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groups had their own militias and oftentimes did not obey laws passed by the monarchy, since it did not have the power to enforce them. The people followed the ulama's fatwas instead of state-issued law. When Naser al-Din took power, his army barely had 3,000 men which was significantly smaller than the armies under various tribal leaders. When the state needed a proper army, he would hire the local militias. Prior to his reforms, Naser's government had very little power over their subjects and even during the reforms, they faced more scrutiny over their ability to implement those reforms successfully.
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574:. A modernist, he allowed the establishment of newspapers in the country and made use of modern forms of technology such as telegraph, photography and also planned concessions for railways and irrigation works. Despite his modernizing reforms on education, his tax reforms were abused by people in power, and the government was viewed as
841:
to increase state revenue. Tax collectors routinely abused their power and the government was viewed as corrupt and unable to protect them from abuse by the upper class. This anti-government sentiment increased the ulama's power over the people because they were able to provide them security. Keddie
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led to those funds going straight into the coffers of the ulama. Therefore, the financial autonomy given to the ulama enabled them to remain structurally independent, keeping madrasahs open and supporting the students therein. The ulama also maintained their authority to challenge state law. To fund
603:
The state under Naser al-Din was the recognized government of Iran, but its authority was undermined by local tribal leaders. The religious and tribal chieftains held quite a bit of autonomy over their communities. Naser al-Din was not effective in implementing his sovereignty over his people. Local
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In the later years of his rule, however, Naser al-Din steadfastly refused to deal with the growing pressures for reforms. He also granted a series of concessionary rights to foreigners in return for large payments. In 1872, popular pressure forced him to withdraw one concession involving permission
831:
Although he was successful in introducing those western-based reforms, he was not successful in gaining complete sovereignty over his people or getting them to accept these reforms. The school he opened, Dar al-Funun, had very small enrollment numbers. The restrictions defined by Sh'ia Islam on the
908:
on 1 May 1896. It is said that the revolver used to assassinate him was old and rusty, and had he worn a thicker overcoat, or been shot from a longer range, he would have survived the attempt on his life. Shortly before his death, he is reported to have said "I will rule you differently if I
742:(forbidden). Consuming tobacco from the newly monopolized 'Talbet' company represented foreign exploitation, so for that reason it was deemed immoral. It even affected the Shah's personal life as his wives did not allow him to smoke.
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571:
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712:, the highest English order of chivalry. He was the first Persian monarch to be honoured as such. His travel diary of his 1873 trip has been published in several languages, including Persian, German, French, and Dutch.
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works throughout Persia. He visited Europe in 1873, 1878 and 1889. In 1890, he granted a 50-year concession on the purchase, sale, and processing of all tobacco in the country, which led to a national
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were killed, this was in reaction to an assassination attempt from a small group of BĂĄbis. This treatment continued under his prime minister Amir Kabir, who even ordered the execution of the
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951:, commented "... the corpse was conveyed on a very high funeral car and was 'high' in more ways than one". His one-piece marble tombstone, bearing his full effigy, is now kept in the
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drawing. Several of his pen and ink drawings survive. He was one of the first photographers in Persia and was a patron of the art. He established a photography studio in
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846:, that at the time "it was still considered a sign of greater status to be admitted to the ranks of the ulama than it was to become a member of the civil service."
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in the judiciary, built several military factories, improved relations with other powers to curb
British and Russian influence, opened the first newspaper called
2563:
912:
Nasser-al-Din Shah's assassination and the subsequent execution of
Kermani marked a turning point in Iranian political thought that would ultimately lead to the
704:), and finally in 1889 and was reportedly amazed with the technology he saw. During his visit to the United Kingdom in 1873, Naser al-Din Shah was appointed by
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and unable to protect commoners from abuse by the upper class which led to increasing anti-governmental sentiments. He was assassinated when visiting a
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Grobien, Philip
Henning (2023). "Modernity, Borders and Maps: Iran's Ability to Advocate for its Borders During the Reign of Naser al-Din Shah".
1514:
The king of Persia (Naser al-Din Shah Qajar) sitting on a horse with his entourage of officers, bodyguards, footmen and executioners around him.
1010:; "The Tale of the Old and the Young") was attributed to him by many; it was one of the first Persian stories written in modern European style.
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947:, where he was assassinated. His funeral took place six months after his death. A British diplomat who spoke with some who had been present,
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about poets of the Qajar period. He was interested in history and geography and had many books on these topics in his library. He also knew
745:
This was not the end of Naser al-Din's attempts to give concessions to
Europeans; he later gave the ownership of Persian customs incomes to
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853:, the famous Persian reformer. With him, many believe, died the prospect of an independent Persia led by meritocracy rather than nepotism.
