446:, with two well-marked crests, which are located posterior and lingual, respectively. The poorly preserved lower premolars are separated from each other by diastema, among which the anterior ones are more developed than the posterior ones. The p4 possesses a low anterior accessory cusplet and a slightly higher posterior accessory cusplet, as well as a strong internal cingulum. The relatively short m1 has a high trigonid and talonid. The tall and narrow hypoconid dominates the former and occupies most of the latter. Both the almost vertical paraconid and the very high protoconid are narrow. The rather small metaconid is located close to the protoconid. The m2 is much smaller than m1, with a high and vertical external wall and a low lingual one. The trigonid lacks a paraconid, and is dominated by the large, high protoconid, which is located in front of the metaconid. A low antero-internal valley is located in the anterior part of the trigonid. The talonid possesses a narrow posterior margin, and consists predominantly of an enormous hypoconid.
467:, and its posterior groove has more marked borders. The proximal half of its anterior border is also thinner than in that species. Its coracoid process also possesses a long, narrow and convex facet, below which a rugose surface is developed in the distal half of its anterior surface. The more or less circular tuber calcis has a slightly rugose surface, with a smooth circular area on its anterior margin, which is surrounded by the medial, lateral and posterior borders, where the calcaneal tendon inserts. Whereas the articular facet for the cuboid of A. major is elliptical and slightly concave in distal view, that of
2110:
44:
416:
incision at mid-height. M1's metacone possesses a strong external cingulum at its base, which weakens at the base of the larger paracone. This cingulum is separated from the protocone by a deep slit. In comparison to the weaker parastyle, the metastyle is high and well-marked. The similar sized paraconule and metaconule both back onto a dune-shaped protocone. Its trigon possesses a deep central valley. The size of its
463:, reaching almost to the tuber calcis, in its central zone. There is a slight fossa for ligamentary attachment near the anterior margin in front of the insertion of the muscle. As in other amphicyonids, the talar facet of the coracoid process, whereas the medio-laterally elongated sustentaculum tali is less distally displaced than in
415:
is located above it. The strongly reduced P3 is formed of a single, rather low cusp. The P4 possesses a greatly reduced protocone, a short metastyle and completely lacks a parastyle. However, it has a very voluminous paracone, which has a clearly defined anterior crest, that is interrupted by an
263:
in
Namibia, which has variously been dated to 17.5 Ma or 16 Ma, while similar remains are known from Grillental, Fiskus, Langental and Elisabethfeld, which are slightly older localities from the Northern
1404:
508:, which was widespread throughout Africa in the middle to late Miocene. Opposed to the trend seen in several of its African members, Eurasian species of this tribe showcase adaptions towards
524:, which was only occasionally filled with flowing water, perhaps when the river overflowed during the rainy season. The rest of the time it was a shallow pool. The presence of
1340:
1142:"Ammitocyon kainosgen. Et sp. Nov., a chimerical amphicyonid (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Miocene carnivore traps of Cerro de los Batallones (Madrid, Spain)"
1072:
883:
Morales, J.; Pickford, M.; Fraile, S.; Salesa, M. J.; Soria, D. (2003). "Creodonta and
Carnivora from Arrisdrift, early Middle Miocene of southern Namibia".
306:(AD 17'00 & AD 219'97)âas well as a mandible fragment (PQAD 611) and several isolated teeth - were described in 2003. The referral of this species to
731:"The taxonomic status of "Ysengrinia" ginsburgi Morales et al. 1998 (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) from the basal middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia"
265:
1499:
397:
530:
and giant tortoises indicate a more tropical climate than found in the area today. The habitat was likely a bushy, rather wooded savanna, with a
2199:
2194:
1341:"Suidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the early Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia: Namachoerus (gen. nov.) moruoroti, and Nguruwe kijivium"
442:
occur in the mandible, one of which is aligned with the gap between m1 and m2, whereas the other is below p3. Its canine has been described as
459:, with a proportionally greater proximo-distally articular zone. It is slightly concave in lateral view, and here is a marked area for the
973:
Morlo, Michael; Miller, Ellen R.; Bastl, Katharina; Abdelgawad, Mohamed K.; Hamdan, Mohammed; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N.; Nagel, Doris (2019).
