1252:. The project has been criticized as uneconomic because there is no guarantee that there will be sufficient gas supplies to make it profitable. The Nabucco Gas Pipeline project, although initially intending to secure gas from Iraq and Iran has readjusted its intentions given the current political and economic instabilities in the two countries. It will initially transport 10 BCM from the Shah Deniz gas field with the ability to increase its capacity to 23 BCM as demand increases, along with supply. One region that could also supply additional gas is the
1160:
42:
1280:
meters of gas from Shah Deniz field to Europe will cost through the
Nabucco pipeline €77 versus €106 through the South Stream pipeline. Russian opposition to the pipeline stems from their monopoly over European gas supplies. The Pipeline would lead to cheaper more secure gas supplies for the whole of Europe, due to the decreased influence of the oil linked gas price, this would provide economic benefits to the EU with cheaper energy helping the union become more competitive.
5121:
974:(EBRD) confirmed, that they are prepared to provide financial backing for the project. On 5 February 2010, the EIB vice-president Mathias Kollatz-Ahnensaid that Nabucco consortium was seeking up to €2 billion (20–25% of costs) in bank financing. The EIB was ready to participate in the financing of this project; however, the precondition was that the partner countries should legally approve the pipeline's transit in their countries.
4948:
585:: "What they show is the prices at which Russian gas is being purchased in different European countries, and this tells quite a simple story. If you're in Eastern Europe, and you are quite heavily dependent on Russian gas, you pay more than $ 500/TCM; if you're in the UK, where we have a pretty much complete domination of gas-to-gas market, you pay $ 300, or $ 370+ in Germany, which is somewhere in between."
986:
Reinhard
Mitschek, Managing Director of Nabucco said in an interview with Natural Gas Europe in May 2013 that "Nabucco is continuing to cooperate with the International Financial Institutions to ensure the bankability of the project, a large part of the legal due diligence has already been completed. A Letter of Intent has been signed with the IFIs most recently". In a separate interview in February 2013,
1341:
248:
1369:
1355:
4585:
1152:
4960:
963:
partners and the rest by commercial financial instruments. The
European Commission has awarded an EU project grant in the amount of 50% of the estimated total eligible cost of the feasibility study and has also decided to allocate €200 million from the European Economic Recovery Plan. To receive this financing, this grant should be committed by the end 2010.
633:, which he had been listening to throughout his car ride on the way to the meeting with the General Manager of Erdemir Engineering Company at the time. This arbitrary suggestion has interestingly gained lots of popularity since, likely causing the five partners to attend a live premiere of the opera at the
721:
In May 2012, the
Nabucco consortium submitted a Nabucco-West proposal to the Shah Deniz consortium. On 10 January 2013, Nabucco International and Shah Deniz partners signed a funding agreement. According to the agreement, Shah Deniz partners will take a 50% stake in the project if chosen as an export
985:
for a financing package of €4 billion. Up to €2 billion will be signed by the EIB, up to €1.2 billion by the EBRD, and up to €800 million by the IFC. All figures listed above relate to the original
Nabucco Project. Updated figures for Nabucco West are undisclosed as of June 2013.
1210:
Even more important competitor became TANAP which would follow the
Nabucco's original route in Turkey. Therefore, Nabucco consortium modified the project and sees the modified Nabucco-West as a prolongation of TANAP into Central Europe. Nabucco West competed with the Trans Adriatic Pipeline and the
627:, which was given to the project in the very early phases by Lutfu Atasoy (a consultant to Erdemir Engineering Company in connection with BOTAŞ) in a request for inquiry for pipeline engineering services to Kent plc. Atasoy wanted to shorten the original verbose project name, and decided to suggest
804:, the pipeline will head 116.3 kilometres (72.3 mi) in a northwesterly direction. After reaching the national northern half-ring, it will run 133 kilometres (83 mi) in parallel to the existing east–west gas line and continue 86.5 kilometres (53.7 mi) to northwest before reaching the
717:
The legal framework set up by the intergovernmental agreement was strengthened further with the signing in 2011 of the
Project Support Agreements (PSAs) between Nabucco and each of the Transit countries. The main elements of the PSAs are the affirmation of an advantageous regulatory transit regime
1271:
Energy
Committee Ivan Grachev has questioned the viability of the Nabucco project and sees it as an attempt to put pressure on Russia. This is supported by Russia's gas deals with Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, which by some observers has been seen as attempt to reserve potential Nabucco supplies.
894:
The
Nabucco-West was to be exempt from regulated third party access, including tariff regulation, for 25 years. Its proposal stated a capacity of 10 billion cubic metres (350 billion cubic feet) per year. This capacity will be scaled up to 23 billion cubic metres (810 billion
2915:
1307:
Some NGOs criticize the EIB and EBRD for their willingness to finance a fossil fuel project, claiming that it goes against the
November 2007 resolution on trade and climate change passed in the European Union Parliament. The resolution calls for "the discontinuation of public support via export
1279:
However, before the rise of project's costs and the proposal of modified project, RWE had claimed that the transportation of natural gas through the Nabucco pipeline would be cheaper than through South Stream or other alternative pipelines. According to RWE, the transportation of thousand cubic
641:
awarded a grant in the amount of 50% of the estimated total eligible cost of the feasibility study including market analysis, and technical, economic and financial studies. On 28 June 2005, the joint venture agreement was signed by five Nabucco partners. The ministerial statement on the Nabucco
962:
said in late 2012 that the costs of Nabucco West would be far lower than €7.9 billion previously suggested. The final investment decision was expected in 2013. The sources of financing of the Nabucco project are not decided yet. As a commercial project, it will be financed 30% by the project's
4219:
496:
The project was developed by a consortium of six companies. Preparations started in 2002 and the intergovernmental agreement between Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Austria was signed on 13 July 2009. After an announcement of the construction of TANAP, the consortium submitted the
1501:
1465:
998:
The potential suppliers for original Nabucco project were considered to be Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Egypt. At the first stage, 10 billion cubic metres (350 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year were expected from Iraq. Iraqi gas would be imported via the
2919:
1050:
has urged Egypt to export natural gas to Europe via the Nabucco pipeline. Iran has also proposed to supply gas to Nabucco pipeline and this was backed by Turkey; however, due to the political conditions this is rejected by the EU and the United States.
795:
From Turkey, the original Nabucco pipeline was proposed to enter Bulgaria and after running 76 kilometres (47 mi) in parallel to the existing gas system connect to the Bulgarian national gas network at the compressor station of village Lozenets in
762:. 2,730 kilometres (1,700 mi) of the pipeline was to be laid in Turkey, 412 kilometres (256 mi) in Bulgaria, 469 kilometres (291 mi) in Romania, 384 kilometres (239 mi) in Hungary, and 47 kilometres (29 mi) in Austria.
815:
In Romania, the pipeline would be crossing into the country under the Danube. The route on the Romanian territory would go from south-west to north-west, its south-western starting point being located at the Danube-crossing point upstream the
765:
The modified Nabucco West was to start from the Turkey–Bulgaria border and further to follow the original route. The total length of Nabucco West is 1,329 kilometres (826 mi), with the following distances in each of the below countries:
714:. Hungary ratified the agreement on 20 October 2009. Bulgaria ratified the agreement on 3 February 2010. Romania ratified the agreement on 16 February 2010. Turkey became the final country ratifying the agreement on 4 March 2010.
4608:
1324:
The main reasons of Nabucco’s failure were political rather than commercial. Moscow was able to safeguard its dominant market share in Central and Eastern Europe and then pressured most of these countries to support Gazprom’s
1308:
credit agencies and public investment banks, for fossil fuel projects." Non-governmental organizations also show disapproval, due to the public banks decision to be lenient to Turkmenistan Human and civil rights conditions.
1226:
project, which is proposed to transport Azerbaijani gas to Europe in form of LNG. Increasing availability of LNG from large gas-producing countries in the Middle-East and Africa stresses the economic viability of pipelines.
2973:
907:
services of the pipeline, including the overall management of the local FEED contractors, the review of the technical feasibility study, route confirmation, preparation of the design basis, hydraulic studies, overall
687:
The intergovernmental agreement between Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Austria was signed by five prime ministers on 13 July 2009 in Ankara. The European Union was represented at the ceremony by the President
5516:
722:
route for the Shah Deniz gas. On 3 March 2013, Nabucco International signed a memorandum of understanding with the TANAP consortium. However, on 28 June 2013 Shah Deniz consortium announced that it had chosen the
675:
On 27 January 2009, the Nabucco Summit held in Budapest. On 24–25 April 2009, the Nabucco pipeline was discussed, among other energy issues, at the high-level energy summit in Sofia, and on 8 May 2009, at the
559:, Europe's gas consumption is expected to increase from 502 billion cubic meters, in 2005, to 815 billion cubic meters in 2030, which would mean Russia alone would not be able to meet the demand.