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of tobacco and the withdrawal of the concession. This last incident is considered by many authorities to be the origin of modern
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depicting a young Qajar prince, perhaps Naser al-Din Shah before his accession to the throne. Created mid-19th century,
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It can be inferred from the time period and historical references that Naser al-Din Shah is depicted in the 1990 novel
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The Shah in a uniform studded with diamonds from the treasury of the
Persian emperors. Often he wore the famous square
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services and building roads. He also increased the size of the state's military and created a new group called the
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Naser al-Din was the first modern
Persian monarch to visit Europe in 1873 and then again in 1878 (when he saw a
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which was trained and armed by the
Russians. He was the first Persian to be photographed and was a patron of
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The Shah gradually lost interest in reform. However, he took some important measures such as introducing
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Zi'a es-Saltaneh married Seyed Zeyn-ol-Abedin Emam Jome'eh. Her daughter, Zia Ashraf Emami married
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tendencies, but was dictatorial in his style of government. With his sanction, thousands of
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31:
2558:. Selected photographs from a private album of Nasser al-Din Shah, with an introduction by
1920:"NÄáčŁer al-DÄ«n ShÄh | QÄjÄr Shah of Iran, Assassination & Legacy | Britannica"
1825:"NÄáčŁer al-DÄ«n ShÄh | QÄjÄr Shah of Iran, Assassination & Legacy | Britannica"
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Charouz, Ladislav (2022). "Naser al-Din Shah's 1873 Visit to the World's Fair in Vienna".
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773:, balanced the budget by introducing reforms to the tax system, curbed the power of the
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967:. He was a talented painter and, even though he had not been trained, was an expert in
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785:) and most importantly opened the first Iranian school for upper education called the
17:
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A Diary Kept by His
Majesty the Shah of Persia during His Journey to Europe in 1878
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336:
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1802:
Pivot of the
Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831â1896
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1904:
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by Susan Kay which explores the life of the titular character in Gaston Leroux's
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2608:
The Diary of H.M. the Shah of Persia during His Tour through Europe in A.D. 1873
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838:
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survive!" The assassin was prosecuted by the defence minister, Nazm ol-Dowleh.
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862:
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823:
The Shah on his
European tour, seated with British and Russian royalty in the
793:
633:
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528:
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310:
290:
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1965:
808:
who had himself photographed hundreds of times. His final prime minister was
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1950:(ChapÌ-i 3 ed.). Tihran: Intisharat-i KhvarÌazmi, Ì. pp. 348â370.
1890:
1070:
1056:
1049:
1016:
Diary of H.M. the Shah of Persia during his tour through Europe in A.D. 1873
940:
728:
648:
583:
556:
548:
1714:
1100:
Prince Mohammad-Reza Mirza Rokn os-Saltaneh (30 January 1884 â 8 July 1951)
664:
652:
1945:
735:
720:
671:
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2595:
History of Iranian Photography. Women as Photography Model: Qajar Period
3727:
1906:
Pivot of the universe: Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy
1282:
1035:
866:
858:
724:
575:
443:
286:
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2149:"Nishan-i-Tamtal-i-Humayun â The Decoration of the Imperial Portrait"
979:
944:
774:
769:
He defeated various rebels in the Iranian provinces, most notably in
625:
587:
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485:
306:
2182:
Handbuch der Ritter- und Verdienstorden aller Kulturstaaten der Welt
1804:, Comparative studies on Muslim societies, I.B. Tauris, p. 10,
837:
these new institutions and building projects, Naser repeatedly used
656:
628:
when he heard of his father's death in 1848, and he ascended to the
4233:
Russian Empire involvement in the Persian Constitutional Revolution
3420:
2184:(in German). Leipzig: Holzminden Reprint-Verlag. pp. 327â334.
1509:
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1026:
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818:
756:
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611:
169:
781:, embellished and modernized cities (for example by building the
3306:
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2597:, photographs provided by Bahman Jalali, Iranian Artists' site,
2585:, photographs provided by Bahman Jalali, Iranian Artists' site,
2210:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Ăsterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie
563:. Nasser al-Din Shah had sovereign power for close to 51 years.
524:
3768:
3277:
2908:
2710:
2274:(in French), 1858, p. 50 – via Archives de Bruxelles
1947:
AndÄ«shah-ÊŒi taraqqÄ« va hukĆ«mat-i qÄnĆ«n ; Ê»aáčŁr-i sipahsÄlÄr
727:
industry, but he later was forced to cancel the contract after
681:
in the early 19th century, Naser al-Din sought compensation by
4373:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
36:
566:
He was the first modern Persian monarch who formally visited
2037:"Old Diplomacy" (1947), by Lord Hardinge of Penshurst, p. 63
1875:. Tehran: Muʌassasah-ʌi Farhangī-i Ahl-i Qalam. p. 34.
789:
where many Iranian intellectuals received their education.
1632:
He was the inspiration for the main character of the novel
844:
Roots of Revolution: An Interpretive History of Modern Iran
1669:
Joseph Roth: The tale of the 1002nd night: a novel (1939).
939:
Naser al-Din was buried in the Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine, in
30:"Nassereddin Shah" redirects here. For the filmmaker, see
2583:
History of Iranian Photography. Postcards in Qajar Period
2572:
History of Iranian Photography: Early Photography in Iran
2481:
Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
2460:
Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies
1662:
In animation form his life depicted by Beate Petersen in
1055:
Prince Soltan Moin ed-Din Mirza (1849 â 6 November 1856)
2627:, in English (Richard Bentley & Son, London, 1879),
2206:"Ritter-Orden: Königlich-ungarischer St. Stephans-Orden"
1682:
Musicians and dancers at the Court of Naser-al-Din Shah.
761:
Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, King of Persia. Photography by
2379:
WĂŒrttemberg (Kingdom). Statistisches Landesamt (1894).
