1029:
350:
3937:
50:
3332:(1st century CE) suggests that the dynasty's founder was a barber-turned-king, and that his son was the dynasty's last king, who was overthrown by Chandragupta. The Greek accounts name only one Nanda kingβAgrammes or Xandramesβwho was a contemporary of Alexander. "Agrammes" may be a Greek transcription of the Sanskrit word "Augrasainya" (literally "son or descendant of Ugrasena", Ugrasena being the name of the dynasty's founder according to the Buddhist tradition).
4171:, who claims that Androkottos (identified as Chandragupta) met Alexander, Androkottos later declared that Alexander could have easily conquered the Nanda territory (Gangaridai and Prasii) because the Nanda king was hated and despised by his subjects, as he was wicked and of low origin. The Sri Lankan Buddhist tradition blames the Nandas for being greedy and for imposing oppressive taxation. The Puranas of India label the Nandas as
3433:
5131:
3760:), and therefore, cannot be considered as reliable in this context. The Magadha empire included parts of southern India during the reign of the Mauryas β the successors of the Nandas β but there is no satisfactory account of how they came to control this area. For example, an inscription discovered at Bandanikke states:
3826:
inflates these numbers significantly, except the infantry: according to him, the Nanda force included 200,000 infantry; 80,000 cavalry; 6,000 elephants; and 8,000 chariots. It is possible that the numbers reported to
Alexander had been exaggerated by the local Indian population, who had the incentive
3091:
and
Shaishunaga predecessors and instituted a more centralised administration. Ancient sources credit them with amassing great wealth, which was probably a result of the introduction of a new currency and taxation system. Ancient texts also suggest that the Nandas were unpopular among their subjects
3675:
of the
Puranas suggests that the Vitihotras were contemporaries of the Shaishunagas. It is possible that the Shaishunagas restored a Pradyota prince as a subordinate ruler, after defeating the Pradyotas. The Nandas may have defeated this Vitihotra ruler. The Jain writers describe the Nandas as the
3860:
theorises that the Nandas held centralised control over their core territories in present-day Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh, but allowed considerable autonomy in the frontier parts of their empire. This is suggested by Buddhist legends, which state Chandragupta was unable to defeat the Nandas when he
3630:
The
Panchalas occupied the Ganges valley to the north-west of the Kosala region, and there are no records of their conflict with the Magadha monarchs before the Nanda period. Therefore, it appears that the Nandas subjugated them. According to the Greek accounts, Alexander expected to face king
4223:
mentions a war between the Nanda general
Bhaddasala (Sanskrit:Bhadrashala) and Chandragupta. According to the text, this war led to the slaughter of 10,000 elephants; 100,000 horses; 5,000 charioteers; and a billion foot soldiers. While this is obviously an exaggeration, it suggests that the
3864:
The Nanda kings appear to have strengthened the
Magadha kingdom ruled by their Haryanka and Shaishunaga predecessors, creating the first great empire of northern India in the process. Historians have put forward various theories to explain the political success of these dynasties of Magadha.
3119:(327β325 BCE), Greco-Roman writers depict this kingdom as a great military power. The prospect of a war against this kingdom, coupled with the exhaustion resulting from almost a decade of campaigning, led to a mutiny among Alexander's homesick soldiers, putting an end to his Indian campaign.
3894:
According to the Jain tradition, Kalpaka was the minister of the first Nanda king. He became a minister reluctantly, but after assuming the office, he encouraged the king to adopt an aggressive expansionist policy. The Jain texts suggest that the ministerial offices of the Nanda Empire were
3664:. The Nanda control over this territory does not seem improbable, given that their predecessors β the Shaishunagas β are said to have subjugated the rulers of Avanti in central India (according to the Puranas), and their successors β the Mauryas β are known to have ruled over Central India.
3135:(1st century CE) adds that according to Porus, this barber became the former queen's paramour thanks to his attractive looks, treacherously assassinated the then king, usurped the supreme authority by pretending to act as a guardian for the then princes, and later killed the princes.
4166:
told
Alexander that the contemporary Nanda king was a man of "worthless character", and was not respected by his subjects as he was thought to be of low origin. Curtius also states that according to Porus, the Nanda king was despised by his subjects. According to
3865:
Pataliputra, the capital of
Magadha, was naturally protected because of its location at the junction of the Ganges and the Son rivers. The Ganges and its tributaries connected the kingdom with important trade routes. It had fertile soil and access to
3991:
refers to "the untold wealth of the Nandas", which was "swept away and submerged later on by the floods of the Ganges". Another interpretation of this verse states this wealth was hidden in the waters of the Ganges. The 7th-century
Chinese traveller
3848:("single ruler"), which suggests that the Nanda empire was an integrated monarchy rather than a group of virtually independent feudal states. However, the Greek accounts suggest the presence of a more federated system of governance. For example,
3725:
in this region was originally called "Nau Nand Dehra" (abode of the nine Nandas), which may be considered as evidence of the Nanda control of this area. However, there is no concrete evidence that the Nanda rule extended to the south of the
3895:
hereditary. For example, after the death of Shakatala, a minister of the last Nanda king, his position was offered to his son Sthulabhadra; when Sthulabhadra refused the offer, Shakatala's second son Shriyaka was appointed as the minister.
3376:
commentator, names one of the Nanda kings as Sarvatha-siddhi, and states that his son was Maurya, whose son was Chandragupta Maurya. However, the Puranas themselves do not talk of any relation between the Nanda and the Maurya dynasties.
3835:
in 330 BCE, and the stiff resistance that they had met in north-western India in the subsequent years had demoralised them. They mutinied, when faced with the prospect of facing the Nanda army, forcing Alexander to withdraw from India.
4141:
and there was a difference of 400 years between Sri-Harsha era and Vikrama era which would make it fall in 458 BC, the attributes of which matched with the Nanda kings. According to 12th century Yedarava inscription of Chalukya king
3653:, was located to the west of the Panchala territory. The Greek records suggest that the king of Gangaridai and Prasii controlled this region, which may be taken as corrorobrative evidence for the Nanda conquest of the Kuru territory.
4009:(4th century BCE), mentions that the king of India was very wealthy, and aspired to arbitrate in the disputes between the kingdoms of West Asia. Although Xenophon's book describes the events of the 6th century BCE (the period of
4079:
The Jain tradition suggests that several Nanda ministers were inclined towards Jainism. When Shakatala, a minister of the last Nanda king, died, his son Sthulabhadra refused to inherit his father's office, and instead became a
3830:
The Nanda army did not have the opportunity to face Alexander, whose soldiers mutinied at the Beas River, refusing to go any further in the east. Alexander's soldiers had first started to agitate to return to their homeland at
3070:
and expanded the empire to include a larger part of northern India. Ancient sources differ considerably regarding the names of the Nanda kings and the duration of their rule, but based on the Buddhist tradition recorded in the
8171:
3602:. According to the Puranas, a Shaishunaga prince was appointed to govern Kashi, which suggests that this region was under Shaishunaga control. The Nandas may have captured it from a successor of the Shaishunaga prince.
9024:
4075:
priests. The declining power of these kings under the more centralised Nanda and Maurya rule appears to have deprived the Brahmins of their patrons, resulting in the gradual decline of the traditional Vedic society.
3881:
has disputed this theory, pointing out that Magadha did not have a monopoly over these mines, and the iron mining in the historical Magadha region started much later. Singh, however, notes that the adjoining
3200:, the dynasty's founder was Ugrasena, who was originally "a man of the frontier": he fell into the hands of a gang of robbers, and later became their leader. He later ousted the sons of the Shaishunaga king
3317:, while all the chronological details provided by Merutunga cannot be accepted without corroborative evidence, they cannot be dismissed as entirely unreliable unless contradicted by more reliable sources.
3186:
Since the claim of the barber ancestry of the dynasty's founder is attested by two different traditionsβGreco-Roman and Jain, it appears to be more reliable than the Puranic claim of Shaishunaga ancestry.
4105:, Pataliputra has been analysed as a pre Maurya-Nanda period keystone fragment of a trefoil arch of gateway with mason's marks of three archaic Brahmi letters inscribed on it which probably decorated a
3358:
mentions the length of his reign as only 28 years. The Puranas further state that Mahapadma's 8 sons ruled in succession after him for a total of 12 years, but name only one of these sons: Sukalpa. A
9019:
3742:
have revealed imperial standard coins dating back to the Nandas besides other dynasties of Magadha, including the Mauryas; but it is not certain when this region was annexed by the Magadhan rulers.
3011:
956:
4064:. However, the rulers of the empire never engaged in conversion of their subjects to other religions and there is no evidence that these rulers discriminated against any contemporary religion.
3706:). The inscription states that "Nanda-raja" (the Nanda king) had excavated a canal in Kalinga, and had taken a Jain idol from Kalinga. According to the inscription, this canal had been dug "
1028:
8166:
3980:(800 million). He buried these treasures in the bed of the Ganges river. He acquired further wealth by levying taxes on all sorts of objects, including skins, gums, trees, and stones.
9364:
9092:
49:
9277:
8192:
8089:
3152:, the mother of the first Nanda king was a courtesan. However, the text also states that the daughter of the last Nanda king married Chandragupta, because it was customary for
9031:
8967:
7978:
9628:
5422:
3852:
mentions that the land beyond the Beas River was governed by "the aristocracy, who exercised their authority with justice and moderation." The Greek accounts mention the
8084:
2921:
3313:
Jain tradition, Mahavira died in 527 BCE, which would mean that the Nanda ruleβaccording to Merutunga's writingsβlasted from 467 BCE to 312 BCE. According to historian
9097:
2981:
951:
9623:
9073:
8159:
3045:
2951:
941:
3346:(but based on earlier sources), also state that the Nandas ruled for two generations. According to the Puranic tradition, the dynasty's founder was Mahapadma: the
3270:
According to another theory, based on astronomical calculations, the first Nanda king ascended the throne in 424 BCE. Proponents of this theory also interpret the
8944:
8631:
2961:
901:
9036:
8197:
4154:
were extant which were abolished in favour of a new Chalukyan era, but other scholars have opined that evidences are too meager to make anything conclusive.
9497:
8595:
8094:
9282:
9041:
8590:
1004:
3924:, and Vyadi lived during the Nanda period. While much of this account is unreliable folklore, it is probable that some of the grammarians who preceded
349:
8939:
8104:
3066:
region and other parts of the northern Indian subcontinent during the fourth century BCE and possibly also during the fifth. The Nandas overthrew the
961:
3325:
The Buddhist, Jain, and Puranic traditions all state that there were 9 Nanda kings, but the sources differ considerably on the names of these kings.
8074:
3667:
The Vitihotras, according to the Puranas, were closely associated with the Haihayas. Their sovereignty is said to have ended before the rise of the
9107:
8912:
8760:
8755:
8621:
8136:
8131:
8099:
5663:
9265:
8463:
8126:
8057:
5415:
3804:
3112:
8626:
6396:
9359:
9068:
8743:
8520:
8121:
7965:
7956:
7766:
7148:
5390:
5369:
5324:
5278:
5254:
5229:
5199:
4834:
4460:
3222:
There is little unanimity among the ancient sources regarding the total duration of the Nanda reign or their regnal period. For example, the
4214:, names Chandragupta's father as Maurya; he describes Maurya as a son of the Nanda king Sarvatha-siddhi and a hunter's daughter named Mura.
3489:), Pataliputra (Greek: Palibothra) was located in the country of the Prasii, which further confirms that Pataliputra was the Nanda capital.
9371:
9102:
2771:
847:
9258:
8616:
4824:
3156:
girls to choose their husbands; thus, it implies that the Nanda king claimed to be a Kshatriya, that is, a member of the warrior class.
3148:, corroborates the Greco-Roman accounts, stating that the first Nanda king was the son of a barber. According to the 12th century text
3038:
7818:
6818:
9248:
8600:
3214:
suggested that the "other Kshatriya castes have come into existence through a process of caste mobility from among the lower castes".
