Nam tiến - Knowledge (XXG)

690:, summarizes the way in which Vietnamese nationalism constructs an illusion of Vietnam's homogeneity as follows: "Official histories characterised Vietnam as a single, fixed bloc, with a common language, territory, economy and culture." Sutherland notes regarding Vietnamese museums, "Non-Kinh cultures, both ancient and modern, are given a peripheral role, but are not deemed to form a part of the core, nation-building narrative. Creating an impression of Vietnam as a monolithic bloc is thus preferred to charting its gradual territorial expansion, with all the different regional histories that this would entail." Modern Vietnamese nationalism insists on the maintenance of Vietnam's homogeneous notion by inventing and persisting the "core ethnic group" hegemony in the formation of the country, while other cultures like the Cham are marginalized or excluded. The "Vietnam" seen through mainstream representations is extremely generalized with broadly political buzzwords and rhetorical constructs, which lead to fallacies. It also ignores the fact that Vietnam as well as the whole of Southeast Asia are among the most ethnolinguistically diverse places on Earth. 627:, the Viet conquest of the South was misinterpreted into just simply groundless semi-pseudohistory 'migration of Viet people,' exclusively claimed that the migrants peacefully coexisted with the original inhabitants or settled on wildlands that had long been magically abandoned or uninhabited, without even an indistinct mention about the reality of wars and the resistance of the Cham and the indigenous peoples. Ethnic tensions between the Vietnamese with the Cham and the Khmer peoples and the suffering of conquered people become mere disputes between "feudal" rulers. For a while, it has been the mainstream thesis of Vietnam's "territorial evolution." After that 1971 publication, Champa and non-Kinh cultures were disenfranchised by being pulled out of the historiography and barely mentioned very briefly as merely insignificant outsiders. 615:(VCP) agenda. Since the 20th century, as Vietnam was put on the thermotic ideological frontline of the Cold War between the world superpowers, Vietnamese nationalists and Marxists usually bolstered the perception about the Vietnamese as the oppressed people under the tyranny of foreign powers, "China", French colonialism and American imperialism, not the antithetical position that the Vietnamese also have been spiteful colonizers and victimizers themselves. Consequently, the history version portrays the image of an oppressed but proudly, stubborn, determined Vietnamese nation who thrashed off the yokes of foreign imperialism, has been becoming the rallying point of Vietnamese nationalism, goes completely conflicted with the inconsistent reality of Vietnamese colonialism presented in the Nam Tiến. 471:

civilizations" and prevent their heritage from being completely "swallowed up" by the Vietnamese by colonization and assimilation. After 1954, scholars in North and South Vietnam held varying reactions to French Cham studies. One side from Hanoi promoted the "multi-ethnic history" and "solidarity between peoples against invaders and feudal rulers" to fit its Marxist historiography and so little attention was paid to Champa itself. The other side celebrated the ethnohistory, virtually at odds with the Hanoi historiography. Frankly, Vietnamese nationalist writers in post-colonial Vietnam who were mesmerized by the French hyped interpretation of the Vietnamese conquest of Champa, began using it as evidence for "ancient Vietnamese greatness."

309: 686:, are exhibited and occupy almost the entire disproportionate chronology. Overall, the Kinh are indisputable protagonists in the history of Vietnam, whereas the role of other ethnic groups is downplayed. Non-Kinh "ethnic minority" artifacts are displayed as aesthetic objects in separated rooms, not about history and heritage, with little care, likely tourism magnets. They are intentionally placed in peripheral, outsider roles, and are not included in Vietnamese mainstream historiography although they made enormous contributions or had a direct historical impact on Vietnam and Southeast Asia as a whole. Claire Sutherland, a lecturer at 333: 572:

opposed to the cultured, perfect, innovative Viet society. Thus, since non-Viet groups have been portrayed as stagnant backward and unable to resist, and the Viet were demonstrated as superior, the Nam Tiến is thought of as a steady and irreversible "marching" process. RVN intellectuals quite publicly acknowledged the unpleasant history of the nation's past and allowed reversals to be published freely and expressed. Overall, Vietnamese victories and the conquest of the South were proudly appreciated by the RVN intellectuals.

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them as ethnic minorities in the 20th century. They have their own history and stories, interactions with the Vietnamese, and perspectives, which should not be neglected. Both contributed to each other a lot in making up Vietnam as well as part of the global culture. Indeed, "until recently there was no single S-like Vietnam running from north to south." Goscha argues that balancing between Vietnamese centrality and non-Vietnamese centrality is important, and something-centrism should be avoided.

552:(1965), the first modern history of the Cham people. The brother-historians of Cham Sunni background constructed the Nam tiến as a "process of invasion and occupation on the part of the Vietnamese." They postulated that from the 11th century onward, "Cham history was henceforth merely the retreat of 'Indian' civilization in the face of 'Chinese' civilization." They consider the conflict between Champa and Dai Viet to be due to Champa's "need to expand to the North, which was much more fertile." 1536:(Extracted from Truong Van Mon, “The Raja Praong Ritual: a Memory of the sea in Cham- Malay Relations”, in Memory And Knowledge Of The Sea In South Asia, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Monograph Series 3, pp, 97-111. International Seminar on Maritime Culture and Geopolitics & Workshop on Bajau Laut Music and Dance”, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences and the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 23-24/2008) 5804: 486:‘Southward March’, by the historian Phan Khoang (1906–1971), synthesizing a 'very real' concept of Nam tiến at its title, also the most detailed book about the Nam Tiến. In the book, the author offers a quite strong Vietnamese-centric biased view and stereotyping negative sentiments toward the "conquered people." The book's main discourse is about the presumed "march" (piecing unrelated and distant events together) of the Vietnamese along the coast from the 7501: 6517: 3092: 279:, which eventually led to the defeat of Vijaya and to the demise of Champa in 1471. The citadel of Vijaya was besieged for one month in 1403 until the Vietnamese troops had to withdraw because of a shortage of food. The final attack came in early 1471, after almost 70 years without a major military confrontation between Champa and Vietnam. It is interpreted to have been a reaction to Champa asking Chinese 498:). Little attention was paid to the civilizational aspects of the Cham, Khmer, and indigenous groups. They were considered by earlier colonial-era works indiscriminately as the same "Indianized origins." Those colonial scholars had introduced blatant Eurocentric-framed concepts like 'Sinic or Indic civilization spheres,' denying and downplaying the achievements of indigenous non-nation peoples of 545:" ruled by Chinese dynasties before the 10th century, he attempted to justify Vietnamese invasions of Champa in that century as retribution. As 'Vietnam' "gained independence from China," it began to move southward constantly and unstoppable because the Cham, Khmer, and indigenous peoples, according to him, were "lacking capacity and advancement to develop, and remained primitive." 604:). The book condemns all Vietnamese rulers after 1471. The Nam Tiến is remembered as a colonization process involving "murderous warfare and land-grabbing by the Nguyễn feudalists targeting two weakened neighbors." It paradoxically admitted that the Cham people had eventually become a part of the "Great Vietnamese nation" and that "Cham history deserves to be taught." 360:. Minh Mang declared, "We must hope that their barbarian habits will be subconsciously dissipated, and that they will daily become more infected by Han customs." The policies were directed at the Khmer and the hill tribes. The Nguyen lord Nguyen Phuc Chu had referred to Vietnamese as "Han people" in 1712 to differentiate them from Chams. The Nguyễn lords established 7511: 2581: 835: 802:, restrictions on Khmer-language publications, banning and confiscation of Khmer Krom human rights advocacy materials, harassment or arrest of people disseminating such materials, as well as harassment, intimidation, and imposition of criminal penalties on individuals of Khmer Krom human rights advocacy groups in contact with international organizations. 1914:

may only be applied from the beginning of the fifteenth century. Indeed, a new generation of scholars of Vietnam rejects entirely the concept of Nam tiến as a linear process." – p. 407: "...Only from the beginning of the fifteenth century is the traditional conception of a continuous push southward (Nam tiến) by the Vietnamese at all accurate.

