452:, spelled locally as daitas, who are servitors of the temple deities. After offering prayers and performing prescribed rituals, the team of daityas (usually about 100) headed by a leader called the "Dalapati" go to the palace of the maharaja Gajapati, who is the chief servitor of the Jagannath Temple, seeking his permission to undertake the journey to find the suitable trees for carving new images of each of the four deities. The King gives them permission by offering them betel nut, in the presence of his Rajaguru or chief priest. The team of daityas, led by their leader walk barefoot about 50 km and halt at Deuli Matha on the first day and then proceed to the
693:
324:. Such a rare occasion usually occurs once in 12 years, but the gap may range from eight to 19 years. In the 20th century, Nabakalebara was celebrated in 1912, 1931, 1950, 1969, 1977 and 1996. In the 21st century, the first Nabakalebara is being held for a period starting from 29 March 2015 and ending with Niladribije on 30 July as per schedule announced by the temple administration. Lord Jagannatha who is a central figure of the rituals is worshipped in the Jagannath Temple, Puri as the king of the Universe. He is hierarchically number one in the
647:
1446:
567:
662:
328:, while the maharaja Gajapati of Puri holds the second position and is the chief servitor of the temple. The maharaja would present gifts to Jagannath but also receive gifts from representatives of feudatory kings, and his jurisdiction extended to tribal areas. To the people of Puri, the gods took the unusual form of huge wooden stumps, since they had lived with the tribal people. While the king got the images deified in a
519:
1914:
226:
347:
604:(soul-substance)) is completed the old images are declared dead. Then these images are carried along with all the secondary deities kept in the chariots and buried at the Koili Baikuntha. This is done as Lord Jagannath is considered to the head of the family of the Daitapati servitors. After the burial (known as "Patali", during the second fortnight of the
299:(divine life force) in the shape of wood, of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra, Goddess Subhadra and Sudarshana, by new ones made of neem tree wood.; the search for the appropriate neem Daru Brahma wood, its carriage to the carving site precedes the start of the Nabakalebara festival. It is begun in the Hindu calendar month of
436:
237:
was started is not known. But on many occasions the deities had to be secretly buried or shifted from the temple when it was attacked by external forces. After the threat had passed the images, though retrieved, had to be made anew and reinstalled. One such recorded event was in 1600 when king Yajati
711:
is an event that is held on the third day of the
Rathayatra when the deities reach the Singhdwar they will be seen decorated with golden ornaments. This was held on 27 July. The gold ornaments are stated to be a donation by King Kapilendra Deb. Initially, ornaments consisted of 135 designs weighing
531:
The tree selected for
Jagannath daru should ordinarily be away from human settlement. It should look dark or dark-red in colour. The trunk of the tree should look straight having four clear branches. The tree, furthermore, should be 7 to 12 cubit high and should have grown near a river or a pond or
332:
after elaborate religious ceremonies of the
Nabakalebara, its tribal incomplete form, called "virupa" was retained but encased with cloth and resin. As the images are made of wood they would inevitably rot, similar to the human beings, and need replacement. It is this replacement which is performed
615:
On completion of the obsequies to the old images, the new images of the four deities are given a protective cover with "Saptavarana" meaning seven substances such as sandalwood paste, musk, resin, silk and so forth. The artists then paint the images with indigenous colours. This activity is done
578:
in the precincts of the temple is made known, the maharaja offers oblations at the
Jagannath temple (also known as Shri Kshetra) before the carving of the idols is started; the king appoints one of his Rajaguru as the chief priest for this occasion. The logs are given a bath on this day which is
596:
embedded in the heart of old idols to the new images. This is done in total secrecy at the midnight hour. Even the priests who perform this task are blindfolded as it is a belief that any one watching this transfer would die. On this occasion there is black out in the entire town. The event was
459:
The servitors then proceed in search of the neem trees appropriate for each of the deities in accordance with the prescribed signs, size, and locations. After selection of the trees they are worshipped, covered with white cloth and then felled. They are then carried on wooden carts in a long
333:
with elaborate rituals called
Nabakalebara. Navakalevara meaning "New Body or re-embodiment" is a composite of two words ‘Nava’ meaning "New" and ‘Kalevara’ meaning "Body". It is only the body of the gods that is changed during the rituals as it would be deteriorate with time but the
447:
Banajaga Yatra (pronounced as Banajāga Jātra) precedes the main events of
Nabakalebara. This yatra or expedition is an expedition undertaken to locate the holy trees or "darus" from which the new idols of the gods are to be carved. This task is entrusted to the rightful
583:
in the two Ashada months, extending to 45 days. The first 15 days of this period is the lunar dark half month (Krishna paksha) designated to start the carving of new images. Then the process of carving of the images of the four deities begins, which is done by fifty
540:
The bark of the tree for
Balabhadra should look light brown in color. The tree needs to have seven branches looking like the form of a canopy and the hood of a cobra. The tree should have the divine marks of a plough, pestle and the weapons of Balabhadra.
