajuca and was the governmental authority for thirteen other
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as well as the second level of the towers. Another is found on the north tower which the south tower has a clock. The interior has a basilica layout with the central nave higher than the side ones. This permits illumination from the windows in the center as well as the side windows.
272:. It is the seat for the municipality of the same name with all governmental functions thereof. It also is the location for most state and federal buildings and services as well. Its main economic activities are commerce and agriculture. It has a population of about 8,200 people.
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population. Although the local economy is still based on agriculture and livestock, oil production, handcrafts and some tourism are important aspects as well. The environment of the area is low-lying flat land susceptible to flooding including being hard hit by the
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Development of the commerce sector is slow to stagnant due to the lack of infrastructure. Most establishments sell basic goods such as foodstuffs. However, there are banks, restaurants, gas stations, auto parts, and supermarkets. The municipality has three
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cotton blouse embroidered around the neck. For men, it consists of white cotton pants and shirt with a red handkerchief around the neck with a hat called “chontal”, carrying back and machete. Traditional foodstuffs include a plant called guao (
526:. One difference is that these “camellones” are formed to a large extent from cacao pods. Despite the fish farming which does occur among thirty cooperatives and eighteen ejido organizations, most fishing is still for auto-consumption.
315:. The municipality's seal was created in 1998. It contains images related to the area's Chontal population, its wetlands environment with a snail speaking in the center. Underneath is the world “YIXTUP” which is its name in the
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The municipality's culture is strongly influenced by the Chontal Maya population especially in religious traditions which are a syncretism of Catholic and indigenous rituals. The village of Olcuatitlán is noted for its
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In 1852, the municipality was composed of the town of Nacajuca as seat along with the communities of, Mazateupa, Tapotzingo, Guatacalca, Tecoluta, Guaytalpa, Olcuatitán, Oxiacaque along with the farmland among them.
408:. However, government census data, which only counts the number of Chontal speakers over the age of five, does not accurately reflect the size of the Chontal community. In 2000, the size of the ethnic
334:. The settlements of the municipality have long histories with their names originally spelled Nacaxuxuca, TĂşcta, Mazateupa, Tapaucingo, Huatacalca, Tecoluta, Huaitalpa, Olcuatitlan and Ohicake.
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or zinc laminate roofs. Just under 72% have running water, about 83% have sewerage and about 93% have electricity. Most homes have between 2 and seven occupants with an average of about five.
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The Parque Central Miguel Hidalgo (Miguel Hidalgo Central Park) marks the historic center of the city and is the site of most of its civic, cultural and recreational events. It has a modest
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Since the 1970s, there have been efforts to form artificial land in lake areas for cultivation and aquaculture. The artificial land is called “camellones Chontales” and is similar to Aztec
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Maya presence include Tucta, Tapotzingo, Mazateupa, Guaytalpa, Tecoluta, Oxiacaque, Guatacalca, Olcuatitán, San Isidro, San Simón, El Sitio, Isla Guadalupe, El Tigre, Guanosolo and Saloya.
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According to the 2010 government census, there are 13,809 speakers of an indigenous language, and almost all indigenous language speakers (over 96%) are speakers of
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Telephone service began in the area in 1896, with an official office in the town. In 1906, a railroad linking the town with Cunduacán and Comalcalco was built.
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In 1844, volunteer companies were created headed by Manuel Antonio LeĂłn, Francisco de Sentmanat y Sayas and Manuel Plasencia to fight off foreign invasion.
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The first Spanish arrived to the area in 1518 making contact with the Chontales here and other parts of the state of Tabasco. In 1524 and 1525,
604:(in Spanish). Mexico: INAFED Instituto para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal and SEGOB SecretarĂa de GobernaciĂłn. 2010. Archived from
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The San Antonio de Padua Temple is located facing the Hidalgo Park. The current construction dates to 1965 in mostly
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and December with speeds of up to 32 km/h. In June and July, average wind speed is 20 km/h.
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practiced extensively in the municipality mostly cattle with some pigs, horses and domestic fowl.
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and means “place of pale or discolored faces.” This name was given to the area by the
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The city of Nacajuca is located in the north of the state of Tabasco, Mexico, in the
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in the southwest corner. It has walkways, garden areas with fig and coconut trees.
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The first culture to dominate the Nacajuca area was Mayan coming from what is now
311:, who notice the pale complexion of most of the people here due to then prevalent
795:[Abandonment by government worshens damage caused by rains in Nacajuca].
