803:
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594:("Liberty"), which also espoused the purpose of the Young Ottomans. Kemal's papers rapidly became a popular venue for Young Ottomans to express their anti-sultanate and pro-parliamentary sentiments. However, as a result of their outspokenness, many Young Ottomans were, like Kemal, forced to flee the empire and seek refuge in Western Europe.
48:
428:
in the Empire in 1876. Kemal was particularly significant for championing the notions of freedom and fatherland in his numerous plays and poems, and his works would have a powerful impact on the establishment of and future reform movements in Turkey, as well as other former
Ottoman territories. He
601:, he summed up the Young Ottomans' political ideals as "the sovereignty of the nation, the separation of powers, the responsibility of officials, personal freedom, equality, freedom of thought, freedom of press, freedom of association, enjoyment of property, sanctity of the home".
782:, was willing to allow Parliament to function, he quickly decided that it was easier for him to enact reform by seizing autocratic powers instead of waiting for the approval of elected officials. In order to successfully implement his autocratic rule, Abdul Hamid II exiled many
750:
in 1876. However, their hope that Murad would institute the reforms they desired was dashed, for it rapidly became apparent that he was not suited for rule; his weak nerves and alcoholism leading to his abdication after only three months. Namık Kemal protested against
817:. Kemal's focus on national loyalty, rather than loyalty to a monarch (influenced, as it was, by Western European ideals of self-government) contributed not only to the spread of democracy during the early 20th century, but also to the formation of the modern
608:, in preference to that of France which, under Napoleon III, he considered too authoritarian. London on the other hand, with its "indomitable power of public opinion against authority" he saw as the "model of the world" in political principles.
624:
Namık Kemal was heavily influenced by
Western conceptions of the relationship between the government and the people. As such, he and his compatriots spoke out against the movement to centralize the government being undertaken by Sultan
567:
were a group of political activists whose members came principally from the young elite of
Ottoman society. The major goal of this group was to institute political reform according to the Western ideas of representative government.
829:, often remarked that he had been influenced by Kemal's writing as a young man, and that they had subsequently been a source of inspiration for his goals in the formation of the Turkish government and state.
481:. Since surnames or family names were not in use during the Ottoman Empire, "Kemal" was not his surname, but part of his first name. During his youth, Kemal traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire, staying in
571:
After joining the Young
Ottomans in 1862, Kemal continually wrote essays on the subjects of political, administrative, social, and foreign policy reform. In 1864, Kemal took over the pro-reform newspaper
3073:
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In 1869 or 1870, Kemal was allowed to return to
Constantinople and proceeded to write for a number of Young Ottoman-run newspapers, and eventually published one of his own,
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652:("Admonition"), in which he addressed more intellectual, social, and national subjects. One of the newspapers he contributed to during this period was
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786:, including Namık Kemal, who were critical of his decision to disregard the Parliament. Thus, for the third time, Kemal was removed from
755:’s deposition, and continued to support Murad's Western political perspectives, but ultimately, his pleas failed to have any effect and
494:
461:(present-day Turkey, then part of the Ottoman Empire) on 21 December 1840, to mother Fatma Zehra Hanım and father Mustafa Asım Bey, the
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In addition, it was after his return to
Constantinople that Kemal wrote his most significant and influential work: the play
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637:. As a result of his criticism of the government, Namık Kemal was exiled from the Ottoman Empire in 1867 and fled to
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509:. However, as a result of the political nature of his writings, Kemal was forced to leave this job by
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493:, and studied a number of subjects, including poetry. In 1857, at the age of 17, Kemal worked in the
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852:(1887/88), a historical novel based on the life of a 16th-century khan of the Crimean Tatars
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1150:"Namık Kemal | 19th Century Turkish Poet, Playwright & Social Reformer | Britannica"
1098:
The
History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present, second editio
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Hearing the
Crimean War: Wartime Sound and the Unmaking of Sense. Gavin Williams p.37
1732:
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454:
397:
243:
2152:
1425:
Formation of the Modern State: The
Ottoman Empire, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
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1709:"Rethinking Ottoman Cross-Cultural Encounters: Turks and the Armenian Alphabet"
1708:
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soldier whose loyalty to his nation, and not his religion or allegiance to the
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is often regarded as being instrumental in redefining
Western concepts like
401:
2382:
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Namık Kemal was one of the leading figures in creating a national identity
730:
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1569:
The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present
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586:
was forced into exile. In 1868, after being forced to seek refuge in
306:
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81:
766:, was established in 1876, largely as a result of pressure from the
47:
1044:"Namık Kemal, the Enlightenment and the future of the Muslim world"
791:
722:
His masterpiece, "Ode to Freedom" summarizes his political views.
