63:
2783:
1344:
193:
201:
447:, which led toward the Atlantic through Tolosa (Toulouse) and Burdigala (Bordeaux). Thus, the Romans built a crossroads that made Narbonne an optimal trading center, and Narbonne became a major trading competitor to Massalia. From Narbonne, the Romans established the province of Transalpine Gaul, later called Gallia Narbonensis.
2839:
2834:
2884:
1386:
2894:
458:, Gallia Narbonensis was an important base for military activities. This was an important event in the Romanization of Narbonese Gaul, as it resulted in the Romans organizing the province.
2709:
2682:
1379:
1083:
196:
The Roman
Provinces in Gaul around 58 BC; the coastline shown here is the modern one, different from the ancient coastline in some parts of the English Channel.
2713:
2614:
2589:
2688:
2698:
2660:
2656:
2782:
1343:
2751:
2747:
2671:
2667:
687:
2864:
2678:
2648:
1372:
693:
381:, was by this point centuries old and quite prosperous. Rome entered into an alliance with Massalia, by which it agreed to protect the town from local
2652:
2569:
2519:
663:
576:
between AD 462 and 477, permanently ending Roman political control. After the Gothic takeover, the
Visigothic dominions were to be generally known as
569:(Diocese of the Seven Provinces), indicating that Diocletian had demoted the word "province" to mean a smaller subdivision than in traditional usage.
2899:
2624:
502:. Julius Caesar also granted many communities in Gallia Narbonensis citizenship. In 49 BC, the city of Massalia sided with the Pompeians during the
2732:
2728:
2619:
1044:
681:
397:, to assist in troop transport. The Massalians, for their part, cared more for their economic prosperity than they did for territorial integrity.
439:
on the near side of the Alps to Rome. In this strip of land, the Romans founded the town of
Narbonne in 118 BC. At the same time, they built the
2889:
2879:
2599:
1005:
981:
926:
896:
866:
323:
founded on the coast in 118 BC. The name Gallia
Narbonensis most likely originates in the Augustan era. Its first recorded use was in a
2703:
2693:
1076:
2743:
2629:
413:
2795:
1021:
2772:
2762:
2738:
2644:
2639:
2604:
2594:
1892:
669:
514:
2609:
2757:
2724:
2549:
2539:
2041:
834:
224:
2904:
2849:
2767:
2544:
2559:
943:
2874:
2579:
2563:
2466:
1717:
1069:
651:
2574:
2555:
158:
1785:
1709:
1698:
1017:
2719:
1450:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
942:
Webster, Jane (1996). "Ethnographic barbarity: colonial discourse and 'Celtic warrior societies'.". In Cooper, Nick (ed.).
424:. This defeat substantially weakened the Arverni and ensured the further security of Gallia Narbonensis. The area became a
2512:
1852:
1486:
1036:
757:
751:
2854:
2584:
2289:
1395:
1288:
886:
856:
421:
2634:
2844:
1772:
1166:
916:
705:
1273:
745:
720:
1364:
1969:
1911:
1722:
1196:
630:
624:
2505:
2309:
2294:
2118:
1847:
1794:
1790:
1752:
1684:
1505:
1333:
1323:
1206:
1171:
1151:
1131:
606:
506:. After the war ended, the city of Massalia lost all of its independence and was fully subject to Roman rule.