3904:
tradition claims that under the Nanda rule, the city of Pataliputra not only became the abode of the goddess of material prosperity (
9633:
9002:
8431:
8426:
8013:
6462:
5408:
5345:
5299:
4351:
8436:
3309:. The Nanda rule, spanning the reigns of nine kings, lasted for 155 years, after which the Mauryas came to power. According to the
9393:
9208:
8929:
8154:
8062:
8052:
8031:
3873:
orthodoxy, which may have played a role in its political success; however, it is difficult to assess the veracity of this claim.
7444:
3768:(which included the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,
3131:(1st century BCE), Porus told Alexander that the contemporary Nanda king was thought to be the son of a barber. Roman historian
9310:
9228:
9193:
8962:
8656:
4358:
During the period of the Nanda Dynasty, the Hindu, Buddha and Jain religions had under their sway the population of the Empire
3466:, which ruled in the Magadha region. The Greek accounts state that Agrammes (identified as a Nanda king) was the ruler of the
290:
265:
251:
9287:
9012:
8934:
6260:
4317:
3031:
1280:
1038:
997:
4028:β a measuring standard introduced by the Nandas. This may be a reference to their introduction of a new currency system and
9080:
8396:
8109:
7882:
3528:
western India. According to the Jain tradition, the Nanda minister subjugated the entire country up to the coastal areas.
2856:
3861:
attacked their capital but was successful against them when he gradually conquered the frontier regions of their empire.
3388:, there were 9 Nanda kings β they were brothers who ruled in succession, for a total of 22 years. These nine kings were:
3175:. However, even these texts hint at the low birth of the Nandas, when they state that Mahapadma's mother belonged to the
9618:
7877:
7761:
6116:
5730:
5553:
4228:
4185:
3609:, and had come into conflict with the Magadha kingdom during the reign of Ajatashatru. Their history after the reign of
3572:
3127:
Both Indian and Greco-Roman traditions characterise the dynasty's founder as of low birth. According to Greek historian
1365:
976:
840:
639:
6924:
8705:
7887:
6606:
4517:
4309:
3874:
3595:. The Nandas probably subjugated the local chieftains, who may have retained some degree of independence from Magadha.
3513:
2966:
2836:
117:
3092:
because of their low-status birth, excessive taxation, and general misconduct. The last Nanda king was overthrown by
8067:
9613:
9435:
8202:
3877:
theorised that Magadha's monopoly over iron ore mines played a major role in its imperial expansion, but historian
3016:
881:
359:
6557:
3252:β322 BCE, relying on the Sri Lankan Buddhist tradition which states that the Nandas ruled for 22 years. Historian
9381:
9270:
9213:
8458:
8004:
7949:
7845:
6993:
5535:
4068:
3584:
3369:
2986:
2946:
2411:
2005:
1354:
1248:
1237:
1226:
990:
966:
891:
437:
329:
4162:
All historical accounts agree that the last Nanda king was unpopular among his subjects. According to Diodorus,
3328:
According to the Greco-Roman accounts, the Nanda rule spanned two generations. For example, the Roman historian
9354:
9253:
9218:
9007:
8477:
7803:
7778:
7628:
7287:
7282:
6198:
5936:
5852:
5696:
5431:
5209:
3936:
2871:
1785:
1625:
828:
613:
3869:
and elephants of the adjacent areas. Some historians have suggested that Magadha was relatively free from the
3886:
was rich in many minerals and other raw materials, and access to these would have been an asset for Magadha.
3456:
region of eastern India. This is confirmed by the Buddhist and Jain traditions, as well as the Sanskrit play
9638:
8852:
8713:
8401:
7870:
7751:
7292:
7245:
7188:
6887:
6831:
6579:
6256:
5246:
4196:. Some accounts mention Chandragupta as a member of the Nanda family. For example, the 11th century writers
4126:
3692:
3646:. The Greek accounts suggest that they were subordinates to the king of the Prasii, that is, the Nanda king.
3505:
3362:
script names him as "Sahalya", which apparently corresponds to the "Sahalin" mentioned in the Buddhist text
3271:
2976:
2941:
2776:
2556:
2105:
1657:
1586:
971:
886:
674:
463:
7344:
7059:
6813:
1166:
9478:
9468:
9349:
9337:
9297:
9203:
9053:
8226:
8207:
8187:
7892:
7793:
7788:
7476:
7424:
7277:
7181:
7166:
6826:
6780:
6621:
6508:
5217:
4032:, which may have been responsible for much of their wealth. A hoard of coins found at the site of ancient
3856:
and the Prasii separately, although suggesting that these two were ruled by a common sovereign. Historian
3294:
2891:
2866:
2816:
2756:
2341:
2277:
2075:
1291:
703:
4303:
3807:
at the time of Agrammes or Xandrames, whom modern historians generally identify as the last Nanda king β
9603:
9557:
9532:
9527:
8987:
8530:
8386:
8212:
8026:
7823:
7783:
7596:
7471:
6535:
6525:
6484:
6455:
6018:
5902:
5873:
5773:
5355:
3785:
3749:(North Mysore) inscriptions suggest that the Nandas also ruled it, which included a part of present-day
3329:
3132:
2936:
2926:
2896:
2761:
2716:
2546:
2185:
2175:
2145:
1877:
1857:
1718:
1087:
1049:
916:
906:
896:
795:
415:
385:
7716:
7711:
4508:
Judge, Paramjit S. (September 2002). Jayaram, N. (ed.). "Religion, Caste, and Communalism in Punjab".
3844:
Little information survives on the Nanda administration today. The Puranas describe the Nanda king as
3301:. He was succeeded by his son Palaka, who ruled for 60 years. After that, the Nandas rose to power at
3241:
It is difficult to assign precise date for the Nanda and other early dynasties of Magadha. Historians
9473:
9430:
9332:
9223:
8992:
8809:
7942:
7916:
7746:
7696:
7591:
7522:
7493:
7412:
7314:
6746:
6584:
6574:
3883:
3671:
in Avanti, far earlier than the Nandas and the Shaishunagas came to power. However, a passage in the
2861:
2846:
2791:
2432:
3635:. This suggests that the Nanda territory extended up to the Ganges river in the present-day western
9483:
8870:
8540:
8079:
7672:
7608:
7488:
7454:
7356:
7324:
7176:
7171:
6983:
6702:
6638:
6513:
6498:
6281:
6219:
5671:
5466:
5264:
4650:
Mookerji, Radhakumud. Chandragupta Maurya and his times. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1966. p165-166
4189:
4017:
speculates that the writer's image of the Indian king may be based on the contemporary Nanda king.
3971:
3801:
3777:
3627:
town of the Kosala region. This suggests that the Nanda king went on a military campaign to Kosala.
3521:
3500:
in the east. An analysis of various historical sources β including the ancient Greek accounts, the
3463:
3275:
3168:
3108:
3093:
3067:
2786:
2514:
2361:
2055:
2035:
1447:
1395:
736:
656:
645:
519:
507:
256:
7721:
3587:") territory was located to the north of Magadha, on the border of present-day Nepal and northern
9547:
9420:
9415:
8667:
8362:
8114:
7701:
7684:
7635:
7500:
7309:
7260:
7193:
7111:
7052:
7047:
7042:
6998:
6968:
6860:
6758:
6626:
6601:
6398:
Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture"
6030:
5857:
5801:
5757:
4537:
4529:
4029:
4014:
3857:
3818:
According to Curtius, Alexander learned that Agrammes had 200,000 infantry; 20,000 cavalry; 3000
3739:
3591:. This region had come under the control of Magadha during the reign of the 5th century BCE king
2991:
2851:
2831:
2476:
2085:
1995:
1765:
1755:
1688:
1637:
1343:
1259:
592:
443:
9463:
9458:
9425:
9376:
9325:
9320:
9315:
8827:
8817:
8510:
8367:
7830:
7726:
7662:
7657:
7586:
7483:
7198:
7126:
7121:
6963:
6892:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6665:
6616:
6269:
6265:
6223:
6212:
6190:
6158:
6144:
5829:
5386:
5380:
5365:
5341:
5320:
5295:
5274:
5250:
5225:
5195:
4830:
4347:
4341:
4313:
3180:
3144:
3001:
2971:
2881:
2876:
2821:
2766:
2596:
2486:
2465:
2421:
2391:
2095:
2025:
2015:
1985:
1467:
1429:
1309:
1061:
931:
926:
921:
853:
801:
651:
581:
374:
7334:
5268:
5213:
5191:
3710:" years ago: the term is variously interpreted as "three hundred" or "one hundred and three".
3210:
suggested that the Nandas were the sole Kshatriyas in India "at the time of the Mauryas" and
3073:
9608:
9453:
9445:
9161:
9149:
9137:
8875:
8865:
8822:
8258:
8036:
7679:
7466:
7461:
7417:
7404:
7302:
7297:
7161:
7156:
7138:
7099:
7032:
7015:
6956:
6946:
6941:
6882:
6838:
6808:
6768:
6751:
6734:
6697:
6448:
6154:
6139:
6135:
6088:
6084:
6044:
6010:
6006:
5825:
5649:
5621:
5613:
5559:
5359:
5242:
By the Spear: Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Rise and Fall of the Macedonian Empire
4521:
3781:
3668:
3615:
3544:
3540:
3290:
3128:
3088:
3006:
2996:
2931:
2901:
2886:
2841:
2826:
2811:
2781:
2676:
2371:
2155:
2065:
1944:
1934:
1887:
1816:
1795:
1385:
1375:
1214:
1149:
946:
742:
627:
621:
513:
338:
7706:
3310:
3107:
and the Prasii mentioned in ancient Greco-Roman accounts as a Nanda king. While describing
9410:
9402:
9342:
9117:
8997:
8860:
8842:
8685:
8675:
8505:
8406:
8316:
8311:
8288:
8263:
8021:
7897:
7865:
7738:
7689:
7645:
7640:
7618:
7613:
7571:
7564:
7539:
7399:
7394:
7235:
7116:
7010:
7005:
6973:
6798:
6788:
6682:
6675:
6670:
6655:
6611:
6493:
6479:
6392:
6273:
6231:
6227:
6194:
6166:
6162:
6108:
6014:
5946:
5908:
5714:
4163:
4143:
4057:
4010:
3765:
3746:
3393:
3234:
state the total duration of the Nanda rule as 40 years. The 16th century Buddhist scholar
3228:
assigns 88 years to the rule of the first Nanda king alone, while some manuscripts of the
3164:
2454:
2443:
2401:
2381:
2299:
2266:
1847:
1775:
1735:
1647:
1607:
1569:
1487:
713:
697:
668:
548:
146:
7339:
7319:
3944:
of the Magadha Empire (ca 600β32 BCE), King Mahapadma Nanda or his sons (ca 346β321 BCE)
5548:
5121:
4056:. The Nandas and the Mauryas appear to have patronised the religions originating in the
3084:β322 BCE, although some theories date the start of their rule to the fifth century BCE.