3103: 5273: 33: 588:(LSCĐPK, History of the Feudal System of Vietnam), published in 1959–1960, DRV historians likely employed Marxist and Confucian doctrines and Vietnamese subjectivism to judge past between Champa and Đại Việt. The wars of 980, the 1380s, the 1430s, and the 1440s were labeled as "self-defense" and "righteous" ( 434:

Scholarly consensus does agree that Vietnamese southward expansions that have been conceptualized into the modern-day Nam Tiến did not start until at least the early 15th century AD. Numerous wars were fought between Champa and Đại Việt before the 1400s, but they happened indecisively, and there were

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Cambodia was constantly invaded by the Nguyễn lords. Around a thousand Vietnamese settlers were slaughtered in 1667 in Cambodia by a combined Chinese-Cambodian force. Vietnamese settlers started to inhabit the Mekong Delta, which was previously inhabited by the Khmer. That caused the Vietnamese to be

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thinking has had a great impact on Vietnam. Although SRV scholars have done a great amount of research on non-Viet cultures, they are not willing to analogize those cultures with the formation of Vietnam or to recognize the multicultural origins of the country. National museums in Vietnam contain no

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and shows little pity for the fate of the Cham people in the aftermath. Nevertheless, in the end, Phan Khoang highlights "the fierce and vitality of the Vietnamese nation" that wiped out Champa and gave a grateful sense of nationalistic pride. However, he notes that those events should be left open,

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Thereafter the conflicts between the two parties were mostly between equals, and in the last quarter of the fourteenth century (1360–90) the Cham very nearly conquered all of Vietnam. Only after the failure of that adventure was Đại Việt clearly dominant; thus the term Nam tiến, if accurate at all,

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and its consequences as matters of national pride and explained a Vietnamese-dominated Vietnam with racial and cultural nationalistic viewpoints. After 1975, Hanoi scholars, on the other hand, emphasized the multiethnic solidarity and peaceful interrelating coexistence of Viet-Cham, Viet-Khmer, and

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Studying or remembering Viet colonialism and nationalism against marginalized and indigenous peoples eventually damaged the Vietnamese Revolution and the party's reputation with leftist thinkers outside Vietnam. Furthermore, it provoked indigenous nationalism against the party and Vietnam. Building

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swept across the globe. In Asia, nationalists and advocates of the nation-state must have been joyful in crafting homogenous nationalities like "Chinese," "Cambodian," "Vietnamese," etc., which in common assumptions are as almost synonymous with the predominant ethnic group. The Nam tiến emerged at

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is considered by some as the definitive event in which Vietnam became a firmly Southeast Asian nation upon annexing territories formerly belonging to the Champa and part of Cambodia. All Vietnamese carry Southeast Asian haplotypes. The dramatic population decrease experienced by the Cham 700 years

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narrative is very ethnocentric. It downplays the importance of non-Kinh peoples, who constituted the majority of Vietnam's population until the late 20th century. Indigenous peoples had inhabited large areas of Vietnam independently for thousands of years before the Vietnamese government described

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to depict Champa, such as "aggressiveness" and "Cham provocations" while tending to portray Vietnamese southern advance as progressive. The Nguyễn, the last Vietnamese dynasty, which had long been slammed by Marxist scholars, are seemingly rehabilitated in the Vietnamese historiography. The recent

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The Reinventions of China and Vietnam by 20th century nationalism traditionally assume the myth that there are unbreakable continuities of "nation-states" of China and Vietnam that have been lasting for "thousands of years" and they are "long-time enemies," "country version of David and Goliath."

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speaking peoples). In such a popular narrative, "the fertile productive fields and wealth of the South had been brought by the civilizing force of the Viet people upon the uncivilized" is comparable with the "Vietnamese man's burdens." Non-Vietnamese peoples are depicted as backward and alien, as

818:

consistently point to important historical gene flow within mainland Southeast Asia, and add support to a major admixture event occurring between "Chinese" and a southern Asian ancestral composite (mainly represented by the Malay). This admixture event occurred approximately eight centuries ago,

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Phan Khoang discusses in his essay wars between Champa and Đại Việt caused by assured "Cham aggression" by claiming that "the inferiority and aggressiveness of the Cham were the ultimate reasons leading to their fall." He convinces that the Cham were "a weaker nation" had to give ground for "the

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After 1975, some French academics sought to revive the importance of Champa itself as a historical independent polity and non-Vietnamese indigenous history that deserves to have its own rights and tractions in the history of Vietnam, rather than being scraped aside, becoming peripherical in the

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The Nam tiến theory and the former South Vietnamese intellectual works were targets of Vietnamese Marxist critique and suppression for the sake of peace and the protection of good reputations. Criticism against the predominant Kinh also mitigated. Unlike the 1959 LSCĐPK, the Vietnamese and the

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Early French scholarships in the late 19th century shaped Indianized kingdoms like Angkor and Champa, which had been declined mainly from Vietnamese expansionism, and mimicked them as the main villains who emerged at the end of the tale. Thereby, the French hypedly acted as "rescuers" of "lost

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enacted the final conquest of the Champa Kingdom by a series of Cham–Vietnamese Wars. In 1832, the Emperor annexed Champa while the Vietnamese coercively fed lizard and pig meat to Cham Muslims and cow meat to Cham Hindus, against their will, to punish them and to assimilate them to Vietnamese

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in Vietnamese academic works is considered highly significant. It suggests that state historians are no longer sensitively dictating RVN intellectual writings and those from international scholarship, or it may be from SRV historians' reaction to geopolitical change, particularly by growing

611:(SRV), communist authors produced a revised version of history according to their views that suppresses the discourse of Nam Tiến. Reasons behind the suppression of Nam Tiến after 1975 were not because its racist negativism and ethnonationalism, but its contradiction of the 4567: 6653: 1507: 6008: 410:

articulates that Nam tiến was not steady, and its stages show that there was no continuing policy of southward expansion. Each territorial push was a move or reaction against a particular historical event. A famous historian of pre-colonial Vietnam,

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Nowadays it is widely acknowledged that the Vietnamese were originally natives of north Vietnam and south China, who then expanded southwards, and that lands to the south are native lands of Chams and Khmers. Many Cambodians, including politician

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However, this concept is complicated by early 21st century economic history where China remains the biggest trader of Vietnam and the largest trading nation in 2013. Nevertheless, a David and Goliath perception between Vietnam and China remains.

4613: 4601: 719:. However, intergroup relations deteriorated even further, as the Cambodians viewed the Vietnamese as being a privileged group, who were allowed to migrate into Cambodia. All postcolonial Cambodian regimes, including the governments of 456:, Vietnamese (Kinh) intellectuals began the selective remembering of history to construct sources of national pride for the newly formed Vietnamese nation. They probably found or inherited the idea from Hung Giang's article 6159: 1889:

The myth of a thousand-year Vietnamese Nam Tiến (Southern Push) assumes a constant and continuous movement from the North into Nagara Champa. Instead, we need to see the outer zones of each mandala being contested by both

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assumed homogenous Vietnam were gradually recast and corrected as the ultimate victims, not the victimizers. Therefore, post-1960 Hanoi authors' writings saw significant shifts. Especially the 1971 DRV official history

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into southern territories, which were controlled by the Champa kingdoms. In a span of some 700 years, the Viet domain tripled the area of its territory and more or less acquired the elongated shape of modern-day

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Whilst relations between Chams, Khmers and Vietnamese are cordial and respectful, with a long and complicated history with each other, relations with the government centralised in Hanoi are still sensitive.

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subjected to Cambodian retaliation. The Cambodians told Catholic European envoys that the Vietnamese persecution of Catholics justified retaliatory attacks to be launched against the Vietnamese colonists.

374:" meaning "the Vietnamese and the barbarians must have clear borders." His successor, Minh Mang, implemented an acculturation integration policy directed at minority non-Vietnamese peoples. Phrases like 947:

constitutes a historical process. She describes the term as "an ideological creation of the end of the 20th century", which therefore makes no sense in the polyethnic spaces of ancient and modern times.

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Pischedda, S.; Barral-Arca, R.; Gómez-Carballa, A.; Pardo-Seco, J.; Catelli, M. L.; Álvarez-Iglesias, V.; Cárdenas, J. M.; Nguyen, N. D.; Ha, H. H.; Le, A. T.; Martinón-Torres, F. (October 3, 2017).

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non-Viet and so favored a reconstruction of a multi-ethnic history but tended to skip the discourse on Vietnamization of Champa and other indigenous peoples otherwise. They also limited the use of

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in 18th century. The essay concerning Champa begins by treating it as a single unified kingdom, like framework of early French scholars, and tracing the kingdom's genesis to the Indianized Linyi (

6849: 4354: 2757: 6118: 3028: 7077: 6844: 6262: 5375: 4900: 2790: 1547: 7059: 2923: 1206:. Philip E. Lilienthal book. Vol. 6 of From Indochina to Vietnam: Revolution and War in a Global Perspective (illustrated ed.). University of California Press. p. 123. 6854: 4818: 4801: 2467: 5003: 7351: 5285: 662:

as one of the dominant themes of the narrative that Vietnamese nationalists created in the 20th century, alongside an emphasis on non-Chinese origin and Vietnamese homogeneity.