718:
under EU law; the protection of the Nabucco Pipeline from potential discriminatory changes in the law; and support for legislative and administrative actions for the further implementation of the project.
1054:
Nabucco-West is designated to carry Azeri gas from the second stage of Shah Deniz through TANAP pipeline. The pipeline is able to transport between 10 – 23 BCM annually from the Shah Deniz gas field.
668:
confirmed on 29 January 2009, that Azerbaijan was planning to at least double its gas production in the coming five years to supply the pipeline. On 12 April 2009, the Minister of Energy of Turkey
1316:
Concerns have been raised about the safety of the project. Gas for the Nabucco pipeline coming from Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan will have to pass near areas of instability in the South Caucasus.
539:– Energy programme, the Nabucco pipeline is designated as a project of strategic importance. An objective of the project is to connect the European Union better to the natural gas sources in the
2888:
1530:
1329:
pipeline, a rival to Nabucco. Nabucco pipeline lacked the necessary political and diplomatic support from both the EU and the United States to overcome pressures from Russia and Gazprom.
501:
project, which was to run from the Turkish-Bulgarian border to Austria. It was a modification of the original Nabucco Pipeline project. The main supply for Nabucco-West was to be the
1722:
1619:
903:
The Nabucco project was included in the EU Trans-European Energy Network programme and a feasibility study for the Nabucco pipeline had been performed under an EU project grant. The
5190:
1195:
proposed to merge Nabucco and South Stream projects to "reduce investments, operational costs and increase overall returns". This proposal was rejected by energy minister of Russia
2981:
3744:
946:, construction of the pipeline was scheduled to begin in 2013 and would become operational by 2017. However, in June 2013, the Shah Deniz Consortium had chosen a rival project,
613:
of Romania and BOTAŞ of Turkey) signed a protocol of intention to construct the Nabucco pipeline. The protocol followed by the cooperation agreement in October 2002. The name
4529:
707:
3708:
1223:
5413:
4272:
3051:
4183:
3539:
3592:
2614:
1136:
Nabucco International is the owner of the five national Nabucco companies responsible for the operation and maintenance of the pipeline in their respective countries.
971:
1207:, the Nabucco pipeline would be more effective in increasing Europe's energy security than the South Stream project as it would increase the number of gas suppliers.
895:
cubic feet) to compensate for an anticipated increase in demand. Nabucco West would offer 50% of its transport capacity to third parties outside of the shareholders.
2358:
5241:
4245:
5594:
2446:
1780:"Decision No 1364/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 laying down guidelines for trans-European energy networks (TEN-E)"
5465:
1383:
1212:
1019:. OMV and RWE set up a joint venture, named the Caspian Energy Company, to carry out research for a gas pipeline across the Caspian Sea. In the long term,
812:. In Bulgaria, Nabucco will have interconnections with the national gas network and will have two off-take systems, compressor stations and pig stations.
5564:
5418:
5162:
3937:
1432:
879:
1272:
Azerbaijan has stated that the gas will be transported only through those routes, which would be commercially most attractive. Also the opening of the
1240:
The Nabucco pipeline will supply only a limited number of countries in South-East and Central Europe. In 2013, it was confirmed by Bulgarian President
872:, as well as their tributaries. The terrain is rockier in Romania and mainly composed of limestone. This section is 469 kilometres (291 mi) long.
844:. The pipeline would cross 11 protected sites, two national parks, three natural reserves, and 57 watercourses, namely major rivers such as:
5574:
5569:
5559:
4728:
1556:
5589:
4998:
2733:
5341:
2977:
2892:
2859:
1534:
943:
390:
191:
1583:
4104:
3225:
2766:
1273:
5579:
1199:
saying that "South Stream is more competitive than Nabucco" and that "Nabucco and South Stream are far from being competitors". According to
2194:
2168:
1733:
672:
confirmed that Turkey is ready to sign a deal, provided that Turkey gets 15% of the natural gas to be carried through the Nabucco pipeline.
5180:
1686:
548:
522:
459:
3279:
2644:
1408:
41:
3647:
2941:
2707:
5430:
4618:
3546:
3494:
1653:
574:
2087:
5511:
5304:
5075:
5065:
4331:
3748:
3059:
2326:
1058:, a shareholder in Nabucco, also suggested that Nabucco will be used to transport gas from its Domino-1 deep-sea offshore well in the
5469:
5445:
5256:
4708:
4624:
3516:
2527:
978:
700:
3256:
1171:
proposed an alternative project, in competition with the Nabucco pipeline, that would involve constructing a second section of the
935:
consortium in June last year. This work will build upon existing engineering work already completed for the Nabucco classic route.
4047:
2677:
5266:
4919:
4019:
3718:
2582:
990:
confirmed that all legal and regulatory framework approved for the original Nabucco project would remain valid for Nabucco West.
693:
4434:
Negrescu, Victor: "The Nabucco Project and Communicating about Energy Security" in the Acta Universitatis Danubius (short essay)
1428:
552:
5533:
2549:
2091:
1972:
1222:
was seen as competitor to Nabucco and to pipeline projects in general. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Romania and Hungary are developing
1023:
may become a supplier providing natural gas from the Northern Caspian reserves through the planned Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline.
5120:
4193:
1860:
5223:
5218:
5018:
4821:
4743:
4454:
3596:
1916:
1398:
5251:
3131:
2618:
2496:
2299:
1183:
to western Hungary. In 2007, instead the South Stream project through Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary and Slovenia to Austria and
2054:
5403:
5324:
5137:
4492:
2222:
5271:
2366:
5460:
5440:
5329:
5152:
5147:
5070:
5060:
4991:
4811:
4791:
3361:
1779:
912:
and telecommunications, GIS and preparation of tender packages for the next phase, was managed by UK-based consultancy
5319:
5213:
5033:
3883:
1204:
5286:
759:
555:
have been one of the factors driving the search for alternative suppliers, sources, and routes. Moreover, as per the
3185:
2678:"RWE: Ratifying Nabucco agreement by Turkey gives Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan basis for conclusion of gas contracts"
5309:
5090:
5023:
4738:
4718:
4693:
4539:
4428:
Kusznir, Julia: "The Nabucco Gas Pipeline Project and its Impact on EU Energy Policy in the South Caucasus" in the
4129:
3941:
3823:
1623:
1393:
1016:
1139:
RWE left the project and on 1 March 2013 OMV took over all of RWE's shares. On 28 May 2013, it was announced that
1074:-registered Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH. The managing director of the company was Reinhardt Mitschek.
5455:
5106:
4816:
4796:
3619:
2362:
2283:
1007:. Turkmenistan would provide 10 billion cubic metres (350 billion cubic feet) of gas per year through
5538:
5377:
4836:
1091:
967:
506:
364:
293:
95:
4444:
3211:
2826:
739:
547:
regions. The project has been driven by the intention to diversify its current energy supplies, and to lessen
76:
4155:
4077:
746:, a major natural gas hub in Austria. In Ahiboz, it would be joined with two feeder lines, one connecting to
5336:
4984:
4771:
4703:
4560:
3914:
3415:
2803:
1509:
1473:
1388:
1245:
1062:. The Domino-1 well was OMV's largest gas find with 1.5 – 3 trillion cubic feet announced in February 2012.
1047:
947:
833:
751:
743:
723:
662:
536:
510:
455:
335:
317:
137:
119:
5281:
3990:
3964:
3680:
3339:
1159:
593:
Preparations for the Nabucco project started in February 2002 when first talks took place between Austrian
5506:
5398:
4841:
4826:
3055:
3029:
2743:
5474:
5261:
4806:
4786:
4781:
4748:
4733:
4664:
4642:
4465:
4429:
4364:
4309:
3797:
3771:
3713:
3561:
2946:
2146:
1994:
1938:
1882:
1799:
1752:
1219:
923:
On 28 January 2013, it was announced that a re-feed for the Nabucco West project was being conducted by
458:, Austria to diversify natural gas suppliers and delivery routes for Europe. The pipeline was to lessen
4459:
2863:
1593:
5080:
4713:
4555:
4391:
3470:
3388:
3316:
3086:
3007:
2249:
2059:
2021:
1244:
that the pipeline would transport gas to a minimum of 16 European countries including the gas hub in
932:
3158:
2951:
2776:
2119:
1627:
824:. The pipe would follow the south western border of Romania and will travel through the counties of
5528:
5129:
4335:
1979:
1923:
1867:
1783:
1729:
1276:
and the agreements to build the South Stream pipeline has been seen as the end of Nabucco project.
