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collection is the drainage of the
Everglades and the development of South Florida lands. Additional topics include real estate, race relations, education, labor unions, liquor, taxes, transportation, waterways, railways, and Broward's campaigns for governor and the U.S. Senate. The collection comprises incoming and outgoing correspondence, speeches, news clippings, campaign material, photographs (including images of dredging operations), legislative material, and legal documents. There are a small number of articles, pamphlets, circulars, and other publications pertaining to the drainage of the Everglades, dredging equipment, forestry, sugar, and waterways. In addition to the incoming and outgoing correspondence, there are four bound letterbooks containing letters written by Broward in 1905-1909. Correspondents include numerous real estate developers, business leaders, representatives of state and federal agencies, and Florida politicians such as
760:, then considered useless swamp, as white settlers did not understand its ecology or relation to water table and habitat. Early in his term, Broward was attacked often and by many different people for his drainage program and for the land tax he instituted to pay for it. One newspaper noted, "The treasury will be drained before the Everglades." As drainage progressed, Broward began taking his fiercest opponents for "ocular displays" in the Glades, showing them the work that had been done and how it was progressing. John Beard, one of Broward's most effective opponents, was eventually convinced by one of these trips that the land was fertile and that drainage was working. Broward retaliated against Frank Stoneman, publisher of the predecessor of the
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933:. Whites would not be allowed to live in the new nation, and blacks would not be allowed to return to live in the United States. "The white people have no time to make excuses for the shortcomings of the negro," he said. "And the negro has less inclination to work for one and be directed by one he considers exacting, to the extent that he must do a good day's work or pay for the bill of goods sold to him."
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his railroad ties. Broward appealed to few urban voters and no business interests, while Davis could not win support among farmers or rural voters. On election day, Broward's rural voters gave him the primary victory by only 600 votes out of 45,000. The general election some weeks later was uneventful, and
Broward was inaugurated on January 3, 1905.
857:, and Broward planned to attend. For months, Broward was mentioned in newspapers throughout the South as a potential candidate for the vice presidency, and he was nationally known for his drainage work and for his earlier filibustering. Upon arrival in Denver, he was greeted by banners reading: "Bryan, Broward, and Bread." An editorial in the
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Broward tackled other problems, as well – he worked to emphasize education and upgrade the state universities. His appointees assessed them as not offering much beyond the high-school level. He also helped guide a reorganization bill through the legislature that closed some of the schools and set up
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under cover of darkness in secluded locations, hiding her behind larger ships as she left the St. Johns, and picking up Cubans and munitions from other ships at various points near the mouth of the river. Except when trying to evade capture, Broward never pretended not to be a filibusterer. He gained
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These remarks prompted a series of voices to call for removal of the statue of
Broward from the Broward County Courthouse. County Mayor Barbara Sharief said she "would be open to discussion about renaming the county if it's what people want to do," although she said shortly afterward that "we're not
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Broward had long supported a primary election system to replace the state's convention system, which was controlled by a small clique headed by
Flagler. A strong law was drawn up in the House, which Broward enthusiastically supported, but after the Senate weakened the bill substantially, he withdrew
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Broward married his captain's daughter (Georgiana
Carolina "Carrie" Kemp) in January 1883. That spring, he applied for a license to pilot ships over the St. Johns Bar, a constantly shifting sandbar that stretched across the mouth of the St. Johns, sometimes above water and sometimes many feet below.
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In
September, 2017, a Broward County lawyer, Bill Gelin, published an excerpt of a forgotten document that Broward wrote during his term and may have delivered as a speech. He called upon Congress "to purchase territory, either domestic or foreign, and provide means to purchase the property of the
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Davis and
Broward easily moved ahead into the second primary, and the campaign grew fiercer, with Davis at one point saying, "Mr. Broward is a man of but little ability and no intellectual brilliance whatever!" Broward used Davis's congressional record to repeatedly attack his voting in support of
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Broward was never wealthy, and in fact, frequently found himself in debt for one reason or another. The liberal forces in the state did not have great financial backing, while the conservative forces controlled most of the money and most of the newspapers in the state, as well as the major cities.
