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The system consisted of four satellites, each with a mass of 870 kg, diameter of 2m and length of 3.5. They orbit at an inclination of 89 degrees and an altitude of 1,000 km.
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The satellites were first introduced in 1989. A newer version, called
Nadezhda-M is reportedly smaller than the original one. It was due to be replaced by the
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satellites. Nadezhda-M6 was launched on 28 June 2001. Nadezhda-M7 was launched on 26 September 2002. The satellites were designed and manufactured by
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35:: Надежда, means Hope in English) was a civilian satellite navigation system, part of the space segment of
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50:The first three satellites received designations
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114:Harvey, Brian (2007). "Military programs".
116:The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program
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37:International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
20:Scale model of Nadezhda satellite at
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118:(1st ed.). Germany: Springer.
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151:Navigation satellites of Russia
22:Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics
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91:"Spacecraft "Nadezhda""
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58:(1983), and
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52:Kosmos 1383
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77:References
62:(1984).
54:(1982),
43:Overview
29:Nadezhda
33:Russian
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71:NPO PM
67:Sterkh
120:ISBN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