861:
Morales, J.; Pickford, M.; Soria, D.; Fraile, S. (1998). "New carnivores from the basal Middle
Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia".
2109:
526:
502:. Its strongly pronounced hypercarnivorous features have led some researchers to suggest that it was ancestral to the genus
512:
and bone-crushing, suggesting that this tribe's radiation was likely considerably more complex than usually acknowledged.
730:
1019:
Morlo, Michael; Nengo, Isaiah O.; Friscia, Anthony; Mbogo, Winfred; Miller, Ellen R.; Russo, Gabrielle A. (2023-01-26).
1492:
931:"Systematics of African Amphicyonidae, with descriptions of new material from Napak (Uganda) and Grillental (Namibia)"
43:
1462:
Martin, Pickford (2003-03-07). "New
Proboscidea from the Miocene strata in the lower Orange River valley, Namibia".
1294:"New hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) from the early miocene of napak (Uganda), koru (Kenya) and grillental (Namibia)"
460:
1110:
310:
was soon questioned, and in a revision of
African amphicyonid species, Morales et al. moved it to the genus
1021:"Presence of a giant amphicyonid and other carnivores (Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene of Napudet, Kenya"
2189:
2129:
1485:
1386:"New data regarding Orangemeryx hendeyi Morales et al., 2000, from the type locality, Arrisdrift, Namibia"
2161:
1254:
904:"Zur systematischen Stellung von "Amphicyon" intermedius H. v. Meyer, 1849 (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae)"
787:
431:
412:
1141:
1094:
2072:
1940:
1684:
684:
675:
1791:
1728:
974:
693:
1812:
1677:
1635:
1161:
1122:
1050:
996:
811:
647:
380:
268:. Remains belonging to this genus were first mentioned by Hendey in 1978, who identified them as
172:
38:
2166:
2065:
1833:
1798:
1656:
1649:
594:
576:
260:
2058:
2014:
1949:
1777:
1770:
1756:
1670:
1238:
Anton, Mauricio (2003). "Reconstructing fossil mammals from
Arrisdrift (17-17.5 Ma), Namibia".
637:
2079:
2035:
1321:
1274:
1220:
1202:
1114:
1042:
950:
803:
657:
491:
337:
603:
1905:
1442:
1313:
1305:
1266:
1210:
1192:
1181:"A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France"
1153:
1106:
1032:
986:
942:
795:
643:
581:
303:
471:
is semicircular. The two preserved metatarsals are short and robust, and resemble those of
1868:
699:
599:
142:
243:, had been assigned to a variety of other genera. It is notable for its adaptions toward
1179:
Solé, Floréal; Lesport, Jean-François; Heitz, Antoine; Mennecart, Bastien (2022-06-15).
903:
791:
2000:
1977:
1970:
1854:
1607:
1545:
1215:
1180:
653:
531:
389:
244:
2183:
1991:
1705:
1663:
1642:
1582:
1566:
1447:
1430:
1385:
1366:
1165:
1054:
1000:
831:"Creodonta and Carnivora from the Early Miocene of the Northern Sperrgebiet, Namibia"
815:
756:
561:
551:
509:
499:
420:
in the maxilla suggests that its M2 was not reduced, clearly differentiating if from
393:
236:
228:
121:
108:
1405:"Minute species of Orycteropus from the early middle Miocene at Arrisdrift, Namibia"
1126:
991:
2152:
1912:
1898:
1509:
628:
585:
521:
151:
1157:
1037:
799:
388:
of this genus is trenchant and adapted towards hypercarnivory, with a reduced p4
2044:
1919:
1889:
1875:
1847:
1784:
1763:
1628:
1621:
1600:
1020:
775:
689:
666:
612:
548:
490:, a taxon with similar hypercarnivorous adaptions now referred to the subfamily
30:
1270:
2086:
2051:
1861:
1805:
1749:
1735:
1691:
1614:
1293:
930:
671:
624:
590:
572:
358:
295:
182:
1325:
1278:
1206:
1118:
1046:
954:
807:
239:
epoch. Before the erection of this taxon in 2022, the type and only species,
2021:
2007:
1963:
1926:
1721:
1551:
1539:
1431:"Phylogeny and systematics of the Orycteropodidae (Mammalia, Tubulidentata)"
1140:
Morales, Jorge; Abella, Juan; Sanisidro, Oscar; Valenciano, Alberto (2021).