829:
703:
689:
647:
638:
556:
313:
115:
657:
On 11 June 2008, the first contract to supply gas from Azerbaijan through the Nabucco pipeline to
5359:
5246:
5233:
4332:"European Parliament resolution of 29 November 2007 on trade and climate change (2007/2003(INI))"
3828:
3624:
2418:
2304:
2200:
2172:
1718:
643:
634:
447:
1831:
1696:
1004:
2523:
1531:"Joint declaration of Nabucco Shareholders, NIC, Potential Investors and Shah Deniz Consortium"
5494:
5479:
5435:
5038:
4485:
4305:
4292:
4051:
3657:
3411:
3289:
3003:
2681:
2654:
1000:
987:
959:
950:, that has a route Turkey–Greece-Albania-Italy, and the future of Nabucco project is unclear.
939:
904:
747:
677:
1663:
5523:
5185:
4903:
4883:
4873:
4698:
4268:
2798:
2423:
1241:
917:
869:
861:
801:
569:
gas imports. Nabucco aims to diversify the gas supply to increase competition and security.
562:
4964:
2336:
5028:
4868:
3909:
3574:
2007:
1951:
1895:
1812:
1765:
1691:
797:
696:
4414:
1466:""Nabucco-West": Abridged Pipeline Project Officially Submitted to Shah Deniz Consortium"
1283:
NGOs have also criticized the fact that the pipeline results in effective support of the
1046: cu ft) of natural gas through the Arab Gas Pipeline. Prime Minister of Turkey
837:
321:
123:
2891:(Press release). Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH. 23 August 2010. Archived from
5408:
5007:
4801:
4776:
4386:
4357:
4241:
4215:
4188:
4108:
4055:
3994:
3968:
3465:
3383:
3311:
3230:
3081:
2685:
2395:
2391:
2244:
2124:
1497:
1461:
1346:
1292:
1196:
928:
853:
849:
817:
669:
624:
528:
463:
301:
103:
3132:"Italian Saipem to perform Front End Engineering and Design services for Nabucco West"
2592:
5553:
5296:
5200:
1374:
1360:
1284:
1192:
982:
711:
532:
91:
1723:"Project of European Interest № NG3. Activity Report September 2007 – February 2009"
5584:
5450:
5172:
4952:
4863:
4846:
4648:
4570:
4478:
2559:
2115:
1326:
1296:
1288:
1200:
865:
665:
570:
486:
474:
4015:
3340:"Reinhard Mitschek: Nabucco Offers the Biggest Market Access without Hidden Costs"
2468:
247:
87:
3135:
2500:
882:
was studying the possibility of building a link from the Nabucco gas pipeline to
5499:
5393:
5157:
4723:
3851:
3437:
2281:
Victor Negrescu. "The Nabucco Project and Communicating about Energy Security".
2026:
1403:
1172:
1163:
Major existing and planned natural gas pipelines supplying Russian gas to Europe
1012:
845:
841:
825:
544:
540:
444:
325:
309:
127:
111:
17:
4048:"Gas exporters wait for efficient commercial offers: Trend Capital commentator"
5489:
5351:
4831:
2524:"Signing Ceremony for the Intergovernmental Agreement on the Nabucco Pipeline"
1336:
1268:
1261:
1020:
977:
In September 2010, the consortium signed an agreement with EIB, EBRD, and the
502:
482:
5048:
4753:
4584:
3362:""Nabucco is a Truly European Project": An Interview with Reinhard Mitschek"
3109:
2064:
1557:"NABUCCO: Shah Deniz II Decision a Setback for Planned European Gas Highway"
1368:
1253:
1176:
1105:
1059:
966:
At the Nabucco Summit held in Budapest on 27 January 2009, the heads of the
738:
The original 3,893 kilometres (2,419 mi) long pipeline was to run from
606:
602:
282:
173:
165:
3887:
1151:
821:
305:
107:
3212:"EU-backed Nabucco project 'over' after rival pipeline wins Azeri gas bid"
2942:"Design of Bulgarian Section of Nabucco Pipeline to Be Ready in Late 2011"
513:
over Nabucco, the Nabucco pipeline plan was finally aborted in June 2013.
27:
Proposed natural gas pipeline from the Turkish-Bulgarian border to Austria
5208:
5142:
4613:
3856:
3442:
3189:
2473:
1140:
1125:
1095:
1081:
857:
809:
770:
658:
610:
598:
582:
379:
359:
297:
177:
169:
99:
4609:
Deutsche Gesellschaft zum Bau und Betrieb von Endlagern für Abfallstoffe
3110:"Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH appointed New Owner's Engineer"
1167:
The main competitor for the original project was South Stream. In 2006,
5369:
4524:
4160:
3685:
3652:
3284:
3163:
2771:
2738:
2649:
2587:
2554:
2331:
2088:"'Strategic' Nabucco Deal Inked To Help Curb Dependence on Russian Gas"
1658:
1588:
1249:
1168:
1129:
1119:
1109:
913:
788:
782:
776:
758:(pipeline to be built) in the southeast. It would be fed also from the
629:
615:
578:
467:
451:
4630:
4565:
4534:
3824:"Gazprom's grip on Western Europe tightens with pipelines to Hungary"
1973:"Exemption decision on the Bulgarian section of the Nabucco pipeline"
1917:"Exemption decision on the Hungarian section of the Nabucco pipeline"
1180:
1085:
1071:
924:
883:
875:
805:
681:
642:
pipeline was signed on 26 June 2006 in Vienna. On 12 September 2007,
566:
1861:"Exemption decision on the Romanian section of the Nabucco pipeline"
4220:"Azerbaijan-Russia Gas Agreement: Implications for Nabucco Project"
5484:
5423:
5314:
1184:
1158:
1150:
1143:, a French utilities provider, agreed to buy a 9% stake from OMV.
909:
620:
490:
4976:
4358:"Nabucco and Turkmenistan –our energy security, Turkmen's misery"
3226:"Nabucco Gas Pipe's Cost to Fall on Shorter Route, Mitschek Says"
581:
Energy Forum in 2013 a list of prices from the Russian newspaper
5085:
4269:"Doubts about Nabucco Don't Originate in China – Look to Europe"
4246:"Russia Resuming Gas Imports From Turkmenistan on a Small Scale"
4130:"Mitschek: Nabucco answers Azerbaijan's strategic consideration"
4105:"BP Says Increased LNG Supply Reduces Europe's Pipe Gas Imports"
3965:"Europe Needs to Push Gas Infrastructure Spending, Scaroni Says"
2827:"Nabucco project 'over' after rival pipeline wins Azeri gas bid"
1101:
1008:
755:
478:
369:
4980:
4474:
4449:
2327:"DAVOS-Azeri chief urges political, financial will for Nabucco"
1533:. Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH (NIC). Archived from
509:(TANAP). After the Shah Deniz consortium decided to prefer the
4501:
3861:
1257:
1188:
1115:
1055:
727:
651:
594:
471:
374:
181:
161:
3593:"Interview with Nabucco Managing Director Reinhardt Mitschek"
2916:"Газопровод "Набуко" получи обществената подкрепа на Върбица"
2449:(Press release). Government of the Czech Republic. 9 May 2009
650:
as the Nabucco project coordinator. In February 2008, German
565:
is important as many of the regions are heavily dependent on
4464:
Articles about the Energy und Nabucco-Pipeline issue in the
4016:"Energy Supremo: Nabucco Pipeline Is Best European Solution"
3963:
Martinez, Andres R.; Resnick-Ault, Jessica (10 March 2010).
1832:"Bulgarian Parliament Ratifies Nabucco Gas Pipeline Project"
3412:"EU, Iraq Seek To Seal Nabucco Deal Within Weeks – Barroso"
730:
CEO Gerhard Roiss to regard the Nabucco project as "over".
3707:
Yeşiyurt, Servet; Hayatsever, Hüseyin (27 December 2011).