468:
8885:
8837:
8680:
8350:
8323:
8268:
7840:
7835:
7798:
7773:
7756:
7667:
7652:
7623:
7581:
7429:
7389:
7384:
7272:
7265:
7225:
7215:
7205:
7020:
6899:
6793:
6660:
6542:
6128:
6001:
5898:
5499:
5149:
4122:
4110:
4098:
3984:
3789:
3714:
3688:
3564:
3517:
3314:
3257:
3211:
3207:
2664:
2616:
2310:
2288:
2256:
2234:
2195:
2125:
2115:
1975:
1708:
1518:
936:
789:
730:
718:
708:
689:
633:
561:
490:
283:
184:
5087:
5070:
3913:
9597:
8880:
8690:
8515:
8340:
8328:
8283:
8278:
7921:
7808:
7603:
7576:
7549:
7527:
7505:
7349:
7329:
7255:
7240:
7084:
7037:
7025:
6951:
6843:
6717:
6712:
6687:
6569:
6277:
6235:
6080:
6040:
5941:
5924:
5877:
5862:
5848:
5821:
5817:
5777:
5762:
5751:
5703:
5382:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
5184:
5135:
4541:
4219:
4210:
4147:
3964:
Several historical sources refer to the great wealth of the Nandas. According to the
3878:
3773:
3727:
3657:
3636:
3632:
3606:
3458:
3385:
3348:
3253:
3224:
3097:
2586:
2526:
2351:
1745:
1698:
1678:
1552:
1535:
1497:
1477:
1412:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1119:
775:
763:
586:
573:
567:
533:
270:
5639:
4129:
mentions Nandaraja constructing canal 103rd year of the Nanda period. According to
9178:
9085:
8890:
8695:
8563:
8355:
8293:
7813:
7554:
7544:
7510:
7439:
7434:
7361:
7151:
7133:
7094:
7089:
7069:
7064:
6936:
6929:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6803:
6741:
6722:
6643:
5996:
5869:
5769:
5577:
5542:
5524:
5516:
5460:
5316:
3832:
3819:
3769:
3560:
3509:
3471:
3432:
2706:
2696:
2576:
2566:
2496:
2331:
2321:
2205:
2135:
1917:
1837:
1321:
1269:
1137:
781:
723:
598:
480:
457:
451:
3822:; and 2,000 four-horse chariots. Diodorus gives the number of elephants as 4,000.
5335:
5310:
5289:
5240:
5104:
9552:
9173:
9168:
8723:
8416:
8333:
7989:
7969:
7532:
7517:
7366:
7079:
6988:
6978:
6904:
6552:
6547:
6185:
6178:
6061:
6035:
5843:
5813:
5474:
4033:
3900:
3808:
3650:
3592:
3479:
3445:
3420:
3364:
3354:
3302:
3242:
3230:
2726:
2686:
2646:
2045:
1907:
1897:
834:
807:
661:
169:
84:
55:
3912:). According to this tradition, notable grammarians such as Varsha, Upavarsha,
3598:
The Kasheyas were the residents of the area around Kashi, that is, present-day
3440:
empires, including during the rule of predecessors and successors of the Nandas
3256:
dates the Nanda rule from 364/345 BCE to 324 BCE, based on the assumption that
8728:
8243:
7559:
7376:
7250:
7210:
7143:
6247:
6057:
4197:
4005:
3941:
3870:
3853:
3812:
3661:
3568:
3467:
3172:
3104:
2636:
2536:
2246:
1020:
911:
769:
403:
308:
4525:
9572:
9562:
9542:
9156:
9144:
9132:
8733:
7449:
7220:
7104:
7074:
6855:
6729:
6520:
5990:
4151:
4130:
4081:
3988:
3966:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3909:
3750:
3735:
3696:
3610:
3556:
3536:
3532:
3282:
3235:
3201:
3196:
3153:
2606:
475:
5400:
4887:
4885:
4285:
4283:
9567:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9127:
8792:
8248:
7995:
7983:
6850:
6633:
6591:
6530:
6417:
The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century
6068:
5951:
5809:
5635:
5627:
5581:
5572:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4201:
4193:
4168:
4049:
4045:
4000:
3996:
mentions the "five treasures of king Nanda's seven precious substances".
3993:
3823:
3677:
3599:
3552:
3548:
3306:
3298:
2956:
1867:
1332:
1109:
1099:
485:
409:
391:
98:
94:
4533:
3631:
Agrammes (identified as a Nanda king) if he advanced eastwards from the
3274:
to mean that "Nandaraja" (the Nanda king) flourished in year 103 of the
9537:
9522:
8832:
8718:
8525:
7934:
6763:
6692:
6648:
6564:
6503:
6149:
6075:
5976:
5957:
5805:
5678:
5631:
5593:
5586:
4138:
4134:
4102:
4072:
4061:
4053:
3905:
3643:
3624:
3576:
3525:
3501:
3453:
3437:
3373:
3336:
3160:
3063:
2165:
1070:
556:
502:
379:
102:
5337:
Readings in political history of India: Ancient, Mediaeval, and Modern
3474:
valley) and the Prasii (probably a transcription of the Sanskrit word
9577:
9183:
8548:
8253:
6596:
6471:
6112:
5683:
5598:
5530:
5456:
5072:
Proceedinds And Transactions Of The Second Oriental Conference (1923)
4177:
4106:
3866:
3849:
3722:
3718:
3684:
3497:
3493:
3176:
3116:
1965:
74:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4474:
4472:
4470:
3753:
in southern India. However, these inscriptions are relatively late (
3520:
region in Central India, which made it possible for their successor
4992:
4990:
4965:
4963:
4926:
4924:
4826:
Explaining Monetary and Financial Innovation: A Historical Analysis
4794:
4792:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4553:
4551:
4438:
4436:
4434:
9582:
8787:
8553:
7230:
4406:
4404:
4402:
3976:
3935:
3588:
3449:
859:
397:
316:
312:
5134:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
4860:
4858:
3815:(Greek: Hyphasis), beyond which the Nanda territory was located.
8558:
8345:
5643:
5484:
5340:. B.R. / Indian Society for Prehistoric and Quaternary Studies.
4598:
3605:
The Ikshvakus ruled the historical Kosala region of present-day
2626:
7938:
6444:
5404:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4491:
4489:
4487:
5291:
Jaina Sources of the History of Ancient India: 100 BC - AD 900
4421:
4419:
3531:
The Puranas state that the Nanda king Mahapadma destroyed the
3190:
The Buddhist tradition calls the Nandas "of unknown lineage" (
5151:
Old Brahmi Inscriptions In The Udayagiri And Khandagiri Caves
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
5315:. A People's History of India. Aligarh Historians Society /
3492:
The Nanda empire appears to have stretched from present-day
3352:
assigns him an incredibly long reign of 88 years, while the
348:
5089:
Annual Report Of The Archaeological Survey Of India 1921β22
4246:
variously dated from 5th century BCE or mid-4th century BCE
4071:
was supported by several smaller kings, who patronised the
3683:
The Kalingas occupied the coastal territory in present-day
3613:
is obscure. A passage of the 11th century story-collection
6440:
3691:. The Nanda control of this region is corroborated by the
3478:
s, literally "easterners"). According to the later writer
4891:
4374:
4289:
3811:. In the summer of 326 BCE, Alexander's army reached the
3508:β suggests that the Nandas controlled eastern India, the
54:
Possible extent of the Nanda Empire under its last ruler
4204:
describe Chandragupta as a "son of the genuine Nanda" (
4192:, who was supported by his mentor (and later minister)
4125:, Nanda era is mentioned in three sources. Kharavela's
3649:
The Kuru territory, which included the sacred site of
3516:. It is also highly probable that they controlled the
3103:
Modern historians generally identify the ruler of the
4224:
overthrow of the Nanda dynasty was a violent affair.
4084:. Sthulabhadra's brother Shriyaka accepted the post.
4044:
The Nanda empire's population included adherents of
9496:
9444:
9401:
9392:
9296:
9241:
9192:
9116:
9061:
9052:
8980:
8955:
8922:
8911:
8851:
8808:
8801:
8780:
8773:
8742:
8704:
8666:
8655:
8648:
8609:
8583:
8576:
8539:
8498:
8489:
8476:
8449:
8415:
8385:
8376:
8302:
8234:
8225:
8180:
8147:
8045:
8012:
8003:
7906:
7858:
7737:
7375:
6779:
6478:
6410:, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
5106:
Memoirs of the archaeological survey of India no.30
5056:
5044:
4849:
4721:
4664:
4478:
4442:
4175:, indicating that they did not follow the norms of
304:
209:
194:
180:
153:
130:
116:
108:
90:
80:
70:
23:
5183:
5020:
4996:
4981:
4969:
4954:
4942:
4930:
4903:
4876:
4810:
4798:
4783:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4709:
4688:
4676:
4638:
4569:
4557:
4410:
4097:A granite stone fragment of an arch discovered by
5126:. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 71β72.
4614:
4823:Bernholz, Peter; Vaubel, Roland (26 June 2014).
4459:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUpinder_Singh2016 (
4133:, the Sri-Harsha era was being used in areas of
3436:An estimate of the territorial evolution of the
9074:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
5224:(Second ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
4915:
4864:
3762:
3660:valley in central India, with their capital at
5164:
5032:
5008:
4626:
4425:
4393:
4109:. The wedge-shaped stone with indentation has
3539:said to have been exterminated by him include
8632:Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests
7950:
6456:
5416:
4602:
4495:
4454:
4024:, a commentary on Panini's grammar, mentions
3462:. The Puranas also connect the Nandas to the
3039:
998:
8:
7913:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy
3245:and Vivekanand Jha date the Nanda rule from
8596:Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4113:on two sides and was suspended vertically.
3535:, and attained undisputed sovereignty. The
3087:The Nandas built on the successes of their
9398:
9058:
8919:
8805:
8777:
8663:
8652:
8591:Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
8580:
8495:
8486:
8382:
8231:
8009:
7957:
7943:
7935:
7734:
6463:
6449:
6441:
5423:
5409:
5401:
3380:According to the Sri Lankan Buddhist text
3297:died on the same night as the Jain leader
3046:
3032:
1043:
1016:
1005:
991:
323:
20:
9629:4th-century BC disestablishments in India
3952:different symbols including an elephant.
5444:
5440:
4208:). Dhundiraja, in his commentary on the
3908:), but also of the goddess of learning (
3431:
8622:Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests
6299:
5186:History and Historians in Ancient India
4259:
4239:
3167:, and claim that he was the son of the
3138:The Jain tradition, as recorded in the
1019:
337:
326:
9624:4th-century BC establishments in India
5980:Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
4036:probably belongs to the Nanda period.
3676:successors of Palaka, the son of king
6177:
5994:
5923:
5896:
5847:
5842:
4892:Irfan Habib & Vivekanand Jha 2004
4375:Irfan Habib & Vivekanand Jha 2004
4290:Irfan Habib & Vivekanand Jha 2004
3970:, the last Nanda king was a treasure-
3642:The Shurasenas ruled the area around
208:
193:
189:
152:
129:
125:
115:
7:
5309:Irfan Habib; Vivekanand Jha (2004).
5270:Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism
4346:. Atlantic Publishers. p. 313.
3780:ruled it : after whom were the
8617:Western Himalayan broadleaf forests
3077:, they appear to have ruled during
8601:Himalayan subtropical pine forests
5120:K P Jayaswal; R D Banerji (1920).
962:List of Inventions and Discoveries
14:
9326:DehradunβHaridwarβRishikesh Metro
8627:TeraiβDuar savanna and grasslands
8432:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
8427:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
5361:Chandragupta Maurya and His Times
3721:region. According to one theory,
3444:The Nanda capital was located at
9093:Monuments of National Importance
6290:References and sources for table
5214:"India in the Age of the Nandas"
5190:. Abhinav Publications. p.
5129:
5069:The Calcutta University (1923).
4305:A Historical atlas of South Asia
4302:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3305:and captured the Avanti capital
3238:assigns 29 years to the Nandas.
1027:
481:Spread of Jainism β Parshvanatha
288:
263:
249:
48:
9108:Tourist attractions in Dehradun
3928:lived during the Nanda period.
3512:valley, and at least a part of
9365:Institutes of higher education
4312:. p. 145, map XIV.1 (a).
3974:, and amassed wealth worth 80
3163:name the dynasty's founder as
1281:Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
957:Science and Technology History
1:
8397:Ceded and Conquered Provinces
8105:Provincial Armed Constabulary
5222:Age of the Nandas and Mauryas
4067:In the pre-Nanda period, the
3754:
3704: 1st or 2nd century BCE
3700:
3583:The Maithala (literally, "of
3483:
3340:
3281:The 14th century Jain writer
3261:
3246:
3078:
2211:
1950:
1923:
1822:
1801:
1724:
1663:
1592:
1575:
1558:
1541:
1524:
1503:
1418:
1401:
1155:
215:
200:
156:
133:
59:
38:
31:
9032:Parliamentary constituencies
8968:Community Development Blocks
8464:Bifurcation of Uttar Pradesh
6419:, Cambridge University Press
6387:, Cambridge University Press
6117:Decline of Buddhism in India
5554:Northern Black Polished Ware
5182:Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1984).