2113:
2060:
1997:
1837:
1827:
1656:
1626:
1278:
1263:
1201:
1116:
1106:
699:
600:
328:
2319:
1762:
1646:
1251:
1111:
618:
2334:
2103:
1916:
1842:
1435:
1146:
971:
657:
312:
62:
503:
1757:
2472:
1989:
1641:
1473:
1443:
1283:
1176:
467:
612:
2478:
2433:
2251:
2241:
1903:
1732:
1679:
1674:
1447:
1181:
1156:
530:
393:
and other rivals, in exchange for a small strip of land that it wanted in order to build a road to
2329:
2304:
2211:
2186:
2075:
1959:
1809:
1621:
1418:
1268:
1221:
711:
510:
288:
151:
1054:
259:. It became a Roman province in the late 2nd century BC. Gallia Narbonensis was bordered by the
1061:
400:
During this period, the
Mediterranean settlements on the coast were threatened by the powerful
2859:
2456:
2163:
2153:
2148:
2052:
2022:
1819:
1669:
1560:
1550:
1525:
1520:
1353:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
1313:
1308:
1236:
1231:
1040:
1001:
977:
922:
892:
862:
830:
565:
471:
455:
826:
2392:
2387:
2344:
2299:
2206:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1879:
1616:
1608:
1241:
1211:
1050:
560:
552:
354:
200:
470:, gave the Roman state several advantages: control of the land route between Italy and the
2869:
2372:
2362:
2269:
2221:
2176:
2095:
2017:
2002:
1921:
1664:
1568:
1540:
1515:
1497:
1126:
482:
valley between Gaul and the markets of
Massalia. It was from the capital of Narbonne that
232:
89:
192:
2528:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2314:
2259:
2070:
1964:
1936:
1926:
1804:
1593:
1588:
1545:
1535:
1216:
1136:
1092:
730:
436:
425:
370:
256:
252:
220:
45:
2828:
2264:
2216:
2181:
2171:
2080:
1780:
1583:
1578:
1530:
1510:
1439:
1423:
1161:
1141:
1121:
522:
483:
451:
444:
204:
Gallia
Narbonensis can be seen in the south of modern-day France as a Roman province.
75:
517:
was given responsibility for
Narbonese Gaul (along with Hispania and Africa), while
2462:
2279:
2274:
2226:
2012:
1979:
1974:
1799:
1573:
1451:
1186:
636:
366:
324:
320:
284:
272:
240:
49:
820:
295:, its location between the Spanish provinces and Rome, and its financial output.
2485:
2357:
2324:
2236:
2191:
2065:
2007:
1328:
1257:
1191:
518:
487:
440:
264:
1458:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
2352:
2196:
1598:
1427:
1354:
822:
Contours of the World
Economy 1–2030 AD: Essays in Macro-Economic History
577:
541:
416:
campaigned in the area and defeated the
Allobroges and the Arverni under king
409:
280:
17:
2810:
2797:
951:. School of Archaeological Studies, University of Leicester. pp. 117–118
2138:
2027:
1636:
1631:
1246:
573:
534:
454:(80–72 BCE) against the breakaway state of former Roman senator and general
374:
495:
2231:
2201:
2123:
1832:
1747:
1455:
581:
526:
491:
479:
417:
394:
390:
386:
345:
340:
316:
292:
260:
228:
216:
2428:
2284:
2143:
2085:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1303:
405:
378:
2438:
1318:
1298:
1293:
443:, the first Roman road in Gaul, connecting Gaul to Hispania, and the
377:) on the southern coast of Gaul. Massalia, founded by colonists from
184:
176:
712:
Lucius Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus
67:
The province of Gallia Narbonensis within the Roman Empire in 125 AD
2484: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
572:
Galla Narbonensis and surrounding areas were incorporated into the
478:
attacks on Italy; and control of the lucrative trade routes of the
431:
The province had come into Roman control originally under the name
2497:
2133:
2128:
2108:
499:
401:
382:
276:
212:
199:
180:
1848:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
885:
Bowman, Alan K.; Champlin, Edward; Lintott, Andrew (1996-02-08).