638:
615:
587:
547:
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444:
98:
449:
Namık Kemal (on the right) with his friend Kanipaşazade Rıfat Bey
486:
139:
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762:
Despite Murad's abdication, the first Ottoman Parliament, the
2103:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 260–261.
2069:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 212–213.
1954:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 181–182.
695:. The impact these nationalist sentiments, unheard of in the
382:
813:
Namık Kemal had an enormous influence on the formation of a
1398:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 70–71.
719:, where he remained for three years between 1873 and 1876.
16:
Turkish poet, journalist and political activist (1840–1888)
1308:
Nihal Atsız, Türk Tarihinde Meseleler, Ankara 1966, p. 144
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
590:, Kemal began to handle the publication of the newspaper
1988:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 212.
1511:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 131.
1361:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1628:
1626:
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1378:
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1204:
574:
540:
526:
2124:
Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009).
1870:
Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009).
1805:"Ode to Freedom - A Poetic Translation | Tamga Türk"
1633:
Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009).
1464:
Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009).
1255:
Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009).
1181:
Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (1 January 2009).
2516:
2276:
2200:
1493:
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1343:
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790:by being forced into an administrative position in
746:’s ascension to the throne after the abdication of
191:
173:
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88:
54:
38:
3074:Dramatists and playwrights from the Ottoman Empire
2007:
2005:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1658:
1656:
1538:. Central European University Press. p. 447.
1417:
1415:
774:’s political influence. However, while, at first,
416:and their struggle for governmental reform in the
3064:19th-century journalists from the Ottoman Empire
2100:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
2066:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1985:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1951:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1508:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1395:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
1358:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
620:A photo of Namık Kemal taken in Istanbul, 1878.
846:(1874), (Awakening, or, Ali Bey’s Experiences)
2178:
396:; 21 December 1840 – 2 December 1888) was an
345:
8:
597:Namık Kemal admired the constitution of the
582:after its previous owner and Kemal's friend
412:who was influential in the formation of the
2041:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1926:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1855:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1789:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1692:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1240:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3069:19th-century poets from the Ottoman Empire
2185:
2171:
2163:
1601:A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire
473:descent, his family originally being from
352:
338:
216:
35:
1428:. Syracuse University Press. p. 79.
1285:Secularism and Muslim Democracy in Turkey
1261:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 417–418.
1064:"Islam and Democracy: A False Dichotomy"
801:
729:
703:was so profound that Kemal's newspaper,
3099:19th-century dramatists and playwrights
1532:Berger, Stefan; Miller, Alexei (2015).
1035:
305:
282:
261:
235:
219:
2034:
1919:
1848:
1782:
1685:
1233:
764:General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire
679:, motivates him to defend the town of
604:Namık Kemal drew on the parliamentary
404:, intellectual, reformer, journalist,
1125:Turkey, Identity, Democracy, Politics
391:
7:
1876:. Infobase Publishing. p. 404.
1470:. Infobase Publishing. p. 418.
1187:. Infobase Publishing. p. 417.
844:İntibah yahut Ali Bey'in sergüzeşiti
629:(ruled 1861–1876), and his advisors
575:
541:
527:
516:and so joined his friend and fellow
372:
2130:. Infobase Publishing. p. 48.
1220:. HarperCollins. pp. 504–505.