1076:
Prince Soltan Hossein Mirza Jalal od-Dowleh (1852â1868)
4368:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
2623:
Sir Albert Houtum Schidler and Baron Louis de Norman,
2610:, A Verbatim Translation (John Murray, London, 1874),
1185:
Founder of the Imperial Order of the August Portrait,
982:. 200 couplets of his were recorded in the preface of
963:
Naser al-Din Shah was very interested in painting and
4363:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian)
518:
1103:
Prince Hossein-Ali Mirza Yamin od-Dowleh (1890â1952)
4348:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
4210:
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2944:The generations are numbered from the ascension of
2861:
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2746:
1069:Prince Mohammad-Qassem Mirza (1850 â 29 June 1858)
659:â regarded as a manifestation of God to BĂĄbĂ's and
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184:
177:
143:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2539:Side view of Nasser-al-Din Shah's marble tombstone
2444:Some notes from private life of Nasser al-Din Shah
1425:Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-called
738:that made farming, trading, and consuming tobacco
636:. During his reign he would have to deal with the
1145:Princess Farah os-Saltaneh (1882 â 17 April 1899)
723:with him giving him the ownership of the Persian
2252:Hof- und - Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern
2233:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des GroĂherzogtum Baden
1594:Naser al-Din Shah is depicted in 1976 TV series
1133:Princess Zi'a os-Saltaneh (1856 â 11 April 1898)
4308:People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
2097:"Children of Nasser-ed-Din Shah Qajar (Kadjar)"
4378:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
2142:
2140:
2138:
3780:
3289:
2920:
2722:
2285:Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1884).
1538:Mirza Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh Sepahsalar
1123:Princess Fakhr ol-Moluk (1847 â 9 April 1878)
1005:
430:
8:
3599:2018 attack on the Iranian Embassy in London
3579:2004 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel
849:In 1852 Naser al-Din dismissed and executed
523:; 17 July 1831 â 1 May 1896) was the fourth
3584:2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel
3526:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
2544:Coins, banknotes and medals of Qajar period
1710:Austro-Hungarian Military Mission in Persia
1316:Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
1193:Decoration of the Commander of the Faithful
3806:
3787:
3773:
3765:
3589:2011 attack on the British Embassy in Iran
3327:
3296:
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2927:
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2153:The Qajar dynasty orders & decorations
1944:ÄdamÄ«yat, FarÄ«dĆ«n; ۹ۯÙ
ÙŰȘŰ Ù۱ÙŰŻÙÙ. (2006).
927:Naser al-Din Shah's tombstone, keeping at
904:, when he was visiting and praying in the
663:, and to historians as the founder of the
543:and the third longest reigning monarch in
162:
140:
3360:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Iran
3350:Ambassadors of Iran to the United Kingdom
2268:"Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de LĂ©opold"
1705:Attempts at Constitutionalization in Iran
1142:Princess Eftekhar os-Saltaneh (1880â1941)
998:, but was not fluent in either language.
531:from 5 September 1848 to 1 May 1896 when
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
4333:19th-century monarchs in the Middle East
1795:
1793:
1791:
1559:Mirza Yousof Khan Ashtiani (1885â1887) (
1435:Imperial Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
1048:Prince Soltan Mahmoud Mirza (1847â1849)
2291:. Unione tipografico-editrice. p.
1787:
1672:
715:In 1890 Naser al-Din met British major
370: 1851; died 1860)
238:
154:Qebleh-ye 'Älam (Pivot of the Universe)
3755:Category:IranâUnited Kingdom relations
2525:His visit to England(select from list)
2288:Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia
1233:Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen
1038:, possibly by Mohammad Esmail Esfahani
670:Unable to regain the territory in the
419:
4398:Politicians assassinated in the 1890s
4358:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
3723:Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship
3370:Persian embassy to Europe (1609â1615)
3365:Persian embassy to Europe (1599â1602)
3355:Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran
2556:Window on an Era: A Qajar Royal Album
1139:Princess Forugh od-Dowleh (1862â1916)
1095:Nosrat ed-Din Mirza Salar os-Saltaneh
7:
1567:Mirza Ali-Asghar Khan Amin os-Soltan
1213:Imperial Order of the Sun for Ladies
1155:Princess Ezz os-Saltaneh (1888â1982)
1136:Princess Fakhr od-Dowleh (1859â1891)
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4393:Assassinated heads of state in Asia
4353:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2385:. Druck von W. Kohlhammer. p.
2307:"Königlich Preussische Ordensliste"
2048:NÄser-od-din, the Photographer King
2046:Tahmasbpoor, Mohammad-Reza (2008).
2027:Assassination of Nasser-al-Din Shah
2006:A History of the Modern Middle East
1993:A History of the Modern Middle East
1980:A History of the Modern Middle East
1859:A History of the Modern Middle East
1636:, published in 2011, and the novel
1481:: Stranger Knight Companion of the
1326:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1064:Soltan Massoud Mirza Zell os-Soltan
1006:
508:
431:
168:Naser al-Din Shah, photographed by
3853:Malek Mansur Mirza Shoa O-Saltaneh
3594:2011â2012 Strait of Hormuz dispute
3426:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
2008:, 5th ed., (Westview, 2012) p. 104
1982:, 5th ed., (Westview, 2012) p. 103
1861:, 5th ed., (Westview, 2012) p. 100
1607:He is also depicted in 1992 movie
1455:Imperial Order of Saint Stanislaus
532:
25:
3954:Mirza Abdul'Rahim Talibov Tabrizi
3796:Persian Constitutional Revolution
2050:. Tehran: Nashr-e Tarikh-e Iran.