279:
catchment. The western region of Gallia Narbonensis was known as
475:
412:. In the First Transalpine War (125–121 BCE), the Roman general
268:
244:
2501:
2417:
1877:
1471:
1407:
1368:
1065:
414:
Quintus Fabius Maximus (later additionally named Allobrogicus)
339:("the province"). The term has survived in the modern name of
315:(colloquially known as Narbo, at the location of the modern
1442:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
763:
C. Seius Calpurnius Quadratus Sittianus—middle 3rd century
559:(Diocese of Vienne) with the capital more to the north in
2840:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
2835:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
404:
tribes to the north, especially the tribes known as the
275:
on the south; the province included the majority of the
27:
Roman Empire province from 121 BC to the 5th century AD
466:
Control of the province, which bordered directly on
2885:
2nd-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
2343:
2250:
2162:
2094:
2051:
2040:
1988:
1950:
1902:
1891:
1818:
1771:
1708:
1697:
1655:
1607:
1559:
1496:
1485:
973:
Transalpine Gaul: The Emergence of a Roman Province
588:
List of proconsular governors of Gallia Narbonensis
172:
109:
99:
85:
71:
32:
544:'s administrative reorganization of the Empire in
2895:5th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
580:, while to the east of the lower Rhone the term
551:314 merged the provinces Gallia Narbonensis and
435:(Transalpine Gaul), which distinguished it from
563:. The new diocese's name was later changed to
521:was given the balance of Gaul. After becoming
2513:
2465:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
1380:
1077:
945:Roman Imperialism: Post-Colonial Perspectives
596:(London: Batsford, 1988), pp. 79, 86f.)
251:("Transalpine Gaul"), distinguishing it from
8:
688:Lucius Novius Crispinus Martialis Saturninus
2488:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
825:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.
239:("Our Province"), because it was the first
2520:
2506:
2498:
2414:
2048:
1899:
1888:
1874:
1705:
1493:
1482:
1468:
1404:
1387:
1373:
1365:
1084:
1070:
1062:
694:Gaius Seius Calpurnius Quadratus Sittianus
283:. The province was a valuable part of the
61:
29:
1422:. Provincial administration reformed and
664:Marcus Acilius Priscus Egrilius Plarianus
343:for the eastern part of the area (French
311:, after its newly established capital of
1396:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
780:The name is also variously expressed as
191:
1046:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
814:
812:
808:
773:
307:("Transalpine Gaul") was later renamed
70:
555:into a new administrative unit called
918:Caesar in Gaul and Rome: War in Words
592:(This list is based on A.L.F. Rivet,
126:
122:
108:
98:
94:
80:
7:
1093:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
910:
908:
880:
878:
850:
848:
846:
219:", from its chief settlement) was a
752:Gaius Aemilius Berenicianus Maximus
2865:Former countries in French history
998:The Romans, From Village to Empire
729:, allegedly killed for supporting
670:Lucius Aninius Sextius Florentinus
25:
915:Riggsby, Andrew M. (2006-07-01).
2781:
1828:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
1454:in c. 640–660, although in
1342:
858:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
156:
2900:Provinces of the Roman Republic
1438:established after the death of
706:Gnaeus Cornelius Aquilius Niger
652:Gaius Iulius Cornutus Tertullus
474:; a territorial buffer against
1786:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1710:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
891:. Cambridge University Press.
855:Bunson, Matthew (2014-05-14).
33:Province of Gallia Narbonensis
1:
2890:5th-century disestablishments
2880:2nd-century BC establishments
1853:Tripolitania (Roman province)
1431:
921:. University of Texas Press.
888:The Cambridge Ancient History
734:
721:Lucius Ranius Optatus Novatus
673:
643:
566:Dioecesis Septem Provinciarum
545:
369:was trading heavily with the
37:Provincia Gallia Narbonensis
2461: Re-established after
1773:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
373:colony of Massalia (modern
365:By the mid-2nd century BC,
335:("our province") or simply
331:. The Romans had called it
291:and later Roman Civitas of
111:• Visigothic conquest
2921:
746:Tiberius Claudius Paulinus
742:...]us—between 210 and 230
625:Torquatus Novellus Atticus
529:made Gallia Narbonensis a
2779:
2535:
2451:
2434:Quaestura exercitus (536)
2424:
2413:
1887:
1873:
1481:
1467:
1414:
1403:
1351:
1340:
1102:
717:...]dius T.f.—2nd century
631:Titus Mussidius Pollianus
607:Marcus Cincius Saturninus
422:Battle of the Isère River
131:
127:
123:
119:
95:
81:
60:
55:
44:
2310:Palaestina III Salutaris
1506:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
1132:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
819:Maddison, Angus (2007),
494:and built the cities of
2905:France in the Roman era
2850:Provinces of Roman Gaul
2710:Mauretania Caesariensis
2477: Placed under the
1838:Mauretania Caesariensis
1657:Diocese of the Britains
1279:Mauretania Caesariensis
1049:. London: John Murray.