3495:"The Great Geopolitical Battle Over Energy Transit Routes"
2732:
Tsolova, Tsvetelia; Gloystein, Henning (10 January 2013).
2392:"Proposed Nabucco Gas Pipeline Gets European Bank Backing"
2199:. Budapest Nabucco Summit. 27 January 2009. Archived from
2169:"Frequently asked questions: Nabucco Gas Pipeline Project"
466:
states and the United States and was seen as rival to the
3745:"OMV Says Construction of Nabucco Pipe May Start in 2015"
3052:"Nabucco West Selected as Potentaial Route for Azeri Gas"
2862:. Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH. Archived from
2799:"Shah Deniz Project Selects TAP As European Gas Pipeline"
2708:"Nabucco Project Support Agreements finalised and signed"
2419:"President Gül invited to Nabucco summit with EU leaders"
2171:. Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH. Archived from
820:, and the north-western end point being located north of
3620:"Erdoğan urges Egypt to export gas to Europe via Turkey"
3991:"Russia Rejects Eni Call to Merge Europe Gas Pipelines"
2974:"Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in Romania"
1264:
announcing an enormous gas discovery in February 2012.
5191:
National Iranian Oil Refining and Distribution Company
4470:
4156:"Petrom/Exxon Black Sea well finds huge gas field-OMV"
2645:"Turkmen gas deal for Nabucco seen in months-RWE exec"
1179:
to Turkey, and extending this up through Bulgaria and
1026:
Egypt could provide 3–5 billion cubic metres (110
3595:. Centre for European Policy Analysis. Archived from
3159:"Nabucco sees commercial gas transport start in 2017"
1654:"Turkish PM says wants Nabucco to transport Iran gas"
1502:"Nabucco-West in Synergy with Trans-Anatolia Project"
4445:
Homepage of the Nabucco gas pipeline project company
4306:"Four reason to keep public money away from Nabucco"
4184:"Russian MPs criticize Nabucco gas pipeline project"
3798:"OMV sells 9 pct Nabucco pipeline stake to GDF SUEZ"
3772:"OMV buys RWE stake in Nabucco gas pipeline project"
3540:"Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes"
2447:"The Declaration – Prague Summit, Southern Corridor"
5386:
5368:
5350:
5295:
5232:
5199:
5171:
5128:
5099:
5047:
4912:
4896:
4856:
4762:
4686:
4677:
4657:
4601:
4592:
4548:
4530:
Elektriciteits Produktiemaatschappij Zuid-Nederland
4517:
4508:
3709:"Turkey, Azerbaijan Deal to Transfer Gas to Europe"
2734:"Nabucco pipeline boosts prospects with Azeri deal"
2550:"Hungary Parliament ratifies Nabucco pipeline deal"
708:
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
425:
417:
409:
404:
396:
386:
355:
347:
342:
331:
289:
278:
270:
262:
257:
240:
228:
210:
202:
197:
187:
157:
149:
144:
133:
83:
72:
64:
56:
51:
34:
4222:. Vol. 6, no. 189. Eurasia Daily Monitor
3280:"Nabucco seen asking EIB for up to 2 bln euro–EIB"
3278:Senerdem, Melis; Grove, Thomas (5 February 2010).
2583:"Bulgaria parliament ratifies Nabucco gas project"
2300:"EU natural gas pipeline project gets first order"
2147:"Eastern Europe: Import Dependence, Higher Prices"
2120:"Hoping for More Than Just Energy From a Pipeline"
2055:"EU backs Nabucco pipeline to get off Russian gas"
3884:"Russia prefers South Stream over Blue Stream II"
3681:"Russia free to supply gas to Nabucco-U.S. envoy"
3251:
3249:
2615:"Romania Ratifies Nabucco Gas Pipeline Agreement"
1584:"U.S. throws weight behind EU's Nabucco pipeline"
981:(IFC), according to which the banks will conduct
4192:. EU–Russia Centre. 14 July 2009. Archived from
2727:
2725:
2638:
2636:
1647:
1645:
972:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
742:in Turkey via Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary to
601:. In June 2002, five companies (OMV of Austria,
4273:Institut français des relations internationales
4248:. Vol. 7, no. 1. Jamestown Foundation
3648:"US still opposes Iran as Nabucco gas supplier"
2049:
2047:
2045:
5409:DESA - Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company
4041:
4039:
4037:
3738:
3736:
2889:"Nabucco: Modification of feeder line concept"
927:following the selection of the project as the
477:pipeline project. The main supplier was to be
4992:
4486:
2918:(in Bulgarian). Шуменска заря. Archived from
2499:. Turkish Press. 13 July 2009. Archived from
1687:"Europe Tries to Break Its Russian Gas Habit"
1652:Grove, Thomas; Coskun, Orhan (13 July 2009).
958:The pipelines costs are undisclosed, however
8:
3257:"EU throws €2.3bn at gas, power connections"
3186:"Nabucco Construction Start Delayed To 2013"
2223:"Hopes revived for stalled Nabucco pipeline"
2110:
2108:
1826:
1824:
1822:
726:over Nabucco for its gas exports, prompting
551:—the biggest supplier of gas to Europe. The
3938:"ENI calls for South Stream, Nabucco links"
3910:"Gazprom Agrees To Boost Pipeline Capacity"
3134:. Trend.az. 28 January 2013. Archived from
2767:"Nabucco signs cooperation deal with TANAP"
2617:. SeeNews. 16 February 2010. Archived from
2386:
2384:
2359:"Turkey Hopes to Sign Nabucco Deal by June"
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1492:
1490:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1429:"Nabucco venture sees Iraq as top supplier"
699:, and the United States was represented by
60:Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Austria
5163:South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field
5053:
4999:
4985:
4977:
4683:
4598:
4514:
4493:
4479:
4471:
4078:"Four countries team up for 'LNG Nabucco'"
2950:. Ukrinform. 19 March 2010. Archived from
2196:Declaration of the Budapest Nabucco Summit
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
246:
40:
2883:
2881:
2710:. Pipelinesinternational.com. 9 June 2011
1224:Azerbaijan–Georgia–Romania Interconnector
46:Proposed location of the Nabucco pipeline
4103:Gismatullin, Eduard (24 November 2010).
3747:. Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from
3493:de Leon, Phillip H. (18 November 2009).
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
654:became a shareholder of the consortium.
3586:
3584:
3054:. Zulfugar Agayev and Zoe Schneeweiss.
2978:Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH
1433:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review
1420:
1187:was proposed. On 10 March 2010, CEO of
944:Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH
905:front end engineering and design (FEED)
391:Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH
192:Nabucco Gas Pipeline International GmbH
3882:Geropoulos, Kostis (3 November 2007).
3570:
3559:
3364:. Natural Gas Europe. 14 February 2013
3312:"Finance giants run rule over Nabucco"
2581:Tsolova, Tsvetelia (3 February 2010).
2003:
1992:
1947:
1936:
1891:
1880:
1808:
1797:
1761:
1750:
920:was appointed as on owner's engineer.
527:The Nabucco project was backed by the
421:10 to 23 billion cubic metres per year
237:
31:
3989:Shiryaevskaya, Anna (15 March 2010).
3517:"OMV, RWE Launch Caspian Pipeline JV"
3392:. NHST Media Group. 30 September 2010
3032:. Nabucco Pipeline International GmbH
1613:
1611:
1077:The shareholders of the company are:
549:European dependence on Russian energy
462:. The project was backed by several
460:European dependence on Russian energy
7:
4959:
4413:Don’t cry for the Nabucco pipeline.
4267:Ramsay, William C. (December 2009).
3850:MacDonald, Neil (25 February 2008).
3618:Barkat, Amiram (15 September 2011).
3538:Yenikeyeff, Shamil (November 2008).
3519:. Downstream Today. 22 December 2008
3320:. NHST Media Group. 6 September 2010
2149:. Naturalgaseurope.com. 2 April 2013
1267:The deputy chairman of the Russia's
523:Russia in the European energy sector
4729:Mülheim-Kärlich Nuclear Power Plant
3852:"Balkan boost for Russian gas plan"
3547:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
2548:Koranyi, Balazs (20 October 2009).
2253:. NHST Media Group. 19 October 2007
2022:"Independence Day For European Gas"
1203:, former executive director of the
575:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
266:Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Austria
5512:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
5076:Iranian Central Oil Fields Company
5066:National Iranian South Oil Company
4637:Nabucco Gas Pipeline International
4395:. NHST Media Group. 12 August 2008
4046:Aliyev, Seymur (15 January 2010).