1415:Imperial Order of the White Eagle
914:Iranian Constitutional Revolution
896:Naser al-Din was assassinated by
689:regarded the move as a threat to
4318:Assassinated Iranian politicians
4249:
4248:
3750:
3749:
3457:British military network in Iran
3315:
3305:
2520:Nasseredin Shah and his 84 wives
2446:. Tehran: Nashr-e Tarikh-e Iran.
2235:(1896), "GroĂherzogliche Orden"
1675:
1664:Nasseredin Shah and his 84 wives
1609:Nassereddin Shah, Actor-e Cinema
1083:(25 March 1853 â 7 January 1907)
490:
41:
4403:Children of Mohammad Shah Qajar
4323:People of the Anglo-Persian War
4283:19th-century monarchs of Persia
3989:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
2344:(in Swedish), 1895, p. 406
1583:Naser al-Din Shah is played by
959:Artistic and literary interests
857:to construct such complexes as
599:Effectiveness of his early rule
367:
52:needs additional citations for
4343:19th-century murdered monarchs
3899:Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh
3487:Anglo-Persian capture of Ormuz
2382:Staatshandbuch fĂŒr WĂŒrttemberg
1496:Order of the WĂŒrttemberg Crown
1483:Most Noble Order of the Garter
1090:(22 July 1856 â 15 April 1929)
1088:Kamran Mirza Nayeb os-Saltaneh
1066:(5 January 1850 â 2 July 1918)
27:Shah of Iran from 1848 to 1896
1:
4132:Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh
3919:Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni
3492:British occupation of Bushehr
3452:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
3312:IranâUnited Kingdom relations
2961:Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah
2515:Nasser-al-Din Shah's Portrait
2493:10.1080/05786967.2021.1895672
2472:10.1080/05786967.2020.1762503
1995:(Westview Press, 2013) p. 104
1341:Order of the Netherlands Lion
188:5 September 1848 â 1 May 1896
4197:Russian occupation of Tabriz
4177:Persian Constitution of 1906
3848:Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
3386:Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1801
3107:Emamqoli Mirza Emad-al-Dawla
2606:Sir James William Redhouse,
2254:(1890), "Königliche Orden".
2079:. Tehran: Motale'at Tarikh.
1640:, published in 2016, by the
1445:Imperial Order of Saint Anna
570:and wrote of his travels in
156:Islampanah (Refuge of Islam)
4064:Jahangir-Khan Sur-e-Esrafil
2570:Mohammad-Reza Tahmasbpoor,
1600:and also in 1984 TV series
1470:Royal Order of the Seraphim
1259:Order of Berthold the First
1203:Imperial Order of the Aqdas
1108:Ahmad Mirza Azd os-Saltaneh
519:
397:Fatemeh Sultan Baghbanbashi
152:Zell'ollah (Shadow of God )
4419:
4338:19th-century photographers
3979:Haji-Mirza Hassan Roshdieh
3944:Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat
3909:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
3873:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
3817:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
3572:Satanic Verses controversy
3515:Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. case
2699:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
2442:Mo'ayeri, Dustali (1982).
2366:, Volume I (London, 1906)
2352:– via gupea.ub.gu.se
1615:) written and directed by
1520:Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir
931:. The original tomb is at
638:Revolt of Hasan Khan Salar
412:
207:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
29:
4298:Deaths by firearm in Iran
4293:Murdered Persian monarchs
4246:
4099:Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian
3746:
3676:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
3660:Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe
3655:Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht
3325:
2942:
2852:Soltan Mohammad Ali Mirza
2695:
2686:
2678:
2671:
2644:
2616:(Digitized by Robarts at
2574:, Iranian Artists' site,
2530:Statue of Nasseredin Shah
1873:Life of Naser al-Din Shah
1871:Rabiee, Manizheh (2005).
1735:Naser al-Din Shah's slide
1130:(1855 â 3 September 1905)
832:shah's collection of the
427:
418:
161:
148:
76:"Naser al-Din Shah Qajar"
4228:Jungle Movement of Gilan
4223:1921 Persian coup d'Ă©tat
3521:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
3509:1921 Persian coup d'Ă©tat
3469:British support for Iraq
3406:Anglo-Russian Convention
3263:Mohammad Hassan Mirza II
2889:Mohammad Hassan Mirza II
2646:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
2311:Preussische Ordens-Liste
2075:Mansuri, Kurosh (2006).
1657:The Phantom of the Opera
1613:Once Upon a Time, Cinema
1383:Order of the Black Eagle
1152:(1883 â 25 January 1936)
1120:Princess Afsar od-Dowleh
978:Naser al-Din was also a
520:NÄser-ad-Din ĆÄh-e QÄjÄr
4303:People murdered in Iran
4137:Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi
4114:Edward Granville Browne
4054:Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
4039:Mahammad Amin Rasulzade
3984:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
3929:Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari
3822:Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
3696:Imperial Bank of Persia
3411:Anglo-Persian Agreement
3345:Embassy of Iran, London
2981:Ali Mirza Zel as-Soltan
2816:Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar
2549:26 January 2021 at the
2427:. London: John Murray.