567:
543:
455:
450:
385:
316:. This was challenged by Morlo et al., who instead referred it to the genus
299:
270:
95:
55:
1224:
1309:
975:"New Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora) from Moghra, Early Miocene, Egypt"
400:
and a m1 paracristid pointing more anteriorly than in other amphicyonids.
2146:
1956:
1840:
1714:
1527:
1477:
680:
520:
The locality of
Arrisdrift likely represents a side channel of the Proto-
498:, and all other amphicyonids known from Africa, are members of the tribe
435:
417:
408:
404:
370:
312:
291:
283:
194:
75:
1317:
1197:
946:
541:
was of intermediate size, considerably smaller than its larger relative
1819:
1742:
662:
633:
618:
557:
504:
443:
439:
364:
318:
287:
232:
206:
1093:
Morlo, Michael; Miller, Ellen R.; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N. (2007-03-12).
1533:
1521:
608:
85:
65:
2123:
1367:"Tragulidae from Arrisdrift, basal Middle Miocene, Southern Namibia"
830:
607:. Therefore, it likely preyed on medium-sized mammals, such as the
227:
is an extinct genus of carnivoran mammals, belonging to the family
1384:
Morales; Soria; Nieto-Diaz; PelĂĄez-Campomanes; Pickford (2003).
349:
2127:
1564:
1481:
1253:
Senut, Brigitte; Pickford, Martin; SĂ©galen, LoĂŻc (2009-08-01).
356:
was a medium-sized amphicyonid, bigger than species such as
929:
Morales, Jorge; Pickford, M.; Valenciano, Alberto (2016).
1261:. Histoire climatique des déserts d'Afrique et d'Arabie.
1111:
10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[145:CACFWM]2.0.CO;2
757:"Suidae from the Middle Miocene of Arrisdrift, Namibia"
2032:
1988:
1937:
1886:
1702:
1579:
1365:
Morales; Soria; SĂĄnchez; Quiralte; Pickford (2003).
1348:
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des
Sciences, SĂ©rie IIA
537:
In comparison to other predators of this ecosystem,
158:
2136:
2031:
1987:
1936:
1885:
1701:
1577:
774:Van Couvering, John A.; Delson, Eric (2020-12-01).
738:Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia
1095:"Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt"
378:(which is sometimes moved into a separate genus,
329:an assignment which was followed by Morlo et al.
322:. Finally, Morales et al. erected the new genus
1073:"Palaeoecological study of Arrisdrift Mammals"
1493:
8:
902:Heizmann, E. P. J; Kordikova, E. G. (2000).
885:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Namibia
290:(AD 604'94), with the former designated as
2124:
1592:
1588:
1574:
1561:
1500:
1486:
1478:
1390:Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia
1371:Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia
1240:Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia
835:Memoir of the Geological Survey of Namibia
486:was originally classified as a species of
403:Among its defining features are the small
20:
1446:
1435:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1292:Morales, Jorge; Pickford, Martin (2017).
1214:
1196:
1036:
990:
761:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences
729:Morales, Jorge; Pickford, Martin (2022).
434:, which has a rugose surface, and a high
392:, a high length/breadth index, narrow m2
298:remains belonging to this speciesâa left
278:It was not until 1998, that the species
712:
407:occurring between the third and fourth
1464:Memoir - Geological Survey of Namibia
1412:Memoir - Geological Survey of Namibia
1066:
1064:
1014:
1012:
1010:
878:
876:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
7:
968:
966:
964:
924:
922:
920:
1255:"Neogene desertification of Africa"
1146:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
16:Extinct genus of carnivoran mammals
1099:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1025:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
780:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
744:: 1â16 – via Google Scholar.
14:
282:was described on basis of a left
2108:
1448:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00460.x
42:
1403:Martin, Pickford (2003-08-08).
