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1313:) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance. The dynamism of the energetic dance is depicted with the whirling hair which spread out in thin strands as a fan behind his head. The details in the Nataraja artwork have been variously interpreted by Indian scholars since the 12th century for its symbolic meaning and theological essence. Nataraja is a well known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, in particular as one of the finest illustrations of
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56:
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1309:). His body, fingers, ankles, neck, face, head, ear lobes and dress are shown decorated with symbolic items, which vary with historic period and region. He is surrounded by a ring of flames, standing on a lotus pedestal, lifting his left leg (or in rare cases, the right leg) and balancing / trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (
1552:
James
Lochtefeld states that Nataraja symbolizes "the connection between religion and the arts", and it represents Shiva as the lord of dance, encompassing all "creation, destruction and all things in between". The Nataraja iconography incorporates contrasting elements, a fearless celebration of the
3777:
He also points out that these stances are very similar to Yoga Asanas, and in the
Gopuram walls at Chidambaram, at least twenty different classical Yoga Asanas are depicted by the dancers, including Dhanurasana, Chakrasana, Vrikshasana, Natarajasana, Trivikramasana, Ananda Tandavasana, Padmasana,
1878:
Hundreds of years ago, Indian artists created visual images of dancing Shivas in a beautiful series of bronzes. In our time, physicists have used the most advanced technology to portray the patterns of the cosmic dance. The metaphor of the cosmic dance thus unifies ancient mythology, religious art
1544:
Coomaraswamy summarizes the significance of Shiva's entire dance as an image of his rhythmic or musical play which is the source of all movement within the universe, represented by the arch surrounding Shiva. Secondly, the purpose of his dance is to release the souls of all men from illusion. And
1523:
Padma Kaimal questions some of these interpretations by referring to a 10th-century text and
Nataraja icons, suggesting that the Nataraja statue may have symbolized different things to different people or in different contexts, such as Shiva being the lord of cremation or as an emblem of Chola
1867:. The statue, symbolizing Shiva's cosmic dance of creation and destruction, was given to CERN by the Indian government to celebrate the research center's long association with India. A special plaque next to the Shiva statue explains the metaphor of Shiva's cosmic dance with quotations from
1389:
1361:), which symbolically represent the cosmic fire that in Hindu cosmology creates everything and consumes everything, in cyclic existence or cycle of life. The fire also represents the evils, dangers, heat, warmth, light and joys of daily life. The arch of fire emerges from two
1596:
and a dance posture of Shiva. The details in the
Nataraja artwork have attracted commentaries and secondary literature such as poems detailing its theological significance. It is one of the widely studied and supreme illustrations of Hindu art from the medieval era.
1832:
In the contemporary Hindu culture of Bali in
Indonesia, Siwa (Shiva) Nataraja is the god who created dance. Siwa and his dance as Nataraja was also celebrated in the art of Java Indonesia when Hinduism thrived there, while in Cambodia he was referred to as
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His legs are bent, which suggests an energetic dance. His long, matted tresses, are shown to be loose and flying out in thin strands during the dance, spread into a fan behind his head, because of the wildness and ecstasy of the
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1983:
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The lower left hand is bent downwards at the wrist with the palm facing inward, we also note that this arm crosses Naṭarāja’s chest, concealing his heart from view. It represents tirodhāna, which means “occlusion,
1215:
2185:
In
Pedarapu Chenna Reddy, ed. History, Culture and Archaeological Studies Recent Trends, Commemoration Volume to Prof. M.L.K. Murthy, Vol. II, Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, Pp. 613-634, PLS. 54.1-6
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1226:
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. The two most common forms of Shiva's dance are the
1524:
dynasty. In contrast, Sharada
Srinivasan questions the link to Chola, and has presented archaeological evidence suggesting that Nataraja bronzes and dancing Shiva artwork in South India was a
2026:
937:(The twelve books of Southern Shaivism) state that Nataraja is the form of Shiva in which he performs his functions of creation, destruction, preservation, and is also attributed with
933:
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. Tamil devotional texts such as the
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in 6th century CE, which is known by
Archeological Survey of India and Archeological Survey of Tamil Nadu as the oldest known Nataraja sculpture in India. The stone
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1512:
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2014:
1696:, which includes an inscription, and is dated to about the 6th century CE. The Asanapat inscription also mentions a Shiva temple in the Saivacaryas kingdom.
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Though named "Nataraja bronzes" in
Western literature, the Chola Nataraja artworks are mostly in copper, and a few are in brass, typically cast by the
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personified as a goddess, from the Hindu mythology where the danger of a mighty river is creatively tied to a calm river for the regeneration of life.