3001: 1639: 6829: 6356: 5843: 5353: 7345: 5633: 3006: 7357: 6834: 6491: 2750: 537:, Phạm Văn Sơn pushed triumphalist Darwinist nuances for Nam Tiến. Arguing that the Cham had mounted numerous border incursions against the "homogeneousic Vietnamese 1883:

Whitmore, John K. (2011), "The Last Great King of Classical Southeast Asia: Che Bong Nga and Fourteenth Century Champa", in Lockhart, Bruce; Trần, Kỳ Phương (eds.),

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for what they believed to be a gradual, inevitable southern expansion of Vietnamese domains. According to the 20th-century Vietnamese scholars who constructed the

6884: 6468: 6380: 4688: 431:-centric historical view." Rather than an authentic continuous historical phenomenon, it is a colonial and postcolonial nationalist historiographic construction. 2681:

Nguyen, Dinh Dau (2009), "The Vietnamese Southward Expansion, as Viewed Through the Histories", in Hardy, Andrew David; Cucarzi, Mauro; Zolese, Patrizia (eds.),

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as a continuous historical phenomenon, the 11th to the 14th centuries saw battle gains and losses as frontier territory changed hands between the Viet and the

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The core idea of Nam tiến is the superiority of the Vietnamese (Kinh) people, culturally and racially, over the "conquered people" (Khmer, Cham, and other

6412: 7151: 6819: 6773: 4961: 4412: 3072: 2860: 5709: 1046: 1266:

A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East

6768: 6763: 6458: 7481: 6068: 5767: 4270: 3140: 2990: 2973: 7556: 6727: 6690: 6204: 848: 201: 161: 89: 6697: 6039: 5853: 5777: 5365: 4466: 2953: 1680: 513:, a word carrying extremely negative connotations, imposed it on the peoples, and embraced both European and Viet colonialism in the Highlands. 7121: 6665: 6298: 6280: 5885: 5173: 4476: 3459: 2995: 6231: 7536: 7317: 7156: 6567: 5626: 2958: 2727: 2708: 2690: 2633: 2614: 2139: 2114: 1932: 1866: 1775: 1748: 1721: 1664: 1615: 1588: 1555: 1491: 1464: 1437: 1410: 1383: 1356: 1184: 1146: 1029: 1004: 7566: 7302: 7146: 6914: 6453: 6422: 5892: 5539: 5475: 5453: 5134: 4377: 3657: 2850: 165: 6078: 3033: 2475: 5394: 6432: 6210: 6088: 5868: 5714: 5549: 4998: 4751: 4481: 4431: 3173: 2943: 2918: 5240: 2525:"Phylogeographic and genome-wide investigations of Vietnam ethnic groups reveal signatures of complex historical demographic movements" 112:

created in the 20th century, alongside an emphasis on non-Chinese origin and Vietnamese homogeneity. Within Vietnamese nationalism and

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stronger nation" of the Vietnamese. Furthermore, Phan explains the demise of the final Cham kingdom in 1832 had originated from the

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During early colonial Indochina, French ethnographers used the Vietnamese collective pejorative for indigenous peoples of the

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Lockhart, Bruce (2011), "Colonial and Post-Colonial Constructions of "Champa"", in Lockhart, Bruce; Trần, Kỳ Phương (eds.),

5268: 1654: 7180: 7103: 6909: 6722: 5936: 5702: 4823: 4746: 3395: 2963: 1113: 608: 4405: 4386: 877: 7403: 7265: 7217: 7082: 6712: 6680: 6592: 6169: 5321: 5081: 4991: 4381: 3212: 3133: 1877:'s steady and irreversible southward expansion (Nam tiến), this process was only realized after the fifteenth century... 576:

Nam Tiến in North Vietnam/Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and Post-1975 Vietnam/Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV)

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Vickery, Michael (2009), "A short history of Champa", in Hardy, Andrew David; Cucarzi, Mauro; Zolese, Patrizia (eds.),

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During the French colonial era, ethnic strife between Cambodia and Vietnam was somewhat pacified as both were parts of

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territorial exchanges on both sides. Some scholars put the starting date of Nam Tiến to 1471, precisely when the word

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ago fits well with the southwards expansion from the Vietnamese original heartland in the Red River Delta. Autosomal

272:-speaking peoples. The Vietnamese from the Dai Viet conquered and annexed the area during their southward expansion. 6317: 5370: 4562: 228: 7561: 7394: 7271: 7248: 7133: 6974: 6946: 6802: 6778: 6746: 6636: 6582: 6395: 6128: 5902: 5559: 5490: 5145: 4944: 4089: 3923: 3913: 3049: 1824: 612: 6790: 6685: 4280: 1578: 365: 7514: 7419: 7329: 6675: 5951: 5823: 5389: 5027: 4986: 4508: 3879: 3531: 542: 97: 1857:

Momorki, Shiro (2011), ""Mandala Campa" Seen from Chinese Sources", in Lockhart, Bruce; Trần, Kỳ Phương (eds.),

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Porcelain painting in Bến Dược Temple describing Vietnamese settlers fighting wild animals, especially tigers

7504: 6904: 6346: 6029: 5583: 5522: 5448: 5311: 5092: 5010: 4848: 4796: 4661: 4656: 4634: 4608: 4596: 4576: 4400: 4210: 4206: 4023: 3896: 3859: 3842: 3662: 3126: 1105: 659: 518: 5782: 4917: 7212: 7190: 7185: 6108: 5957: 5463: 5128: 4967: 4890: 4860: 4724: 4671: 4488: 4364: 4259: 4099: 4094: 3952: 3918: 3906: 3901: 3864: 3814: 3672: 3652: 3338: 3283: 2673: 2644:"Shifting the Nationalist Narrative? Representing Cham and Champa in Vietnam's Museums and Heritage Sites" 687: 560: 113: 109: 6073: 5972: 5922: 5917: 220: 7362: 7253: 7233: 7098: 7048: 6941: 6931: 6616: 6587: 6496: 6272: 5507: 5140: 5062: 4939: 4342: 4275: 4059: 4013: 4008: 3957: 3621: 3602: 3418: 3313: 787: 775: 7036: 5967: 5015: 4045: 1688: 734:

as an established factual history, obviously with approaches for nationalistic purposes. They saw the

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Vietnamese version of history, and therefore clashing with Viet-centric historiography. After the

526: 290:. Provinces and districts that had been originally controlled by Cambodia were taken by Vo Vuong. 116:

ideology, it served as a romanticized conceptualization of the Vietnamese identity, especially in

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Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian Jurisdictions, France and the USA

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Taylor, K. W. (1998). "Surface Orientations in Vietnam: Beyond Histories of Nation and Region".

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Southern Vietnam Under the Reign of Minh Mạng (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response

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Southern Vietnam Under the Reign of Minh Mạng (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response

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Southern Vietnam Under the Reign of Minh Mạng (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response

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Southern Vietnam Under the Reign of Minh Mạng (1820-1841): Central Policies and Local Response

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itself began to be used. Therefore, the starting date of the 11th century should be rejected.