992:10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a21
652:Other inhabitants include the
1:
2200:Prehistoric carnivoran genera
2195:Prehistoric mammals of Africa
1158:10.1080/14772019.2021.1910868
1038:10.1080/02724634.2022.2160643
800:10.1080/02724634.2020.1803340
231:(âbear dogsâ), that lived in
863:Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae
368:, but slightly smaller than
1339:Pickford, M. (1995-11-19).
336:honors the palaeontologist
2216:
1271:10.1016/j.crte.2009.03.008
1080:Memoir Geol. Surv. Namibia
935:Journal of Iberian Geology
829:Salesa, Manuel J. (2008).
776:"African Land Mammal Ages"
461:musculus quadratus plantae
453:are quite unlike those of
302:(AD 611 '98) and two left
2106:
1595:
1591:
1573:
1560:
1516:
1259:Comptes Rendus Geoscience
755:Pickford, Martin (1995).
326:for this species in 2022,
178:
171:
157:
150:
39:Scientific classification
37:
23:
527:'Crocodylus' gariepensis
396:, a strongly reduced m1
1071:Guérin, Claude (2003).
449:The proportions of the
430:possesses an extensive
348:Although larger than a
556:, but larger than the
189:(Morales et al., 1998)
2162:Paleobiology Database
1310:10.13039/501100000780
484:Namibiocyon ginsburgi
413:infra-orbital foramen
359:Ysengrinia gerandiana
286:(AD 133) and a right
162:Namibiocyon ginsburgi
29:Temporal range: Late
1429:Lehmann, T. (2009).
642:or juveniles of the
432:mandibular symphysis
280:Ysengrinia ginsburgi
213:(Morlo et al., 2019)
201:Morales et al., 2016
166:Morales et al., 1998
1198:10.7717/peerj.13457
792:2020JVPal..40E3340V
365:Cynelos lemanensis
2177:
2176:
2130:Taxon identifiers
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2036:Thaumastocyoninae
534:along the river.
492:Thaumastocyoninae
332:The species name
220:
219:
214:
202:
190:
146:
2207:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2125:
2112:
2034:
1990:
1939:
1906:Brachyrhyncocyon
1888:
1704:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1575:
1562:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1304:(3â4): 332â359.
1289:
1283:
1282:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1200:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1040:
1016:
1005:
1004:
994:
970:
959:
958:
926:
915:
914:
908:
899:
893:
892:
880:
871:
870:
858:
839:
838:
826:
820:
819:
771:
765:
764:
752:
746:
745:
735:
726:
436:horizontal ramus
338:Leonard Ginsburg
212:
200:
188:
160:
140:
133:
120:
107:
47:
46:
21:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2132:
2122:
2113:
2092:
2027:
1983:
1932:
1881:
1869:Pseudocyonopsis
1697:
1585:
1569:
1556:
1512:
1506:
1476:
1475:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1031:(2): e2160643.
1018:
1017:
1008:
985:(21): 731â745.
972:
971:
962:
928:
927:
918:
906:
901:
900:
896:
882:
881:
874:
860:
859:
842:
828:
827:
823:
786:(5): e1803340.
773:
772:
768:
754:
753:
749:
733:
728:
727:
714:
709:
700:Prodeinotherium
679:the diminutive
582:stenoplesicitid
518:
481:
465:Amphicyon major
346:
294:. Furthermore,
276:steinheimensis.
253:
211:
199:
187:
167:
164:
139:
131:
118:
105:
41:
33:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2158:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2001:Delotrochanter
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1978:Haplocyonopsis
1974:
1971:Haplocyonoides
1967:
1960:
1953:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1855:Pseudamphicyon
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1608:Angelarctocyon
1604:
1596:
1586:
1578:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1546:Amphicyonoidea
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1454:
1441:(3): 649â702.
1421:
1395:
1376:
1357:
1331:
1298:Fossil Imprint
1284:
1265:(8): 591â602.
1245:
1230:
1171:
1152:(5): 393â415.
1132:
1105:(1): 145â159.
1085:
1060:
1006:
960:
941:(2): 131â150.
