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Buddhists. Pre-medieval
Buddhist viharas (monasteries), panchastupas, octagonal stupas and a brick drainage system along with newly discovered brick pathways, an entrance gate to the stupa complex in the north, and multiple residences indicate a well-established city at Nateshwar. The upper walls of
1199:
or a depository with red and black copper coins was found. Earthen cooking pots, water pots, lamps etc. were among some of the other archaeological findings. Some of the stupas found at
Nateshwar are interlinked with three other stupas; each of them is called a ChaturstÅĢpa. The stupas have 4-metre
1266:
Further archaeological findings include the ruins of
Buddhist monasteries with seven monastic rooms, two almost intact brick paved roads, quadrilateral and octagonal stupas used for religious rituals or burials, and a 2.75-metre (9.0 ft) thick meandering wall on the south-east side suggest a
1122:
of
Munshiganj Sadar Upazila indicate that by that time Bikrampur may had been a center for Buddhist pilgrimage. From AtiÅa's writings, it is estimated that there were almost 25,000 Buddhist temples in the "temple-city" where he was born. The pyramid-shaped structure found at Nateshwar was perhaps
1283:
The largest complete pyramid-shaped stupa in
Bangladesh found during the excavations in 2019â20 occupies a total area of about 2,000 square metres (22,000 sq ft) with a height of about 44 metres (144 ft). It is 44 metres (144 ft) long to the south. The dais is 64 centimetres
1267:
well-planned city. The octagonal stupa occupies an area of about 25.2 square metres (271 sq ft). Each of its sides is 9.2 metres (30 ft) long; diagonally it measures 8.6 metres (28 ft). There is also a cross-shaped central AášŖášamÄrga (eight ways) shrine that was used by the
1193:, pathways and drains made of bricks were unearthed. Moreover, a 100 square metre (1,076 sq ft) temple from the 8thâ9th century was found next to the octagonal stupas. From 2013 to 2019, approximately 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft) were excavated at Nateshwar.
1284:(25 in) high and 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide. Carbon-dating in a laboratory in the USA indicates the pyramid-shaped stupa was built during the period from 780 to 950 CE. Considering the time period, it was built before the birth of AtiÅa (982â1054 CE).
1635:
1715:
1246:
testing of 26 specimens of charcoal found in the excavations, America's Beta
Analytic Inc. Laboratory fixed two time period for human settlement at Nateshwar. The first settlement began in 780 CE during the reign of the
1215:
style. They are mainly tombs or burial chambers, and an important part of
Buddhist architecture. They reflect the views and culture of Buddhist civilisation, and are sometimes seen as the symbol of
1186:
at
Raghurampur, which has been carbon-dated to be from 990 to 1050 CE. Excavations in Nateshwar began in 2012â13. A research team from a Chinese archaeological institute joined the project in 2014.
1767:
1069:
region. Archaeological excavation began at
Nateshwar in 2012â13. From 2013 to 2018, an area of approximately 500 square metres (5,400 sq ft) was excavated. Sixteen Buddhist
1287:
There is also some evidence that new buildings were constructed over the older ones. At least five construction periods can be identified from a 7 metres (23 ft) depth.
1108:"There is a country in the eastern part of India, named Jia Bang Lao. There are thousands of buildings in the capital city. The palace of the city is gilded with gold."
1010:
2107:
1760:
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has been used for the construction of those buildings, including the temples. This fine-grained pumice-like volcanic ash would have protected the structures from
1299:. The Bangladeshi government is planning to develop an archaeological park at Nateshwar after excavations are completed in 2024. Archaeologists expect that
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50:
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the
Chaturstupas are wider than the lower walls. This style of architecture is different from other archaeological sites in Bangladesh.
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103:
907:
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During the excavation in 2012â13, a human settlement was unearthed at Nateshwar. Beginning in 2013, Buddhist temples, octagonal
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1818:
958:
927:
832:
735:
298:
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1239:. Buddhist stupas are predominantly dome-shaped. However, a unique pyramid-shaped stupa has been excavated at Nateshwar.
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827:
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1918:
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During the excavations of 2019â20, a pyramid-shaped stupa was unearthed, the largest found in Bangladesh to date.