861:. Infobase Publishing.
249:Gallia Transalpina
235:. It was also known as
223:located in what is now
2875:120s BC establishments
2683:Hispania Tarraconensis
2320:Phoenice II Libanensis
2023:Macedonia II Salutaris
1436:praetorian prefectures
1398:(4th–7th centuries AD)
1252:Hispania Tarraconensis
970:Ebel, Charles (1976).
682:Lucius Aurelius Gallus
619:Manius Vibius Balbinus
243:province north of the
205:
197:
2042:Praetorian prefecture
1917:Noricum mediterraneum
1893:Praetorian prefecture
1843:Mauretania Sitifensis
1738:Picenum Suburbicarium
1699:Praetorian prefecture
1487:Praetorian prefecture
1434: 293. Permanent
700:Lucius Cestius Gallus
658:Aulus Larcius Priscus
603:—between 18 and 16 BC
601:Gnaeus Pullius Pollio
509:In 40 BC, during the
329:Gnaeus Pullius Pollio
313:Colonia Narbo Martius
271:on the east, and the
237:Provincia Nostra
203:
195:
2714:Mauretania Tingitana
2610:Corsica and Sardinia
2550:Africa proconsularis
2473:Diocese of Illyricum
2467:Prefecture of Africa
2222:Galatia II Salutaris
1990:Diocese of Macedonia
1880:Eastern Roman Empire
1642:Mauretania Tingitana
1474:Western Roman Empire
1284:Mauretania Tingitana
1177:Corsica and Sardinia
1117:Africa proconsularis
1041:"Gallia Transalpina"
760:—between 222 and 235
754:—between 222 and 235
723:—between 197 and 214
714:—between 180 and 192
708:—between 138 and 192
702:—between 165 and 183
557:Dioecesis Viennensis
2855:History of Narbonne
2807: /
2615:Crete and Cyrenaica
2590:Bithynia and Pontus
2479:Quaestura exercitus
2252:Diocese of the East
2242:Pontus Polemoniacus
1904:Diocese of Pannonia
1733:Lucania et Bruttium
1680:Maxima Caesariensis
1675:Flavia Caesariensis
1182:Crete and Cyrenaica
1157:Bithynia and Pontus
996:Boatwright et al.,
531:senatorial province
101:• Established
2845:Gallia Narbonensis
2811:44.0000°N 4.0000°E
2699:Lycia et Pamphylia
2661:Gallia Narbonensis
2657:Gallia Lugdunensis
2330:Syria II Salutaris
2187:Armenian Satrapies
1960:Dacia Mediterranea
1882:(395–c. 640)
1810:Venetia et Histria
1718:Apulia et Calabria
1419:Notitia Dignitatum
1269:Lycia et Pamphylia
1247:Hispania Lusitania
1227:Gallia Narbonensis
1222:Gallia Lugdunensis
594:Gallia Narbonensis
574:Visigothic Kingdom
511:Second Triumvirate
433:Gallia Transalpina
309:Gallia Narbonensis
305:Gallia Transalpina
267:to the north, the
261:Pyrenees Mountains
209:Gallia Narbonensis
206:
198:
152:Visigothic Kingdom
56:121 BC–5th century
2790:
2789:
2752:Pannonia Superior
2748:Pannonia Inferior
2672:Germania Superior
2668:Germania Inferior
2495:
2494:
2457:Septem Provinciae
2447:
2446:
2419:Other territories
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2192:Armenia III (536)
2164:Diocese of Pontus
2154:Phrygia Salutaris
2149:Phrygia Pacatiana
2053:Diocese of Thrace
2036:
2035:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1820:Diocese of Africa
1693:
1692:
1561:Diocese of Vienne
1551:Maxima Sequanorum
1463:
1462:
1362:
1361:
1314:Pannonia Superior
1309:Pannonia Inferior
1237:Germania Superior
1232:Germania Inferior
1096:
1006:978-0-19-511876-6
983:978-90-04-04384-8
976:. Brill Archive.