3438:"EU secures Turkmenistan gas deal"
3090:. NHST Media Group. 7 January 2008
2765:Prodhan, Georgina (4 March 2013).
1618:Nicola, Stefan (5 February 2008).
1384:Interconnector Turkey–Greece–Italy
1213:Interconnector Turkey–Greece–Italy
916:. Starting from 14 December 2011,
25:
5565:Natural gas pipelines in Bulgaria
5224:Special industrial economic zones
4709:Gundremmingen Nuclear Power Plant
4625:Gundremmingen Nuclear Power Plant
4430:Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 33
3770:Shields, Michael (2 April 2013).
3466:"Ashgabat offers gas for Nabucco"
3342:. Natural Gas Europe. 30 May 2013
2528:United States Department of State
2469:"Europe gas pipeline deal agreed"
2335:. 29 January 2009. Archived from
1620:"Analysis: Europe's pipeline war"
1582:Taylor, Paul (22 February 2008).
1274:Central Asia – China gas pipeline
1070:The project was developed by the
1003:(extension to be built) from the
979:International Finance Corporation
701:Special Envoy for Eurasian Energy
214:31 billion cubic metres (1.1
5575:Natural gas pipelines in Romania
5570:Natural gas pipelines in Hungary
5560:Natural gas pipelines in Austria
5119:
4958:
4947:
4946:
4920:Advanced Plant Management System
4619:Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service
4583:
3796:Shields, Michael (28 May 2013).
3743:Schneeweiss, Zoe (10 May 2012).
3679:Gokoluk, Selcuk (11 July 2009).
3474:. NHST Media Group. 10 July 2009
2643:Senerdem, Melis (5 March 2010).
2417:Kurt, Süleyman (23 April 2009).
1685:Cendrowicz, Leo (13 July 2009).
1367:
1353:
1339:
505:gas through the now operational
5595:Turkey–European Union relations
5590:Cancelled energy infrastructure
5534:National Iranian Tanker Company
4466:Caucasus Analytical Digest No.3
4460:Project Focus: Nabucco Pipeline
3918:. Downstream Today. 15 May 2009
3591:Barnett, Neil (14 March 2008).
3082:"Penspen takes on Nabucco role"
2365:. 16 April 2009. Archived from
2086:Lobjakas, Ahto (13 July 2009).
1409:2009 Russia–Ukraine gas dispute
754:), and the other connecting to
5219:National Petrochemical Company
4822:North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm
4744:Nordsee-Ost offshore wind farm
4450:Projected gas routes to Europe
3822:Dempsey, Judy (13 July 2006).
3646:Sweeney, Conor (5 June 2008).
3157:Harrison, Peter (6 May 2011).
3058:. 28 June 2012. Archived from
2298:Dempsey, Judy (11 June 2008).
2245:"RWE keen on Nabucco supplies"
1399:New Europe Transmission System
1236:Economic and political aspects
785:: 383 kilometres (238 mi)
779:: 475 kilometres (295 mi)
773:: 424 kilometres (263 mi)
577:presented to delegates at the
1:
5138:Gas Exporting Countries Forum
4455:5 bin kişiye iş imkanı-Turkey
3384:"Nabucco sets sights on Iraq"
3234:. Bloomberg. 15 November 2012
3214:. EurActiv.com. 27 June 2013.
2676:Badalova, A. (5 March 2010).
2225:. EurActiv. 18 September 2007
1191:, a partner in South Stream,
481:with potential supplies from
206:3,893 km (2,419 mi)
5580:Proposed pipelines in Europe
5242:Dauletabad–Sarakhs–Khangiran
5209:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
5181:2007 Gasoline Rationing Plan
5148:National Iranian Gas Company
5071:Iranian Offshore Oil Company
5061:National Iranian Oil Company
5034:Energy subsidies reform plan
4812:Little Barford Power Station
4792:Great Yarmouth Power Station
3886:. New Europe. Archived from
3004:"PGNiG Eyes Link To Nabucco"
2027:Spiegel Online International
1508:. Vol. 9, no. 90.
1472:. Vol. 9, no. 98.
1104:(wholly owned subsidiary of
791:: 47 kilometres (29 mi)
4540:RWE Supply & Trading CZ
4387:"BP shuts in Georgia links"
3112:. News.az. 21 December 2011
2522:Kelly, Ian (13 July 2009).
2284:Acta Universitatis Danubius
1205:International Energy Agency
619:comes from the same famous
553:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
441:Turkey–Austria gas pipeline
413:1,329 km (826 mi)
5611:
5305:Atomic Energy Organization
4739:Niederaussem Power Station
4719:Lingen Nuclear Power Plant
4694:Biblis Nuclear Power Plant
3942:United Press International
1834:. RTTNews. 3 February 2010
1624:United Press International
1394:Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
1017:Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
706:and Ranking Member of the
573:, senior research fellow,
520:
429:48 in (1,219 mm)
232:56 in (1,422 mm)
224: cu ft) per year
5470:National Development Fund
5446:Foreign direct investment
5117:
5107:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
5056:
5014:
4928:
4817:Littlebrook Power Station
4797:Greater Gabbard wind farm
4581:
2914:Стайкова, Росица (2010).
2363:Journal of Turkish Weekly
245:
39:
5539:Jey Oil Refining Company
5378:Jey Oil Refining Company
4837:Staythorpe Power Station
4295:, CEE Bankwatch Network.
3259:. EurActiv. 4 March 2010
2497:"Nabucco Summits Begins"
1155:Map of Nabucco and TANAP
968:European Investment Bank
637:. In December 2003, the
507:Trans-Anatolian Pipeline
4772:Aberthaw power stations
4704:Garzweiler surface mine
3915:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
3416:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
2804:The Wall Street Journal
1510:The Heritage Foundation
1474:The Heritage Foundation
1389:South Caucasus Pipeline
1291:, which undermines the
948:Trans Adriatic Pipeline
942:, managing director of
752:South Caucasus Pipeline
744:Baumgarten an der March
724:Trans Adriatic Pipeline
694:Commissioner for Energy
663:President of Azerbaijan
537:Trans-European Networks
511:Trans-Adriatic Pipeline
456:Baumgarten an der March
336:Baumgarten an der March
138:Baumgarten an der March
5466:Oil Stabilization Fund
5399:Climate change in Iran
4842:Tilbury power stations
4827:Pembroke Power Station
3569:Cite journal requires
3056:Bloomberg Businessweek
2002:Cite journal requires
1946:Cite journal requires
1890:Cite journal requires
1807:Cite journal requires
1760:Cite journal requires
1164:
1156:
760:Tabriz–Ankara pipeline
5461:Ministry of Petroleum
5404:Construction industry
4807:Knabs Ridge wind farm
4787:Dogger Bank Wind Farm
4782:Didcot power stations
4749:Rostock Power Station
4734:Neurath Power Station
4665:Horizon Nuclear Power
4643:Rostock Power Station
4365:CEE Bankwatch Network
4310:CEE Bankwatch Network
2947:Bulgarian News Agency
1506:Eurasia Daily Monitor
1470:Eurasia Daily Monitor
1231:Controversial aspects
1220:liquefied natural gas
1175:pipeline beneath the
1162:
1154:
800:. After crossing the
646:was nominated by the
405:Technical information
198:Technical information
5441:Environmental issues
5153:Natural gas reserves
4849:(proposed wind farm)
4714:Hambach surface mine
4293:Nabucco gas pipeline
3414:. Downstream Today.
3006:. Downstream Today.
2118:(22 December 2009).
1147:Alternative projects
1048:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
563:South Eastern Europe
5529:Naftiran Intertrade
5431:Dams and reservoirs
4336:European Parliament
4218:(15 October 2009).
4084:. 20 September 2010
3292:on 29 November 2020
2779:on 21 December 2016
2657:on 29 November 2020
2562:on 29 November 2020
2503:on 22 December 2011
2339:on 11 February 2009
1980:European Commission
1924:European Commission
1868:European Commission
1786:. 22 September 2006
1784:European Commission
1730:European Commission
1721:(4 February 2009).
1719:van Aartsen, Jozias
1435:. 30 September 2010
704:Richard Morningstar
690:Jose Manuel Barroso
648:European Commission
639:European Commission
557:European Commission
343:General information
252:Map of Nabucco-West
145:General information
5456:Ministry of Energy
5091:Petroleum industry
5024:Petroleum industry
4338:. 29 November 2009
4244:(4 January 2010).