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802:
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1053:'Temple complex of Nateshwar') is a Buddhist archaeological site located in the village of Nateshwar in
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710:
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637:
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This article is about an archaeological site in Bangladesh. For the dancing depiction of Hindu lord Shiva, see
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Excavation work continues at Nateshwar. The archaeological findings from the site have been preserved in the
1255:(900â1050 CE). The second phase continued from 950 to 1223 CE and lasted through the reigns of the Chandras,
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572:
514:
1996:
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775:
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1174:. In 2010, the first archaeological excavation work began at nine locations in three villages across
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1808:
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1065:. It is the ruin of a Buddhist city established from 780 to 950 CE and from 950 to 1223 CE in the
968:
720:
649:
578:
213:
1345:"āĻĒāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻĄ āĻāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒā§āĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨" [Pyramid-shaped Stupa found in Nateshwar] (in Bengali).
1612:
1211:
As of August 2020, sixteen stupas have been unearthed at Nateshwar. They were constructed in a
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1883:
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2076:
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2016:
1958:
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1200:(13 ft) thick walls. The two pairs of ChaturstÅĢpas are unique in Bangladesh.
2056:
1968:
1873:
1853:
1785:
1162:'Destroyer of the achievements'). The location of Bikrampur (along with
1132:
1073:, including Bangladesh's only pyramid-shaped one, have been found in Nateshwar.
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681:
643:
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2006:
1986:
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1953:
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560:
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105:
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2021:
1938:
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1376:"āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻāĻ¸āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒā§ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ°, āĻ°āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤āĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŽāĻĒā§āĻ˛ā§āĻā§āĻ¸: āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ° āĻŦāĻāĻ° āĻāĻā§āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻāĻ°!"
1268:
1243:
1081:
1066:
531:
398:
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The "glory of Bikrampur" was previously thought to have disappeared in the
1418:"āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻā§āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻ°āĻŽāĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ¨āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛āĻā§ ā§§ā§Š āĻļ āĻŦāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¨ā§ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨"
1948:
1878:
1843:
1823:
1277:
1216:
1118:
The ancient Buddhist ruins found during the excavations at Nateshwar and
1101:
431:
382:
344:
153:
20:
1963:
1803:
1236:
1228:
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and Nateshwar) first came to be discussed in the writings of historian
216:, Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Hunan Province, China
1933:
1777:
1300:
1273:
1224:
1190:
1070:
142:
1482:"āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨: āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻĒāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻĄ āĻāĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ° āĻ¨āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒ"
1813:
138:
1740:
177:
1749:
1529:"āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ˛ā§āĻ¨ āĻ
āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§"
1223:. The stupas of Nateshwar can be compared to the Mahastupas of
208:
Oitijjo Onneshon Gobeshona (Heritage Exploration Research,
1123:
AtiÅa's place of worship or the centre of his preaching.
1718:[The museum of Balasura] (in Bengali). Jugantar
1559:"āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻĻā§āĻāĻ˛ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ°ā§āĻˇā§āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ"
234:
Shah Sufi Mustafizur Rahman, Jahangirnagar University;
1613:"āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻ¸āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž āĻšāĻŦā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°"
1150:
1104:(982â1054 CE) described this region in his writings:
1041:
1667:"āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤āĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ° āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĒ"
1446:"āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§ āĻšāĻžāĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ¯āĻŧāĻž āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻ¨āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻžāĻ° āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨"
1251:(ca. 750â800 CE) and lasted until 950 CE during the
1977:
1784:
245:
240:
230:
220:
204:
199:
191:
183:
173:
168:
160:
148:
134:
97:
87:
73:
1584:(in Bengali). Nateshwar, Munshiganj: Prothom Alo
1106:
152:Jia Bang Lao (as mentioned in the biography of
1582:"āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¤ā§āĻ¨-āĻ¨āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨: āĻĒāĻŋāĻ°āĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻĄ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻ
āĻ¨āĻ¨ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ¨āĻž"
1509:(in Bengali). Bangla Tribune. 27 February 2016
1761:
1671:Tongibari Upazila: Bangladesh National Portal
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1004:
8:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1531:(in Bengali). Bangla Tribune. 6 January 2018
32:
1695:(in Bengali). Prothom Alo. 28 February 2016
1615:(in Bengali). Banglanews24. 1 February 2019
1484:(in Bengali). Nateshwar, Tongibari: Samakal
1378:(in Bengali). Prothom Alo. 17 February 2015
1768:
1754:
1746:
1636:"āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻļāĻžāĻ˛ā§: āĻļāĻŋāĻāĻĄāĻŧ-āĻ¸āĻ¨ā§āĻ§āĻžāĻ¨ā§ āĻāĻŦā§āĻˇāĻ"
1557:Dipu, Kaji Sabbir Ahmed (7 January 2018).