667:, which translates to "Homeland or
3104:Male poets from the Ottoman Empire
2127:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
2013:Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross
1898:Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross
1873:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1827:Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross
1761:Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross
1664:Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross
1639:. Infobase Publishing. p. 5.
1636:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1467:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1258:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1212:Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross
1184:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
671:." The play tells the story of an
14:
1004:(Introduction to Ottoman History)
538:). Kemal worked as the editor of
469:'s Palace. Kemal's father was of
457:subject, Namık Kemal was born in
3036:
3035:
3023:
1422:Rifaʻat Ali Abou-El-Haj (2005).
905:(Foreword to "Spring of Wisdom")
825:. The founder of modern Turkey,
424:period, which would lead to the
46:
3109:Male dramatists and playwrights
1101:. Endinburgh University Press.
2021:. HarperCollins. p. 530.
1906:. HarperCollins. p. 515.
1835:. HarperCollins. p. 514.
1769:. HarperCollins. p. 507.
1672:. HarperCollins. p. 506.
1620:Lord Kinross Ottoman Centuries
1603:, Princeton University Press.
1572:. Edinburgh University Press.
1321:The Emergence of Modern Turkey
1288:. Cambridge University Press.
794:, where he would die in 1888.
606:constitution of United Kingdom
546:until his exile and flight to
1:
3119:Turks from the Ottoman Empire
821:after the dissolution of the
711:, in a building known as the
1725:10.1080/00263206.2014.951038
383:
1599:Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2008).
1324:. Oxford U.P. p. 141.
778:, the sultan who succeeded
699:prior to Kemal, had on the
3135:
909:Terceme-i Hâl-i Nevruz Bey
103:Vilayet of the Archipelago
31:. There is no family name.
18:
3114:19th-century male writers
3017:
2969:Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu
1122:Kedourie, Sylvia (2013).
953:(Criticism of Mes Prison)
947:(Foreword to "Awakening")
911:(Biography of Nevruz Bey)
903:Bahar-ı Daniş Mukaddimesi
815:Turkish national identity
435:constitutional government
393:[ˈnaː.mɯkce.ˈmal]
45:
3089:Turkish male journalists
2498:Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi
1282:Yavuz, M. Hakan (2009).
1020:Namık Kemal House Museum
923:(Criticism of "Harabat")
865:(Homeland, or, Silistra)
742:, Namık Kemal supported
641:where many other exiled
426:First Constitutional Era
2689:Halide Nusret Zorlutuna
2378:Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi
2158:Encyclopædia Britannica
941:(Defense against Renan)
935:(Letter to İrfan Pasha)
2929:Şevket Süreyya Aydemir
2704:Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar
2619:Cevat Şakir Kabaağaçlı
2438:Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem
1713:Middle Eastern Studies
1707:Murat Cankara (2015).
1566:Black, Antony (2011).
1318:Bernard Lewis (1968).
1095:Black, Antony (2011).
1015:Namık Kemal University
1002:Osmanlı Tarihi Medhali
951:Mes Prison Muahezenesi
810:
806:Namık Kemal statue in
759:stepped down in 1876.