357: 265: 141: 79: 5245: 5067: 1925:

New Perspectives on the History and Historiography of Southeast Asia: Continuing Explorations

1923:(2011), ""1620", A Cautionary Tale", in Hall, Kenneth R.; Aung-Thwin, Michael Arthur (eds.), 1711: 1481: 490:, traditionally said to be begun in the 11th century, until they reached the end tail of the 287: 181: 88:

has differing interpretations, with some equating it to Viet colonialism of the south and to

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in the timeline of the making of Vietnam. Kinh history is said to have begun with profound

7166: 6879: 6486: 6154: 6060: 5989: 5736: 5721: 5100: 4922: 4707: 4471: 4297: 3942: 3257: 2155: 1920: 1904: 1895: 1681:"Vietnam-Champa Relations and the Malay-Islam Regional Network in the 17th–19th Centuries" 888: 858: 799: 487: 460:, published in July 1928. In that first nationalist narrative praising the Nam tiến, Lord 407: 224: 216: 128: 4980: 1607:

Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History

136:. Beginning in the 20th century, modern Vietnamese historiography, under the auspices of 5430: 4038: 2540: 1325: 592:), and wars that brought territorial acquisitions to Đại Việt were called "aggression" ( 227:

was defeated and captured. He offered Champa's three northern provinces to Vietnam (now

61: 6951: 6758: 6370: 5998: 5994: 5645: 5263: 5220: 5202: 5042: 4883: 4513: 4347: 4135: 4123: 3809: 3694: 3370: 3355: 3345: 3247: 3149: 2565: 2524: 932:

Kingdom during the Le dynasty (1428–1788) and the succeeding Nguyen kingdom (1558–1945)

840: 499: 261: 121: 93: 71: 495: 337: 238:

In 1377, the Cham capital was unsuccessfully besieged by a Vietnamese army during the

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The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE

1820: 912: 908: 679: 556: 276: 117: 5458: 5105: 4927: 4626: 4075: 4033: 3962: 3699: 3584: 3538: 3526: 3469: 3435: 863: 795: 791: 619:

the impression of ethnic and religious harmony under socialism was also important.

491: 345: 280: 177: 7459: 7238: 5741: 5726: 5408: 5383: 5359: 4729: 4717: 4639: 4215: 4028: 3832: 3568: 3516: 3491: 3474: 3413: 883: 872: 771: 724: 675: 584:(DRV), perceptions of Nam Tiến were at first unsympathetic. In the three-volume 448: 353: 349: 344:

Minh Mang sinicized ethnic minorities such as Cambodians, claimed the legacy of

137: 2585: 2548: 1653:

Randall Peerenboom; Carole J. Petersen; Albert H.Y. Chen (September 27, 2006).

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After the fall of Saigon, most Nam Tiến writers went overseas. Within the new

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Nguyen The Anh, "Le Nam tien dans les textes Vietnamiens", in P. B. Lafont,

317: 74:

concept that describes the historic southward expansion of the territory of

2574: 325:, came back to Champa and led the dissatisfied Champa Muslims to declare a 275:

Major Champa–Vietnam Wars were fought again in the 15th century during the

176:. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Vietnamese settlers penetrated the 127:

The Viet domain was gradually expanded from its original heartland in the

6899: 6621: 5642: 3563: 3511: 2498:"On the Margins: Rights Abuses of Ethnic Khmer in Vietnam's Mekong Delta" 929: 774:

belief that the Cambodian lands currently belonging to Vietnam should be

419:, as he provides alternate explanations. Momorki Shirō, a historian from 322: 757:

has seen a renewal in Vietnam and has been popularised in recent years.

548:

Another popular book on Nam Tien in the RVN was Dohamide and Dorohime's

185: 17: 7260: 6741: 6631: 3350: 3328: 3278: 3182: 2580: 1812: 1234:

Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co., Ltd.,

907:

The concept was first formulated during the 20th century, then in both

720: 564: 538: 361: 133: 1907:(2011), "Champa Revised", in Lockhart, Bruce; Trần, Kỳ Phương (eds.), 1508:"The Raja Praong Ritual: A Memory of the Sea in Cham- Malay Relations" 798:

of Khmer Krom Buddhist monks peacefully expressing their religious or

3783: 3360: 3273: 1891: 868: 853: 212: 192:

by diplomacy and by force, which completed the "March to the South".

169: 1804: 480:

Việt sử: Xứ Đàng Trong 1558–1777: Cuộc Nam tiến của dân tộc Việt Nam

32: 1348:

The Making of South East Asia (RLE Modern East and South East Asia)

168:(1407–1427), the Vietnamese defeated the less centralized state of 4418: 4315: 3298: 1076:

Rahman, Smita A.; Gordy, Katherine A.; Deylami, Shirin S. (2022).

1022:

The unimagined community: Imperialism and culture in South Vietnam

331: 326: 307: 157: 101: 31: 3118: 464:

allegedly "urged his people to keep moving southward," coined as

3303: 428: 329:

revolt against Vietnamese rulers, but he was promptly defeated.

321:

culture. The Cham Muslim leader Katip Suma, who was educated in

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and Đại Việt, at least until the Vietnamese were able to crush

256:

The native inhabitants of the Central Highlands are the Degar (

2584:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

730:

In South Vietnam, intellectuals treated and consolidated the

727:, relied on anti-Vietnamese rhetoric to win popular support. 246:

15th to 19th centuries (Later Lê dynasty to the Nguyễn lords)

2321: 2319: 2317: 2191: 2189: 368:), in differentiating between Khmer and Vietnamese, said, " 364:, state-owned agribusiness, after 1790. Emperor Gia Long ( 336:

Vietnam at its greatest territorial extent in 1829 (under

2280: 2278: 2276: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2054: 2052: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1962: 1960: 1947: 1945: 1548:"The Uprisings of Katip Sumat and Ja Thak Wa (1833-1835)" 670:

mention of non-Kinh cultures such as the Cham, Khmer, or

223:) to punish Champa for armed raids in Vietnam. Cham King 70:; lit. "southward advance" or "march to the south") is a 2088: 2086: 2084: 1911:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 363–420, 1887:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 168–203, 1861:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 120–137, 1836: 1834: 1139:

Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past

978: 976: 974: 394:(漢人) in Vietnam in the 1800s, under the Nguyễn dynasty. 108:

became one of the dominant themes of the narrative that

7060:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

2701:

Soldered States: Nation-building in Germany and Vietnam

1324:

Elijah Coleman Bridgman; Samuel Wells Willaims (1847).

1295: 1293: 525:

One popular author of Nam Tiến exponent in the RVN was

502:. Ironically, they are still widely in practice today. 2722:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 45–61, 2586:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

658:

has been described by historians Nhung Tuyet Tran and

164:. In the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, following the 7352:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

2628:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, pp. 1–54, 1580:

The Emergence Of Modern Southeast Asia: A New History

6200:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

2443:"The Truth About Anti-Vietnam Sentiment in Cambodia" 1047:"The Chams in Vietnam: a great unknown civilization" 533:

section of the 1959 edition of his national history

82:

from the 11th to the 19th centuries. The concept of

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Nam Tiến in South Vietnam/Republic of Vietnam (RVN)