5103:Chandra, Ramaprasad (1927).
4829:. Springer. pp. 61β62.
4229:Conquest of the Nanda Empire
1366:Northern Black Polished Ware
486:Spread of Jainism β Mahavira
8100:Fire and Emergency Services
6385:An Introduction to Hinduism
5385:. Pearson Education India.
5288:Jyoti Prasad Jain (2005) .
5123:Epigraphia Indica Volume XX
4518:Indian Sociological Society
4310:University of Chicago Press
4060:region, namely Jainism and
3805:invaded north-western India
3289:, states that king Chandra
2962:Influence on Southeast Asia
887:Dynasties in Indian History
9655:
6408:Hinduism. Past and present
6278:Chera Perumals of Makkotai
6236:Chera Perumals of Makkotai
5628:Rise of Shramana movements
5148:Barua, Benimadhab (1929).
5086:Spooner, Brainerd (1924).
4226:
4158:Unpopularity and overthrow
3713:The Ashmakas occupied the
3619:refers to the Nanda camp (
3142:and the 12th-century text
1344:Black and Red ware culture
882:Timeline of Indian History
9382:Uttarakhand Gaurav Samman
9098:State Protected Monuments
8137:Provincial Forest Service
8132:Provincial Police Service
8122:Public Service Commission
7976:
6415:Samuel, Geoffrey (2010),
6287:
6184:
6163:Pandyan kingdom (revival)
6148:
6127:
6102:
6074:
6034:
6029:
5970:
5856:
5791:
5749:
5728:
5712:
5701:
5694:
5677:
5661:
5647:
5618:
5611:
5557:
5539:
5536:Painted Grey Ware culture
5521:
5513:
5497:
5473:
5470:
5465:
5452:
5447:
5438:
4093:Pataliputra Voussoir Arch
3827:to mislead the invaders.
3179:class, the lowest of the
1355:Painted Grey Ware culture
1227:Indus Valley Civilisation
438:Indus Valley Civilization
228:
224:
190:
176:
126:
47:
30:
16:Ruling dynasty of Magadha
9634:History of Uttar Pradesh
8172:Leader of the Opposition
8127:Provincial Civil Service
6383:Flood, Gavin D. (1996),
5972:"Golden Age of Hinduism"
5937:Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom
5853:Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
5614:Persian-Greek influences
5432:Middle kingdoms of India
5294:. Munshiram Manoharlal.
5239:Ian Worthington (2014).
5057:Johannes Bronkhorst 2011
5045:Johannes Bronkhorst 2011
4850:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1984
4722:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1984
4665:Johannes Bronkhorst 2011
4526:10.1177/0038022920020202
4479:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1984
4443:Dilip Kumar Ganguly 1984
2006:Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
1986:Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
1587:Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
595:, c. 228 BCE β c. 224 CE
469:Rise of ΕramaαΉa movement
444:Post Indus Valley Period
388:, c. 7600 β c. 1000 BCE
9020:Assembly constituencies
8402:North-Western Provinces
8095:Disaster Response Force
6406:Michaels, Axel (2004),
6104:Late-Classical Hinduism
5364:. Motilal Banarsidass.
5334:R. C. Majumdar (1976).
5247:Oxford University Press
5021:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4997:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4982:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4970:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4955:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4943:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4931:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4904:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4877:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4811:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4799:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4784:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4765:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4753:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4741:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4710:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4689:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4677:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4639:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4570:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4558:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4411:H. C. Raychaudhuri 1988
4146:, Nanda era along with
4127:Hathigumpha inscription
3693:Hathigumpha inscription
3656:The Haihayas ruled the
3524:to conquer present-day
3506:Hathigumpha inscription
3339:, compiled in India in
3278:, that is, in 424 BCE.
3272:Hathigumpha inscription
2106:Western Chalukya Empire
1249:Mature Harappan culture
630:, c. 606 CE β c. 647 CE
454:, c. 1500 β c. 500 BCE
448:, c. 1700 β c. 1500 BCE
440:, c. 3300 β c. 1700 BCE
9372:Awards and decorations
9360:School Education Board
8945:Municipal Corporations
8254:Khasa Janapada kingdom
5490:Middle Gangetic Plain
5379:Upinder Singh (2008).
5218:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
4615:Jyoti Prasad Jain 2005
4184:The Nanda dynasty was
4181:or righteous conduct.
3961:
3890:Ministers and scholars
3794:
3788:; and after them the (
3441:
3012:Science and technology
1396:Three Crowned Kingdoms
1238:Early Harappan culture
1053:(2,500,000β250,000 BC)
952:Paper Currency History
810:, c. 1799 β c. 1849 CE
804:, c. 1760 β c. 1799 CE
798:, c. 1757 β c. 1858 CE
792:, c. 1674 β c. 1818 CE
784:, c. 1576 β c. 1757 CE
460:, c. 1200 β c. 500 BCE
416:South Indian Neolithic
353:
211:β’ Disestablished
9025:Former constituencies
9003:2016 political crisis
8988:Coolie-Begar movement
7883:Medieval great powers
6019:Western Ganga Dynasty
5886: 1st century BCE
5874:Early Pandyan kingdom
5839: 2nd century BCE
5799:(ca. 200 BC - 300 CE)
5793:Preclassical Hinduism
5774:Early Pandyan kingdom
5746: 3rd century BCE
5691: 4th century BCE
5658: 5th century BCE
5568: 6th century BCE
5493:Lower Gangetic Plain
5481:Upper Gangetic Plain
4510:Sociological Bulletin
4343:Kautilyan Arthasastra
4340:M. B. Chande (1998).
4026:Nandopakramani manani
3939:
3435:
3344: 4th century CE
2915:Specialised histories
2186:Kalachuris of Kalyani
2176:Kalachuris of Tripuri
1858:Western Ganga Kingdom
1786:Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
1736:Western Satrap Empire
1719:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
1709:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
1260:Late Harappan culture
1021:History of South Asia
927:Philosophical History
907:Architectural History
841:Independence Movement
677:, c. 973 β c. 1187 CE
671:, c. 848 β c. 1251 CE
648:, c. 760 β c. 973 CE
352:
9266:Association football
9259:Women's cricket team
8459:Rampur Tiraha firing
8155:Legislative Assembly
8063:Council of Ministers
7993:(summer); judicial:
7893:European colonialism
7878:Ancient great powers
6369:Michaels (2004) p.41
6360:Michaels (2004) p.40
6342:Michaels (2004) p.39
6324:Michaels (2004) p.39
6261:Kamboja-Pala dynasty
5893: 1st century CE
4916:Ian Worthington 2014
4865:Ian Worthington 2014
3884:Chota Nagpur Plateau
2433:Ahmadnagar Sultanate
2235:Late medieval period
2146:Eastern Ganga Empire
1878:Vishnukundina Empire
977:Wars involving India
850:, 1947 CE β present
675:2nd Chalukya Dynasty
636:, c. 724 β c. 760 CE
601:, c. 240 β c. 550 CE
510:1700 – 682 BCE
446:(Cemetery H Culture)
9619:Dynasties of Bengal
9271:Men's football team
9069:World Heritage Site
9037:Rajya Sabha members
7888:Modern great powers
6220:Rashtrakuta dynasty
5672:Shaishunaga dynasty
5622:Second Urbanisation
5467:Indo-Gangetic Plain
5265:Johannes Bronkhorst
5165:R. K. Mookerji 1966
5033:R. K. Mookerji 1966
5009:R. K. Mookerji 1966
4918:, pp. 251β253.
4627:R. C. Majumdar 1976
4426:R. K. Mookerji 1966
4394:R. K. Mookerji 1966
4190:Chandragupta Maurya
3940:A silver coin of 1
3802:Alexander the Great
3522:Chandragupta Maurya
3464:Shaishunaga dynasty
3109:Alexander the Great
3094:Chandragupta Maurya
3068:Shaishunaga dynasty
2515:Early modern period
2362:Vijayanagara Empire
2342:Chitradurga Kingdom
2036:Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
1448:Shaishunaga dynasty
932:History of Religion
897:Demographic History
862:, 1950 CE β present
829:The Great Rebellion
772:, 1538/40 β 1556 CE
646:Tripartite Struggle
589:, c. 30 β c. 375 CE
520:Shaishunaga Dynasty
508:Brihadratha Dynasty
257:Shaishunaga dynasty
196:β’ Established
9254:Men's cricket team
9209:Govind Pashu Vihar
8993:Statehood movement
8940:Urban Local Bodies
8363:Anglo-Nepalese War
8244:Uttarakuru kingdom
6351:Hiltebeitel (2002)
6333:Hiltebeitel (2002)
6031:Hephthalite Empire
5867:(300 BCE β 200 CE)
5858:Satavahana dynasty
5844:Indo-Greek Kingdom
5767:(300 BCE β 200 CE)
5758:Satavahana dynasty
5731:Spread of Buddhism
5453:Northwestern India
5210:H. C. Raychaudhuri
4603:Upinder Singh 2008
4496:Upinder Singh 2008
4455:Upinder Singh 2016
4217:The Buddhist text
4030:punch-marked coins
4015:H. C. Raychaudhuri
3962:
3948:different symbols
3858:H. C. Raychaudhuri
3786:Kalachuryya family
3740:Punch marked coins
3695:of the later king
3673:Bhavishyanukirtana
3448:(near present-day
3442:
3396:(Uggasena in Pali)
3372:, an 18th-century
3150:Parishishta-parvan
3145:Parishishta-parvan
2992:Partition of India
2857:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2805:Regional histories
2750:National histories
2637:Travancore Kingdom
2607:Thondaiman Kingdom
2477:Golkonda Sultanate
2086:Somavamshi Kingdom
2056:Rashtrakuta Empire
1996:Rashidun Caliphate
1918:Kabul Shahi Empire
1766:Nagas of Padmavati
1689:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1629:(230 BC β AD 1206)
1322:Vedic Civilisation
1270:Vedic Civilisation
1167:Ahar-Banas culture
902:Linguistic History
657:Rastrakuta Dynasty
593:Satavahana Dynasty
557:Kingdom of Magadha
536:, c. 600 β 345 BCE
503:Kingdom of Magadha
476:Later Vedic Period
464:Early Vedic period
452:Vedic civilization
354:
9614:Kingdoms of Bihar
9591:
9590:
9492:
9491:
9436:Udham Singh Nagar
9377:Uttarakhand Ratna
9321:Char Dham Railway
9316:Char Dham Highway
9237:
9236:
9229:Valley of Flowers
9042:Lok Sabha members
8976:
8975:
8907:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8899:
8898:
8769:
8768:
8644:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8572:
8571:
8511:Garhwal Himalayas
8472:
8471:
8445:
8444:
8368:Treaty of Sugauli
8221:
8220:
8115:Police Department
8110:Forest Department
7932:
7931:
7854:
7853:
7819:PolishβLithuanian
6994:Gurjara-Pratihara
6438:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6270:Eastern Chalukyas
6266:Kalyani Chalukyas
6224:Eastern Chalukyas
6213:Gurjara-Pratihara
6206: 9th century
6191:Eastern Chalukyas
6174: 8th century
6159:Eastern Chalukyas
6145:Mlechchha dynasty
6124: 7th century
6106:(ca. CE 650-1100)
6053: 6th century
6026: 5th century
5986: 4th century
5932: 3rd century
5920: 2nd century
5830:Mahayana Buddhism
5797:"Hindu Synthesis"
5664:Persian conquests
5549:Shramanic culture
5485:Ganga-Yamuna doab
5392:978-81-317-1677-9
5371:978-81-208-0405-0
5326:978-81-85229-92-8
5280:978-90-04-20140-8
5256:978-0-19-992986-3
5231:978-81-208-0466-1
5201:978-0-391-03250-7
5059:, pp. 30β31.
4984:, pp. 25β26.
4957:, pp. 21β22.