916:
894:
872:
840:
821:
766:
747:
711:
710:
708:
705:
644:climatoceratid
547:and the giant
532:gallery-forest
517:
514:
480:
479:Classification
477:
345:
342:
252:
249:
245:hypercarnivory
218:
217:
216:
215:
203:
191:
176:
175:
169:
168:
165:
155:
154:
148:
147:
129:
125:
124:
116:
112:
111:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2212:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Amphicyonidae
2188:
2187:
2185:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2111:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:Thaumastocyon
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1992:Temnocyoninae
1986:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1941:Haplocyoninae
1935:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1706:Amphicyoninae
1700:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1685:Symplectocyon
1682:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1664:Paradaphoenus
1661:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:Harpagophagus
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1583:Amphicyonidae
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:Amphicyonidae
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:Superfamily:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
998:
993:
988:
984:
980:
979:Geodiversitas
976:
969:
967:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
925:
923:
921:
917:
912:
905:
898:
895:
890:
886:
879:
877:
873:
868:
864:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
841:
836:
832:
825:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
770:
767:
762:
758:
751:
748:
743:
739:
732:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
713:
706:
704:
702:
701:
696:
695:
691:
687:
686:
685:Myorycteropus
682:
678:
677:
676:Australagomys
673:
669:
668:
664:
660:
659:
655:
654:macroscelidid
651:
649:
645:
641:
639:
635:
631:
630:
626:
622:
620:
615:
614:
610:
606:
605:
601:
600:hyainailourid
597:
596:
592:
588:
587:
583:
579:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
563:
562:Diamantofelis
559:
555:
554:
553:Hyainailourus
550:
546:
545:
540:
535:
533:
529:
528:
523:
516:Palaeoecology
515:
513:
511:
510:mesocarnivory
507:
506:
501:
497:
494:. Meanwhile,
493:
489:
485:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
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377:
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367:
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343:
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328:
325:
321:
320:
315:
314:
309:
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301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
267:
262:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
238:
237:Early Miocene
234:
230:
229:Amphicyonidae
226:
225:
210:
208:
204:
198:
196:
192:
186:
184:
180:
179:
177:
174:
170:
163:
156:
153:
149:
144:
138:
137:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:Amphicyoninae
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:Amphicyonidae
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
2137:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1925:
1918:
1913:Daphoenictis
1911:
1904:
1899:Adilophontes
1897:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1792:Janvierocyon
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1729:Askazansoria
1727:
1720:
1713:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1510:amphicyonids
1467:
1463:
1457:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1398:
1389:
1379:
1370:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1334:
1318:10261/195968
1301:
1297:
1287:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1239:
1233:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1079:
1028:
1024:
982:
978:
947:10261/137042
938:
934:
910:
897:
888:
884:
866:
862:
834:
824:
783:
779:
769:
760:
750:
741:
737:
698:
694:Afromastodon
692:
683:
674:
665:
656:
646:
636:
632:, the small
629:Dorcatherium
627:
617:
611:
602:
593:
589:, the large
586:Africanictis
584:
575:
566:
560:
552:
542:
538:
536:
525:
522:Orange River
519:
503:
500:Amphicyonini
495:
487:
483:
482:
472:
468:
464:
454:
448:
427:
426:
421:
402:
379:
375:
369:
363:
357:
353:
347:
333:
331:
327:
323:
317:
311:
307:
279:
275:
269:
256:
254:
241:N. ginsburgi
240:
223:
222:
221:
205:
193:
181:
161:
152:Type species
141:Morales and
135:
134:
24:
18:
2138:Namibiocyon
2045:Agnotherium
1920:Daphoenodon
1890:Daphoeninae
1876:Tartarocyon
1848:Pseudarctos
1827:Namibiocyon
1813:Mogharacyon
1785:Ischyrocyon
1764:Goupilictis
1678:Storchictis
1636:Harpagocyon
1629:Gustafsonia
1622:Guangxicyon
1601:Amphicyanis
690:proboscidea
667:Megapedetes
648:Orangemeryx
613:Namachoerus
539:Namibiocyon
496:Namibiocyon
469:Namibiocyon
428:Namibiocyon
381:Mogharacyon
354:Namibiocyon
344:Description
324:Namibiocyon
304:metatarsals
296:postcranial
266:Sperrgebiet
259:were found
257:Namibiocyon
255:Fossils of
235:during the
224:Namibiocyon
136:Namibiocyon
115:Subfamily:
31:Burdigalian
25:Namibiocyon
2184:Categories
2153:Q111280772
2087:Ysengrinia
2066:Peignecyon
2052:Ammitocyon
1862:Pseudocyon
1834:Paludocyon
1806:Magericyon
1799:Maemohcyon
1750:Cynodictis
1736:Bonisicyon
1692:Vishnucyon
1657:Paludocyon
1650:Meiniogale
1615:Brachycyon
1544:Suborder:
1508:Genera of
1470:: 207â256.