928:978-0-292-71303-1
898:978-0-521-26430-3
868:978-1-4381-1027-1
794:Narbonensian Gaul
768:Explanatory notes
490:. Caesar rebuilt
472:Iberian Peninsula
263:on the west, the
190:
189:
168:
167:
164:
163:
16:(Redirected from
2912:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2785:
2679:Hispania Baetica
2649:Gallia Aquitania
2522:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2471: Later the
2455: Later the
2415:
2393:Thebais Inferior
2388:Thebais Superior
2345:Diocese of Egypt
2335:Theodorias (528)
2197:Armenia IV (536)
2049:
1952:Diocese of Dacia
1942:Valeria ripensis
1900:
1889:
1875:
1758:Tuscia et Umbria
1706:
1609:Diocese of Spain
1494:
1483:
1469:
1433:
1416:As found in the
1405:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1366:
1346:
1242:Hispania Baetica
1212:Gallia Aquitania
1094:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1058:
1024:
1014:
1008:
994:
988:
987:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
950:
939:
933:
932:
912:
903:
902:
882:
873:
872:
852:
841:
839:
816:
797:
778:
739:
736:
678:
675:
648:
645:
642:L. Vdius Bassus—
553:Gallia Aquitania
550:
547:
333:Provincia Nostra
303:The province of
160:
159:
148:
147:
133:
132:
65:
39:
38:
30:
21:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2825:
2824:
2816:44.0000; 4.0000
2815:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2777:
2733:Moesia Superior
2729:Moesia Inferior
2560:Alpes Maritimae
2531:
2529:Roman governors
2526:
2496:
2491:
2443:
2420:
2397:
2373:Augustamnica II
2339:
2246:
2158:
2096:Diocese of Asia
2090:
2043:
2032:
2018:Macedonia Prima
1984:
1946:
1922:Noricum ripense
1894:
1883:
1857:
1814:
1767:
1700:
1689:
1651:
1603:
1569:Alpes Maritimae
1555:
1541:Lugdunensis III
1498:Diocese of Gaul
1488:
1477:
1476:(395–476)
1459:
1426:established by
1410:
1399:
1393:
1363:
1358:
1347:
1338:
1299:Moesia Superior
1294:Moesia Inferior
1127:Alpes Maritimae
1098:
1090:
1055:2027/hvd.ah5cuq
1039:, ed. (1872) .
1035:
1032:
1030:Further reading
1027:
1015:
1011:
995:
991:
984:
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
948:
941:
940:
936:
929:
914:
913:
906:
899:
884:
883:
876:
869:
854:
853:
844:
837:
818:
817:
810:
806:
801:
800:
786:Narbonnese Gaul
779:
775:
770:
737:
676:
646:
615:—under Tiberius
609:—under Augustus
590:
584:came into use.