2272:Almanach Royal Officiel
1844:, and less formally as
1745:Persian Cossack Brigade
1720:Imperial Bank of Persia
1249:House Order of Fidelity
1158:Princess Sharafsaltaneh
1013:He also wrote the book
902:JamÄl al-DÄ«n al-AfghÄnÄ«
802:Persian Cossack Brigade
702:Royal Navy Fleet Review
647:Naser al-Din had early
501:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
144:Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
4104:William Morgan Shuster
4004:Mirza Abutaleb Zanjani
3863:Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
3701:Persian Gulf Residency
3391:Treaty of Paris (1857)
3112:Mohammad-Hossein Mirza
2633:(Digitized by Google).
2423:Clay, Catrine (2006).
2404:Amanat, Abbas (2004).
2364:The Knights of England
2338:Sveriges statskalender
1991:Cleveland, William L.
1800:Amanat, Abbas (1997),
1515:
1492:Kingdom of WĂŒrttemberg
1397:Order of the Red Eagle
1285:: Grand Cordon of the
1176:
1039:
988:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
936:
933:Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine
906:Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine
893:
828:
766:
695:declared war on Persia
642:insurrections by Babis
621:
332:85 women, among them:
322:Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine
18:Nassereddin Shah Qajar
4328:Iranian photographers
4238:Iranian Enlightenment
4147:Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari
4089:Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
4059:Mirza Fatali Akhundov
3562:Iranian Embassy siege
3550:Guadeloupe Conference
3216:Mohammad Hassan Mirza
2936:Princes of Qajar Iran
2877:Fereydoun Mirza Qajar
2871:Mohammad Hassan Mirza
2822:Mohammad Hassan Mirza
2637:Photos of qajar kings
2618:University of Toronto
2406:Pivot of the universe
2147:Buyers, Christopher,
2077:HekÄyÄte Pir Va JavÄn
1544:Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani
1526:Mirza Aqa Khan-e Nuri
1513:
1494:: Grand Cross of the
1339:: Grand Cross of the
1298:: Grand Cross of the
1274:Order of Saint Hubert
1231:: Grand Cross of the
1170:
1081:Mozaffar ed-Din Mirza
1030:
926:
916:during his successor
884:
822:
760:
616:Naser al-Din Shah by
615:
261:Mirza Ali Asghar Khan
4388:1896 murders in Iran
4383:Iranian slave owners
4034:Mohammad Ali Tarbiat
3868:Mirza Nasrullah Khan
3154:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
2778:Mozaffar al-Din Shah
2408:. Tehran: Karnameh.
2178:Gritzner, Maximilian
1597:Soltan-e Sahebgharan
1578:Fictional depictions
1242:Grand Duchy of Baden
918:Mozzafar-al-Din Shah
842:states in her book,
732:Mirza Hassan Shirazi
624:Naser al-Din was in
535:. He was the son of
256:Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani
61:improve this article
4142:Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
4049:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
4029:Mirza Alakbar Sabir
3924:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
3716:Tehran War Cemetery
3169:Nosrat al-Din Mirza
3133:Mohammad Taqi Mirza
3036:Mohammad Reza Mirza
2976:Mohammad Taqi Mirza
2946:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
2840:Soltan Mahmud Mirza
2682:Mohammad Shah Qajar
2004:William Cleveland,
1978:William Cleveland,
1857:William Cleveland,
1554:Prince Kamran Mirza
1395:Grand Cross of the
1324:Grand Cross of the
1097:(2 May 1882 â 1954)
1002:HekÄyÄt Pir o JavÄn
920:'s turbulent reign.
871:Iranian nationalism
779:Vaghaye-Ettefaghieh
710:Order of the Garter
618:Abul Hasan Ghaffari
537:Mohammad Shah Qajar
533:he was assassinated
509:Ùۧ۔۱ۧÙŰŻÛÙâŰŽŰ§Ù Ùۧۏۧ۱
459:Mohammad Shah Qajar
347:Shokouh al-Saltaneh
246:Mirza Aqa Khan Nuri
197:Mohammad Shah Qajar
150:Shahanshah of Iran
4313:People from Tabriz
4192:Majlis Bombardment
4109:Howard Baskerville
4094:Mirza Reza Kermani
4014:Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda
3949:Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
3892:Constitutionalists
3738:The New Great Game
3691:East India Company
3650:Fowzi Badavi Nejad
3545:Iranian Revolution
3195:Malek Mansur Mirza
3021:Jalal al-Din Mirza
3006:Soltan Ahmad Mirza
2883:Soltan Hamid Mirza
2834:Soltan Hamid Mirza
2754:Agha Mohammad Khan
2425:King, Kaiser, Tsar
2132:Mo'ayeri pp. 16â17
2122:Mohammad Mosaddegh
2101:www.qajarpages.org
1924:www.britannica.com
1725:Jakob Eduard Polak
1587:in 2022 tv series
1516:
1376:Kingdom of Prussia
1270:Kingdom of Bavaria
1177:
1059:of Persia, 1849â56
1040:
955:Museum in Tehran.