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declared war on Spain. Several times
Broward was nearly caught and destroyed by Spanish gunboats. Aware of Broward's identity, the Spanish ambassador to the United States demanded that the American be stopped and his ship impounded. U.S. authorities tried to catch him, but Broward eluded them by
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to the post. Milton pledged not to run for the seat in
November, but Broward soon announced that he was a candidate, an arrangement that was much-criticized, but took to the stump against his opponents, among them were his old adversary John Beard, along with a former political ally, Jacksonville
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Broward introduced a bill to the legislature in 1905 directing the state to provide life insurance for its citizens, and setting up an
Insurance Commission and a cabinet-level post to go along with the program. The legislature voted the bill down with little debate. Broward supported measures to
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The George A. Smathers Libraries at the University of Florida, Gainesville, has a collection of Broward archival records, described as "The Broward Papers date from 1879 to 1918, but the bulk of the papers coincide with the gubernatorial term from 1905 to 1909. The major subject covered in the
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when elected.) The Antis continued to struggle for power and two years later, the split between the two camps became even more severe. The Antis the Straightouts accused each other of voter fraud, complaining to the secretary of state and the governor. Anti sympathizers held most of the state
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Broward established his reputation as a good pilot and captain. In January 1888, a major prison break disgraced the city's sheriff, who was subsequently removed from office. The county Democratic leadership convened and nominated Broward as the best man to become the new sheriff. The governor
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Broward accepted the Democratic nomination for the State House and was elected almost without opposition. In the House, Broward supported many progressive initiatives, including a state dispensary bill and a law allowing insanity as grounds for divorce (at the request of powerful developer
906:"Today there are thousands who, like the 'Times-Union,' always opposed the big man so recently crowned with laurel and now clothed in a shroud, who see so clearly the qualities that all admired, that past differences refuse to intrude, and the opponent craves a place among the mourners."
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The main aspect of his legacy was the draining of the Everglades, now recognized as perhaps the biggest environmental folly in American history. Broward's supporters however believe these efforts were integral to establishing the Florida citrus industry as an international powerhouse.
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The second primary campaign proved scarcely more interesting, though Broward took to the stump, traveling throughout the state. After an exciting election-eve rally at which Broward's supporters got so carried away that Taliaferro left in disgust, Broward pulled out a victory.
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The 1908 election results were not all bad for Broward. Fletcher as senator was still a mild progressive and maintained his long friendship with Broward. Gilchrist proved to be much more liberal in the role of governor and became an avid supporter of draining the Everglades.
878:'s Senate seat was up for election. Big-city newspapers endorsed Taliaferro for re-election, but Broward soon entered the race against him. The race, expected to be an exciting showdown, proved to be such a bore that election news was pushed off the front page by coverage of
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Broward was not naïve when it came to politics. As a Straightout and a supporter of the "common man," Broward naturally opposed Flagler's control of the party nominating system in the state. It tended to produce Democratic candidates from the Anti faction. As Florida had
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most blacks and was essentially a one-party state, Anti control of the party nominating system effectively meant Anti control of the state government. Broward was smart enough to sponsor Flagler's requested divorce bill, but still wanted to wrest power from the big man.
702:. During the summer of 1903, he decided to run for the governorship, as he had been approached numerous times during the spring and the summer about running for the office. As the party was hard pressed to find another liberal candidate, he agreed to run for office.
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Broward soon took an active part in city politics. In the early 1890s, the Democratic Party in Florida was undergoing some internal strife. Two factions developed in Jacksonville that eventually became the major statewide camps, the Antis and the
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Broward gained national prominence through this massive program. As his administration progressed, Broward became more involved with legislators and officials in Washington, gaining federal funds for the drainage project. Eventually, he brought
846:. Fletcher was an old liberal, and though now more conservative than Broward, the two men still agreed on many things. Gilchrist was much feared as a railroad man. Broward campaigned as much for Stockton for governor as he did for himself.
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After gaining experience in the north as a ship's mate, in 1878 Broward returned to Jacksonville and took a job working tugboats on the St. Johns River. He became acquainted with many of the captains and shipping operations.
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notoriety around the state for his daring deeds. However, Broward did take precautions against having his cargo intercepted by the Spanish, such as concealing arms and munitions inside shipments of groceries to the island.