4836:978-3-319-06109-2
4767:, pp. 17β18.
4755:, pp. 18β19.
4724:, pp. 19β20.
4691:, pp. 19β20.
4679:, pp. 17β20.
4629:, pp. 59β60.
4572:, pp. 22β23.
3797:Military strength
3096:, founder of the
3056:
3055:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2655:
2654:
2557:Thanjavur Kingdom
2505:
2504:
2466:Bijapur Sultanate
2422:Deccan sultanates
2300:Tughlaq Sultanate
2247:Ghaznavid Dynasty
2225:
2224:
2096:Chaulukya Kingdom
2026:Mallabhum kingdom
2016:Umayyad Caliphate
1756:Bharshiva Dynasty
1652:(200 BC β AD 300)
1642:(230 BC β AD 220)
1638:Satavahana Empire
1616:
1615:
1612:(247 BC β AD 224)
1468:Macedonian Empire
1442:(450 BC β AD 489)
1430:Achaemenid Empire
1300:
1299:
1205:
1204:
1128:
1127:
1078:
1077:
1062:Madrasian culture
1015:
1014:
942:Education History
860:Republic of India
854:Dominion of India
848:Independent India
837:, 1858 β 1947 CE
802:Kingdom of Mysore
778:, 1556 β 1857 CE
700:, 1206 β 1526 CE
652:Pratihara dynasty
375:Madrasian culture
322:
321:
300:
299:
296:
295:
276:
275:
9646:
9399:
9162:Kedarnath Temple
9150:Badrinath Temple
9138:Yamunotri Temple
9059:
8920:
8806:
8778:
8761:Scheduled Tribes
8756:Scheduled Castes
8748:Scheduled Tribes
8744:Scheduled Castes
8664:
8653:
8581:
8496:
8487:
8437:United Provinces
8383:
8259:Himalaya kingdom
8232:
8010:
7959:
7952:
7945:
7936:
7735:
7400:Austro-Hungarian
7100:Chagatai Khanate
6465:
6458:
6451:
6442:
6420:
6411:
6402:
6393:Hiltebeitel, Alf
6388:
6370:
6367:
6361:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6334:
6331:
6325:
6322:
6316:
6313:
6307:
6304:
6155:Badami Chalukyas
6150:Adivasi (tribes)
6140:Empire of Harsha
6136:Vakataka dynasty
6089:Kalabhra dynasty
6085:Badami Chalukyas
6076:Adivasi (tribes)
6045:Kalabhra dynasty
6011:Kalabhra dynasty
6007:Andhra Ikshvakus
5974:(ca. CE 320-650)
5958:Adivasi (tribes)
5826:Smarta Tradition
5679:Adivasi (tribes)
5594:Adivasi (tribes)
5450:cultural period
5445:
5441:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5402:
5396:
5375:
5351:
5330:
5305:
5284:
5260:
5235:
5205:
5189:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5066:
5060:
5054:
5048:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5000:
4994:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4787:
4781:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4750:
4744:
4738:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4692:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4651:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4546:
4545:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4482:
4476:
4465:
4464:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4429:
4423:
4414:
4408:
4397:
4391:
4378:
4372:
4361:
4360:
4337:
4324:
4323:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4247:
4244:
4206:purva-Nanda-suta
4069:Vedic Brahmanism
3759:
3756:
3705:
3702:
3669:Pradyota dynasty
3616:Kathasaritsagara
3488:
3485:
3345:
3342:
3266:
3263:
3251:
3248:
3204:(or Kakavarna).
3194:). According to
3083:
3080:
3048:
3041:
3034:
2997:Pakistan studies
2837:Himachal Pradesh
2677:Portuguese India
2673:
2672:
2669:
2627:Sikh Confederacy
2523:
2522:
2519:
2372:Bengal Sultanate
2311:Sayyid Sultanate
2289:Khalji Sultanate
2278:Mamluk Sultanate
2243:
2242:
2239:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2156:Kakatiya Kingdom
2066:Paramara Kingdom
1959:
1955:
1952:
1928:
1925:
1868:Kamarupa Kingdom
1831:
1827:
1824:
1817:Kalabhras Empire
1810:
1806:
1803:
1729:
1726:
1713:(50 BC β AD 400)
1693:(180 BC β AD 10)
1672:
1668:
1665:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1580:
1577:
1563:
1560:
1546:
1543:
1529:
1526:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1423:
1420:
1406:
1403:
1386:Haryanka dynasty
1376:Pradyota dynasty
1318:
1317:
1314:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1160:
1157:
1150:Anarta tradition
1146:
1145:
1142:
1110:Mehrgarh culture
1100:Bhirrana culture
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:(10,800β3300 BC)
1058:
1057:
1054:
1044:
1031:
1017:
1007:
1000:
993:
967:Military History
922:Literary History
892:Economic History
876:Related articles
856:, 1947 β 1950 CE
831:, 1857 β 1858 CE
766:, 1526 β 1540 CE
745:, 1342 β 1576 CE
743:Bengal Sultanate
739:, 1336 β 1646 CE
733:, 1251 β 1618 CE
634:Karakota Dynasty
628:Harsha's Dynasty
622:Chalukya Dynasty
514:Haryanka Dynasty
491:Rise of Buddhism
382:, c. 500,000 BCE
342:
324:
292:
291:
280:
279:
267:
266:
253:
252:
246:
245:
230:
229:
220:
217:
205:
202:
165:
161:
158:
142:
138:
135:
64:
61:
52:
43:
40:
36:
33:
21:
9654:
9653:
9649:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9644:
9643:
9594:
9593:
9592:
9587:
9499:
9488:
9440:
9388:
9343:Kumaoni cuisine
9299:
9292:
9283:Olympic Stadium
9278:Cricket Stadium
9233:
9195:
9188:
9119:
9112:
9048:
9013:Local elections
8998:Chipko movement
8972:
8951:
8914:
8895:
8847:
8797:
8765:
8747:
8745:
8738:
8700:
8658:
8636:
8605:
8568:
8535:
8506:Great Himalayas
8491:
8481:
8479:
8468:
8451:
8441:
8418:
8411:
8407:Agra Presidency
8388:
8378:
8372:
8329:Katyuri dynasty
8312:Garhwal Kingdom
8304:
8298:
8289:Kuninda Kingdom
8264:Parvata kingdom
8249:Paurava kingdom
8236:
8217:
8176:
8143:
8075:Chief Secretary
8041:
7999:
7981:: legislative:
7972:
7963:
7933:
7928:
7917:American Empire
7902:
7898:African empires
7850:
7733:
7425:Central African
7371:
7189:Romano-Germanic
6775:
6509:Middle Assyrian
6482:
6474:
6469:
6439:
6434:
6425:
6424:
6423:
6414:
6405:
6391:
6382:
6373:
6368:
6364:
6359:
6355:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6337:
6332:
6328:
6323:
6319:
6314:
6310:
6305:
6301:
6291:
6280:
6276:
6274:Medieval Cholas
6272:
6268:
6259:
6234:
6232:Medieval Cholas
6230:
6228:Pandyan kingdom
6226:
6222:
6197:
6195:Pandyan kingdom
6193:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6138:
6115:
6109:Advaita Vedanta
6107:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6060:
6047:
6043:
6017:
6015:Kadamba Dynasty
6013:
6009:
6000:
5979:
5975:
5947:Western Satraps
5909:Kuninda Kingdom
5901:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5868:
5866:
5860:
5851:
5828:
5800:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5697:Greek conquests
5630:
5626:
5552:
5546:
5534:
5528:
5482:
5454:
5449:
5434:
5429:
5399:
5393:
5378:
5372:
5354:
5348:
5333:
5327:
5308:
5302:
5287:
5281:
5263:
5257:
5238:
5232:
5208:
5202:
5181:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5167:, pp. 5β6.
5163:
5159:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5130:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5055:
5051:
5043:
5039:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5015:
5007:
5003:
4995:
4988:
4980:
4976:
4968:
4961:
4953:
4949:
4941:
4937:
4929:
4922:
4914:
4910:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4863:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4837:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4809:
4805:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4771:
4763:
4759:
4751:
4747:
4739:
4728:
4720:
4716:
4708:
4695:
4687:
4683:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4633:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4556:
4549:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4494:
4485:
4477:
4468:
4458:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4432:
4424:
4417:
4409:
4400:
4392:
4381:
4373:
4364:
4354:
4339:
4338:
4327:
4320:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4288:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4160:
4144:Vikramaditya VI
4119:
4090:
4058:Greater Magadha
4042:
4011:Cyrus the Great
3983:A verse by the
3934:
3892:
3842:
3799:
3766:Kuntala country
3757:
3747:Kuntala country
3703:
3496:in the west to
3486:
3430:
3428:Imperial extent
3425:
3343:
3323:
3264:
3249:
3220:
3140:Avashyaka Sutra
3125:
3081:
3052:
3023:
3022:
3021:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2751:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2670:
2667:
2665:Colonial states
2657:
2656:
2547:Madurai Kingdom
2520:
2517:
2507:
2506:
2455:Bidar Sultanate
2444:Berar sultanate
2412:Ladakh Kingdom
2402:Gajapati Empire
2382:Garhwal Kingdom
2267:Delhi Sultanate
2240:
2237:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2196:Chutiya Kingdom
2166:Zamorin Kingdom
1957:
1953:
1945:Maukhari Empire
1935:Chalukya Empire
1926:
1888:Maitraka Empire
1829:
1825:
1808:
1804:
1796:Vakataka Empire
1776:Sasanian Empire
1727:
1670:
1666:
1648:Kuninda Kingdom
1631:
1628:
1626:Middle Kingdoms
1618:
1617:
1608:Parthian Empire
1599:
1595:
1578:
1561:
1544:
1527:
1510:
1506:
1421:
1404:
1315:
1312:
1302:
1301:
1220:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1158:
1143:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1120:Edakkal culture
1093:
1090:
1080:
1079:
1071:Soanian culture
1055:
1052:
1041:
1011:
982:
981:
947:Coinage History
937:Musical History
877:
869:
868:
867:
823:
815:
814:
813:
758:
750:
749:
748:
698:Delhi Sultanate
692:
682:
681:
680:
616:
606:
605:
604:
564:, 322 β 185 BCE
551:
541:
540:
539:
528:, 345 β 322 BCE
445:
433:
425:
424:
423:
418:3000 β 1000 BCE
412:7000 β 2600 BCE
394:7570 β 6200 BCE
369:
340:
333:
315:
311:
289:
264:
250:
218:
212:
203:
197:
166:
163:
159:
143:
140:
136:
101:
97:
66:
62:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9652:
9650:
9642:
9641:
9639:Former empires
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9596:
9595:
9589:
9588:
9586:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9504:
9502:
9494:
9493:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9450:
9448:
9442:
9441:
9439:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9407:
9405:
9396:
9390:
9389:
9387:
9386:
9385:
9384:
9379:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9352:
9347:
9346:
9345:
9335:
9330:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9304:
9302:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9290:
9288:Sports College
9285:
9280:
9275:
9274:
9273:
9263:
9262:
9261:
9256:
9245:
9243:
9239:
9238:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9200:
9198:
9190:
9189:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9165:
9164:
9154:
9153:
9152:
9142:
9141:
9140:
9130:
9124:
9122:
9114:
9113:
9111:
9110:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9081:Ramsar Wetland
9078:
9077:
9076:
9065:
9063:
9056:
9050:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9045:
9044:
9039:
9029:
9028:
9027:
9017:
9016:
9015:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8984:
8982:
8978:
8977:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8970:
8965:
8959:
8957:
8953:
8952:
8950:
8949:
8948:
8947:
8937:
8932:
8926:
8924:
8917:
8913:Administrative
8909:
8908:
8905:
8904:
8901:
8900:
8897:
8896:
8894:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8863:
8857:
8855:
8849:
8848:
8846:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8814:
8812:
8803:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8795:
8790:
8784:
8782:
8775:
8771:
8770:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8763:
8758:
8752:
8750:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8710:
8708:
8706:Tibeto-Burmans
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8672:
8670:
8661:
8650:
8646:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8613:
8611:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8587:
8585:
8578:
8574:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8567:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8545:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8521:Mountain peaks
8518:
8513:
8508:
8502:
8500:
8493:
8484:
8474:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8455:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8423:
8421:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8393:
8391:
8380:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8359:
8358:
8351:Gorkha Kingdom
8348:
8343:
8338:
8337:
8336:
8331:
8324:Kumaon Kingdom
8321:
8320:
8319:
8317:Panwar dynasty
8308:
8306:
8300:
8299:
8297:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8269:Kirata kingdom
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8240:
8238:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8216:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8184:
8182:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8071:
8070:
8060:
8058:Chief Minister
8055:
8049:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8018:
8016:
8007:
8001:
8000:
7979:State capitals
7977:
7974:
7973:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7954:
7947:
7939:
7930:
7929:
7927:
7926:
7925:
7924:
7919:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7862:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7827:
7826:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7770:
7769:
7764:
7754:
7749:
7743:
7741:
7732:
7731:
7730:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7699:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7682:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7655:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7633:
7632:
7631:
7626:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7601:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7568:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7520:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7508:
7498:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7464:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7427:
7422:
7421:
7420:
7415:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7312:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7196:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6960:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6939:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6880:
6879:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6853:
6848:
6847:
6846:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6781:Post-classical
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6761:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6749:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6636:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6588:
6587:
6582:
6580:Middle Kingdom
6577:
6567:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6536:Neo-Babylonian
6533:
6528:
6526:Old Babylonian
6518:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6501:
6496:
6490:
6488:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6445:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6412:
6403:
6389:
6379:
6372:
6371:
6362:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6317:
6308:
6298:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6263:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6245:
6239:
6238:
6217:
6215:
6210:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6188:
6183:
6181:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6133:
6131:
6129:Indo-Sassanids
6126:
6120:
6119:
6101:
6093:
6092:
6078:
6073:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6004:
6002:Varman dynasty
5993:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5969:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5903:Indo-Parthians
5899:Indo-Scythians
5895:
5889:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5855:
5846:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5790:
5782:
5781:
5755:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5719:
5718:
5715:HISTORICAL AGE
5710:
5709:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5674:
5669:
5667:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5617:
5610:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5589:
5584:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5538:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5503:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5478:
5477:
5475:Southern India
5472:
5471:Central India
5469:
5464:
5451:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5405:
5398:
5397:
5391:
5376:
5370:
5356:R. K. Mookerji
5352:
5346:
5331:
5325:
5306:
5300:
5285:
5279:
5261:
5255:
5236:
5230:
5206:
5200:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5157:
5140:
5112:
5095:
5078:
5061:
5049:
5037:
5035:, p. 215.