937:
898:Mirza Reza Kermani
894:
885:Naser al-Din Shah
829:
767:
747:Paul Julius Reuter
622:
608:Diplomacy and wars
541:Malek Jahan Khanom
469:Malek Jahan Khanom
217:Malek Jahan Khanom
4260:
4259:
4202:Triumph of Tehran
4160:
4159:
4019:Rais al-Mojahedin
3999:Mohammad Khiabani
3959:Mirza Malkam Khan
3843:Abdol Majid Mirza
3762:
3761:
3555:Conspiracy theory
3442:Anglo-Persian War
3416:Tehran Conference
3401:D'Arcy Concession
3396:Reuter concession
3332:
3331:
3271:
3270:
3190:Mohammad Ali Shah
3138:Abdol-samad Mirza
3128:Naser al-Din Shah
2971:Hossein Ali Mirza
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2784:Mohammad Ali Shah
2772:Naser al-Din Shah
2705:
2704:
2696:Succeeded by
2434:978-0-7195-6536-6
1840:is pronounced as
1755:Qajar family tree
1700:Anglo-Persian War
1617:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
1399:, in Brilliants,
1389:; in Brilliants,
1356:Order of Osmanieh
1235:, in Brilliants,
1073:of Persia, 1856-8
825:Royal Albert Hall
632:with the help of
517:
498:
497:
438:
437:
428:Naser al-Din Shah
392:Munir al-Saltaneh
251:Mirza Hosein Khan
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4410:
4252:
4251:
4187:the First Majlis
4165:Important events
3974:Heydar Latifiyan
3964:Hassan Taqizadeh
3883:Vladimir Liakhov
3827:Ahmad Shah Qajar
3807:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3766:
3753:
3752:
3681:Bahrain province
3645:Ghoncheh Ghavami
3620:Anoosheh Ashoori
3447:Persian Campaign
3338:Diplomatic posts
3328:
3320:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3275:
2929:
2922:
2915:
2906:
2864:
2846:Soltan Ali Mirza
2809:
2804:
2740:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2708:
2679:Preceded by
2667:
2660:
2642:
2630:Internet Archive
2613:Internet Archive
2504:
2475:
2447:
2438:
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2222:
2220:
2212:, 1895, p.
2202:
2196:
2195:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2159:on 23 April 2003
2155:, archived from
2144:
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1855:
1849:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1797:
1679:
1506:List of premiers
1468:: Knight of the
1309:Kingdom of Italy
1300:Legion d'Honneur
1287:Order of Leopold
1272:: Knight of the
1150:Tadj os-Saltaneh
1009:
1008:
1007:ŰکۧÛŰȘ ÙŸÛ۱ Ù ŰŹÙۧÙ
949:Charles Hardinge
900:, a follower of
717:Gerald F. Talbot
708:a Knight of the
675:irrevocably lost
553:Sassanid dynasty
522:
512:
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387:Khazen al-Dawlah
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32:Naseeruddin Shah
21:
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4411:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4242:
4206:
4182:Siege of Tabriz
4172:Tobacco Protest
4156:
4118:
4024:Mirzadeh Eshghi
3994:Hassan Modarres
3934:Colonel Pessian
3914:Ali Asghar Khan
3887:
3831:
3798:
3793:
3763:
3758:
3742:
3664:
3603:
3497:Tobacco Protest
3475:
3430:
3374:
3333:
3321:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3272:
3267:
3251:
3237:Fereydoun Mirza
3225:
3199:
3178:
3142:
3116:
3062:Djahangir Mirza
3040:
3031:Jahanshah Mirza
3026:Hasan Ali Mirza
3011:Seyfollah Mirza
2991:Emamverdi Mirza
2949:
2938:
2933:
2903:
2894:
2862:
2857:
2828:Fereydoun Mirza
2807:
2795:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2701:
2692:
2684:
2673:Iranian royalty
2661:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2551:Wayback Machine
2534:Golestan Palace
2511:
2478:
2457:
2454:
2452:Further reading
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2045:
2041:
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2021:
2017:Mo'ayeri p. 105
2016:
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2003:
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1990:
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1775:Treaty of Akhal
1770:Treaty of Paris
1765:Tobacco Protest
1730:Joseph Tholozan
1690:
1683:
1680:
1580:
1508:
1387:12 January 1860
1229:Austrian Empire
1225:
1211:Founder of the
1201:Founder of the
1191:Founder of the
1182:
1165:
1128:Ismat al-Doulah
1052:of Persia, 1849
1025:
984:Majma'ul FusahÄ
973:Golestan Palace
961:
953:Golestan Palace
929:Golestan Palace
879:
814:Mozaffar al-Din
810:Ali Asghar Khan
755:
610:
601:
596:
561:Safavid dynasty
545:Iranian history
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4288:Qajar monarchs
4285:
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3911:
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3895:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3878:Amin al-Soltan
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3858:Sheikh Khaz'al
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3836:Authoritarians
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
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3711:Gholhak Garden
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3637:
3635:Arthur Edwards
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3257:
3256:8th generation
3253:
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3250:
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3233:
3231:
3230:7th generation
3227:
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3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3204:6th generation
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3183:5th generation
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Mass'oud Mirza
3156:
3150:
3148:
3147:4th generation
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3121:3rd generation
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3087:Ardashir Mirza
3084:
3079:
3077:Eskandar Mirza
3074:
3072:Fereydun Mirza
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3045:2nd generation
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Sayf ol-Dowleh
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Abdollah Mirza
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2954:1st generation
2951:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:(1988âpresent)
2886:
2880:
2874:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2854:(2011âpresent)
2849:
2843:
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2831:
2825:
2819:
2812:
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2801:
2797:
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2645:
2640:
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2621:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2560:Kaveh Golestan
2553:
2541:
2536:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2510:
2509:External links
2507:
2506:
2505:
2487:(2): 285â298.