6160:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 2361: 2349: 2308: 2267: 2219: 1620:. Archived from the original on September 27, 2023 36:Map of Vietnam showing the conquest of the south ( 1378:. University of California Press. pp. 213–. 2412:"Cambodia Wants China as Its Neighborhood Bully" 1638:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 997:A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads 942: 646:irredentist sentiments in neighboring Cambodia. 369: 211:Records suggest that there was an attack on the 151: 145: 83: 45: 3627:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 1203:Vietnam: State, War, and Revolution (1945–1946) 2720:Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam) 2683:Champa and the Archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam) 207:11th to 14th centuries (Lý and Trần dynasties) 104:states as well as indigenous territories. The 7208:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 7078:Western European colonialism and colonization 5627: 3134: 2751: 2626:The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art 1909:The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art 1885:The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art 1859:The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art 1583:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 115–. 1432:. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. pp. 160–. 1405:. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. pp. 158–. 790:for its rights abuses of the ethnic Khmer in 286:Cham provinces were seized by the Vietnamese 8: 3024:Burgundian and Habsburg in the Low Countries 1179:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 7. 386:by the Vietnamese, who called themselves as 1099: 1097: 522:rather than defended, defamed, or covered. 340:), superimposed on the modern political map 219:, from Vietnam in 1069 (under the reign of 27:Vietnamese conquests of Southward territory 7435: 7380: 7088: 7012: 6815: 6550: 6539: 6134: 6015: 5763: 5634: 5620: 5612: 5601: 5535: 4784: 4360: 4255: 4244: 4173: 3998: 3987: 3797: 3751: 3403: 3390: 3237: 3224: 3141: 3127: 3119: 2758: 2744: 2736: 2642:Nakamura, Rie; Sutherland, Claire (2019). 2373: 2337: 2325: 2231: 2195: 2168: 1927:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 157–166, 941:Scholar Anne-Valérie Schweyer doubts that 415:, totally opposes and rejects the idea of 6263:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 2659: 2564: 1486:. Parkstone International. pp. 25–. 1429:Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 1402:Blood and Soil: Modern Genocide 1500-2000 1175:Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (2006). 711:French colonial rule to late 20th century 7482:Historical geographic information system 2428: 2296: 2284: 2255: 2243: 2207: 2180: 2075: 2058: 2043: 2031: 2019: 2007: 1990: 1978: 1966: 1951: 1051:French Academic Network of Asian Studies 982: 382:(唐人, Tang people) were used to refer to 188:wrested the southernmost territory from 92:between several Vietnamese kingdoms and 2134:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 1351:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 175–. 1263:Spencer C. Tucker (December 23, 2009). 970: 900: 96:, which resulted in the annexation and 7122:English historical school of economics 5174:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 3063:Association of Southeast Asian Nations 2685:, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 2609:. London, UK: Penguin Books, Limited. 2397: 2385: 2092: 1840: 1631: 1311: 1299: 1250: 1141:. Duke University Press. p. 241. 682:, which are often identified with the 283:for reinforcements to attack Vietnam. 7318:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 7157:Historical reliability of the Gospels 2607:The Penguin history of Modern Vietnam 911:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and 55: 7: 7510: 5135:More Irish than the Irish themselves 3029:German in Central and Eastern Europe 3017:By country, people, region or period 1770:. SEAP Publications. pp. 137–. 1743:. SEAP Publications. pp. 136–. 1480:Jean-François Hubert (May 8, 2012). 1459:. SEAP Publications. pp. 141–. 166:Fourth Chinese domination of Vietnam 6205:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 1716:. SEAP Publications. pp. 34–. 849:History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars 202:History of the Cham–Vietnamese wars 7218:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 5162:Fourth Italian War of Independence 2767:Territorial evolution of the world 630:In recent works in the context of 586:Lịch sử chế độ phong kiến Việt Nam 447:At the onset of the 20th century, 260:) people but otherwise are mostly 25: 2410:Greer, Tanner (January 5, 2017). 1610:. Berghahn Books. pp. 209–. 1604:A. Dirk Moses (January 1, 2008). 7509: 7500: 7499: 6516: 6515: 6357:Palestinian expulsion and flight 4869:5000-year civilization assertion 4445:Nadir of American race relations 3101: 3091: 3090: 2579: 1372:G. Coedes; George Cœdès (1966). 833: 7346:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 6220:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 6155:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 5962:Causes of the Armenian genocide 4271:Pyramid construction techniques 3838:Comparative historical research 3456:Library and information science 2703:. Manchester University Press. 2474:. June 18, 2014. Archived from 1685:kyotoreview.cseas.kyoto-u.ac.jp 1165:, Harmattan edition, Paris 1989 1024:. Manchester University Press. 474:The most famous apostle of the 452:that time. In the postcolonial 352:for Vietnam, and used the term 7358:Gunpowder and gun transmission 7308:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 7117:Historical school of economics 7054:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 6492:Gunpowder and gun transmission 6366:Zionism as settler colonialism 5371:Limpieza de sangre controversy 4338:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 2362:Nakamura & Sutherland 2019 2350:Nakamura & Sutherland 2019 2309:Nakamura & Sutherland 2019 2268:Nakamura & Sutherland 2019 2220:Nakamura & Sutherland 2019 1345:George Coedes (May 15, 2015). 1177:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories 1110:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories 1045:Anne-Valérie Schweyer (2019). 794:, such as the imprisonment or 582:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 356:漢人 (Hán nhân) to refer to the 172:and seized its capital in the 90:a series of wars and conflicts 66: 1: 7167:Opposition to Papal supremacy 4355:Indigenous population history 2130:Churchman, Catherine (2016). 1375:The Making of South East Asia 1114:University of Wisconsin Press 609:Socialist Republic of Vietnam 600:), otherwise "wrongful" one ( 298:19th century (Nguyễn dynasty) 7537:Vietnamese words and phrases 7083:Desacralization of knowledge 5354:Carlism in the Francoist era 5322:Holodomor in modern politics 1873:Despite the popular view of 1659:. Routledge. pp. 474–. 1137:Pelley, Patricia M. (2002). 1078:Globalizing Political Theory 697:argues that the north-south 458:La Formation du pays d’Annam 7567:Settler colonialism in Asia 7475:Historiographic metafiction 7385:Organizations, publications 7174:Proto-orthodox Christianity 6124:German resistance to Nazism 5980:Persian famine of 1917–1919 5390:Islamic revolution of Spain 5317:Holodomor genocide question 5193:Revisionism of Risorgimento 5187:Rerum italicarum scriptores 5168:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 4935:Self-Strengthening Movement 4085:decolonization of knowledge 3039:Vietnam (11th–19th century) 2699:Sutherland, Claire (2018). 7583: 7557:Cambodia–Vietnam relations 7272:Wissenschaft des Judentums 7249:Criticism of Protestantism 6129:Nazi foreign policy debate 5560:Second colonial occupation 5307:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 4945:Tibetan sovereignty debate 4489:Progressive-era historians 3924:Nationalization of history 3875:Historical-critical method 3050:international organisation 2549:10.1038/s41598-017-12813-6 1825:Cambridge University Press 819:again coinciding with the 613:Vietnamese Communist Party 403:Analysis and periodization 301: 252:Cham–Vietnamese War (1471) 249: 199: 7547:Historiography of Vietnam 7494: 7445: 7434: 7390: 7379: 7022: 7011: 6549: 6538: 6510: 6277:Second Sino-Japanese War 5652: 5611: 5600: 5082:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 4254: 4243: 3997: 3986: 3763: 3750: 3402: 3389: 3236: 3223: 3156: 3086: 2109:. Yale University Press. 1269:. ABC-CLIO. p. 308. 1163:Les frontieres du Vietnam 482:, an essay of Vietnamese 215:kingdom and its capital, 7032:Crisis of historiography 6195:Auschwitz bombing debate 5881:Indian Rebellion of 1857 5732:Late Bronze Age collapse 5666:List of military museums 5269:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 5241:Polish People's Republic 5076:Sybel-Ficker controversy 4440:African-American history 4413:Colonial Spanish America 4202:Second Thirty Years' War 1793:Journal of Asian Studies 1764:Choi Byung Wook (2004). 1737:Choi Byung Wook (2004). 1710:Choi Byung Wook (2004). 1453:Choi Byung Wook (2004). 1330:. proprietors. pp. 1020:Nguyen, Duy Lap (2019). 878:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 174:1471 Cham–Vietnamese War 6145:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 6004:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 5555:Porter–MacKenzie debate 5312:Causes of the Holodomor 4849:Problem of two emperors 4797:Catilinarian conspiracy 4024:Historical significance 3885:Indiscipline of history 3860:Historical anthropology 3073:Eurasian Economic Union 2661:10.29311/mas.v17i1.2819 1577:Norman G. Owen (2005). 1200:Marr, David G. (2013). 304:Siamese–Vietnamese wars 110:Vietnamese nationalists 7239:Protestant Reformation 7213:Second Vatican Council 7191:Succession to Muhammad 7186:Criticism of the Quran 6937:Religious perspectives 6671:Klemens von Metternich 6268:"Battle for Australia" 6150:Soviet offensive plans 6119:Broad vs. narrow front 5958:Late Ottoman genocides 4891:Century of humiliation 4672:Goguryeo controversies 4650:2,500-year celebration 4308:Double genocide theory 4095:Historical negationism 3919:Ancestral civilisation 3907:Historical materialism 3865:Historical determinism 3815:History of mentalities 2674:Northumbria University 2107:The Invention of China 1327:The Chinese Repository 1080:. Taylor and Francis. 995:Reid, Anthony (2015). 943: 880:of the 1970s and 1980s 688:Northumbria University 370: 341: 313: 152: 146: 84: 46: 41: 7552:Historical migrations 7542:Territorial evolution 7363:Torsion mangonel myth 7266:Modern Jewish history 7261:Jesuit historiography 7254:Protestant work ethic 7234:Hesychast controversy 7099:Industrial Revolution 7049:Library of Alexandria 6967:The Lord of the Rings 6617:Constantine the Great 6497:Torsion mangonel myth 6429:Sri Lankan Civil War 5508:Storm over the gentry 5409:Colonies or Provinces 4940:Sprouts of capitalism 4014:Historic preservation 4009:Change and continuity 2105:Hayton, Bill (2020). 