735:
621:
502:
450:
2894:Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil
2789:Necip Fazıl Kısakürek
2759:Memduh Şevket Esendal
2524:Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar
2483:Tâcîzâde Cafer Çelebi
2468:Prizrenli Suzi Çelebi
2288:Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan
1535:Nationalizing Empires
978:(Scattered Documents)
827:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
805:
733:
631:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
619:
599:French Third Republic
514:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
448:
2959:Vasfi Mahir Kocatürk
2899:Sait Faik Abasıyanık
2749:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
2699:Halid Ziya Uşaklıgil
2669:Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca
2664:Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel
2544:Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar
2388:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
996:Siege of Nagykanizsa
933:İrfan Paşa'ya Mektup
891:Celaleddin Harzemşah
863:Vatan yahut Silistre
664:Vatan Yahut Silistre
197:Vatan Yahut Silistre
74:Eyalet of Adrianople
2964:Yahya Kemal Beyatlı
2884:Ruşen Eşref Ünaydın
2874:Reşat Nuri Güntekin
2834:Oktay Rıfat Horozcu
2744:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
2694:Halit Fahri Ozansoy
2654:Ercüment Ekrem Talu
2649:Enis Behiç Koryürek
2599:Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı
2549:Ahmet Muhip Dıranas
2493:Yahya bey Dukagjini
982:Silistre Muhâsarası
945:İntibah Mukaddimesi
939:Renan Müdafaanâmesi
917:(Foreword to Celal)
713:Namık Kemal Dungeon
524:, on his newspaper
2824:Orhan Hançerlioğlu
2754:Melih Cevdet Anday
2734:Kenan Hulusi Koray
2684:Halide Edib Adıvar
2448:Samipaşazade Sezai
2233:Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli
2208:Aşık Mahzuni Şerif
2194:Turkish literature
1154:www.britannica.com
966:(Spark of Victory)
897:Literary criticism
819:Republic of Turkey
811:
736:
645:had found refuge.
622:
612:Ideology and exile
507:Ottoman Government
495:Translation Office
451:
410:political activist
3051:
3050:
3030:Turkey portal
2924:Suut Kemal Yetkin
2869:Refik Halit Karay
2849:Orhan Şaik Gökyay
2844:Orhan Seyfi Orhon
2554:Ahmet Kutsi Tecer
2338:Fatma Aliye Topuz
2137:978-1-4381-1025-7
2110:978-0-521-29166-8
2076:978-0-521-29166-8
2028:978-0-688-08093-8
2018:Ottoman Centuries
2015:(1 August 1979).
1995:978-0-521-29166-8
1961:978-0-521-29166-8
1913:978-0-688-08093-8
1903:Ottoman Centuries
1900:(1 August 1979).
1883:978-1-4381-1025-7
1842:978-0-688-08093-8
1832:Ottoman Centuries
1829:(1 August 1979).
1815:on 4 August 2020.
1809:www.tamgaturk.com
1776:978-0-688-08093-8
1766:Ottoman Centuries
1763:(1 August 1979).
1679:978-0-688-08093-8
1669:Ottoman Centuries
1666:(1 August 1979).
1646:978-1-4381-1025-7
1518:978-0-521-29166-8
1477:978-1-4381-1025-7
1435:978-0-8156-3085-2
1405:978-0-521-29166-8
1368:978-0-521-29166-8
1295:978-0-521-88878-3
1268:978-1-4381-1025-7
1227:978-0-688-08093-8
1217:Ottoman Centuries
1214:(1 August 1979).
1194:978-1-4381-1025-7
1135:978-0-714-64718-0
1108:978-0-7486-3986-1
1025:Nam-ı Kemal jokes
992:Kanije Muhâsarası
986:Siege of Silistra
972:(Age of Invasion)
915:Mukaddime-i Celal
881:(The Black Curse)
635:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
381:
362:
361:
215:
214:
182:Islamic modernism
174:Literary movement
3126:
3094:Social reformers
3039:
3038:
3028:
3027:
3026:
2994:Yusuf Ziya Ortaç
2979:Yaşar Nabi Nayır
2854:Orhan Veli Kanık
2809:Nihal Yeğinobalı
2629:Ece Ayhan Çağlar
2584:Behçet Necatigil
2358:Imadaddin Nasimi
2328:Cenâb Şehâbeddîn
2308:Ali Canip Yöntem
2258:Pir Sultan Abdal
2187:
2180:
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2141:
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2091:Stanford J. Shaw
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2057:Stanford J. Shaw
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2009:
2000:
1999:
1976:Stanford J. Shaw
1972:
1966:
1965:
1942:Stanford J. Shaw
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1917:
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1811:. Archived from
1801:
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1499:Stanford J. Shaw
1495:
1482:
1481:
1461:
1440:
1439:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1386:Stanford J. Shaw
1382:
1373:
1372:
1349:Stanford J. Shaw
1345:
1336:
1335:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1299:
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1113:
1112:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:on 9 August 2017
1075:
1069:. Archived from
1068:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1052:. 31 March 2018.