2476:
2466:(1): 135â147.
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2439:
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2259:
2244:
2225:
2197:
2190:
2169:
2134:
2125:
2113:
2088:
2068:
2066:Mo'ayeri p. 30
2059:
2039:
2030:
2019:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1956:
1936:
1911:
1909:, pp. 204â218.
1903:Abbas Amanat.
1896:
1881:
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1830:
1816:
1810:
1786:
1785:
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1760:The Great Game
1757:
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1750:Prix d'Ispahan
1747:
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1740:Order of Aftab
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1479:United Kingdom
1476:
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1461:
1453:Knight of the
1451:
1443:Knight of the
1441:
1433:Knight of the
1431:
1423:Knight of the
1421:
1413:Knight of the
1408:Russian Empire
1405:
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1403:
1393:
1381:Knight of the
1373:
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1365:Order of Glory
1362:
1350:Ottoman Empire
1347:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1314:Knight of the
1306:
1293:
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4218:Qajar dynasty
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4069:Saad ad-Daula
4067:
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3992:
3990:
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3969:Ahmad Kasravi
3967:
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3904:Hassan Pirnia
3902:
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3706:Rhum gasfield
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3615:Kameel Ahmady
3613:
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3533:Abadan Crisis
3531:
3527:
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3464:IranâIraq War
3462:
3458:
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3228:
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3221:Mahmoud Mirza
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
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3191:
3188:
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3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Khanlar Mirza
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Khosrow Mirza
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Mohammad Shah
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:Aliqoli Mirza
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
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2766:Mohammad Shah
2764:
2761:
2760:Fath-Ali Shah
2758:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2739:Qajar dynasty
2732:
2727:
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2709:
2700:
2691:
2690:
2683:
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2651:Qajar dynasty
2643:
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2417:
2415:964-431-049-7
2411:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2375:
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2369:
2365:
2362:Wm. A. Shaw,
2359:
2356:
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2329:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:(in German),
2312:
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2191:9783826207051
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2085:964-6357-69-5
2082:
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2057:
2056:964-6082-16-5
2053:
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2020:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
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1972:
1967:
1963:
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1957:964-487-090-5
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1715:BĂĄbi Movement
1713:
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1701:
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1687:
1678:
1673:
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1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:Kader Abdolah
1643:
1642:PersianâDutch
1639:
1638:Salam Europa!
1635:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1622:Kamal ol-Molk
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1590:
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1577:
1572:
1569:(1887â1896) (
1568:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:(1873â1880) (
1545:
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1477:
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1471:
1467:
1466:Sweden-Norway
1464:
1460:
1457:, 1st Class,
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:, 1st Class,
1446:
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1388:
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1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:, 1st Class,
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1320:13 April 1861
1317:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:French Empire
1294:
1292:
1291:4 August 1857
1288:
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1200:
1198:
1197:November 1856
1194:
1190:
1188:
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1173:Darya-ye Noor
1169:
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892:
891:Tekyeh Dowlat
888:
883:
877:Assassination
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783:Tehran Bazaar
780:
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764:
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719:and signed a
718:
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691:British India
688:
687:Great Britain
684:
683:seizing Herat
680:
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665:BĂĄbĂ religion
662:
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640:, as well as
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432:Ùۧ۔۱ۧÙŰŻÛÙâێۧÙ
426:
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72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4152:Zainab Pasha
4044:Aref Qazvini
3748:
3630:Abbas Edalat
3625:Roger Cooper
3513:
3502:Zainab Pasha
3164:Kamran Mirza
3127:
3092:Farhad Mirza
3067:Bahman Mirza
3057:Bahram Mirza
2996:Mahmud Mirza
2771:
2689:Shah of Iran
2687:
2663:
2659:16 July 1831
2656:
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2280:
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2262:
2251:
2247:
2232:
2228:
2217:, retrieved
2209:
2200:
2181:
2172:
2161:, retrieved
2157:the original
2152:
2128:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:
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2047:
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1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
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1858:
1853:
1846:NÄser-ed'din
1845:
1842:NÄser-ad'din
1841:
1838:Naser al-Din
1837:
1833:
1819:
1801:
1663:
1637:
1633:
1625:directed by
1620:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1585:Bahram Radan
1570:
1560:
1547:
1531:
1499:
1487:26 June 1873
1486:
1474:7 March 1890
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986:, a work by
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787:Dar ul-Funun
778:
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669:
646:
623:
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565:
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499:
337:Galin Khanom
302:(1896-05-01)
284:17 July 1831
233:
179:Shah of Iran
149:
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4278:1896 deaths
4273:1831 births
4084:Nikol Duman
4074:Sattar Khan
3939:Yeprem Khan
3803:Key figures
3686:BBC Persian
3608:Individuals
3247:Hamid Mirza
3174:Ahmad Mirza
3102:Firuz Mirza
2966:Abbas Mirza
2885:(1975â1988)
2879:(1943â1975)
2873:(1930â1943)
2848:(1988â2011)
2836:(1975â1988)
2830:(1930â1975)
2824:(1930â1943)
2818:(1925â1930)
2792:(1909â1925)
2786:(1907â1909)
2780:(1896â1907)
2774:(1848â1896)
2768:(1834â1848)
2762:(1797â1834)
2756:(1789â1797)
1556:(1880â1885)
1540:(1871â1873)
1534:(1858â1871)
1528:(1851â1858)
1522:(1848â1851)
1401:9 June 1873
1337:Netherlands
1110:(1891â1939)
1032:Lacquer box
969:pen and ink
965:photography
839:tax farming
806:photography
685:, in 1856.