1418:: 195â198.
1354:: 319â326.
1191:: e13457.
891:: 177â194.
707:References
663:springhare
595:Namibictis
577:Orangictis
549:hyaenodont
488:Ysengrinia
422:Ysengrinia
411:, and the
376:C. anubisi
308:Ysengrinia
261:Arrisdrift
183:Ysengrinia
2059:Crassidia
2022:Temnocyon
2015:Rudiocyon
2008:Mammacyon
1964:Haplocyon
1950:Aktaucyon
1927:Daphoenus
1778:Istiocyon
1771:Hecubides
1757:Dehmicyon
1722:Amphicyon
1671:Sarcocyon
1552:Carnivora
1540:Carnivora
1520:Kingdom:
1326:2533-4069
1279:1631-0713
1207:2167-8359
1166:235363054
1119:0272-4634
1055:256354136
1047:0272-4634
1001:208284245
955:1698-6180
911:Carolinea
816:229372221
808:0272-4634
672:lagomorph
638:Namacerus
568:Namafelis
544:Amphicyon
473:Amphicyon
456:Amphicyon
451:calcaneus
409:premolars
398:metaconid
390:protocone
386:dentition
334:ginsburgi
300:calcaneum
271:Amphicyon
209:ginsburgi
197:ginsburgi
185:ginsburgi
96:Carnivora
62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
2147:Wikidata
2080:Tomocyon
1957:Gobicyon
1841:Pliocyon
1715:Afrocyon
1534:Mammalia
1528:Chordata
1526:Phylum:
1522:Animalia
1225:35726261
1127:86235694
869:: 27â40.
688:and the
681:aardvark
658:Myohyrax
625:tragulid
598:and the
591:mustelid
573:viverrid
440:foramina
405:diastema
371:Afrocyon
313:Afrocyon
292:holotype
284:mandible
195:Afrocyon
173:Synonyms
143:Pickford
102:Family:
86:Mammalia
76:Chordata
72:Phylum:
66:Animalia
52:Domain:
1820:Myacyon
1743:Cynelos
1538:Order:
1532:Class:
1216:9206431
788:Bibcode
619:Nguruwe
604:Buhakia
505:Myacyon
418:alveoli
394:talonid
384:). The
319:Cynelos
288:maxilla
251:History
233:Namibia
207:Cynelos
128:Genus:
92:Order:
82:Class:
2167:471973
1324:
1277:
1223:
1213:
1205:
1164:
1125:
1117:
1053:
1045:
999:
953:
814:
806:
670:, the
661:, the
580:, the
571:, the
558:felids
444:feloid
438:. Two
145:, 2022
1408:(PDF)
1344:(PDF)
1185:PeerJ
1162:S2CID
1123:S2CID
1076:(PDF)
1051:S2CID
997:S2CID
907:(PDF)
812:S2CID
734:(PDF)
634:bovid
609:suids
1352:3204
1322:ISSN
1275:ISSN
1221:PMID
1203:ISSN
1115:ISSN
1043:ISSN
951:ISSN
804:ISSN
697:and
623:the
616:and
565:and
374:and
362:and
350:wolf
274:cf.
1443:doi
1439:155
1314:hdl
1306:doi
1267:doi
1263:341
1211:PMC
1193:doi
1154:doi
1107:doi
1033:doi
987:doi
943:hdl
796:doi
2186::
2164::
2149::
1468:19
1466:.
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1433:.
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1103:27
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1063:^
1049:.
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995:.
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