548:
464:
363:
301:
287:, owing to the
233:Southern France
183:
179:
157:
112:
102:
66:
40:
36:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2918:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2826:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2741:
2736:
2722:
2717:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2675:
2664:
2653:Gallia Belgica
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Arabia Petraea
2567:
2564:Alpes Poeninae
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Libya Inferior
2380:
2378:Libya Superior
2375:
2370:
2368:Augustamnica I
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:Lycaonia (370)
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Dacia Ripensis
1962:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:Carthaginensis
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:Novempopulania
1591:
1589:Narbonensis II
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1546:Lugdunensis IV
1543:
1538:
1536:Lugdunensis II
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:Gallia Belgica
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:Arabia Petraea
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1009:
989:
982:
962:
934:
927:
904:
897:
874:
867:
842:
835:
807:
805:
802:
799:
798:
790:Narbonian Gaul
772:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
755:
749:
743:
740:
724:
718:
715:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
667:
661:
655:
649:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
613:Titedius Labeo
610:
604:
589:
586:
533:governed by a
463:
460:
437:Cisalpine Gaul
426:Roman province
362:
359:
300:
297:
257:Northern Italy
253:Cisalpine Gaul
221:Roman province
188:
187:
174:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
154:
145:
142:
141:
136:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
87:
86:Historical era
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
58:
57:
53:
52:
42:
41:
34:
26:
24:
18:Narbonensis II
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2917:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2823:
2820:
2784:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:Alpes Cottiae
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:Palaestina II
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Cappadocia II
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Armenia Maior
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Alpes Cottiae
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1696:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1647:Tarraconensis
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1584:Narbonensis I
1582:
1580:
1579:Aquitanica II
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Lugdunensis I
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:Constantine I
1437:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Alpes Cottiae
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1037:William Smith
1034:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
985:
979:
975:
974:
966:
963:
947:
946:
938:
935:
930:
924:
920:
919:
911:
909:
905:
900:
894:
890:
889:
881:
879:
875:
870:
864:
860:
859:
851:
849:
847:
843:
838:
836:9780191647581
832:
828:
824:
823:
815:
813:
809:
803:
795:
791:
787:
783:
777:
774:
767:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
732:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:
597:
595:
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
567:
562:
558:
554:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:Julius Caesar
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:Later history
461:
459:
457:
453:
452:Sertorian War
448:
446:
445:Via Aquitania
442:
438:
434:
429:
428:in 121 BCE.
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
391:Carthaginians
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:conducted by
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:for "Gaul of
214:
210:
202:
194:
186:
182:
178:
175:
173:Today part of
171:
155:
153:
150:
149:
146:
144:
143:
140:
137:
135:
134:
130:
118:
114:
104:
91:
88:
84:
77:
76:Narbo Martius
74:
64:
59:
54:
51:
47:
43:
31:
19:
2792:
2708:Mauretania (
2439:Spania (552)
2300:Palaestina I
2280:Euphratensis
2227:Helenopontus
2207:Cappadocia I
2114:Hellespontus
2013:Epirus Vetus
1980:Praevalitana
1895:of Illyricum
1685:Valentia (?)
1670:Britannia II
1574:Aquitanica I
1452:theme system
1417:
1256:
1226:
1045:
1016:
1012:
997:
992:
972:
965:
953:. Retrieved
944:
937:
917:
887:
857:
821:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
726:
637:Titus Vinius
593:
591:
571:
564:
556:
539:
508:
496:Forum Julium
465:
449:
432:
430:
399:
389:, sea-borne
364:
350:
344:
336:
332:
321:Roman colony
308:
304:
302:
289:Greek colony
285:Roman Empire
273:Gulf of Lion
248:
236:
208:
207:
139:Succeeded by
138:
50:Roman Empire
2814: /
2720:Mesopotamia
2486:Justinian I
2358:Aegyptus II
2290:Mesopotamia
2237:Paphlagonia
2066:Haemimontus
2044:of the East
2008:Epirus Nova
1932:Pannonia II
1665:Britannia I
1526:Germania II
1357:'s reforms.
1289:Mesopotamia
696:—before 150
639:—under Nero
519:Mark Antony
488:Gallic Wars
450:During the
441:Via Domitia
357:of France.