35:
209:(adorning the new images of gods with golden attire) on 27 July, with many other rituals being held in between on specific dates. More than 5 million devotees are expected to participate in these rituals held in and around the temple complex of the
628:
priests of the temple as a "final life-infusing ritual." This was scheduled to be done on 16 July 2015. On the day after the images are infused with life they are taken in a procession for viewing by the public, which is called
679:
held on 17 July, the deities will be brought out the next day for the
Rathayatra, which is a grand annual event. The process of building three new chariots to carry the three deities of the temple has already started from the
337:
or the "Brahmapadartha (soul-substance)" within the wooden body (called "Daru Brahma" or the "Prime-Soul enshrined in wood") is transferred from the old images to the new through a secret religious rigmarole.
460:
procession through villages accompanied by beating of drums and cymbals to the venue of a temporary carving shed in the Koili
Baikuntha near the temple. Here, worship is done to the neem logs every day and
1220:
557:
The tree meant for
Sudarsan should be reddish in colour. It should have three branches. There should be a mark of a Chakra on any part of the tree. The tree should also have a depression in the middle.
197:, conforming to the astrological planetary positions. The festival during 2015 involves several schedules, and it has started from 23 March with Banajaga Yatra (a process of search to select the
471:
During 2015, the Banajaga Yatra commenced from Puri on 29 March. Announcement about the location of the daru (neem tree) for Lord Sudarshana was made around midnight on Saturday, 11 April 2015.
427:
Some key events of the rituals before, during and after the Nabakalebara 2015 such as Banajaga Yatra, Debasnana Purnima, Netroutsav, Navajoubana besha, Rath Yatra and Sunabesa are detailed.
684:
day on 24 January 2015. The new images, which are a replica of the old ones which are buried, will be on display for public viewing at the chariot festival which will be held in Puri.
269:. Then, according to the Jagannath temple chronicle sources, Ramachandra Deb, Raja of Khurda, took the sacred remains from Kujang and sanctified it within the new image of Jagannath.
579:
called Snana Poornima or Debasnana Purnima. Concurrently old idols in the temple are also bathed. Following this the temple is closed for devotees. This is known as the period of
1645:
265:
had captured Odisha in 1578. However, Besara Mohanty, a Vaishnava wandering saint had gathered the charred remains of the image, known as "Brahma padartha", and carried it to
624:
After the images are painted, the eyelids of the deities are formally opened in a ritual known as "Netrotsava" meaning "opening of the eyes". This is done exclusively by the
1136:
246:
invaders. When the wooden statues were unearthed by the king he found them in a state of decay and therefore got new images carved and installed on altar of the temple.
1096:
1899:
1228:
1161:
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1283:
549:
The tree meant for Goddess Subhadra should look yellow in colour. It should have five clear branches and bear the mark of a lotus flower with five petals.