5025:
5013:
5001:
4986:
4974:
4959:
4947:
4935:
4920:
4908:
4896:
4881:
4869:
4867:, p. 252.
4854:
4842:
4835:
4815:
4803:
4788:
4769:
4757:
4745:
4726:
4714:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4652:
4643:
4641:, p. 140.
4631:
4619:
4607:
4605:, p. 273.
4574:
4562:
4547:
4500:
4498:, p. 272.
4483:
4466:
4457:, p. 273.
4447:
4430:
4415:
4398:
4379:
4362:
4352:
4325:
4318:
4294:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4159:
4156:
4118:
4115:
4111:Mauryan polish
4099:K. P. Jayaswal
4089:
4086:
4041:
4038:
3933:
3930:
3891:
3888:
3841:
3840:Administration
3838:
3798:
3795:
3758: 1200 CE
3732:
3731:
3717:valley in the
3711:
3689:Andhra Pradesh
3681:
3665:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3628:
3603:
3596:
3487: 300 BCE
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3415:
3414:Dasha-siddhaka
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3390:
3322:
3319:
3315:R. C. Majumdar
3287:Vichara-shreni
3265: 486 BCE
3258:Gautama Buddha
3219:
3216:
3212:M. N. Srinivas
3208:K. N. Panikkar
3124:
3121:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:Maratha Empire
2613:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:Sikkim Kingdom
2593:
2592:
2589:
2587:Marava Kingdom
2583:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:Keladi Kingdom
2483:
2482:
2479:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2392:Mysore Kingdom
2388:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:Lodi Sultanate
2317:
2316:
2313:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2257:Ghurid Dynasty
2253:
2252:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:Hoysala Empire
2122:
2121:
2118:
2116:Lohara Kingdom
2112:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1976:Tibetan Empire
1972:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1848:Kadamba Empire
1844:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1570:Pallava Empire
1566:
1565:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:Seleucid India
1484:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1413:Maha Janapadas
1409:
1408:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1350:
1349:
1348:(1300β1000 BC)
1346:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1285:(2000β1600 BC)
1283:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1264:(1900β1300 BC)
1262:
1255:
1254:
1253:(2600β1900 BC)
1251:
1244:
1243:
1242:(3300β2600 BC)
1240:
1233:
1232:
1231:(3300β1300 BC)
1229:
1221:
1218:(3300β1300 BC)
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1191:(1600β1300 BC)
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1171:(3000β1500 BC)
1169:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1144:
1141:(3500β1500 BC)
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1124:(5000β3000 BC)
1122:
1116:
1115:
1114:(7000β3300 BC)
1112:
1106:
1105:
1104:(7570β6200 BC)
1102:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1002:
995:
987:
984:
983:
980:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
866:
865:
864:
863:
857:
845:
844:
843:
832:
825:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
812:
811:
805:
799:
793:
790:Maratha Empire
787:
786:
785:
776:Mughal Dynasty
773:
767:
764:Mughal Dynasty
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
747:
746:
740:
734:
731:Pandyan Empire
728:
727:
726:
721:
719:Sayyid Dynasty
716:
714:Tugluq Dynasty
711:
709:Khalji Dynasty
706:
704:Mamluk Dynasty
694:
693:
688:
687:
684:
683:
679:
678:
672:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
643:
637:
631:
625:
624:, 543 β 753 CE
618:
617:
614:Early medieval
612:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
596:
590:
587:Kushan Dynasty
584:
579:
578:
577:
571:
570:, 185 β 73 BCE
568:Shunga Dynasty
565:
562:Maurya Dynasty
553:
552:
547:
546:
543:
542:
538:
537:
531:
530:
529:
523:
517:
511:
499:
498:
497:
496:
495:
494:
493:
488:
483:
473:
472:
471:
461:
449:
441:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
422:
421:
420:
419:
413:
407:
401:
395:
383:
377:
371:
370:
367:
366:
363:
362:
356:
355:
345:
344:
335:
334:
327:
320:
319:
306:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
286:
284:Maurya dynasty
277:
274:
273:
268:
260:
259:
254:
242:
241:
236:
226:
225:
222:
221:
219: 322 BCE
213:
210:
207:
206:
204: 345 BCE
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
185:Iron Age India
182:
181:Historical era
178:
177:
174:
173:
167:
164: 322 BCE
154:
151:
150:
144:
141: 340 BCE
131:
128:
127:
124:
123:
120:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
63: 325 BCE
53:
45:
44:
42: 322 BCE
35: 345 BCE
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9651:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9599:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9505:
9503:
9501:
9495:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9479:Tehri Garhwal
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9469:Pauri Garhwal
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9451:
9449:
9447:
9443:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9404:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9391:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9374:
9373:
9370:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9344:
9341:
9340:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9308:
9306:
9305:
9303:
9301:
9295:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9272:
9269:
9268:
9267:
9264:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9247:
9246:
9244:
9240:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9201:
9199:
9197:
9191:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9163:
9160:
9159:
9158:
9155:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9121:
9115:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9082:
9079:
9075:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9067:
9066:
9064:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9051:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9030:
9026:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9014:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8985:
8983:
8979:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8954:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8910:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8858:
8856:
8854:
8853:Tibeto-Burman
8850:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8819:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8807:
8804:
8800:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8779:
8776:
8772:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8741:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8703:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8669:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8654:
8651:
8647:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8608:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8592:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8582:
8579:
8575:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8516:Sivalik Hills
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8497:
8494:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8475:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8448:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8414:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8390:
8384:
8381:
8375:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8346:Raika Kingdom
8344:
8342:
8341:Khasa Kingdom
8339:
8335:
8334:Chand dynasty
8332:
8330:
8327:
8326:
8325:
8322:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8307:
8301:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8284:Kushan Empire
8282:
8280:
8279:Maurya Empire
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8224:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8193:Chief Justice
8191:
8189:
8186:
8185:
8183:
8179:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8146:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8120:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8044:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8017:
8015:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8002:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7960:
7955:
7953:
7948:
7946:
7941:
7940:
7937:
7923:
7922:Soviet empire
7920:
7918:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7907:Miscellaneous
7905:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7857:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7638:
7637:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7589:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7538:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7506:German Empire
7504:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7374:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7246:Turco-Persian
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7187:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7008:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6841:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6545:
6544:
6541:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6466:
6461:
6459:
6454:
6452:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6418:
6413:
6409:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6366:
6363:
6357:
6354:
6348:
6345:
6339:
6336:
6330:
6327:
6321:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6303:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6182:
6180:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6130:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6081:Vishnukundina
6079:
6077:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6041:Vishnukundina
6039:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5942:Kushan Empire
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5925:Kushan Empire
5921:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5863:Sangam period
5859:
5854:
5850:
5849:Shunga Empire
5845:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5822:Brahma Sutras
5819:
5818:Bhagavad Gita
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5794:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5763:Sangam period
5759:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5752:Maurya Empire
5747:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5698:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5623:
5616:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5468:
5462:
5458:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5433:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5414:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5394:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5347:9788176467841
5343:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5328:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5312:Mauryan India
5307:
5303:
5301:9788121511407
5297:
5293:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5166:
5161:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5136:public domain
5125:
5124:
5116:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5099:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5050:
5047:, p. 17.
5046:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5023:, p. 12.
5022:
5017:
5014:
5011:, p. 42.
5010:
5005:
5002:
4999:, p. 24.
4998:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4972:, p. 25.
4971:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4948:
4945:, p. 11.
4944:
4939:
4936:
4933:, p. 21.
4932:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4912:
4909:
4906:, p. 16.
4905:
4900:
4897:
4894:, p. 14.
4893:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4879:, p. 15.
4878:
4873:
4870:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4852:, p. 36.
4851:
4846:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4828:
4827:
4819:
4816:
4813:, p. 13.
4812:
4807:
4804:
4801:, p. 20.
4800:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4786:, p. 18.
4785:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4758:
4754:
4749:
4746:
4743:, p. 19.
4742:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4712:, p. 17.
4711:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4673:
4670:
4667:, p. 12.
4666:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4620:
4617:, p. 25.
4616:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4560:, p. 23.
4559:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4481:, p. 23.
4480:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4451:
4448:
4445:, p. 20.
4444:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4428:, p. 14.
4427:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4413:, p. 14.
4412:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4377:, p. 12.
4376:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4353:9788171567331
4349:
4345:
4344:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4298:
4295:
4292:, p. 13.