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While working on the ship, he met the young daughter of a fellow boat captain, Annie Isabell Douglass, a frequent passenger and the two were married in 1887. The couple ended up having eight daughters and one son:
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Broward seemed destined for a life of comfort until his wife died a day after giving birth to his son in late October 1883. The son, also named Napoleon Bonaparte Broward, would only live for six weeks.
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and show them their top ends were meant to be used for something better than hatracks. I'm going to make 'em sit up and think. They won't mind mistakes in grammar if they find I'm talking horse sense."
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In 1896, the Straightouts offered to nominate Broward for sheriff, but he was busy with his filibustering operation and declined. In 1900, the war ended and his filibustering days were over.
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telegraphed from his home, that he wanted a Midwesterner, rather than a Southerner. Although the crowd at the convention continued to back Broward, Bryan was able to name his own candidate.
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Broward and Stockton both lost. Newspapers statewide loudly proclaimed the end of the Broward era, and the Everglades drainage project seemed doomed, but Broward was not through. The
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wrote, "If Mr. Bryan has given any symptoms of being worthy of this distinction then we are utterly at a loss to know it; it must be a weighty secret hidden in the governor's brain."
518:. He stayed in that region for two years, working on ships along the New England coast and coming home a stout young man, standing six foot two and weighing over two hundred pounds.
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835:. Beard and Fletcher attacked Broward throughout the campaign, but the former governor prevailed in the first primary, and entered the second primary campaign against Fletcher.
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Broward's parents both died when he was still quite young. Broward, along with his brother, tended the family farm for a few years before moving into the city with their uncle.
808:, Mallory's campaign manager and already a candidate for the seat, to fill the vacancy. Newspapers criticized his selection of Bryan, who was only 31 at the time. The
457:, to recover land for agricultural cultivation. As governor, he built alliances with the federal government to gain funds for this project. In 1915, the newly formed
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a commission to determine where the remaining schools should be located. A fight ensued about where to locate the major state university, which at the time was in
713:"I don't intend to go after the cities. Their newspapers are against me and they don't take me seriously. But I'm going to stump every crossroads village between
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620:. Located on Fort George Island, the proprietors of the boat-building company were John Joseph Daly and Charles Scammell. During the construction, Cuban
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Exhausted by the campaign, Broward retired with his family to his home on Fort George Island near Jacksonville. Late in September, Broward fell ill with
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Called "An arms smuggler as well as a racist," in 1907 Broward proposed that every black person be physically evicted from the state." According to the
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down to the Glades for a trip through the drainage areas. Roosevelt was an avid supporter of drainage and became an important advocate for the program.
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628:. Broward was approached by a prominent member of Jacksonville's Cuban community about shipping a load of munitions and some Cuban expatriates from
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appointed him to the post on February 27. In less than a month, Broward gained statewide notoriety for breaking up gambling operations in the city.
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as the new site for the flagship state university. Residents in both cities complained that the commission members had been bought off.
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Barszewski, Larry; Olmeda, Rafael (October 10, 2017). "'Racist' statue of Broward County's namesake to be removed from courthouse".
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negroes at a reasonable price and to transport them to the territory purchased by the United States," similar to the goals of the
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Proctor, S. (1947). Napoleon B. Broward: The Years to the Governorship. The Florida Historical Quarterly, 26(2), 117–134.
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In the election of 1892, the Straightouts, under Broward's leadership, swept the city offices: Broward's close friends,
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and agrarians. Broward joined the Straightout camp. In this period, Populists, sometimes in biracial alliances with
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offices, and the Antis won out. Broward was replaced by a new appointee when the Antis regained power in the city.
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spoke very favorably of him, concluding that he was an excellent choice for the position. Presidential nominee
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during the summer. In 1876, having graduated high school, Broward became a ship's mate and traveled to
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Barzewski, Larry (October 19, 2017). "Family says there's more to Gov. Broward than just one speech".
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Broward's friend John Stockton advanced to the second primary in the governor's race, against General
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Broward did not run for the House again in 1902 because he was busy with a salvage operation in the
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Napoleon Bonaparte Broward collection, Broward County Historical Archives, Broward County Library.