1070:
1013:
1250:
1195:
653:
439:
Daityas seek divine blessings of Goddess Kakatpur Mangala at Her temple, to give indications to the location of neem trees for making the idols of
646:
612:
are observed by the daityas for 10 days followed by bathing. A feast is then held on the 12th day and Mahaprasad distributed to the devotees.
1953:
944:
912:
193:
are replaced by a new set of idols; the last such festival of events was held in 1996. The period of the festival is chosen according to the
1334:
592:
around the temple. Following this the new and the old images are kept at one place facing each other to initiate the process of transfer of
1035:
456:
to offer prayers. Four daityas (senior servitors) sleep in front of the goddess seeking divine guidance on the location of the neem trees.
1399:
692:
361:
30 March 2015, Monday: Journey to Deuli Matha. Daitapati's will leave Jagannath Ballava Ashram and will stay at Nua river Bank Ashram.
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174:
965:
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1543:
1512:
1312:
317:
295:
The festival rituals are held over a long period of 65 days to replace the old images known as "Daru Brahma", meaning
320:
month) of Ashadha (June/July), when two lunar months of Ashadha (four lunar fortnights) fall in one year, as per the
1626:
1492:
1477:
1173:
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slated to be conducted within the sanctum sanctorum of the Jagannath temple at the midnight hour of 15 June 2015.
1631:
1590:
1558:
1538:
1487:
1482:
1292:
860:
1938:
1843:
1611:
1585:
1575:
1356:
102:
1522:
1958:
1621:
1568:
1563:
1548:
1392:
453:
1616:
1497:
1467:
492:
210:
80:
106:
1948:
499:
1810:
1595:
498:
The location of daru of Goddess Subhadra was announced on Friday, 24 April 2015. It was found at the
277:
1690:
1315:. Government of Orissa: Official web portal of Nabakalebara 2015. Information Technology Department
990:. Government of Orissa: Official web portal of Nabakalebara 2015. Information Technology Department
968:. Government of Orissa: Official web portal of Nabakalebara 2015. Information Technology Department
1943:
1917:
1815:
1680:
1385:
1116:
1445:
1042:
229:
The idol of the new Jagannath or the Nabakalebara murti on the chariot during rathayatra in 2015
480:
Daru for lord Sudarshana identified at Garh Kuntunia village near Balakati on the outskirts of
1502:
1435:
1258:
940:
908:
465:
190:
934:
1714:
1517:
589:
566:
1820:
1472:
681:
661:
281:
239:
797:. Official Website of Shree Jagannath Temple Administration: National Informatics Center
588:(carpenters) over a period of 21 days. On completion of the carvings the new images are
505:
On 29 April, the location of Lord Jagannath's daru was announced to be Kharipadia under
1889:
1835:
1830:
1790:
700:
518:
440:
321:
266:
194:
34:
1932:
1884:
1825:
1780:
1744:
1734:
1721:
1653:
488:
303:
1859:
1800:
1739:
1728:
1668:
1507:
665:
Rathayatra of the three deities of the Jagannath Temple that is held every year at
329:
234:
225:
170:
20:
346:
902:
885:
238:
is reported to have conducted this ritual after he had retrieved the images from
1879:
1864:
1795:
1775:
1765:
1749:
1685:
481:
374:
273:
262:
733:
712:
about 208 kg but now only 20-30 designs are used to decorate the deities.
1695:
708:
696:
396:
272:
Nabakalebara festival is a much bigger and of longer duration than the annual
250:
202:
182:
1420:
609:
570:
Koili Baikuntha where the deities were buried and Brahma Paribartan happened
288:
tribes. It is said that "proto-types" of this ceremony are practiced by the
198:
178:
1874:
1805:
1770:
1663:
1430:
1425:
409:
249:
Another version of the history is that after Muslims invaded Odisha, the
206:
186:
350:
The carts to transport the holy darus on their way to the Banajaga Yatra
625:
449:
435:
354:
The Nabakalebara 2015 rituals were held as per the following schedule.