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1507:"āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āĻ¤"
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1011:
997:
256:
31:
1634:Rahman, Sufi Mustafizur (14 April 2016).
1480:Dipu, Kaji Sabbir Ahmed (19 March 2020).
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1693:"āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°: āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻ°āĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻ¨ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§"
1448:(in Bengali). Munshiganj: Dhaka Tribune
1316:
270:
259:
1714:Aziz, Gazi Munsur (20 November 2018).
1673:(in Bengali). Government of Bangladesh
1340:
1291:Future planning of archaeological site
844:Transition to democracy, 1991 â 2008
813:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
808:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
799:Post-independence years, 1972 â 1975
57:
2108:Former populated places in Bangladesh
1501:
1499:
1420:(in Bengali). Munshiganj: Prothom Alo
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
934:Interim Government era, 2024âpresent
923:2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement
903:2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement
883:2013 Bangladesh quota reform movement
7:
1439:
1437:
1435:
898:2018 Bangladesh road-safety protests
858:2006â08 Bangladeshi political crisis
756:Provisional Government of Bangladesh
1580:Mahmud, Iftekhar (7 January 2018).
1135:riverbed, namely the "Kirtinasha" (
853:Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord
65:Location of Nateshwar in Bangladesh
2098:Buddhist monasteries in Bangladesh
2088:Archaeological sites in Bangladesh
1444:Hasan, Tanjil (18 February 2019).
1416:Hasan, Tanvir (18 December 2015).
868:Vision 2021 and Digital Bangladesh
848:Caretaker government of Bangladesh
14:
1561:(in Bengali). Munshiganj: Samakal
908:2021 Bangladesh Communal Violence
893:2015 Bangladeshi political crisis
16:Archaeological site in Bangladesh
980:
731:Pakistani general election, 1970
281:
56:
49:
959:Timeline of Bangladeshi history
918:Bangladesh protests (2022â2024)
833:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
23:. For the temple in Nepal, see
1303:will recognise Nateshwar as a
928:Non-cooperation movement, 2024
736:Non-cooperation movement, 1971
726:1969 uprising in East Pakistan
1:
1741:Agrashar Bikrampur Foundation
888:International Crimes Tribunal
864:Parliamentary era, 2009â2024
395:Period, c. 185 BCE â c. 75 AD
236:Agrashar Bikrampur Foundation
2118:Indian Buddhist missionaries
2103:Buddhist sites in Bangladesh
828:Military coups in Bangladesh
824:Military rule, 1975 â 1990
351:Northern Black Polished Ware
225:Ministry of Cultural Affairs
1170:, the first curator of the
1151:
1042:
878:2013 Shapla Square protests
751:Declaration of Independence
2134:
1776:Ancient-Medieval sites in
716:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
688:Partition of Bengal (1947)
655:Partition of Bengal (1905)
405:Indo-Roman trade relations
18:
1638:(in Bengali). Prothom Alo
1140:
1127:Archaeological excavation
1031:
803:Bangladesh famine of 1974
743:Bangladesh Liberation War
698:Bengali Language Movement
579:Chittagong-Arakan Kingdom
401:, c. 114 BCE â c. 1450 AD
44:
37:
1113:AtiÅa DÄĢpankara ÅrÄĢjÃąÄna
1102:AtiÅa DÄĢpankara ÅrÄĢjÃąÄna
873:Bangladesh Rifles revolt
761:1971 Bangladesh Genocide
711:1964 East Pakistan riots
670:Prime Minister of Bengal
660:Eastern Bengal and Assam
385:, c. 232 BCE â c. 800 AD
210:Jahangirnagar University
154:AtiÅa DÄĢpankara ÅrÄĢjÃąÄna
38:
1259:(ca. 1080â1150 CE) and
1168:Nalini Kanta Bhattasali
573:Porto Grande de Bengala
407:, c. 30 BCE â c. 600 AD
341:, c. 1200 â c. 200 BCE
335:, c. 3300 â c. 1200 BCE
329:, c. 7600 â c. 3300 BCE
119:23.531680°N 90.469358°E
2113:Buddhism in Bangladesh
1213:Buddhist architectural
1116:
399:Southwestern Silk Road
347:, c. 1200 â c. 600 BCE
1997:Chandrapur University
987:Bangladesh portal
776:Surrender of Pakistan
693:East Bengali refugees
665:Bengal famine of 1943
625:Bengal famine of 1770