1040:
958:Historical works
921:Tahrîb-i Harabat
580:
579:
554:Political career
544:
543:
532:
531:
463:chief astrologer
420:during the late
395:
390:
386:
376:
374:
354:
347:
340:
217:
95:
67:21 December 1840
66:
64:
50:
36:
23:style name, the
3134:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3024:
3022:
3013:
3004:Ziya Osman Saba
2769:Murathan Mungan
2512:
2293:Ahdi of Baghdad
2278:
2272:
2223:Erzurumlu Emrah
2196:
2191:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2095:Ezel Kural Shaw
2089:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2061:Ezel Kural Shaw
2055:
2054:
2050:
2033:
2029:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1980:Ezel Kural Shaw
1974:
1973:
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1962:
1946:Ezel Kural Shaw
1940:
1939:
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1503:Ezel Kural Shaw
1497:
1496:
1485:
1478:
1463:
1462:
1443:
1436:
1421:
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1413:
1406:
1390:Ezel Kural Shaw
1384:
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1353:Ezel Kural Shaw
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1339:
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1073:
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1057:
1042:
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1037:
1033:
1011:
976:Evrâk-ı Perîşan
960:
899:
859:
840:
835:
800:
728:
614:
561:
556:
536:Herald of Ideas
443:
388:
369:Ottoman Turkish
358:
270:Folk literature
222:
208:
204:
200:
184:
180:
97:
93:
92:2 December 1888
68:
62:
60:
59:
41:
32:
21:Ottoman Turkish
17:
12:
11:
5:
3132:
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3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
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3076:
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3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3033:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3009:Zülfü Livaneli
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
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2944:Turgut Özakman
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2774:N. Abbas Sayar
2771:
2766:
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2756:
2751:
2746:
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2739:Küçük İskender
2736:
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2724:Kemal Bilbaşar
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2529:Adalet Ağaoğlu
2526:
2520:
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2517:Republican era
2514:
2513:
2511:
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2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
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2473:Süleyman Nazif
2470:
2465:
2460:
2458:Şemsettin Sami
2455:
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2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:Ömer Seyfettin
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Mercimek Ahmed
2390:
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2375:
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2365:
2363:İbrahim Şinasi
2360:
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2353:Habib Esfahani
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2245:
2243:Kaygusuz Abdal
2240:
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2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2190:
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2175:
2167:
2149:
2148:External links
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768:Young Ottomans
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701:Turkish people
697:Ottoman Empire
643:Young Ottomans
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584:İbrahim Şinasi
577:Tasvîr-i Efkâr
565:Young Ottomans
560:
559:Young Ottomans
557:
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542:Tasvîr-i Efkâr
529:Tasvîr-i Efkâr
522:İbrahim Şinasi
483:Constantinople
479:Bursa Province
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431:natural rights
418:Ottoman Empire
414:Young Ottomans
400:writer, poet,
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2917:
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2914:Samim Kocagöz
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2797:
2795:
2794:Neyzen Tevfik
2792:
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2784:Necati Cumalı
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2657:
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2634:Edip Cansever
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1128:. Routledge.