788:government of Vietnam 423:, has criticized the 378:(清人, Qing people) or 335: 311: 302:Further information: 250:Further information: 200:Further information: 35: 7450:Commemorative plaque 6666:Juan Manuel de Rosas 6114:"Blitzkrieg" concept 5985:Powder keg of Europe 5860:Franco-Prussian War 5530:Winter of Discontent 5513:Suffragette Campaign 5180:Italiani brava gente 5146:Revolutionary period 4968:Frankish Interregnum 4901:"Chineseness" debate 4834:Byzantine succession 4819:Fall of Western Rome 4760:Executed Renaissance 4249:By country or region 4193:Age of Enlightenment 4167:Vaticinium ex eventu 4114:Modernisation theory 3948:Quantitative history 3324:Historical documents 3108:Geography portal 2648:Museum & Society 2478:on February 25, 2021 1426:Ben Kiernan (2008). 1399:Ben Kiernan (2008). 776:returned to Cambodia 641:reappearance of the 550:Dân tộc Chàm lược sử 529:(1915–1978). In the 76:Vietnamese dynasties 7279:Schools of thought 7244:Proto-Protestantism 7113:School of Thoughts 6995:William Shakespeare 6980:Robert Falcon Scott 6885:Friedrich Nietzsche 6723:Cult of personality 6708:Neville Chamberlain 6568:Alexander the Great 6450:Russo-Georgian War 6423:Sovereignty dispute 6402:Iranian Revolution 6232:"Polish death camp" 6209:In relation to the 5918:Myth of English aid 5909:War of the Pacific 5686:Albigensian Crusade 5111:Indigenous Aryanism 4807:Constantinian shift 4343:Residential schools 4100:Historian's fallacy 4019:Historic recurrence 3517:Numismatics (Money) 3289:Archaeological site 3213:theories of history 2603:Goscha, Christopher 2541:2017NatSR...712630P 1518:on February 6, 2015 1104:Tran, Nhung Tuyet; 917:Republic of Vietnam 786:has criticised the 753:, the narrative of 678:kingdoms under the 454:Republic of Vietnam 316:Vietnamese Emperor 7470:Historical realism 7465:Historical fiction 7410:History institutes 7400:Historical society 7395:Heritage registers 7283:Biblical criticism 7196:Islamic golden age 7147:Early Christianity 7027:Bears in antiquity 6915:Medieval Christian 6713:Pedro II of Brazil 6661:José de San Martín 6465:Syrian revolution 6377:Malayan Emergency 6352:1948 Palestine war 6085:Spanish Civil War 6035:War guilt question 5844:American Civil War 5824:Invasion of Russia 5800:New Russian School 5584:Colonial Australia 5300:October Revolution 5063:Strukturgeschichte 4999:Location of Alésia 4918:Hua–Yi distinction 4839:Moscow, third Rome 4455:Reconstruction era 4276:Black Egypt Thesis 4198:European Civil War 4154:Translatio imperii 4109:Invented tradition 3230:Historical sources 3034:Russia (1500–1800) 2887:Confederate States 2529:Scientific Reports 2504:. January 21, 2009 2502:Human Rights Watch 784:Human Rights Watch 596:) or "invasions" ( 478:in RVN in Saigon, 342: 314: 144:, coined the term 80:ethnic Kinh people 42: 7562:History of Champa 7524: 7523: 7490: 7489: 7430: 7429: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7370: 7288:Catholic theology 7142:Avestan geography 7007: 7006: 7003: 7002: 6990:Søren Kierkegaard 6863: 6862: 6774:Warren G. Harding 6534: 6533: 6530: 6529: 6333: 6332: 6211:Armenian genocide 6074:Polish–Soviet War 6069:Burning of Smyrna 6055: 6054: 6045:Reichstag inquiry 5968:Patriotic consent 5839: 5838: 5814:War in the Vendée 5778:French Revolution 5760:century conflicts 5749:Peloponnesian War 5710:Eighty Years' War 5596: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5501:Westminster Stone 5198:Southern question 5037:Alltagsgeschichte 4987:Legendary Saracen 4689:Early settlements 4497: 4496: 4477:Political history 4462:Consensus history 4239: 4238: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4221:Continuity thesis 4160:Translatio studii 4046:Theory of history 3982: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3936:Subaltern Studies 3821:Nouvelle histoire 3746: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3658:Medieval churches 3645:Geistesgeschichte 3589:Paleoanthropology 3497:Encyclopaedistics 3385: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3253:Secondary sources 3116: 3115: 2875:By former country 2729:978-9-9716-9451-7 2710:978-1-52613-527-8 2692:978-9-9716-9451-7 2635:978-9-971-69459-3 2616:978-0-14194-665-8 2246:, pp. 37–38. 2210:, pp. 20–21. 2141:978-1-442-25861-7 2116:978-0-30023-482-4 2046:, pp. 36–37. 1934:978-1-13681-964-3 1868:978-9-971-69459-3 1777:978-0-87727-138-3 1750:978-0-87727-138-3 1723:978-0-87727-138-3 1666:978-1-134-23881-1 1617:978-1-84545-452-4 1590:978-0-8248-2890-5 1493:978-1-78042-964-9 1483:The Art of Champa 1466:978-0-87727-138-3 1439:978-0-522-85477-0 1412:978-0-522-85477-0 1385:978-0-520-05061-7 1358:978-1-317-45094-8 1186:978-1-316-44504-4 1148:978-0-822-32966-4 1031:978-1-52614-398-3 1006:978-1-11851-300-2 928:Particularly the 519:Tây Sơn rebellion 507:Central Highlands 338:Emperor Minh Mạng 231:and northern part 160:during the early 72:historiographical 57:[namtǐən] 16:(Redirected from 7574: 7513: 7512: 7503: 7502: 7455:Documentary film 7436: 7415:History journals 7381: 7354: 7226: 7162:Primacy of Peter 7109:Great Depression 7089: 7062: 7040: 7013: 6961:J. R. R. Tolkien 6816: 6811: 6799: 6787: 6769:Ulysses S. Grant 6764:Thomas Jefferson 6755: 6731: 6694: 6657: 6645: 6613: 6601: 6593:Chiang Ching-kuo 6583:Cato the Younger 6573:Amin al-Husseini 6551: 6540: 6519: 6518: 6502:War and genocide 6326: 6312:Résistancialisme 6299:Battle of France 6281:Nanjing Massacre 6135: 6016: 6012: 5976: 5926: 5808: 5791: 5764: 5691:Catharism debate 5677:pre-18th century 5659:Military history 5636: 5629: 5622: 5613: 5606:By war, conflict 5602: 5550:Cambridge School 5536: 5434: 5422: 5398: 5379: 5289: 5277: 5249: 5071: 5049:Historikerstreit 5019: 5007: 4995: 4976: 4962:Cordon sanitaire 4908:New Qing History 4896:Conquest dynasty 4887: 4802:Christianization 4785: 4704: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4571: 4559: 4551:Byzantine Empire 4406:Iquicha Royalism 4395: 4361: 4284: 4256: 4245: 4188:Age of Discovery 4177:Periodization of 4174: 4148:Transhistoricity 4143:Thirty-year rule 4054: 4042: 3999: 3988: 3968:Great Man theory 3931:People's history 3893: 3798: 3790:Three-age system 3752: 3452:Archival science 3404: 3391: 3258:Tertiary sources 3238: 3225: 3174:by area of study 3143: 3136: 3129: 3120: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3094: 3093: 2760: 2753: 2746: 2737: 2732: 2714: 2695: 2677: 2663: 2638: 2620: 2589: 2583: 2578: 2568: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2419: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2127: 2121: 2120: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2079: 2073: 2062: 2056: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1955: 1949: 1940: 1937: 1921:Vickery, Michael 1916: 1905:Vickery, Michael 1900: 1879: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1829: 1828: 1788: 1782: 1781: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1707: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1696: 1691:on June 17, 2004 1687:. Archived from 1677: 1671: 1670: 1650: 1644: 1643: 1637: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1558:on June 26, 2015 1554:. Archived from 1543: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1523: 1514:. Archived from 1504: 1498: 1497: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1450: 1444: 1443: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1321: 1315: 1309: 1303: 1297: 1288: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1260: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1197: 1191: 1190: 1172: 1166: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1134: 1128: 1127: 1101: 1092: 1091: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1053:. Archived from 1042: 1036: 1035: 1017: 1011: 1010: 992: 986: 980: 958: 954: 948: 946: 939: 933: 926: 920: 905: 843: 838: 837: 836: 806:Genetic analysis 717:French Indochina 684:Dong Son culture 625:Lịch Sử Việt Nam 535:Việt sử tân biên 421:Osaka University 373: 240:Battle of Vijaya 155: 149: 87: 78:' dominions and 69: 68: 59: 54: 49: 21: 7582: 7581: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7527: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7519: 7486: 7441: 7426: 7386: 7367: 7350: 7333: 7324: 7220: 7128: 7104:Great Recession 7087: 7058: 7034: 7018: 6999: 6890:H. P. Lovecraft 6859: 6821: 6814: 6805: 6793: 6781: 6749: 6725: 6698:Muammar Gaddafi 6688: 6676:Leonid Brezhnev 6651: 6639: 6622:Gregory Palamas 6607: 6605:Chiang Kai Shek 6595: 6555: 6545: 6526: 6525: 6506: 6487:Conflict thesis 6475: 6439: 6329: 6320: 6287: 6251: 6181: 6133: 6095: 6061:Interwar period 6051: 6021: 6014: 6006: 5990:Schlieffen Plan 5970: 5931: 5920: 5835: 5802: 5785: 5770: 5759: 5753: 5737:Dorian invasion 5722:Fall of Babylon 5678: 5672: 5671: 5648: 5640: 5607: 5588: 5564: 5541: 5534: 5496:Kingdom of Alba 5477: 5470: 5437: 5428: 5416: 5414:Spanish decline 5392: 5373: 5328: 5283: 5271: 5252: 5243: 5209: 5150: 5115: 5101:Greater Magadha 5087: 5065: 5022: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4970: 4949: 4923:Four Barbarians 4881: 4855: 4783: 4740:Götaland theory 4708:Lusotropicalism 4698: 4679:North Macedonia 4611: 4599: 4587: 4565: 4553: 4493: 4472:Frontier thesis 4467:Cyclical theory 4450:Neoabolitionism 4426: 4389: 4359: 4321: 4298:Greater Morocco 4278: 4250: 4227: 4178: 4172: 4064: 4048: 4036: 3993: 3974: 3887: 3802: 3796: 3778:Historical eras 3759: 3738: 3573: 3470:Writing systems 3440: 3398: 3396:Fields of study 3377: 3371:Service records 3356:Religious texts 3262: 3248:Primary sources 3232: 3219: 3218: 3152: 3147: 3117: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3082: 3043: 3012: 3000:North America ( 2979: 2912:United States ( 2901: 2870: 2769: 2764: 2730: 2717: 2711: 2698: 2693: 2680: 2641: 2636: 2623: 2617: 2601: 2598: 2593: 2592: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2507: 2505: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2447:thediplomat.com 2440: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2423: 2409: 2408: 2404: 2396: 2392: 2388:, p. xxiv. 2384: 2380: 2374:Sutherland 2018 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2338:Sutherland 2018 2336: 2332: 2326:Sutherland 2018 2324: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2274: 2266: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2232:Sutherland 2018 2230: 2226: 2218: 2214: 2206: 2202: 2196:Sutherland 2018 2194: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2169:Sutherland 2018 2167: 2163: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2117: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2082: 2074: 2065: 2057: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2014: 2006: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1965: 1958: 1950: 1943: 1935: 1919: 1903: 1882: 1869: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1839: 1832: 1805:10.2307/2659300 1790: 1789: 1785: 1778: 1763: 1762: 1758: 1751: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1724: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1694: 1692: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1667: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1630: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1591: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1559: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1494: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1467: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1440: 1425: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1386: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1359: 1344: 1343: 1339: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1310: 1306: 1298: 1291: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1233: 1229: 1214: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1124: 1108:, eds. (2006). 