4164:. 22 February 2012
4058:on 17 January 2010
4022:. 24 February 2010
3829:The New York Times
3714:The Turkish Weekly
2922:on 27 October 2010
2595:on 9 February 2010
2305:The New York Times
1630:on 9 February 2008
1320:Reasons of failure
1165:
1157:
890:Technical features
644:Jozias van Aartsen
635:Vienna State Opera
439:(also referred as
5547:
5546:
5495:Machine Sazi Arak
5436:Energy superpower
5115:
5114:
4974:
4973:
4892:
4891:
4673:
4672:
4579:
4578:
4312:. 4 December 2009
4052:Trend News Agency
3721:on 5 January 2012
2682:Trend News Agency
2526:(Press release).
2398:. 27 January 2009
2369:on 13 August 2009
2067:. 27 January 2009
1739:on 8 January 2010
1001:Arab Gas Pipeline
960:Reinhard Mitschek
940:Reinhard Mitschek
678:Southern Corridor
433:
432:
418:Maximum discharge
271:General direction
236:
235:
211:Maximum discharge
65:General direction
16:(Redirected from
5602:
5524:Strait of Hormuz
5123:
5054:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4978:
4962:
4961:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4936:
4904:Fritz Vahrenholt
4884:Nakhchivan field
4879:Nabucco pipeline
4699:Innogy Nordsee 1
4684:
4599:
4587:
4515:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4472:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4362:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4054:. Archived from
4043:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3819:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3717:. Archived from
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3656:. Archived from
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3599:on 10 April 2008
3588:
3579:
3578:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3497:. Finchannel.com
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3288:. Archived from
3275:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3008:AFX News Limited
3000:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2980:. Archived from
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2954:on 19 April 2013
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2775:. Archived from
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2742:. Archived from
2729:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2684:. Archived from
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2653:. Archived from
2640:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2591:. Archived from
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2558:. Archived from
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2278:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2175:on 29 April 2010
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2051:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1969:
1956:
1955:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1922:(in Hungarian).
1921:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1857:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1732:. Archived from
1727:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1695:. Archived from
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1662:. Archived from
1649:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1626:. Archived from
1615:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1596:on 11 March 2008
1592:. Archived from
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1425:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1312:Security aspects
1242:Rosen Plevneliev
1042:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1015:via the planned
929:Central European
661:was signed. The
448:pipeline project
437:Nabucco pipeline
250:
238:
220:
219:
44:
35:Nabucco pipeline
32:
21:
18:Nabucco Pipeline
5610:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5517:U.S. withdrawal
5419:Khatam al-Anbia
5382:
5364:
5346:
5337:Nuclear program
5291:
5272:Korpeje–Kordkuy
5257:Iran–Iraq–Syria
5228:
5195:
5167:
5124:
5111:
5095:
5043:
5010:
5005:
4975:
4970:
4937:
4932:
4924:
4908:
4888:
4869:Gazela Pipeline
4852:
4764:
4758:
4679:
4669:
4653:
4594:
4593:Joint ventures
4588:
4575:
4544:
4510:
4504:
4499:
4441:
4425:
4423:Further reading
4420:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4392:Upstream Online
4385:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4242:Socor, Vladimir
4240:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4216:Socor, Vladimir
4214:
4213:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4196:on 26 July 2011
4182:
4181:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4045:
4044:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3944:. 11 March 2010
3936:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3893:
3891:
3890:on 28 June 2008
3881:
3880:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3832:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3780:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3660:on 18 July 2009
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3590:
3589:
3582:
3568:
3558:
3551:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3471:Upstream Online
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3446:. 14 April 2008
3436:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3418:. 16 April 2008
3410:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3389:Upstream Online
3382:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3317:Upstream Online
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3087:Upstream Online
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3062:on 20 June 2013
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3010:. 14 April 2008
3002:
3001:
2997:
2987:
2985:
2984:on 14 July 2011
2972:
2971:
2967:
2957:
2955:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2895:on 14 July 2011
2887:
2886:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2866:on 14 July 2011
2858:
2857:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2746:on 7 March 2016
2731:
2730:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2688:on 5 March 2010
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2621:on 16 July 2011
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2250:Upstream Online
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2203:on 18 July 2009
2193:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2052:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2001:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1959:
1945:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1889:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1806:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1759:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1699:on 16 July 2009
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1666:on 19 July 2009
1651:
1650:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1537:on 28 June 2013
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1500:(11 May 2012).
1498:Socor, Vladimir
1496:
1495:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1464:(23 May 2012).
1462:Socor, Vladimir
1460:
1459:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1238:
1233:
1149:
1068:
1066:Project company
1039:
1037:
1029:
1027:
996:
956:
901:
892:
798:Yambol Province
736:
697:Andris Piebalgs
591:
525:
519:
443:) was a failed
378:
373:
368:
363:
253:
217:
215:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5608:
5606:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5552:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5472:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5356:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5201:Petrochemicals
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5186:Fuel smuggling
5183:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5125:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5019:Power stations
5015:
5012:
5011:
5008:Energy in Iran
5006:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4968:
4956:
4943:
4942:
4939:Decommissioned
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4777:Atlantic Array
4774:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:American Water
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4440:
4439:External links
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4406:
4378:
4349:
4323:
4297:
4285:
4259:
4233:
4207:
4175:
4147:
4121:
4095:
4069:
4033:
4007:
3981:
3955:
3929:
3901:
3874:
3842:
3814:
3788:
3762:
3751:on 13 May 2012
3732:
3699:
3671:
3638:
3610:
3580:
3571:|journal=
3530:
3508:
3485:
3457:
3429:
3403:
3375:
3353:
3331:
3303:
3270:
3245:
3231:Bloomberg News
3217:
3203:
3177:
3149:
3138:on 28 May 2013
3123:
3101:
3073:
3043:
3021:
2995:
2965:
2933:
2906:
2877:
2844:
2833:. 27 June 2013
2818:
2807:. 28 June 2013
2790:
2757:
2721:
2699:
2668:
2632:
2606:
2573:
2540:
2514:
2488:
2477:. 13 July 2009
2460:
2438:
2409:
2396:Deutsche Welle
2380:
2350:
2318:
2290:
2264:
2236:
2214:
2186:
2160:
2138:
2125:New York Times
2104:
2078:
2041:
2030:. 13 July 2009
2013:
2004:|journal=
1957:
1948:|journal=
1901:
1892:|journal=
1845:
1818:
1809:|journal=
1771:
1762:|journal=
1710:
1677:
1641:
1607:
1574:
1563:. 28 June 2013
1548:
1522:
1486:
1446:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1364:
1350:
1347:Austria portal
1334:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1293:European Union
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1197:Sergei Shmatko
1148:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1113:
1099:
1089:
1067:
1064:
1011:or across the
995:
994:Supply sources
992:
970:(EIB) and the
955:
952:
900:
897:
891:
888:
818:Port of Bechet
793:
792:
786:
780:
774:
750:in the north (
735:
732:
625:Giuseppe Verdi
590:
587:
529:European Union
521:Main article:
518:
515:
464:European Union
431:
430:
427:
423:
422:
419:
415:
414:
411:
407:
406:
402:
401:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
340:
339:
333:
329:
328:
302:Port of Bechet
291:
290:Passes through
287:
286:
280:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
255:
254:
251:
243:
242:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
212:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
135:
131:
130:
104:Port of Bechet
85:
84:Passes through
81:
80:
74:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5607:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5475:Privatization