4291:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4243:
4240:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:Milinda Panha
4215:
4213:
4212:
4211:Vishnu Purana
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4123:K. P Jayaswal
4121:According to
4116:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4013:), historian
4012:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3999:Greek writer
3997:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3880:
3879:Upinder Singh
3876:
3875:D. D. Kosambi
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3774:Mauryya kings
3771:
3767:
3761:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3728:Vindhya range
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:Uttar Pradesh
3634:
3633:Punjab region
3629:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3607:Uttar Pradesh
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3459:Mudrarakshasa
3455:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3434:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3386:Pali language
3384:, written in
3383:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:Matsya Purana
3338:
3333:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3259:
3255:
3254:Upinder Singh
3244:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:Matsya Purana
3218:Regnal period
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3098:Maurya Empire
3095:
3090:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3060:Nanda dynasty
3049:
3044:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2872:Uttar Pradesh
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:Mughal Empire
2525:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2352:Reddy Kingdom
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:Yadava Empire
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:Harsha Empire
1964:
1963:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:Kushan Empire
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:Shunga Empire
1677:
1676:
1661:
1659:
1658:Mitra Dynasty
1656:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1600: AD 500
1596: 250 BC
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579: 250 AD
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562: 300 BC
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1545: 300 BC
1539:
1537:
1536:Chera Kingdom
1534:
1533:
1528: 300 BC
1522:
1520:
1519:Pandya Empire
1517:
1516:
1511: 300 AD
1507: 300 BC
1501:
1499:
1498:Sangam period
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1478:Maurya Empire
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405: 600 BC
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:(1200β600 BC)
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:(1500β600 BC)
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:(1500β500 BC)
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1313:(1500β200 BC)
1311:
1306:
1305:
1296:(1600β500 BC)
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:(2000β500 BC)
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1201:(1400β700 BC)
1200:
1198:
1197:Jorwe culture
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:Malwa culture
1185:
1184:
1181:(1600β750 BC)
1180:
1178:
1177:Pandu culture
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
988:
986:
985:
978:
975:
973:
972:Naval History
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
879:
873:
872:
861:
858:
855:
852:
851:
849:
846:
842:
839:
838:
836:
833:
830:
827:
826:
819:
818:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
783:
780:
779:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
754:
753:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:Lodhi Dynasty
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:Late medieval
686:
685:
676:
673:
670:
669:Chola Dynasty
667:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
647:
644:
641:
640:Arab Invasion
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
615:
610:
609:
600:
599:Gupta Dynasty
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
583:
582:Sangam period
580:
576:, 73 β 28 BCE
575:
574:Kanva Dynasty
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
559:
558:
555:
554:
550:
545:
544:
535:
534:Mahajanapadas
532:
527:
526:Nanda Dynasty
524:
522:413 β 345 BCE
521:
518:
516:544 β 413 BCE
515:
512:
509:
506:
505:
504:
501:
500:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
477:
474:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:
453:
450:
447:
442:
439:
436:
435:
429:
428:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
389:
387:
384:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
365:
364:
361:
358:
357:
351:
347:
346:
343:
336:
331:
325:
318:
314:
310:
307:
305:Today part of
303:
287:
285:
282:
281:
278:
272:
271:Mahajanapadas
269:
262:
261:
258:
255:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
227:
223:
214:
199:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
148:
145:
121:
119:
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
57:
51:
46:
29:
22:
19:
9604:Nanda Empire
9179:Panch Prayag
9086:Asan Barrage
8649:Demographics
8564:Ganges Basin
8450:Contemporary
8356:Shah dynasty
8294:Gupta Empire
8274:Nanda Empire
8273:
7994:
7988:
7982:
7673:Contemporary
7523:Indo-Persian
7511:Nazi Germany
7455:Contemporary
7357:Vijayanagara
7256:Great Seljuk
7167:Thessalonica
7095:Golden Horde
6735:Carthaginian
6707:
6514:Neo-Assyrian
6499:Neo-Sumerian
6416:
6407:
6397:
6384:
6375:
6374:
6365:
6356:
6347:
6338:
6329:
6320:
6311:
6302:
6294:
6293:
6257:Pala dynasty
6243:10th century
6242:
6205:
6173:
6123:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6052:
6025:
5997:Gupta Empire
5995:
5985:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5931:
5919:
5897:
5892:
5885:
5870:Early Cholas
5861:
5838:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5785:
5770:Early Cholas
5761:
5750:
5745:
5736:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5713:
5704:Nanda empire
5702:
5690:
5657:
5648:
5619:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5567:
5558:
5543:Vedic Period
5540:
5525:Vedic Period
5522:
5517:Vedic Period
5514:
5508:
5507:
5498:
5461:Sapta Sindhu
5448:Timeline and
5381:
5360:
5336:
5317:Tulika Books
5311:
5290:
5269:
5241:
5221:
5185:
5175:Bibliography
5160:
5150:
5143:
5122:
5115:
5105:
5098:
5088:
5081:
5071:
5064:
5052:
5040:
5028:
5016:
5004:
4977:
4950:
4938:
4911:
4899:
4872:
4845:
4825:
4818:
4806:
4760:
4748:
4717:
4684:
4672:
4646:
4634:
4622:
4610:
4565:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4450:
4396:, p. 5.
4357:
4342:
4304:
4297:
4242:
4218:
4216:
4209:
4205:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4161:
4120:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4088:Architecture
4078:
4066:
4043:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4004:
3998:
3982:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3863:
3845:
3843:
3833:Hecatompylos
3829:
3817:
3800:
3763:
3744:
3733:
3708:ti-vasa-sata
3707:
3672:
3620:
3614:
3530:
3491:
3475:
3457:
3443:
3408:Rashtra-pala
3381:
3379:
3370:Dhundhi-raja
3363:
3359:
3353:
3347:
3334:
3327:
3324:
3286:
3280:
3276:Mahavira Era
3269:
3240:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3158:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3126:
3102:
3086:
3072:
3059:
3057:
2937:Demographics
2927:Architecture
2707:French India
2697:Danish India
2577:Bengal Subah
2567:Bhoi dynasty
2497:Koch Kingdom
2332:Ahom Kingdom
2206:Deva Kingdom
1898:Huna Kingdom
1838:Gupta Empire
1740:(AD 35β405 )
1699:Kanva Empire
1671: 50 BC
1553:Chola Empire
1492:(312β303 BC)
1482:(321β184 BC)
1472:(330β323 BC)
1462:(380β321 BC)
1458:Nanda Empire
1457:
1452:(424β345 BC)
1434:(550β330 BC)
1390:(684β424 BC)
1380:(799β684 BC)
1370:(700β200 BC)
1292:Swat culture
1138:Chalcolithic
1050:Palaeolithic
917:LGBT history
782:Bengal Subah
770:Suri Dynasty
757:Early modern
737:Vijayanagara
662:Pala Dynasty
525:
458:Kuru kingdom
239:Succeeded by
238:
233:
25:Nanda Empire
18:
9553:Pithoragarh
9474:Rudraprayag
9431:Pithoragarh
9214:Jim Corbett
9174:Panch Kedar
9169:Sapta Badri
8668:Indo-Aryans
8452:Uttarakhand
8379:Uttarakhand
8203:Bar Council
8148:Legislature
8090:Departments
7990:Bhararisain
7970:Uttarakhand
7261:Khwarezmian
7194:Carolingian
6999:Rashtrakuta
6703:Shaishunaga
6602:Hellenistic
6585:New Kingdom
6575:Old Kingdom
6401:, Routledge
6282:Rashtrakuta
6186:Pala Empire
6179:Kabul Shahi
6062:Kabul Shahi
6036:Alchon Huns
5814:Mahabharata
5737:Pre-history
5650:Pre-history
5560:Pre-history
4520:: 175β194.
4308:. Chicago:
4034:Pataliputra
3954:Dimensions:
3901:Brihatkatha
3871:Brahmanical
3809:Dhana Nanda
3792:) Ballalas.
3784:; then the
3776:; then the
3651:Kurukshetra
3593:Ajatashatru
3480:Megasthenes
3446:Pataliputra
3411:Govishanaka
3365:Divyavadana
3360:Vayu Purana
3355:Vayu Purana
3321:Nanda kings
3303:Pataliputra
3243:Irfan Habib
3231:Vayu Purana
3192:annata-kula
3169:Shaishunaga
2922:Agriculture
2892:South India
2867:Maharashtra
2817:Balochistan
2757:Afghanistan
2731:(1858β1947)
2727:British Raj
2721:(1757β1858)
2717:Company Raj
2711:(1759β1954)
2701:(1620β1869)
2691:(1605β1825)
2687:Dutch India
2681:(1510β1961)
2668:(1510β1961)
2651:(1799β1849)
2647:Sikh Empire
2641:(1729β1947)
2631:(1707β1799)
2621:(1674β1818)
2611:(1650β1948)
2601:(1642β1975)
2591:(1600β1750)
2581:(1576β1757)
2571:(1541β1804)
2561:(1532β1673)
2551:(1529β1736)
2541:(1540β1556)
2531:(1526β1858)
2518:(1526β1858)
2501:(1515β1947)
2491:(1499β1763)
2481:(1518β1687)
2470:(1492β1686)
2459:(1492β1619)
2448:(1490β1574)
2437:(1490β1636)
2426:(1490β1596)
2416:(1470β1842)
2406:(1434β1541)
2396:(1399β1947)
2386:(1358β1803)
2376:(1352β1576)
2366:(1336β1646)
2356:(1325β1448)
2346:(1300β1779)
2336:(1228β1826)
2326:(1451β1526)
2315:(1414β1451)
2304:(1320β1414)
2293:(1290β1320)
2282:(1206β1290)
2271:(1206β1526)
2261:(1170β1206)
2238:(1206β1526)
2219: 1300
2215: 1200
2200:(1187β1673)
2190:(1156β1184)
2170:(1102β1766)
2160:(1083β1323)
2150:(1078β1434)
2140:(1070β1230)
2136:Sena Empire
2130:(1040β1347)
2120:(1003β1320)
2046:Pala Empire
1908:Rai Kingdom
1750:(AD 60β240)
1683:(185β73 BC)
1439:Ror Dynasty
1159: 3950
912:Art History
835:British Raj
808:Sikh Empire
796:Company Raj
642:, c. 738 CE
368:Prehistoric
339:History of
234:Preceded by
85:Pataliputra
56:Dhana Nanda
9598:Categories
9484:Uttarkashi
9307:Transport
9219:Nanda Devi
8871:Chaudangsi
8810:Indo-Aryan
8577:Ecoregions
8490:Geological
8208:Lok Adalat
8188:High Court
8005:Government
7987:(winter);
7831:Portuguese
7712:Revival Le
7702:Vietnamese
7345:Later Tran
7315:Vietnamese
7211:Singhasari
7199:Holy Roman
6823:Bulgarian
6759:Satavahana
6730:Phoenician
6666:Achaemenid
6627:Indo-Greek
6607:Macedonian
6521:Babylonian
6295:References
6248:Ghaznavids
6058:Nezak Huns
4319:0226742210
4254:References
4227:See also:
4198:Kshemendra
4186:overthrown
4148:Vikram era
4006:Cyropaedia
3942:karshapana
3854:Gangaridai
3813:Beas River
3770:Gupta-kula
3736:Amaravathi
3662:Mahishmati
3569:Vitihotras
3557:Shurasenas
3537:Kshatriyas
3533:Kshatriyas
3504:, and the
3468:Gangaridai
3405:Bhuta-pala
3311:ΕvetΔmbara
3250: 344
3173:Mahanandin
3105:Gangaridai
3082: 345
3002:Philosophy
2982:Metallurgy
2972:Literature
2897:Tamil Nadu
2762:Bangladesh
2537:Sur Empire
2251:(977β1186)
2217: β c.
2180:(675β1210)
2110:(973β1189)
2100:(942β1244)
2090:(882β1110)
2080:(850β1334)
2070:(800β1327)
2050:(750β1174)
2030:(694β1947)
2010:(650β1036)
1990:(624β1075)
1958: 700
1956: β c.
1954: 550
1927: 500
1872:(350β1100)
1862:(350β1000)
1830: 600
1828: β c.
1826: 250
1809: 500
1807: β c.
1805: 250
1728: 130
1703:(75β26 BC)
1669: β c.
1667: 150
1598: β c.
1564:β AD 1279)
1547:β AD 1102)
1530:β AD 1345)
1509: β c.
1422: 600
1407:β AD 1600)
1215:Bronze Age
404:Lahuradewa
309:Bangladesh
162: β c.
160: 329
139: β c.