1103: 1102: 1095: 1088: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1057:on July 2, 2022 1044: 1043: 1039: 1032: 1019: 1018: 1014: 1007: 994: 993: 989: 981: 972: 967: 962: 961: 955: 951: 940: 936: 927: 923: 906: 902: 897: 889:Chuang Guandong 859:Chey Chettha II 839: 834: 832: 829: 808: 800:political views 763: 713: 708: 652: 578: 488:Red River Delta 445: 413:Keith W. Taylor 408:Michael Vickery 405: 400: 366:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh 306: 300: 254: 248: 225:Rudravarman III 209: 204: 198: 129:Red River Delta 114:Greater Vietnam 94:Champa Kingdoms 65: 52: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7580: 7578: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7529: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7518: 7517: 7507: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7472: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7432: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7423: 7422: 7412: 7407: 7397: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7377: 7376: 7373: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7348: 7343: 7337: 7335: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7277: 7276: 7275: 7263: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7178: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7170: 7169: 7159: 7154: 7144: 7138: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7119: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7068: 7063: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7029: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7016: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6934: 6929: 6919: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6880:Charles Darwin 6877: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6857: 6852: 6850:United Kingdom 6847: 6842: 6840:Modern Germany 6837: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6813: 6812: 6800: 6788: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6759:Thomas Aquinas 6756: 6744: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6732: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6646: 6634: 6629: 6627:Horatio Nelson 6624: 6619: 6614: 6602: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6559: 6557: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6536: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6512: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6483: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6459:Responsibility 6456: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6427: 6426: 6425: 6415: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6400: 6399: 6398: 6390: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6371:New Historians 6368: 6363: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6237:Responsibility 6234: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6217: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6172: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6141: 6139: 6132: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6105: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6071: 6065: 6063: 6057: 6056: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6032: 6026: 6024: 6013: 6001: 5995:Spirit of 1914 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5965: 5955: 5952:Fischer thesis 5941: 5939: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5915: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5895: 5893:Paraguayan War 5890: 5889: 5888: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5866: 5858: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5819:Napoleonic era 5816: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5797: 5792: 5783:Pre-revolution 5774: 5772: 5768:Coalition Wars 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5751: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5739: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5682: 5680: 5674: 5673: 5670: 5669: 5662: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5646:historiography 5641: 5639: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5616: 5609: 5608: 5605: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5586: 5580: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5546: 5544: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5488: 5482: 5480: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5466: 5464:Decline thesis 5461: 5454:Ottoman Empire 5451: 5445: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5435: 5423: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5380: 5368: 5363: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5304: 5303: 5302: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5281:Skeptic School 5266: 5264:Anti-Normanism 5260: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5250: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5221:Golden Liberty 5217: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5205: 5203:Neo-Bourbonism 5195: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5171: 5164: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5131: 5125: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5097: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5085: 5078: 5073: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5043:Borussian myth 5040: 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5008: 4996: 4984: 4977: 4965: 4957: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4893: 4888: 4876: 4871: 4865: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4779: 4774: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4681: 4676: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4659: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4548: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4514:Dealbanisation 4505: 4503: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4436: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4422: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4398: 4397: 4396: 4384: 4378:May Revolution 4369: 4367: 4358: 4357: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4348:Staples thesis 4345: 4340: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4319: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4292: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4273: 4264: 4262: 4252: 4251: 4248: 4241: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4204: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4182: 4180:modern history 4171: 4170: 4163: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4139: 4138: 4126: 4124:Paradigm shift 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4056: 4055: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4005: 4003: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3911: 3910: 3909: 3899: 3894: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3840: 3835: 3826: 3825: 3824: 3817: 3810:Annales school 3806: 3804: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3747: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3682: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3673:Constitutional 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3609: 3596: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3549:Postage stamps 3546: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3477: 3472: 3463: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3416: 3410: 3408: 3400: 3399: 3394: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3346:Oral tradition 3343: 3342: 3341: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3244: 3242: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3186: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3158: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3150:Historiography 3148: 3146: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3123: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3098: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3078:United Nations 3075: 3070: 3068:European Union 3065: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3045: 3044: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2993: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2909: 2907: 2906:By subdivision 2903: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2897:Ottoman Empire 2894: 2889: 2884: 2882:British Empire 2878: 2876: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2858: 2856:United Kingdom 2853: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2762: 2755: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2715: 2709: 2696: 2691: 2678: 2639: 2634: 2621: 2615: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2515: 2489: 2459: 2433: 2421: 2416:Foreign Policy 2402: 2400:, p. 406. 2390: 2378: 2366: 2354: 2342: 2340:, p. 125. 2330: 2328:, p. 126. 2313: 2301: 2289: 2272: 2260: 2248: 2236: 2234:, p. 167. 2224: 2212: 2200: 2198:, p. 149. 2185: 2173: 2161: 2147: 2140: 2122: 2115: 2097: 2095:, p. 405. 2080: 2063: 2048: 2036: 2024: 2012: 1995: 1983: 1971: 1956: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1917: 1901: 1880: 1867: 1845: 1843:, p. 512. 1830: 1799:(4): 949–978. 