1942:
1692:(Karnataka), by around the 6th century. One of the earliest known Nataraja artworks has been found in the archaeological site at Asanapat village in
1239:(dance of bliss, the vigorous form of dance), associated with the destruction of weary worldviews—weary perspectives and lifestyles. In essence, the
4747:
1958:
1738:, now held at the Gwalior Archaeological Museum. Similarly, Nataraja artwork has been found in archaeological sites in the Himalayan region such as
1370:
He looks calm, even through the continuous chain of creation and destruction that maintains the universe, that shows the supreme tranquility of the
1508:
The slightly smiling face of Shiva represents his calmness despite being immersed in the contrasting forces of universe and his energetic dance.
5421:
1624:) to be one," while "an earlier hymn to Nataraja by Manikkavachakar identifies him with the unitary supreme consciousness, by using Tamil word
1124:) is another alternate equivalent term for Nataraja found in 1st-millennium sculptures and archeological sites across the Indian subcontinent.
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1753:, of various heights typically less than four feet. Nataraja reliefs are found in historic settings in many parts of South East Asia such as
1254:, the historic Nataraja artworks found in different parts of India are set in geometric patterns and along symmetric lines, particularly the
941:
and the act of blessing his devotees. Thus, Nataraja is considered one of the highest forms of Shiva in Tamil Nadu, and the sculpture or the
878:, and is a well-known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, as one of the finest illustrations of
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1999:
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joys of dance while being surrounded by fire, untouched by forces of ignorance and evil, signifying a spirituality that transcends all
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959:
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1491:), urging the viewer to seek the inner wisdom, self-realization. The three eyes alternatively symbolize an equilibrium of the three
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1932:
is a posture resembling
Nataraja and named for him in the 20th century. A similar pose appears in the classical Indian dance form
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idol of Nataraja is worshipped in almost all Shiva temples across Tamil Nadu. It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the
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5411:
4032:
3332:
2880:
in an Old Dhaka temple ... a stone statue of Nateshwar, a depiction of dancing Shiva on the back of his bull-carrier Nandi
1777:. The dancing Shiva became a part of Chola era processions and religious festivals, a practice that continued thereafter.
1639:
1536:
1419:
Four-armed figures are most typical, but ten-armed forms are also found from various places and periods, for example the
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4500:
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3081:
2589:
1905:
1708:
1581:
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1098:, with all three terms meaning "Lord of the dance". However, Nataraja and Nateshwar represent different forms of Shiva.
1003:
2399:"அம்பலவாணன், Ambalavanan, Boy Baby Name (Tamil Name), complete collection of boy baby name, girl baby name, tamil name"
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1163:(Tillai). The dance of Shiva in Chidambaram forms the motif for all the depictions of Shiva as Nataraja. Koothan(ta:
2819:
1680:
Stone reliefs depicting the classical form of Nataraja are found in numerous cave temples of India, such as at the
1487:. The eyes represent the sun, the moon and the third has been interpreted as the inner eye, or symbol of knowledge (
978:, by around the 6th century, are also among the oldest Nataraja sculptures in India. Ancient Tamil songs during the
951:
poses, holding various symbols which vary with historic period and region, trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (
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On his right side, meshed in with one of the flying strands of his hair near his forehead, is typically the river
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1018:, of various heights typically less than four feet, some over. Nataraja reliefs have been found in many parts of
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innovation, tracing back to 7th to 9th-centuries, and its symbolism should be pushed back by a few centuries.
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with underlying philosophical concepts of cosmic cycles of creation and destruction, which is also found in
1010:, dating Nataraja worship way before the 7th century CE. Around the 8th to 10th century, statues emerged in
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1742:, albeit in with somewhat different dance pose and iconography, such as just two arms or with eight arms.
1262:) that in the Indian tradition means the interdependence and fusion of masculine and feminine principles.
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150:
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1247:
are just two aspects of Shiva’s nature; for he destroys in order to create, tearing down to build again.
5513:
5431:
4644:
4573:
2181:"If this is Citambaram-Nataraja, then where is Tillai-Kūttaṉ? An Introspective Reading of Tēvāram Hymns"
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598:
234:
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1730:
Archaeological discoveries have yielded a red Nataraja sandstone statue, from 9th to 10th century from
5416:
5144:
4492:
4295:
4267:
4132:
567:
286:
201:
3956:
Srinivasan, Sharada (2004). "Shiva as 'cosmic dancer': On Pallava origins for the Nataraja bronze".
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The face shows two eyes plus a slightly open third on the forehead, which symbolize the triune in
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261:
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3434:"Catalogue of Antiquities from East Asia in the Museums of art in U. S. A. Europe and India (5)"
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The classical form of the depiction appears in a pillar of rock cut temple at Seeyamangalam –
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2726:
2337:
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1968:
1925:
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1605:
1557:. Furthermore, Carole and Pasquale note that the deity showcases the eternal cycle of life (
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257:
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Sharada Srinivasan, "Shiva as 'cosmic dancer': on Pallava origins for the Nataraja bronze"
3162:
drum as one of the attributes of Shiva in his dancing representation see: Jansen, page 44.