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create a state textbook commission, reform the state hospital system, regulate the accounting
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The statue was removed during the night of October 18–19, 2017, and placed in storage.
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Broward first worked on the river with this uncle, Joe Parsons, doing odd jobs on his
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1269:. University of Florida Smathers Libraries - Special and Area Studies Collections
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who opposed the drainage, by refusing to certify his election as circuit judge.
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In 1895, Broward, his brother, and an associate began building a new steamboat,
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1205:"Is Broward named for a racist? Courthouse statue controversy raises question"
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By 1885, he was back on the St. Johns, piloting his father-in-law's steamboat
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considering that at this time" and "I don't even want to go down that road."
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1030:"Broward County's Watery Relationship With The Everglades Over A Century"
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Broward began campaigning immediately. His strongest opponent was
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shipped out of Jacksonville on her maiden voyage, bound for Cuba.
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Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives
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His childhood was spent on a series of family farms along the
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Piloting ships over the treacherous bar was quite lucrative.
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drainage, a program first examined by the sitting governor,
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and died in March, shocking the state. Broward appointed
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Finding Florida. The True History of the Sunshine State
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1297:Broward's Collection at the University of Florida.
1267:"A Guide to the Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Papers"
925:, Broward was "an unapologetic segregationist."
563:Elizabeth Hutchison Broward Crawford (1906–1992)
954:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward (Dames Point) Bridge
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673:). The most important law he supported was the
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1804:People of the American colonization movement
1161:Marjory Stoneman Douglas: Voice of the River
983:is named for his wife Annie Isabell Broward.
560:Florida Douglass Broward Segrest (1904–1988)
822:In February 1908, Senator Bryan contracted
756:Broward's biggest push as governor was for
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1292:Governor Broward's official state portrait
1159:Douglas, Marjory; Rothchild, John (1987).
566:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward III (1910–1989)
223:January 3, 1905 – January 5, 1909
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554:Ella Jeanette Broward Shevlin (1899–1961)
542:Annie Dorcas Broward Starrett (1889–1923)
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
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962:More than 30 roads in Florida, notably,
636:. Broward agreed, and in January 1896,
551:Elsie Hortense Broward Dumas (1896–1948)
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736:The greatest issue in the campaign was
557:Agnes Carolyn Broward Craig (1901–1995)
476:. He was allied with the Straightouts,
1774:Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
1764:Democratic Party governors of Florida
1203:Olmeda, Rafael (September 29, 2017).
681:his support. The bill passed anyway.
624:began fighting for independence from
545:Josephine Broward Beckley (1892–1970)
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1058:http://www.jstor.org/stable/30138642
804:died suddenly and Broward appointed
548:Enid Lyle Broward Hardee (1894–1943)
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60:adding citations to reliable sources
851:1908 Democratic National Convention
1809:History of Broward County, Florida
1376:January 3, 1905 – January 5, 1909
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1794:20th-century American politicians
1789:19th-century American politicians
464:Broward previously served as the
416:10 (1 with Kemp, 9 with Douglass)
289:February 27, 1888 – 1894
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474:Florida House of Representatives
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255:Florida House of Representatives
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47:needs additional citations for
27:American politician (1857–1910)
1163:. Pineapple Press. pp. 98-99.
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1180:Broward, Napoleon Bonaparte.
931:American Colonization Society
709:Broward said of his chances,
1147:"Napoleon Bonaparte Broward"
1121:"Napoleon Bonaparte Broward"
1799:American white supremacists
1125:Florida Department of State
178:Died before assuming office
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970:area as Broward Boulevard.
853:was to be held shortly in
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439:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward
138:Napoleon Bonaparte Broward
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1265:Nemmers, John R. (2011).
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1327:William Sherman Jennings
1319:Party political offices
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975:Florida State University
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802:Stephen R. Mallory, Jr.
360:Georgiana Carolina Kemp
1097:Atlantic Monthly Press
964:Florida State Road 842
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818:After the governorship
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1091:Allman, T.D. (2013).