549:Hussain Shahi dynasty
379:, c. 325 â c. 185 BCE
373:, c. 350 â c. 325 BCE
367:, c. 400 â c. 325 BCE
365:Bengal in Mahabharata
359:, c. 700 â c. 200 BCE
353:, c. 700 â c. 200 BCE
250:Buddhist architecture
2012:Jagaddala Mahavihara
707:, c. 1955 â c. 1971
684:, c. 1947 â c. 1955
646:, c. 1858 â c. 1947
621:, c. 1757 â c. 1858
587:, c. 1576 â c. 1717
540:, c. 1352 â c. 1576
511:, c. 1204 â c. 1338
505:, c. 1203 â c. 1600s
428:, c. 240 â c. 550 AD
246:Architectural styles
124:23.531680; 90.469358
2093:Munshiganj District
2047:Somapura Mahavihara
1305:World Heritage Site
1182:; it uncovered the
1088:capital during the
1059:Munshiganj District
640:, c. 1857 â c. 1858
638:The Great Rebellion
634:, c. 1818 â c. 1884
615:, c. 1717 â c. 1757
581:, c. 1530 â c. 1666
575:, c. 1528 â c. 1666
569:, c. 1550 â c. 1620
563:, c. 1540 â c. 1556
544:Ilyas Shahi dynasty
534:, c. 1338 â c. 1352
532:Sonargaon Sultanate
484:, c. 1100 â c. 1250
478:, c. 1070 â c. 1320
464:, c. 800 â c. 1050
115: /
82:Munshiganj District
34:
1716:"āĻŦāĻžāĻ˛āĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ° āĻāĻžāĻĻā§āĻāĻ°"
969:Bengali literature
838:1990 Mass Uprising
721:Six Point Movement
650:Bengal Renaissance
470:, c. 900 â c. 1050
458:, c. 750 â c. 1100
446:, c. 600 â c. 1303
371:Gangaridai kingdom
214:Cumilla University
2083:Tongibari Upazila
2070:
2069:
1924:Pandu Rajar Dhibi
1829:Bishnupur temples
1347:Daily Prothom Alo
1161:
1149:
1055:Tongibari Upazila
1052:
1040:
1021:
1020:
771:Bangladesh Forces
503:Bhulua (Noakhali)
452:, c. 650 â c. 750
440:, c. 590 â c. 626
434:, c. 600 - c. 650
255:
254:
25:Nateshwori Temple
2125:
1992:Bikrampur Vihara
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1609:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1554:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1494:
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456:Pala Empire
304:Traditional
272:History of
122: /
98:Coordinates
2077:Categories
2007:Gokul Medh
1987:Bhitargarh
1979:Bangladesh
1954:Tamralipta
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1899:Moghalmari
1864:Gobindapur
1311:References
1141:āĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¨āĻžāĻļāĻž
1063:Bangladesh
745:, c. 1971
333:Bronze Age
274:Bangladesh
231:Management
200:Site notes
110:90°28â˛10âŗE
107:23°31â˛54âŗN
92:Bangladesh
2052:Sonargaon
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1939:Saptagram
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1269:Vajrayana
1244:carbon-14
1233:Amaravati
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1067:Bikrampur
1037:romanized
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419:Classical
327:Neolithic
294:Etymology
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1824:Haraipur
1278:humidity
1274:Pumicite
1217:Buddhism
1111:â
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345:Janapada
339:Iron Age
309:Urheimat
299:Timeline
263:a series
261:Part of
174:Material
164:10 acres
74:Location
39:āĻ¨āĻžāĻā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻ°
33:Natshwar
21:Nataraja
1964:Telkupi
1804:Bangarh
1237:Sarnath
1229:Bharhut
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1133:Padma's
1090:Chandra
1077:History
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1028:Bengali
320:Ancient
195:1223 CE
184:Founded
169:History
1934:Rajpat
1929:Pandua
1914:Natsal
1909:Nanoor
1794:Bahiri
1778:Bengal
1301:UNESCO
1257:Varman
1242:After
1235:, and
1225:Sanchi
1191:stupas
1176:Rampal
1071:stupas
606:Modern
393:Kushan
389:Shunga
265:on the
187:780 CE
88:Region
1969:Tilpi
1959:Tanda
1944:Sijua
1859:Gauda
1854:Dhosa
1849:Dihar
1814:Betor
1094:Verma
139:Stupa
1884:Kana
1724:2020
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1644:2020
1621:2020
1590:2020
1567:2020
1537:2020
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1454:2020
1426:2020
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1261:Sena
1178:and
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1096:and
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178:Soil
161:Area
135:Type
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