5473:
5471:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5287:Tabriz–Ankara
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:Iran–Pakistan
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Gas Trunkline
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5122:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5002:
4997:
4995:
4990:
4988:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4967:
4966:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4874:Gjøa oilfield
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4676:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4591:
4586:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4509:Divisions and
4507:
4503:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4379:
4366:
4359:
4353:
4350:
4337:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4260:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4136:. 29 May 2013
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4096:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
3996:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3956:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3889:
3885:
3878:
3875:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3803:
3799:
3792:
3789:
3777:
3773:
3766:
3763:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3700:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3675:
3672:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3639:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3614:
3611:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3563:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3531:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3496:
3489:
3486:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2907:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2758:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2669:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2544:
2541:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2424:Today's Zaman
2420:
2413:
2410:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2116:Dempsey, Judy
2111:
2109:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2009:
1996:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1940:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1884:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1801:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1754:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:Energy portal
1370:
1365:
1362:
1361:Turkey portal
1351:
1348:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1295:'s policy of
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:authoritarian
1281:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1193:Paolo Scaroni
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
993:
991:
989:
984:
983:due diligence
980:
975:
973:
969:
964:
961:
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:
938:According to
936:
934:
931:route by the
930:
926:
921:
919:
918:WorleyParsons
915:
911:
906:
898:
896:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
834:Caraș-Severin
831:
827:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
768:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
731:
729:
725:
719:
715:
713:
712:Richard Lugar
709:
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
685:
683:
679:
673:
671:
667:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
640:
636:
632:
631:
626:
622:
618:
617:
612:
609:of Bulgaria,
608:
604:
600:
596:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:United States
530:
524:
516:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
438:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
399:
395:
392:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
337:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
318:Caraș-Severin
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
249:
244:
239:
231:
227:
223:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
120:Caraș-Severin
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5451:Kharg Island
5276:
5252:Iran–Armenia
5081:Oil reserves
4963:
4951:
4938:
4933:
4878:
4864:Amercentrale
4847:Triton Knoll
4649:Urenco Group
4636:
4595:and holdings
4571:Thames Water
4511:subsidiaries
4409:
4397:. Retrieved
4390:
4381:
4369:. Retrieved
4352:
4340:. Retrieved
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4300:
4288:
4276:. Retrieved
4262:
4250:. Retrieved
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4194:the original
4187:
4178:
4166:. Retrieved
4159:
4150:
4138:. Retrieved
4133:
4124:
4114:15 September
4112:. Retrieved
4098:
4088:15 September
4086:. Retrieved
4081:
4072:
4060:. Retrieved
4056:the original
4024:. Retrieved
4010:
3998:. Retrieved
3984:
3972:. Retrieved
3958:
3946:. Retrieved
3932:
3920:. Retrieved
3913:
3904:
3892:. Retrieved
3888:the original
3877:
3865:. Retrieved
3855:
3845:
3833:. Retrieved
3827:
3817:
3805:. Retrieved
3801:
3791:
3779:. Retrieved
3775:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3749:the original
3723:. Retrieved
3719:the original
3712:
3702:
3690:. Retrieved
3684:
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3658:the original
3651:
3641:
3631:15 September
3629:. Retrieved
3623:
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3597:the original
3562:cite journal
3550:. Retrieved
3533:
3521:. Retrieved
3511:
3499:. Retrieved
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3469:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3441:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3387:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3356:
3344:. Retrieved
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3315:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3290:the original
3283:
3273:
3261:. Retrieved
3236:. Retrieved
3229:
3220:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3192:. 6 May 2011
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3162:
3152:
3140:. Retrieved
3136:the original
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3104:
3092:. Retrieved
3085:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3060:the original
3046:
3034:. Retrieved
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
2998:
2986:. Retrieved
2982:the original
2968:
2956:. Retrieved
2952:the original
2945:
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2920:the original
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2893:the original
2868:. Retrieved
2864:the original
2835:. Retrieved
2830:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2802:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2777:the original
2770:
2760:
2748:. Retrieved
2744:the original
2737:
2712:. Retrieved
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2686:the original
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2648:
2623:. Retrieved
2619:the original
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:the original
2586:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:the original
2553:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2501:the original
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2472:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2422:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2371:. Retrieved
2367:the original
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2337:the original
2330:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2303:
2293:
2282:
2255:. Retrieved
2248:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2217:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:the original
2195:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2173:the original
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2141:
2129:. Retrieved
2123:
2095:. Retrieved
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2058:
2032:. Retrieved
2025:
2016:
1995:cite journal
1983:. Retrieved
1939:cite journal
1927:. Retrieved
1883:cite journal
1871:. Retrieved
1836:. Retrieved
1800:cite journal
1788:. Retrieved
1774:
1753:cite journal
1741:. Retrieved
1734:the original
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:the original
1690:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1657:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1598:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1587:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1535:the original
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1505:
1477:. Retrieved
1469:
1437:. Retrieved
1423:
1327:South Stream
1323:
1315:
1306:
1303:Fossil fuels
1297:human rights
1289:Turkmenistan
1282:
1278:
1266:
1239:
1217:
1209:
1201:Nobuo Tanaka
1166:
1138:
1135:
1076:
1069:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1025:
997:
976:
965:
957:
937:
922:
902:
899:Construction
893:
878:gas company
874:
814:
802:Balkan Range
794:
764:
737:
720:
716:
686:
674:
666:Ilham Aliyev
656:
628:
614:
605:of Hungary,
597:and Turkish
592:
571:Simon Pirani
561:
526:
499:Nabucco-West
498:
495:
487:Turkmenistan
475:South Stream
454:, Turkey to
440:
436:
434:
241:Nabucco-West
221:
29:
5500:MAPNA Group
5394:Caspian Sea
5158:Persian LNG
5130:Natural gas
4802:Gwynt y Môr
4724:Mittelplate
4415:reuters.com
4367:. June 2010
4226:23 November
4189:Ekho Moskvy
3867:26 February
3835:10 November
3725:29 December
3552:17 November
3523:25 December
3501:23 November
3116:26 December
2427:. p. 4
2257:10 November
2131:23 December
1985:11 February
1929:11 February
1873:11 February
1634:11 February
1600:23 February
1404:Nord Stream
1299:promotion.
1173:Blue Stream
1013:Caspian Sea
670:Hilmi Güler
545:Middle East
541:Caspian Sea
445:natural gas
351:Natural gas
153:Natural gas
5554:Categories
5360:Wind power
5310:Facilities
4832:Rhyl Flats
4680:facilities
4678:Places and
4278:25 January
4200:16 January
4062:16 January
3396:10 October
3324:10 October
3296:8 February
3030:"Overview"
2926:18 January
2899:28 October
2870:28 October
2402:31 January
2343:31 January
2207:31 January
2097:17 January
2071:17 January
2034:17 January
1790:25 January
1743:25 January
1561:Publics.bg
1541:21 January
1439:11 October
1416:References
1287:regime in
1269:State Duma
1262:ExxonMobil
1246:Baumgarten
1215:projects.