572:his memoirs
382:Amina Aqdas
193:Predecessor
4267:Categories
4079:BÄqer KhÄn
4009:Iraj Mirza
3733:Great Game
3211:Ahmad Shah
2800:Pretenders
2790:Ahmad Shah
2693:1848â1896
2666:1 May 1896
2398:References
2317:, Berlin:
1695:Amir Kabir
1627:Ali Hatami
1602:Amir Kabir
863:irrigation
851:Amir Kabir
794:telegraphy
634:Amir Kabir
630:Sun Throne
529:Qajar Iran
479:Shia Islam
300:1 May 1896
280:1831-07-17
241:Amir Kabir
87:newspapers
3480:Incidents
3435:Conflicts
3379:Diplomacy
3242:Ali Mirza
2501:233775219
2348:29 August
2219:29 August
2163:30 August
1966:677122775
1634:De koning
1619:and 1984
1148:Princess
1126:Princess
1115:Daughters
1071:Vali Ahad
1057:Vali Ahad
1050:Vali Ahad
734:issued a
729:Ayatollah
649:reformist
557:Tahmasp I
549:Shapur II
514:romanized
203:Successor
4254:Category
4211:See also
3810:Monarchs
3538:Timeline
2547:Archived
2180:(2000).
1891:84660641
1688:See also
1666:at 2011.
1571:1st time
1561:2nd time
1548:1st time
859:railways
827:, London
771:Khorasan
721:contract
672:Caucasus
475:Religion
234:See list
225:Premiers
117:May 2019
3728:Old fox
3669:Related
1653:Phantom
1644:writer
1283:Belgium
1223:Foreign
1180:Persian
1163:Honours
1106:Prince
1093:Prince
1086:Prince
1079:Prince
1062:Prince
1036:Isfahan
996:English
889:in the
867:boycott
765:in 1881
753:Reforms
725:tobacco
661:BahĂĄÊŒĂs
576:corrupt
559:of the
551:of the
516::
505:Persian
444:Dynasty
372:
364:
360:
287:Kahnamu
172:in 1889
101:scholar
2842:(1988)
2662:
2600:Kargah
2588:Kargah
2577:Kargah
2565:Kargah
2499:
2431:
2412:
2325:, 1877
2237:pp. 63
2188:
2106:7 July
2083:
2054:
1964:
1954:
1929:7 July
1889:
1879:
1808:
1589:Jeyran
992:French
945:Tehran
798:postal
775:clergy
679:Russia
626:Tabriz
620:, 1859
588:Tehran
580:shrine
568:Europe
547:after
486:Tughra
465:Mother
455:Father
356:Jeyran
329:Spouse
317:Burial
311:Persia
307:Tehran
291:Persia
213:Regent
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
4124:Women
2863:Heirs
2808:Heads
2747:Kings
2664:Died:
2657:Born:
2497:S2CID
2368:p. 65
2342:(PDF)
1782:Notes
1023:Issue
943:near
834:zakat
763:Nadar
740:haram
736:fatwa
653:BĂĄbis
594:Reign
586:near
449:Qajar
423:Names
413:below
407:Issue
366:(
362:
185:Reign
170:Nadar
108:JSTOR
94:books
3421:P5+1
2429:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2350:2021
2256:p. 9
2221:2021
2186:ISBN
2165:2021
2108:2024
2081:ISBN
2052:ISBN
1962:OCLC
1952:ISBN
1931:2024
1887:OCLC
1877:ISBN
1806:ISBN
1500:1889
1459:1873
1449:1873
1439:1873
1429:1873
1419:1838
1391:1873
1369:1880
1360:1880
1345:1868
1330:1862
1304:1855
1278:1889
1263:1889
1253:1889
1237:1859
1217:1873
1207:1870
1187:1848
1043:Sons
994:and
980:poet
941:Rayy
861:and
796:and
693:and
584:Rayy
555:and
539:and
525:Shah
411:See
297:Died
274:Born
80:news
2532:in
2489:doi
2468:doi
677:to
657:BĂĄb
582:in
527:of
63:by
4269::
2620:).
2562:,
2495:.
2485:61
2483:.
2464:60
2462:.
2387:29
2323:34
2321:,
2319:11
2309:,
2293:47
2270:,
2241:77
2239:,
2214:66
2208:,
2151:,
2137:^
2099:.
1960:.
1922:.
1885:.
1790:^
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1472:,
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1367:,
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749:.
667:.
644:.
590:.
511:,
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368:m.
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2470::
2437:.
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2389:.
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2295:.
2194:.
2110:.
1968:.
1933:.
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1848:.
1827:.
1659:.
1648:.
1629:.
1611:(
1604:.
1591:.
1573:)
1563:)
1550:)
1175:.
1004:(
935:.
503:(
282:)
278:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
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57:.
34:.
20:)
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