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821:(in Spanish). Tabasco, Mexico: Tabasco DirecciĂłn General de Culturas Populares
768:[Tabasco: Indigenous communities in Nacajuca converted into islands].
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676:[History] (in Spanish). Tabasco, Mexico: Municipality of Nacajuca
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743:[Nacajuca Municipality Summary] (in Spanish). Mexico: SEDESOL
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766:"Tabasco: Comunidades indĂgenas de Nacajuca, convertidas en islas"
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type restaurants specializing in regional dishes and seafood.
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along with a legend that reads “People first, things after.”
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793:"Abandono oficial agrava daños por lluvias en Nacajuca"
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Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de MĂ©xico
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René Alberto López; Lorenzo Chim (October 24, 2011).
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376:By 1843, the town was known as San Pedro Nacajuca.
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637:(in Spanish). Tabasco, Mexico: La RegiĂłn newspaper
468:and more, all of which are considered threatened.
386:In 1863, Nacajuca was officially declared a town.
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268:Region, 26 km from the state capital of
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772:(in Spanish). Mexico City. November 5, 2007
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799:(in Spanish). Mexico City. p. 33
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133: • Municipal President
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16:City in the Mexican state of Tabasco
712:[Chontal Maya of Tabasco]
256:and more recent flooding in 2011.
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708:José Manuel Flores López (2006).
392:In 1971, it was declared a city.
279:in the center with a monument to
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741:"Nacajuca Resumen Municipal"
1101:Populated places in Tabasco
57:San Antonio de Padua Church
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213:nacajuca.gob.mx/index.cfm
154: • Municipality
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1070:Tenosique de Pino Suárez
355:Bernal DĂaz del Castillo
19:City in Tabasco, Mexico
710:"Chontales de Tabasco"
365:for the production of
349:in his letters to the
144:10 m (30 ft)
635:"La GuĂa de Nacajuca"
233:Nacajuca Municipality
199:Postal code (of seat)
183: • Summer (
82:18.16917°N 93.01972°W
608:on February 21, 2013
303:The name comes from
511:or block walls and
136:Marco Antonio Leyva
87:18.16917; -93.01972
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484:Comocladia dentate
254:2007 Tabasco flood
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63:Coordinates:
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980:Huimanguillo
976:Huimanguillo
940:Villahermosa
885:Villahermosa
823:. Retrieved
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770:El Universal
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606:the original
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175:(US Central)
825:January 18,
803:January 18,
776:January 18,
747:January 18,
720:January 18,
680:January 18,
641:January 18,
612:January 18,
458:pejelagarto
369:and fruit.
359:encomiendas
292:rose window
85: /
950:Comalcalco
946:Comalcalco
819:"Nacajuca"
797:La Jornada
674:"Historia"
598:"Nacajuca"
547:References
490:, lemons,
450:armadillos
332:Comalcalco
149:Population
128:Government
73:93°01′11″W
70:18°10′09″N
1066:Tenosique
1050:Tacotalpa
1046:Tacotalpa
1020:Macuspana
1016:Macuspana
960:Cunduacán
956:Cunduacán
887:(capital)
874:State of
524:chinampas
479:Candlemas
417:Geography
363:haciendas
328:Guatemala
266:Chontalpa
194:(Central)
163:Time zone
141:Elevation
1095:Category
1030:Nacajuca
1026:Nacajuca
930:Frontera
920:Cárdenas
916:Cárdenas
910:Balancán
906:Balancán
540:tianguis
513:asbestos
446:opossums
343:Honduras
260:The city
225:Yokot'an
221:Nacajuca
46:Nacajuca
31:Yokot'an
29:Yäxtup (
26:Nacajuca
1040:ParaĂso
1036:ParaĂso
876:Tabasco
472:Culture
466:iguanas
426:Climate
324:Chiapas
313:malaria
305:Nahuatl
299:History
241:Tabasco
235:in the
209:Website
172:Central
122:Tabasco
98:Country
1010:Jonuta
1006:Jonuta
990:Jalapa
986:Jalapa
936:Centro
926:Centla
500:palapa
492:mangos
488:papaya
309:Aztecs
245:Mexico
229:Yäxtup
157:83,356
110:Mexico
107:
1060:Teapa
1056:Teapa
714:(PDF)
496:pozol
367:cacao
347:cacao
277:kiosk
237:state
203:86220
192:UTC-5
168:UTC-6
117:State
827:2012
805:2012
778:2012
749:2012
722:2012
682:2012
643:2012
614:2012
361:and
326:and
40:City
896:and
239:of
185:DST
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