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770:, as well as
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518:Young Ottoman
515:
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503:Tercüme Odası
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2679:Haldun Taner
2644:Emine Işınsu
2609:Cemal Süreya
2594:Buket Uzuner
2589:Bilge Karasu
2564:Attilâ İlhan
2559:Aslı Erdoğan
2463:Sultan Veled
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2373:Katib Çelebi
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58:Mehmet Kemal
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3084:1888 deaths
3079:1840 births
2999:Ziya Gökalp
2984:Yılmaz Onay
2974:Yaşar Kemal
2949:Turgut Uyar
2939:Tomris Uyar
2934:Tarık Buğra
2879:Rıfat Ilgaz
2864:Peyami Safa
2839:Orhan Pamuk
2829:Orhan Kemal
2804:Nihal Atsız
2799:Nezihe Araz
2729:Kemal Tahir
2674:Güven Turan
2639:Elif Shafak
2614:Cemil Meriç
2539:Ahmet Haşim
2534:Ahmet Altan
2503:Zafer Hanım
2413:Namık Kemal
2403:Mihri Hatun
2318:Aşık Çelebi
2303:Ahmet Rasim
2253:Neşet Ertaş
2238:Karacaoğlan
2213:Âşık Veysel
2153:Namık Kemal
1159:15 November
1049:Daily Sabah
929:(Follow-up)
693:Crimean War
691:during the
441:Early years
384:Nâmıḳ Kemâl
365:Namık Kemal
284:Ottoman era
249:Dede Korkut
230:By category
186:Romanticism
178:Nationalism
158:Nationality
40:Namık Kemal
29:Namık Kemal
3058:Categories
2954:Ülkü Tamer
2719:İsmet Özel
2709:İlhan Berk
2579:Aziz Nesin
2574:Ayşe Kulin
2569:Ayfer Tunç
2508:Ziya Pasha
2478:Şeyh Gâlib
2368:İsa Necati
2313:Ali Çelebi
2268:Yunus Emre
1080:8 November
1031:References
738:Like many
406:playwright
389:pronounced
223:literature
152:playwright
148:journalist
136:Occupation
63:1840-12-21
25:given name
2819:Oğuz Atay
2714:İnci Aral
2604:Can Yücel
2248:Nasreddin
2218:Dadaloğlu
2037:cite book
1922:cite book
1851:cite book
1785:cite book
1733:144548203
1688:cite book
1611:. p. 104.
1236:cite book
879:Kara Bela
748:Abdülaziz
717:Famagusta
687:from the
627:Abdülaziz
550:in 1867.
505:) of the
475:Yenişehir
378:romanized
373:نامق كمال
169:1871–1888
3042:Category
2453:Sehi Bey
2097:(1977).
2063:(1977).
1982:(1977).
1948:(1977).
1719:(1): 6.
1505:(1977).
1392:(1977).
1355:(1977).
1009:See also
874:Gülnihal
869:Akif Bey
808:Tekirdağ
689:Russians
685:Bulgaria
681:Silistra
669:Silistra
592:Hürriyet
459:Tekirdağ
422:Tanzimat
402:democrat
275:Folklore
210:Gülnihal
144:novelist
126:Gelibolu
109:(modern
80:(modern
70:Tekirdağ
19:In this
2428:Nergisî
2280:Ottoman
2263:Seyrani
2228:Gevheri
2155:at the
780:Murad V
757:Murad V
744:Murad V
673:Ottoman
655:Basiret
499:Turkish
471:Turkish
465:in the
455:Ottoman
398:Ottoman
380::
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221:Turkish
202:İntibah
161:Ottoman
122:Bolayır
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838:Novels
798:Legacy
709:Cyprus
677:Sultan
489:, and
467:Sultan
408:, and
321:Poetry
293:Poetry
166:Period
130:Turkey
111:Greece
82:Turkey
2423:Nef'i
2418:Nedîm
1729:S2CID
1585:6 May
1551:6 May
1074:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
927:Takip
857:Drama
850:Cezmi
792:Chios
753:Murad
705:İbret
650:İbret
639:Paris
588:Paris
548:Paris
491:Sofia
326:Prose
298:Prose
244:Orhon
206:Cezmi
99:Chios
2323:Bâkî
2201:Folk
2132:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2043:link
2023:ISBN
1990:ISBN
1956:ISBN
1928:link
1908:ISBN
1878:ISBN
1857:link
1837:ISBN
1791:link
1771:ISBN
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1674:ISBN
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1605:ISBN
1587:2017
1574:ISBN
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1400:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1290:ISBN
1263:ISBN
1242:link
1222:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1161:2023
1130:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1082:2017
633:and
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487:Kars
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140:Poet
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