137: 345
109:Government
9573:Mussoorie
9563:New Tehri
9543:Rishikesh
9421:Champawat
9416:Bageshwar
9394:Districts
9355:Education
9157:Kedarnath
9145:Badrinath
9133:Yamunotri
9062:Monuments
9008:Elections
8930:Districts
8915:divisions
8774:Languages
8734:Banrawats
8686:Jaunsaris
8676:Garhwalis
8584:Highlands
8499:Mountains
8478:Geography
8213:Lokayukta
8181:Judiciary
8046:Executive
7824:Couronian
7462:Ethiopian
7450:Manchukuo
7405:Brazilian
7251:Ghaznavid
7221:Srivijaya
7172:Trebizond
7157:Byzantine
7139:North Sea
7134:Norwegian
7122:Almoravid
7105:Ilkhanate
7075:Majapahit
7048:Muromachi
6957:Solomonic
6942:Ethiopian
6856:Caliphate
6789:Aragonese
6617:Ptolemaic
6199:Kalachuri
5991:Kidarites
5273:. BRILL.
5212:(1988) .
4542:147989946
4173:adharmika
4152:Shaka era
4131:Al-Biruni
4117:Nanda era
4082:Jain monk
4062:Ajivikism
4003:, in his
3989:Mamulanar
3967:Mahavamsa
3926:Patanjali
3922:Vararuchi
3918:Katyayana
3910:Sarasvati
3820:elephants
3782:Chalukyas
3751:Karnataka
3738:hoard of
3697:Kharavela
3623:) in the
3611:Virudhaka
3553:Panchalas
3549:Ikshvakus
3541:Maithalas
3452:) in the
3402:Pandugati
3394:Ugra-sena
3382:Mahavamsa
3285:, in his
3283:Merutunga
3236:Taranatha
3202:Kalashoka
3197:Mahavamsa
3165:Mahapadma
3154:Kshatriya
3074:MahΔvaαΉsa
2952:Education
2942:Dynasties
2862:Rajasthan
2847:Karnataka
2792:Sri Lanka
2060:(753β982)
2040:(736β916)
2020:(661β750)
2000:(632β661)
1980:(618β841)
1970:(606β647)
1939:(543β753)
1912:(489β632)
1902:(475β576)
1892:(475β767)
1882:(420β624)
1852:(345β525)
1842:(280β550)
1790:(230β360)
1780:(224β651)
1770:(210β340)
1760:(170β350)
1723:(AD 21 β
1581:β AD 800)
1333:Janapadas
1161:β1900 BC)
1088:Neolithic
549:Classical
386:Neolithic
147:Mahapadma
91:Religion
9568:Nainital
9558:Srinagar
9548:Ramnagar
9533:Rudrapur
9528:Kashipur
9518:Haldwani
9513:Haridwar
9508:Dehradun
9464:Haridwar
9459:Dehradun
9426:Nainital
9311:Airports
9204:Gangotri
9194:National
9128:Gangotri
9118:Chardham
8981:Politics
8963:Parganas
8828:Jaunsari
8818:Garhwali
8793:Sanskrit
8781:Official
8714:Bhotiyas
8681:Kumaonis
8610:Lowlands
8492:features
8377:Colonial
8305:kingdoms
8303:Medieval
8237:kingdoms
8085:Agencies
8068:Cabinets
8053:Governor
7996:Nainital
7984:Dehradun
7804:Japanese
7767:Scottish
7747:American
7739:Colonial
7668:Imperial
7636:Moroccan
7572:Japanese
7550:Afsharid
7409:Burmese
7395:Austrian
7350:Later Le
7325:Early Le
7310:Venetian
7236:Tiwanaku
7149:Hellenic
7112:Moroccan
7043:Kamakura
7033:Japanese
7016:Saffarid
6969:Georgian
6883:Chalukya
6861:Rashidun
6851:Calakmul
6819:Bruneian
6698:Haryanka
6676:Sasanian
6671:Parthian
6622:Bactrian
6612:Seleucid
6592:Goguryeo
6570:Egyptian
6504:Assyrian
6494:Akkadian
6485:Colonies
6395:(2002),
6069:Maitraka
5954:kingdom
5952:Kamarupa
5810:Ramayana
5636:Buddhism
5582:Panchala
5573:Gandhara
5533:culture)
5500:IRON AGE
5358:(1966).
5267:(2011).
4534:23619969
4202:Somadeva
4194:Chanakya
4169:Plutarch
4050:Buddhism
4046:Hinduism
4040:Religion
4001:Xenophon
3994:Xuanzang
3824:Plutarch
3715:Godavari
3678:Pradyota
3600:Varanasi
3577:Ashmakas
3573:Kalingas
3565:Haihayas
3545:Kasheyas
3417:Kaivarta
3307:Ujjayini
3299:Mahavira
3291:Pradyota
3260:died in
3129:Diodorus
3113:invasion
3089:Haryanka
3017:Timeline
3007:Religion
2987:Military
2977:Maritime
2967:Language
2957:Indology
2787:Pakistan
2777:Maldives
2475: β
2464: β
2453: β
2442: β
2431: β
2320: β
2309: β
2298: β
2287: β
2276: β
1424:β300 BC)
1364: β
1353: β
1342: β
1331: β
1310:Iron Age
1290: β
1279: β
1258: β
1247: β
1236: β
410:Mehrgarh
406:7000 BCE
400:7106 BCE
392:Bhirrana
360:Timeline
330:a series
328:Part of
112:Monarchy
99:Buddhism
95:Hinduism
9609:Magadha
9538:Kotdwar
9523:Roorkee
9454:Chamoli
9446:Garhwal
9350:Economy
9338:Cuisine
9249:Cricket
9120:circuit
9103:Temples
9054:Tourism
8935:Tehsils
8876:Darmiya
8866:Byangsi
8833:Bangani
8823:Kumaoni
8719:Shaukas
8526:Bugyals
8482:ecology
8387:Company
8235:Ancient
8227:History
8167:Speaker
8160:History
8080:Gazette
8014:Symbols
7871:largest
7866:Empires
7846:Swedish
7841:Spanish
7836:Russian
7799:Italian
7774:Chinese
7762:English
7757:British
7752:Belgian
7727:Vietnam
7717:Tay son
7663:Tsarist
7658:Russian
7653:Ottoman
7619:Dzungar
7614:Khoshut
7587:Mexican
7582:Maratha
7565:Pahlavi
7545:Safavid
7540:Iranian
7467:Haitian
7430:Chinese
7390:Ashanti
7362:Wagadou
7288:Eastern
7283:Western
7266:Timurid
7226:Tibetan
7216:Songhai
7206:Serbian
7127:Almohad
7117:Idrisid
7021:Samanid
7011:Tahirid
7006:Iranian
6984:Kannauj
6964:Genoese
6900:Chinese
6893:Eastern
6888:Western
6876:Fatimid
6871:Abbasid
6866:Umayyad
6839:Burmese
6799:Ayyubid
6794:Angevin
6764:Xianbei
6752:Eastern
6747:Western
6693:Magadha
6656:Iranian
6649:Xiongnu
6634:Hittite
6543:Chinese
6531:Kassite
6480:Ancient
6472:Empires
6376:Sources
6167:Pallava
6098:Culture
5977:Puranas
5966:Culture
5806:Puranas
5787:Culture
5724:Culture
5640:ΔjΔ«vika
5632:Jainism
5607:Culture
5587:Magadha
5509:Culture
5220:(ed.).
4139:Mathura
4135:Kannauj
4103:Kumhrar
4073:Brahmin
4054:Jainism
4022:Kashika
3972:hoarder
3958:Weight:
3906:Lakshmi
3790:Hoysala
3658:Narmada
3644:Mathura
3625:Ayodhya
3585:MithilΔ
3526:Gujarat
3514:Kalinga
3502:Puranas
3476:prachya
3454:Magadha
3438:Magadha
3399:Panduka
3374:Puranic
3337:Puranas
3330:Curtius
3161:Puranas
3133:Curtius
3123:Origins
3064:Magadha
2947:Economy
2932:Coinage
2852:Kashmir
2832:Gujarat
1929:β 1026)
1039:Outline
432:Ancient
380:Soanian
155:β’
149:(first)
132:β’
103:Jainism
81:Capital
9578:Almora
9500:cities
9411:Almora
9403:Kumaon
9300:topics
9242:Sports
9224:Rajaji
9184:Gomukh
8861:Rongpo
8802:Spoken
8696:Tharus
8691:Buksas
8659:groups
8657:Ethnic
8549:Bhabar
8541:Plains
8198:Judges
8027:Emblem
7809:Mongol
7794:German
7789:French
7779:Danish
7722:Dainam
7697:Tongan
7685:Somali
7680:Sokoto
7646:'Alawi
7624:Kalmyk
7604:Mongol
7597:Second
7577:Korean
7528:Mughal
7518:Indian
7501:German
7494:Second
7484:French
7477:Second
7413:Second
7385:Afghan
7377:Modern
7303:Kyrgyz
7298:Uighur
7293:Second
7273:Turkic
7241:Toltec
7177:Epirus
7162:Nicaea
7085:Mongol
7038:Yamato
6974:Huetar
6832:Second
6769:Rouran
6718:Shunga
6713:Maurya
6688:Kushan
6661:Median
6639:Hunnic
6597:Harsha
6315:Samuel
6306:Samuel
6113:Tantra
5878:Cheras
5778:Cheras
5684:Assaka
5599:Assaka
5531:Srauta
5457:Punjab
5389:
5368:
5344:
5323:
5298:
5277:
5253:
5228:
5198:
4833:
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4532:
4350:
4316:
4178:dharma
4107:Torana
4052:, and
3960:2.5 g.
3956:17 mm
3932:Wealth
3914:Panini
3867:lumber
3850:Arrian
3846:ekarat
3778:Rattas
3723:Nanded
3719:Deccan
3685:Odisha
3621:kataka
3575:, and
3518:Avanti
3510:Ganges
3498:Odisha
3494:Punjab
3472:Ganges
3295:Avanti
3181:varnas
3177:Shudra
3117:Punjab
2882:Odisha
2877:Punjab
2822:Bengal
2767:Bhutan
822:Modern
332:on the
172:(last)
122:
75:Empire
71:Status
9583:Pauri
9498:Major
9333:Music
9298:Other
9196:parks
8956:Rural
8923:Urban
8886:Rawat
8843:Tharu
8838:Buksa
8788:Hindi
8724:Rajis
8554:Terai
8531:Lakes
8417:Crown
8037:Motto
7966:State
7859:Lists
7814:Omani
7784:Dutch
7690:Isaaq
7641:Saadi
7609:Oirat
7592:First
7560:Qajar
7489:First
7472:First
7445:China
7418:Third
7278:First
7231:Tikal
7182:Morea
7152:Roman
7070:Latin
7065:Khmer
7060:Kanem
7026:Buyid
6952:Zagwe
6947:Aksum
6937:Chola
6844:First
6827:First
6814:Bornu
6809:Benin
6804:Aztec
6742:Roman
6723:Gupta
6708:Nanda
6644:White
5802:Epics
5541:Late
5523:Late
5515:Late
5216:. In
4538:S2CID
4530:JSTOR
4516:(2).
4234:Notes
4164:Porus
4101:from
3987:poet
3985:Tamil
3977:kotis
3745:Some
3589:Bihar
3561:Kurus
3470:(the
3450:Patna
3421:Dhana
3171:king
2902:Tibet
2887:Sindh
2842:Kabul
2827:Bihar
2812:Assam
2782:Nepal
2772:India
398:Jhusi
341:India
317:Nepal
313:India
170:Dhana
8881:Raji
8729:Jads
8559:Doab
8419:rule
8389:rule
8032:Song
7629:Bogd
7555:Zand
7533:Sikh
7440:Qing
7435:Ming
7367:Wari
7335:Tran
7320:Dinh
7090:Yuan
7080:Mali
6989:Pala
6979:Inca
6930:Yuan
6920:Song
6915:Liao
6910:Tang
6683:Kush
6565:DΚΏmt
5644:Yoga
5578:Kuru
5387:ISBN
5366:ISBN
5342:ISBN
5321:ISBN
5296:ISBN
5275:ISBN
5251:ISBN
5226:ISBN
5196:ISBN
4831:ISBN
4461:help
4348:ISBN
4314:ISBN
4200:and
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