334:
306:
300:
254:
794:
461:
296:
289:
285:
243:
214:
84:
1377:
1360:
201:
to make new images to replace the old ones) and will conclude with
691:
660:
565:
517:
434:
345:
325:
258:
224:
157:
1658:
1251:"The Origin of the 'daru' or wooden idols | Sambad English"
904:
Rhythms of Life: Enacting the World with the Goddesses of Orissa
666:
1381:
1137:"Neem tree located to sculpt Lord's idol ahead of Nabakalebara"
936:
The Anthropology of Values: Essays in Honour of Georg Pfeffer
1253:. 29 June 2015. Archived from the original on June 30, 2015.
502:
in Adhangagada under Biridi block in Jagatsinghpur district.
1335:"Odisha for not allowing helicopters during Nabakalebara"
1196:"J'spur Again In Focus: Subhadra Daru Located At Adhanga"
1097:"Odisha Nabakalebara: Daru for Lord Sudarshan identified"
370:
4 April (Saturday) to 17 May 2015 (Sunday): Explore Daru.
367:
3 April 2015, Friday: Worship at Kakatpur Mangala temple.
261:
and had desecrated the Jagannath temple. Following this
861:"Nabakalebara(The Function of New-Embodiment) - Odisha"
616:
during the last fortnight of the Mahaanasara period.
383:
15 June 2015, Monday: Transfer of Brahma at midnight.
1852:
1758:
1706:
1644:
1604:
1531:
1460:
1453:
1413:
153:
145:
137:
129:
121:
113:
98:
90:
76:
68:
60:
52:
44:
27:
1221:"Daru for Lord Jagannath Identified at Kharipadia"
674:
630:
387:
1278:
1276:
1274:
242:where they had been buried during an attack by
309:(10th day of bright half of Lunar month) day.
169:is a celebration of the ancient ritual of the
1393:
8:
1103:. Archived from the original on May 31, 2015
928:
926:
924:
736:. Official web site of temple administration
364:2 April 2015, Thursday: Stay at Deuli Matha.
253:had burnt the images on the coast. Even the
233:The exact year of origin of when the ritual
939:. Pearson Education India. pp. 94–95.
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
734:"Navakalevara:Information About The Ritual"
522:The Jagannath daru on the way to the temple
487:The daru of Lord Balabhadra was found near
1457:
1400:
1386:
1378:
1357:"Lakhs throng to see Lord's Golden Avatar"
1071:"Banajaga Yatra is arduous but thrilling'"
1014:"Banajaga Yatra is arduous but thrilling'"
1007:
1005:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
1291:, vol. 69, July 2013, archived from
1162:"Balabhadra 'Daru' indentified [
1065:
1063:
1307:
1305:
720:
402:22 July 2015, Wednesday: Hera Panchami.
380:5 June 2015, Friday: Carving of images.
1256:
1114:
1012:Mohapatra, Debabrata (27 March 2015).
960:
958:
956:
887:The Orissa Historical Research Journal
832:
728:
726:
724:
574:As the arrival of the new logs called
358:29 March 2015, Sunday: Banajaga Yatra.
24:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
7:
418:30 July 2015, Thursday: Niladribije.
1166:] at Sarala shrine in Jhankada"
415:28 July 2015, Tuesday: Adhara Niti.
405:26 July 2015, Sunday: Bahuda Yatra.
16:Religious festival in Odisha, India
1359:. India News Diary. Archived from
901:Frédérique Apffel-Marglin (2008).
656:Rathyatra during Nabakalebara 2015
284:version of a tribal ritual of the
14:
890:. Superintendent of Museum. 1980.
866:. Government of Orissa e-magazine
1913:
1912:
1444:
645:
33:
1895:Shri Jagannath Temple Act, 1955
635:" (viewing of the new images).
837:Das, Prafulla (6 March 2015).
532:on a crossing of 3 path-ways.