1021:Kazakhstan
1005:Ekas field
933:Shah Deniz
680:Summit in
517:Motivation
503:Shah Deniz
483:Azerbaijan
367:(Bulgaria)
285:, Bulgaria
94:, Kofcas,
92:Kırklareli
90:, Yuluce,
5507:Sanctions
5325:Darkhovin
5282:Neka–Jask
5262:Iran–Oman
5234:Pipelines
5049:Petroleum
5039:Transport
4754:RWE Tower
4252:5 January
4109:Bloomberg
3995:Bloomberg
3969:Bloomberg
2566:8 January
2065:France 24
1838:8 January
1254:Black Sea
1177:Black Sea
1060:Black Sea
954:Financing
830:Mehedinți
607:Bulgargaz
603:MOL Group
579:Ukrainian
535:. In the
382:(Romania)
377:(Austria)
372:(Hungary)
338:, Austria
314:Mehedinți
283:Strandzha
274:east–west
174:Bulgargaz
140:, Austria
116:Mehedinți
68:East–West
5342:Timeline
5173:Gasoline
5143:Iran LNG
4953:Category
4639:(16.67%)
4614:Forewind
4168:15 March
4134:EurActiv
4082:EurActiv
4000:20 March
3974:20 March
3948:20 March
3857:BBC News
3781:14 April
3603:20 April
3450:19 April
3443:BBC News
3422:19 April
3190:Mediafax
3094:20 April
3014:19 April
2958:20 March
2831:EurActiv
2783:15 March
2750:15 March
2474:BBC News
2431:28 April
2373:16 April
1333:See also
1141:GDF Suez
1126:Transgaz
1096:Bulgaria
988:Mitschek
858:Belareca
850:Coșuștea
810:Oryahovo
771:Bulgaria
710:Senator
692:and the
659:Bulgaria
611:Transgaz
583:Izvestia
543:and the
531:and the
426:Diameter
397:Expected
387:Operator
380:Transgaz
362:(Turkey)
356:Partners
298:Oryahovo
294:Lozenets
258:Location
229:Diameter
188:Operator
170:Transgaz
158:Partners
100:Oryahovo
96:Lozenets
79:, Turkey
52:Location
5387:Related
5370:Bitumen
5320:Bushehr
5297:Nuclear
5277:Nabucco
5100:Defunct
5029:Economy
4965:Commons
4765:Kingdom
4763:United
4687:Germany
4645:(24.6%)
4602:Current
4566:RWE Dea
4525:Amprion
4518:Current
4399:23 July
4371:23 July
4342:23 July
4161:Reuters
4140:12 June
4026:5 March
4020:Novinit
3807:12 June
3802:Reuters
3776:Reuters
3755:12 June
3692:11 July
3686:Reuters
3664:13 June
3653:Reuters
3478:11 July
3368:12 June
3346:12 June
3285:Reuters
3263:5 March
3238:12 June
3164:Reuters
3142:12 June
3066:12 June
3036:12 June
2988:15 July
2860:"Route"
2837:29 June
2811:29 June
2772:Reuters
2739:Reuters
2714:12 June
2692:5 March
2661:5 March
2650:Reuters
2625:15 July
2599:15 July
2588:Reuters
2555:Reuters
2533:13 July
2507:13 July
2481:13 July
2332:Reuters
2311:15 July
2153:12 June
1703:13 July
1670:13 July
1659:Reuters
1589:Reuters
1567:29 June
1256:, with
1250:Austria
1169:Gazprom
1130:Romania
1120:Austria
1110:Hungary
914:Penspen
789:Austria
783:Hungary
777:Romania
748:Georgia
630:Nabucco
616:Nabucco
589:History
567:Russian
468:Gazprom
452:Erzurum
263:Country
57:Country
5480:AzarAb
5414:ISOICO
5330:Fordow
4897:People
4658:Former
4631:Innogy
4561:Npower
4549:Former
4535:Essent
4316:5 June
3922:16 May
3894:16 May
3625:Globes
2453:5 July
2229:5 July
2092:RFE/RL
1515:24 May
1479:24 May
1181:Serbia
1086:Turkey
1072:Vienna
925:Saipem
884:Poland
876:Polish
868:, and
840:, and
822:Nădlac
806:Danube
740:Ahiboz
682:Prague
489:, and
410:Length
324:, and
306:Nădlac
203:Length
126:, and
108:Nădlac
88:İnegöl
77:Ahiboz
5485:HEPCO
5424:SADRA
5214:Marun
4913:Other
4857:Other
4633:(75%)
4627:(75%)
4621:(28%)
4361:(PDF)
3543:(PDF)
3196:6 May
3170:6 May
2179:8 May
1976:(PDF)
1920:(PDF)
1864:(PDF)
1737:(PDF)
1726:(PDF)
1218:Also
1185:Italy
1082:BOTAŞ
910:SCADA
880:PGNiG
870:Mureș
862:Timiș
854:Cerna
838:Timiș
734:Route
621:opera
599:BOTAŞ
491:Egypt
450:from
360:BOTAŞ
322:Timiș
178:BOTAŞ
124:Timiș
5490:IDRO
5468:and
5352:Wind
5315:Arak
5086:OPEC
4934:Sold
4401:2010
4373:2010
4344:2010
4318:2013
4280:2010
4254:2010
4228:2009
4202:2010
4170:2013
4142:2013
4116:2011
4090:2011
4064:2010
4028:2010
4002:2010
3976:2010
3950:2010
3924:2009
3896:2009
3869:2008
3837:2007
3809:2013
3783:2013
3757:2013
3727:2011
3694:2009
3666:2008
3633:2011
3605:2008
3575:help
3554:2011
3525:2008
3503:2009
3480:2009
3452:2008
3424:2008
3398:2010
3370:2013
3348:2013
3326:2010
3298:2010
3265:2010
3240:2013
3198:2011
3172:2011
3144:2013
3118:2011
3096:2008
3068:2013
3038:2013
3016:2008
2990:2010
2960:2010
2928:2011
2901:2010
2872:2010
2839:2013
2813:2013
2785:2013
2752:2013
2716:2013
2694:2010
2663:2010
2627:2010
2601:2010
2568:2010
2535:2009
2509:2009
2483:2009
2455:2009
2433:2009
2404:2008
2375:2009
2345:2009
2313:2010
2259:2007
2231:2009
2209:2009
2181:2009
2155:2013
2133:2009
2099:2010
2073:2010
2036:2010
2008:help
1987:2018
1952:help
1931:2018
1896:help
1875:2018
1840:2010
1813:help
1792:2010
1766:help
1745:2010
1705:2009
1692:Time
1672:2009
1636:2018
1602:2008
1569:2013
1543:2013
1517:2012
1481:2012
1441:2010
1260:and
1102:FGSZ
1036:–180
1009:Iran
866:Bega
842:Arad
826:Dolj
756:Iraq
479:Iraq
435:The
400:2018
370:FGSZ
348:Type
326:Arad
310:Dolj
279:From
150:Type
128:Arad
112:Dolj
73:From
5585:RWE
4502:RWE
3862:BBC
2060:AFP
1258:OMV
1189:Eni
1116:OMV
1108:) (
1106:MOL
1092:BEH
1056:OMV
846:Jiu
808:at
728:OMV
652:RWE
623:of
595:OMV
472:Eni
375:OMV
365:BEH
182:RWE
166:MOL
162:OMV
5556::
4389:.
4363:.
4334:.
4308:.
4271:.
4186:.
4158:.
4132:.
4107:.
4080:.
4050:.
4036:^
4018:.
3993:.
3967:.
3940:.
3912:.
3860:.
3854:.
3826:.
3800:.
3774:.
3735:^
3711:.
3683:.
3650:.
3622:.
3583:^
3566::
3564:}}
3560:{{
3545:.
3468:.
3440:.
3386:.
3314:.
3282:.
3248:^
3228:.
3188:.
3161:.
3084:.
2976:.
2944:.
2880:^
2847:^
2829:.
2801:.
2769:.
2736:.
2724:^
2680:.
2647:.
2635:^
2585:.
2552:.
2471:.
2421:.
2394:.
2383:^
2361:.
2329:.
2302:.
2267:^
2247:.
2122:.
2107:^
2090:.
2063:.
2057:.
2044:^
2024:.
1999::
1997:}}
1993:{{
1978:.
1960:^
1943::
1941:}}
1937:{{
1904:^
1887::
1885:}}
1881:{{
1866:.
1848:^
1821:^
1804::
1802:}}
1798:{{
1782:.
1757::
1755:}}
1751:{{
1728:.
1689:.
1656:.
1644:^
1622:.
1610:^
1586:.
1559:.
1504:.
1489:^
1468:.
1449:^
1431:.
1248:,
1040:10
1030:10
886:.
864:,
860:,
856:,
852:,
848:,
836:,
832:,
828:,
684:.
493:.
485:,
332:To
320:,
316:,
312:,
308:,
304:,
300:,
296:,
218:10
134:To
122:,
118:,
114:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
98:,
5000:e
4993:t
4986:v
4494:e
4487:t
4480:v
4403:.
4375:.
4346:.
4320:.
4282:.
4256:.
4230:.
4204:.
4172:.
4144:.
4118:.
4092:.
4066:.
4030:.
4004:.
3978:.
3952:.
3926:.
3898:.
3871:.
3839:.
3811:.
3785:.
3759:.
3729:.
3696:.
3668:.
3635:.
3607:.
3577:)
3573:(
3556:.
3527:.
3505:.
3482:.
3454:.
3426:.
3400:.
3372:.
3350:.
3328:.
3300:.
3267:.
3242:.
3200:.
3174:.
3146:.
3120:.
3098:.
3070:.
3040:.
3018:.
2992:.
2962:.
2930:.
2903:.
2874:.
2841:.
2815:.
2787:.
2754:.
2718:.
2696:.
2665:.
2629:.
2603:.
2570:.
2537:.
2511:.
2485:.
2457:.
2435:.
2406:.
2377:.
2347:.
2315:.
2287:.
2261:.
2233:.
2211:.
2183:.
2157:.
2135:.
2101:.
2075:.
2038:.
2010:)
2006:(
1989:.
1954:)
1950:(
1933:.
1898:)
1894:(
1877:.
1842:.
1815:)
1811:(
1794:.
1768:)
1764:(
1747:.
1707:.
1674:.
1638:.
1604:.
1571:.
1545:.
1519:.
1483:.
1443:.
1132:)
1128:(
1122:)
1118:(
1112:)
1098:)
1094:(
1088:)
1084:(
1044:^
1038:×
1034:^
1028:×
470:-
222:^
216:×
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