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958:Jacksonville, Florida
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694:Campaign for governor
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333:Jacksonville, Florida
316:Duval County, Florida
277:Duval County, Florida
158:United States Senator
71:"Napoleon B. Broward"
1421:Governors of Florida
979:A residence hall at
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571:Political beginnings
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1382:Albert W. Gilchrist
1372:Governor of Florida
1365:William S. Jennings
1350:Albert W. Gilchrist
1338:Governor of Florida
1302:Napoleon B. Broward
948:Named for Broward:
899:Florida Times-Union
828:William Hall Milton
806:William James Bryan
742:William S. Jennings
246:Albert W. Gilchrist
234:William S. Jennings
211:Governor of Florida
1357:Political offices
1038:. December 2, 2014
833:Duncan U. Fletcher
797:In December 1907,
661:Return to politics
597:John N.C. Stockton
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638:The Three Friends
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
61:
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51:
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45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1607:
1509:(since 1845)
1459:Territorial
1370:
1336:nominee for
1332:
1306:Find a Grave
1271:. Retrieved
1260:
1251:Sun-Sentinel
1249:
1243:
1234:Sun-Sentinel
1232:
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1210:Sun-Sentinel
1208:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
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1129:. Retrieved
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1040:. Retrieved
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993:Lake Broward
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922:Sun-Sentinel
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799:U.S. Senator
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763:Miami Herald
761:
755:
752:Governorship
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582:Straightouts
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498:Jacksonville
491:
463:
438:
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328:(1910-10-01)
284:
262:
241:Succeeded by
218:
198:Succeeded by
177:
176:
171:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1784:1910 deaths
1779:1857 births
1273:November 4,
1188:November 4,
860:Denver Post
784:Gainesville
590:Republicans
516:New England
472:and in the
229:Preceded by
186:Preceded by
1758:Categories
1334:Democratic
1216:October 3,
1042:January 2,
1016:References
891:gallstones
844:Fort Myers
792:profession
738:Everglades
715:Fernandina
622:insurgents
455:Everglades
447:U.S. state
344:Democratic
309:1857-04-19
82:newspapers
1613:Gilchrist
1428:Military
1131:April 12,
989:, Florida
874:In 1910,
780:Lake City
719:Pensacola
586:Populists
512:steamboat
502:Civil War
421:Signature
285:In office
267:1902–1904
263:In office
219:In office
172:In office
1743:DeSantis
1713:Martinez
1658:Caldwell
1618:Trammell
1603:Jennings
1593:Mitchell
1060:, p. 123
1003:Archives
723:crackers
652:loading
478:Populist
413:Children
1678:Collins
1668:McCarty
1653:Holland
1638:Carlton
1608:Broward
1598:Bloxham
1588:Fleming
1578:Bloxham
1568:Stearns
1543:Allison
1518:Moseley
1440:Jackson
1035:WLRN-FM
902:wrote,
466:sheriff
451:Florida
445:of the
406:
398:
394:
383:
367:
363:
350:Spouses
273:Sheriff
164:Florida
160:-elect
96:scholar
1723:MacKay
1718:Chiles
1708:Mixson
1703:Graham
1683:Bryant
1663:Warren
1643:Sholtz
1633:Martin
1628:Hardee
1553:Walker
1548:Marvin
1538:Milton
1528:Broome
1506:State
1497:Branch
1431:(1821)
1167:
1127:. 2021
1103:
944:Legacy
855:Denver
831:mayor
630:Nassau
373:
335:, U.S.
318:, U.S.
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1738:Scott
1733:Crist
1698:Askew
1688:Burns
1673:Johns
1623:Catts
1583:Perry
1533:Perry
1523:Brown
1477:Eaton
1472:Duval
995:, in
677:Law.
626:Spain
605:felon
400:(
396:
381:)
369:(
365:
209:19th
162:from
103:JSTOR
89:books
1728:Bush
1693:Kirk
1648:Cone
1573:Drew
1563:Hart
1558:Reed
1492:Call
1487:Reid
1482:Call
1343:1904
1275:2017
1218:2017
1190:2017
1165:ISBN
1133:2021
1101:ISBN
1044:2023
952:The
896:The
717:and
700:Keys
634:Cuba
599:and
379:1883
375:1883
323:Died
303:Born
75:news
1304:at
1012:."
956:in
842:of
632:to
496:in
468:of
449:of
275:of
58:by
1760::
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1083:^
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119:(
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110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
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20:)
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