115:5th century
2829:Categories
2799:44°00′00″N
2677:Hispania (
2666:Germania (
2600:Cappadocia
2463:reconquest
2353:Aegyptus I
2315:Phoenice I
2270:Cilicia II
2177:Armenia II
1927:Pannonia I
1599:Viennensis
1521:Germania I
1516:Belgica II
1456:Asia Minor
1428:Diocletian
1355:Diocletian
1167:Cappadocia
804:References
738: 210
677: 124
654:—before 78
578:Septimania
542:Diocletian
486:began his
410:Allobroges
349:, Occitan
281:Septimania
2802:4°00′00″E
2704:Macedonia
2694:Lusitania
2595:Britannia
2265:Cilicia I
2217:Galatia I
2172:Armenia I
2139:Pamphylia
2071:Moesia II
2028:Thessalia
1805:Raetia II
1637:Lusitania
1632:Gallaecia
1622:Balearica
1511:Belgica I
1274:Macedonia
1162:Britannia
1022:XIV, 2831
782:Narbonese
647: 77
621:—15–17 AD
549: AD
535:proconsul
504:civil war
456:Sertorius
385:, nearby
375:Marseille
353:), now a
337:Provincia
247:, and as
225:Occitania
90:Antiquity
2860:Provence
2744:Pannonia
2630:Dalmatia
2545:Aegyptus
2232:Honorias
2202:Bithynia
1975:Moesia I
1970:Dardania
1912:Dalmatia
1833:Byzacena
1800:Raetia I
1748:Sardinia
1723:Campania
1701:of Italy
1424:dioceses
1197:Dalmatia
1112:Aegyptus
1095:(117 AD)
1000:, p.272
758:Iulianus
748:—216–217
690:—144–145
684:—124–127
666:—118–120
660:—103–109
582:Provence
540:Emperor
527:Augustus
418:Bituitus
408:and the
395:Hispania
387:Aquitani
361:Founding
351:Provença
346:Provence
341:Provence
317:Narbonne
293:Massalia
265:CĂ©vennes
229:Provence
217:Narbonne
46:Province
2773:Thracia
2763:Sicilia
2739:Noricum
2640:Galatia
2605:Cilicia
2585:Assyria
2575:Armenia
2554:Alpes (
2429:Taurica
2363:Arcadia
2325:Syria I
2295:Osroene
2285:Isauria
2144:Pisidia
2119:Islands
2086:Thracia
2081:Scythia
2076:Rhodope
1795:Aemilia
1791:Liguria
1763:Valeria
1753:Sicilia
1743:Samnium
1728:Corsica
1617:Baetica
1489:of Gaul
1444:Ravenna
1409:History
1334:Thracia
1324:Sicilia
1304:Noricum
1207:Galatia
1172:Cilicia
1152:Assyria
1142:Armenia
955:5 April
727:Ignotus
523:Emperor
515:Lepidus
420:in the
406:Arverni
379:Phocaea
72:Capital
48:of the
2870:121 BC
2758:Raetia
2725:Moesia
2689:Judaea
2635:Epirus
2620:Cyprus
2540:Achaia
2481:in 536
2275:Cyprus
2260:Arabia
2061:Europa
1998:Achaea
1448:Africa
1319:Raetia
1264:Iudaea
1258:Italia
1202:Epirus
1187:Cyprus
1107:Achaia
1004:
980:
925:
895:
865:
833:
792:, and
633:—34–37
627:—30–34
561:Vienne
476:Gallic
468:Italia
402:Gallic
355:region
325:census
185:Monaco
177:France
105:121 BC
2768:Syria
2625:Dacia
2134:Lydia
2129:Lycia
2109:Caria
2003:Creta
1937:Savia
1329:Syria
1192:Dacia
949:(PDF)
500:Arles
492:Narbo
480:RhĂ´ne
383:Gauls
371:Greek
319:), a
299:Names
277:Rhone
241:Roman
231:, in
213:Latin
181:Italy
2750:and
2731:and
2712:and
2681:and
2670:and
2659:and
2645:Gaul
2580:Asia
2562:and
2104:Asia
1446:and
1147:Asia
1002:ISBN
978:ISBN
957:2023
923:ISBN
893:ISBN
863:ISBN
831:ISBN
731:Geta
498:and
367:Rome
269:Alps
245:Alps
227:and
1793:et
1051:hdl
1018:CIL
784:or
537:.
255:in
2831::
2655:,
2651:,
2558:,
1432:c.
1430:,
1043:.
907:^
877:^
845:^
829:,
827:41
811:^
788:,
735:c.
674:c.
644:c.
546:c.
525:,
513:,
2754:)
2746:(
2735:)
2727:(
2716:)
2685:)
2674:)
2663:)
2647:(
2566:)
2521:e
2514:t
2507:v
1388:e
1381:t
1374:v
1085:e
1078:t
1071:v
1057:.
1053::
986:.
959:.
931:.
901:.
871:.
840:.
796:.
733:—
672:—
211:(
20:)
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