1783: 1776: 1756: 1749: 1729: 1722: 1702: 1672: 1665: 1645: 1616: 1596: 1589: 1569: 1538: 1529: 1499: 1492: 1472: 1465: 1445: 1438: 1418: 1411: 1391: 1384: 1364: 1357: 1337: 1316: 1304: 1289: 1275: 1255: 1243: 1227: 1213:978-0520274150 1212: 1192: 1185: 1167: 1154: 1147: 1129: 1122: 1093: 1086: 1068: 1037: 1030: 1012: 1005: 987: 969: 968: 966: 963: 960: 959: 949: 934: 921: 899: 898: 896: 893: 892: 891: 886: 881: 875: 866: 861: 856: 851: 845: 844: 841:History portal 828: 825: 807: 804: 762: 759: 712: 709: 707: 704: 651: 648: 577: 574: 500:Southeast Asia 444: 441: 404: 401: 399: 396: 384:ethnic Chinese 371:Hán di hữu hạn 299: 296: 247: 244: 208: 205: 197: 194: 162:Cham–Viet wars 122:modern Vietnam 100:of the former 98:Vietnamization 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7579: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7516: 7508: 7506: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7483: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7444: 7437: 7433: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7405: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7382: 7378: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7341:Merton thesis 7339: 7338: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7293:Panbabylonism 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7268: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7224: 7219: 7216: 7215: 7214: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7175: 7172: 7168: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7021: 7014: 7010: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6959: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6855:United States 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6817: 6809: 6804: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6735:Bolivarianism 6733: 6729: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6719: 6718:Simon Bolivar 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6692: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6655: 6650: 6649:Joseph Stalin 6647: 6643: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6552: 6548: 6541: 6537: 6522: 6514: 6513: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444:Post-Cold War 6442: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6418:Falklands War 6416: 6414: 6413:Iran–Iraq War 6411: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6361:Ongoing Nakba 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6324: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6292:Western Front 6290: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6273:Bengal famine 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6187:The Holocaust 6184: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138:Eastern Front 6136: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6058: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6017: 6010: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5924: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5869:Paris Commune 5867: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5854:Turning point 5852: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5762: 5758:18th and 19th 5756: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5703:Islamic views 5701: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5681: 5675: 5668: 5667: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5637: 5632: 5630: 5625: 5623: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5599: 5585: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5473: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5432: 5427: 5426:Ser de España 5424: 5420: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5287: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5247: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5136: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5017: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4844:Ottoman claim 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4824:Prosopography 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4778: 4777:Trưng sisters 4775: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4615: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4569: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4524:Habsburg myth 4522: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4432:United States 4429: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4365:Latin America 4362: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4282: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4242: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4061: 4058: 4052: 4047: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3989: 3985: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3958:Transnational 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3848:Decoloniality 3846: 3845: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3830: 3829:Historiometry 3827: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3799: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3785: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3774: 3773:Periodization 3771: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:Sigillography 3557: 3555: 3554:Prosopography 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3431:Local history 3429: 3425: 3424:Human history 3422: 3421: 3420: 3419:World history 3417: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3139: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3058:African Union 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3002:Prior to 1763 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2991:Baltic states 2989: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2892:Mongol Empire 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2862: 2861:United States 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2741: 2738: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2519: 2516: 2508:September 21, 2503: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2448: 2444: 2441:Hutt, David. 2437: 2434: 2431:, p. 37. 2430: 2429:Lockhart 2011 2425: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2376:, p. 47. 2375: 2370: 2367: 2364:, p. 54. 2363: 2358: 2355: 2352:, p. 53. 2351: 2346: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2311:, p. 55. 2310: 2305: 2302: 2299:, p. 40. 2298: 2297:Lockhart 2011 2293: 2290: 2287:, p. 39. 2286: 2285:Lockhart 2011 2281: 2279: 2277: 2273: 2270:, p. 52. 2269: 2264: 2261: 2258:, p. 18. 2257: 2256:Lockhart 2011 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244:Lockhart 2011 2240: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2222:, p. 57. 2221: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2208:Lockhart 2011 2204: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2183:, p. 21. 2182: 2181:Lockhart 2011 2177: 2174: 2171:, p. 11. 2170: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2143: 2137: 2133: 2126: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2108: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2078:, p. 17. 2077: 2076:Lockhart 2011 2072: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2061:, p. 16. 2060: 2059:Lockhart 2011 2055: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044:Lockhart 2011 2040: 2037: 2034:, p. 15. 2033: 2032:Lockhart 2011 2028: 2025: 2022:, p. 14. 2021: 2020:Lockhart 2011 2016: 2013: 2010:, p. 13. 2009: 2008:Lockhart 2011 2004: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1993:, p. 12. 1992: 1991:Lockhart 2011 1987: 1984: 1981:, p. 32. 1980: 1979:Lockhart 2011 1975: 1972: 1969:, p. 36. 1968: 1967:Lockhart 2011 1963: 1961: 1957: 1954:, p. 33. 1953: 1952:Lockhart 2011 1948: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1787: 1784: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1760: 1757: 1752: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1733: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1706: 1703: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1673: 1668: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1649: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1619: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1600: 1597: 1592: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1573: 1570: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1542: 1539: 1533: 1530: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1495: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1476: 1473: 1468: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1449: 1446: 1441: 1435: 1431: 1430: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1404: 1403: 1395: 1392: 1387: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1368: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1341: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1320: 1317: 1314:, p. 69. 1313: 1308: 1305: 1302:, p. 68. 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1278: 1276:9781851096725 1272: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1256: 1253:, p. 65. 1252: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1205: 1204: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1178: 1171: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1155: 1150: 1144: 1140: 1133: 1130: 1125: 1123:9780299217730 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106:Reid, Anthony 1100: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087:9781000788884 1083: 1079: 1072: 1069: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1038: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1016: 1013: 1008: 1002: 998: 991: 988: 985:, p. 11. 984: 983:Lockhart 2011 979: 977: 975: 971: 964: 953: 950: 945: 938: 935: 931: 925: 922: 918: 914: 913:South Vietnam 910: 904: 901: 894: 890: 887: 885: 882: 879: 876: 874: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 842: 831: 826: 824: 822: 817: 812: 805: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 779: 777: 773: 769: 760: 758: 756: 752: 751: 744: 742: 737: 733: 728: 726: 722: 718: 710: 705: 703: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672:Austronesians 668: 663: 661: 657: 649: 647: 644: 639: 635: 634: 628: 626: 620: 616: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 575: 573: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:Austroasiatic 553: 551: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 520: 514: 512: 508: 503: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 468: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 442: 440: 438: 432: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 402: 397: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 372: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 339: 334: 330: 328: 324: 319: 310: 305: 297: 295: 291: 289: 284: 282: 278: 273: 271: 267: 263: 259: 253: 245: 243: 241: 236: 234: 230: 226: 222: 221:Lý Thánh Tông 218: 214: 206: 203: 195: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 154: 148: 143: 139: 135: 130: 125: 123: 119: 118:South Vietnam 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 81: 77: 73: 63: 58: 50: 48: 39: 34: 30: 19: 7270: 7072:The Simpsons 7070: 7017:Other topics 6965: 6942:Christianity 6932:Resurrection 6563:Adolf Hitler 6392:Six-Day War 6388:Algerian War 6359: / 6318:Vichy France 6310: 6303: 6213: / 6101:World War II 5997: / 5664: 5657: 5459:Ghaza thesis 5382: 5358: 5344:White legend 5342: / 5340:Black legend 5295:Soviet Union 5185: 5178: 5166: 5129:Great Famine 5106:Indocentrism 5080: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5035: 4981:Grand Siècle 4979: 4960: 4928:Sinocentrism 4789:Ancient Rome 4770: 4769: 4627:Aryan Kartli 4625: 4417: 4380: / 4314: 4211:19th century 4209: / 4200: / 4165: 4158: 4157: / 4152: 4128: 4102: / 4076:Black legend 4034:Historiology 3831: / 3819: 3782: 3720:Quantitative 3643: 3639:Intellectual 3605: / 3601: / 3587: / 3585:Anthropology 3539:Phaleristics 3532:preservation 3527:Oral history 3468: / 3454: / 3436:Microhistory 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3181: 3172: / 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