388:
1:
841:. The Frontline. pp. 1–4
464:food offering given till the
312:The rituals are held when an
1954:Religious festivals in India
545:The daru of Goddess Subhadra
173:associated with most of the
907:. Oxford University Press.
675:
631:
1975:
514:Significance of daru trees
509:in Jagatsinghpur district.
18:
1908:
1442:
1263:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1121:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1036:"ମାର୍ଚ ୨୯ରୁ ବନଯାଗ ଯାତ୍ରା"
795:"Rituals of Nabakalebara"
600:Once the transfer of the
103:Gajapati Ramachandra Deba
32:
1844:Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka
1337:. Zee News. 10 June 2015
1041:. ସମ୍ବାଦ. Archived from
395:18 July 2015, Saturday:
1786:Atibadi Jagannatha Dasa
454:Kakatpur Mangala Temple
177:when the idols of Lord
988:"Story of Daru Brahma"
704:
670:
571:
536:The daru of Balabhadra
523:
493:Jagatsinghpur district
444:
386:17 July 2015, Friday:
373:2 June 2015, Tuesday:
351:
257:defied the command of
230:
211:Jagannath Temple, Puri
81:Jagannath Temple, Puri
933:Peter Berger (2010).
839:"The Rebirth in Puri"
695:
664:
569:
527:The daru of Jagannath
521:
500:Nilakantheswar Temple
438:
349:
276:at Puri According to
228:
149:Gajapati Maharaj Puri
1811:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
1048:on February 11, 2015
699:or golden attire of
676:Naba jaubana darshan
632:Naba jaubana darshan
608:period) the funeral
553:The daru of Sudarsan
389:Naba jaubana darshan
278:Anncharlott Eschmann
475:Collection of darus
158:nabakalebara.gov.in
141:5 million (approx.)
107:Abhinav Indradyumna
1816:Madhavi Pattanayak
1225:New Indian Express
1075:The Times of India
966:"Role of Gajapati"
705:
671:
572:
524:
507:Raghunathpur block
445:
352:
231:
167:Nabakalebara 2015
1926:
1925:
1640:
1639:
1436:Sudarshana Chakra
1408:Jagannath worship
1141:Business Standard
946:978-81-317-2820-8
914:978-0-19-569419-2
562:Debasnana Purnima
466:Debasnana Purnima
443:and other deities
408:27 July, Monday:
375:Debasnana Purnima
175:Jagannath Temples
163:
162:
1966:
1916:
1915:
1715:Bhagavata Purana
1518:Patali Srikhetra
1458:
1448:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1379:
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1297:
1290:
1280:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1231:on June 27, 2015
1227:. Archived from
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1172:. Archived from
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1101:Odisha Sun Times
1093:
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1067:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1016:. Times of India
1009:
1000:
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984:
978:
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848:
846:
834:
807:
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745:
743:
741:
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707:The Sunabesa or
678:
649:
634:
391:
390:
342:Program schedule
37:
25:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1939:Hindu festivals
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1904:
1848:
1821:Dinakrushna Das
1754:
1702:
1636:
1600:
1527:
1449:
1440:
1409:
1406:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1363:on 2 April 2015
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1354:
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1333:
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1311:
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1234:
1232:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1176:on 27 June 2015
1160:
1159:
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1143:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1078:
1077:. 27 March 2015
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810:
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749:
739:
737:
732:
731:
722:
718:
690:
682:Basant Panchami
659:
658:
657:
655:
650:
641:
622:
590:circumambulated
564:
516:
477:
433:
425:
344:
223:
40:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1972:
1970:
1962:
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1959:2015 festivals
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1941:
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1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
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1892:
1890:Samkha Kshetra
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1839:Baladeba Ratha
1833:
1831:Upendra Bhanja
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Jasobanta Dasa
1788:
1783:
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1768:
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1298:on 4 Mar 2016
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72:19/8/12 years
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56:29 March 2015
55:
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39:Festival logo
36:
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26:
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1949:Odia culture
1860:Odissi music
1836:
1801:Achyutananda
1740:Madala Panji
1729:Gita Govinda
1727:
1720:
1713:
1673:
1669:Nabakalebara
1627:South Africa
1569:
1508:Chhatia Bata
1365:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1329:
1317:. Retrieved
1293:the original
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1233:. Retrieved
1229:the original
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1043:the original
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330:Hindu temple
313:
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282:Sanskritized
271:
248:
235:Nabakalebara
232:
171:Nabakalebara
166:
164:
130:Participants
125:17 July 2034
64:17 July 2015
28:Nabakalebara
21:Nabakalebara
1880:Nila Chakra
1865:Gahana Vije
1796:Ananta Dasa
1776:Sarala Dasa
1766:Indradyumna
1750:Dahuka boli
1686:Snana Yatra
1498:Bhubaneswar
1200:The Pioneer
1052:13 December
581:Mahaanasara
482:Bhubaneswar
318:intercalary
274:Ratha Yatra
251:iconoclasts
91:Inaugurated
77:Location(s)
1933:Categories
1870:Mahaprasad
1837:Kabisurjya
1696:Suna Besha
1681:Rath Yatra
1659:Dola Yatra
1503:Kendrapara
1426:Balabhadra
716:References
709:Suna Besha
697:Suna Besha
673:After the
639:Rathayatra
620:Netrotsava
606:Mahanasara
576:Nyasa Daru
423:Key events
397:Rath Yatra
314:Adhikamasa
280:, it is a
203:Rathayatra
183:Balabhadra
138:Attendance
122:Next event
1944:Jagannath
1646:Festivals
1591:Medinipur
1581:Hyderabad
1554:Bangalore
1544:Ahmedabad
1513:Dharakote
1421:Jagannath
1313:"History"
1170:Odisha TV
1117:cite news
610:obsequies
586:maharanas
263:Man Singh
205:followed
199:neem tree
191:Sudarshan
179:Jagannath
146:Patron(s)
69:Frequency
48:Religious
1918:Category
1875:Nilachal
1853:See also
1806:Salabega
1771:Jayadeva
1759:Devotees
1664:Panchaka
1539:Agartala
1493:Nayagarh
1478:Baripada
1473:Gundicha
1431:Subhadra
1259:cite web
1146:12 April
1107:12 April
688:Sunabesa
410:Sunabesa
207:Sunabesa
187:Subhadra
133:Pilgrims
1632:Sialkot
1617:Dhamrai
1612:Comilla
1559:Chennai
1488:Koraput
1483:Gunupur
1454:Temples
1414:Deities
1367:26 June
1341:26 June
1319:24 June
1235:15 June
1205:15 June
1180:15 June
1081:25 June
994:25 June
972:25 June
870:25 June
845:25 June
801:25 June
740:25 June
626:Brahmin
450:daityas
335:Brahman
307:Dashami
301:Chaitra
221:History
154:Website
99:Founder
1900:ISKCON
1605:Abroad
1596:Mahesh
1586:Ranchi
1523:Barbil
1461:Odisha
1020:12 May
943:
911:
462:prasad
304:Shukla
297:Brahma
267:Kujang
255:Afghan
244:Muslim
240:Sonpur
215:Odisha
85:Odisha
53:Begins
1707:Texts
1691:Besha
1622:Pabna
1570:Digha
1564:Delhi
1549:Alwar
1296:(PDF)
1289:(PDF)
1046:(PDF)
1039:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
468:day.
326:realm
286:Khond
259:Akbar
45:Genre
1674:2015
1576:Hajo
1468:Puri
1369:2015
1343:2015
1321:2015
1265:link
1237:2015
1207:2015
1182:2015
1148:2015
1123:link
1109:2015
1083:2015
1054:2014
1022:2015
996:2015
974:2015
941:ISBN
909:ISBN
872:2015
847:2015
803:2015
742:2015
667:Puri
290:Kond
189:and
165:The
117:1996
94:1733
61:Ends
1164:sic
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