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2006:
1712:
1704:
1685:
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1765:, and central Asia. The oldest free-standing stone sculptures of Nataraja were built by
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31:
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5209:
5104:
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3396:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
2920:
2717:
2681:
2609:
2586:
1949:
1933:
1900:
1895:
1871:
1766:
1667:
1589:
1267:
947:
825:
666:
621:
3975:
1083:, the name is related to Shiva's fame as the "Lord of Dancers" or "King of Actors".
5355:
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5239:
5039:
5014:
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1964:
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975:
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871:
844:
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514:
484:
364:
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3650:
Prambanan: Sculpture and Dance in Ancient Java : a Study in Dance Iconography
2813:"Shiva Nataraja: A Study in Myth, Iconography, and the Meaning of a Sacred Symbol"
1549:, which is portrayed as the center of the universe, is actually within the heart.
1430:
The upper right hand holds a small drum shaped like an hourglass that is called a
3907:
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3857:
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3621:
3594:
3567:
3524:
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3143:
3044:
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2525:
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is a rare Pala image that shows the ten-armed Nataraja dancing on his bull, Nandi
5319:
5309:
5219:
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5114:
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4994:
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4416:
4351:
4288:
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1990:
1909:
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1707:
period between 7th century and mid-9th centuries CE. Nataraja was worshipped at
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1471:
1403:
1251:
1160:
709:
578:
574:
537:
99:
55:
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1434:
1232:(the gentle form of dance), associated with the creation of the world, and the
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5224:
5154:
5029:
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4444:
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2067:
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1621:
1155:”. This form is present in most Shiva temples, and is the prime deity in the
1050:
1023:
1011:
631:
374:
369:
182:
2961:. Robarts - University of Toronto. New York Sunwise Turn. pp. 57–58, 65.
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319:
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4222:
4149:
4105:
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1868:
1754:
1458:-hand") is used to hold the drum. It symbolizes rhythm of creation and time.
1424:
1407:
1314:
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646:
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616:
519:
470:
402:
309:
271:
224:
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connotations is also argued on the basis of the testimony of the hymns of
1699:
Literary evidences shows that the bronze representation of Shiva's ananda-
1453:
1446:
1432:
1002:, popularly known as "Nalvar" (The four) extol Nataraja and describes the
786:
5457:
5259:
5234:
5179:
5149:
5129:
5119:
5109:
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4154:
4115:
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4048:
2587:
Shiva as Lord of the Dance (Nataraja), Chola period, c. 10th/11th century
2063:
1773:. Nataraja gained special significance and became a symbol of royalty in
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1629:
1500:
1484:
1310:
1259:
1058:
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1007:
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172:
167:
128:
17:
3990:Śiva's Dance: Iconography and Dance Practice in South and Southeast Asia
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136:
30:"Nateshwar" redirects here. For Archaeological ruins in Bangladesh, see
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A cobra uncoils from his lower right forearm, while his hand is in the
1244:
1235:
1112:
838:
833:
676:
583:
541:
397:
219:
196:
3129:
India - Mahabharata. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1994 (India)
1565:, and how a human being should conquer spiritual ignorance and attain
5365:
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5244:
5189:
5174:
5134:
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1864:
1849:
1822:
1805:
1800:
1731:
1693:
1554:
1382:
1297:
967:
942:
836:. The pose and artwork are described in many Hindu texts such as the
704:
699:
656:
593:
439:
435:
426:
189:
2730:
2180:
3212:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 147, entry for Chidambaram.
3145:
Silpa Prakasa Medieval Orissan Sanskrit Text on Temple Architecture
5299:
5204:
5199:
5184:
5079:
5064:
5044:
4954:
4931:
4159:
4075:
2297:
2295:
2289:, Journal of South Asian Literature, Vol. 21, No. 2, pages 208-216
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1535:
1511:
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1041:
991:
866:
821:
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336:
331:
252:
206:
177:
160:
79:
4725:
2892:
Brunner-Lachaux, Hélène; Goodall, Dominic; Padoux, André (2007).
1993:(261AD) Inscription at Keonjhar district of Odisha 3rd Century AD
1357:
He dances within a circular or cyclically closed arch of flames (
4012:
3046:
Principles of Composition in Hindu Sculpture: Cave Temple Period
2365:
2363:
2208:
Performance and Culture: Narrative, Image and Enactment in India
1860:
1845:
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text, and the back hand holding a musical instrument, usually a
1272:
1152:
1067:
1027:
781:
562:
431:
359:
211:
92:
4729:
4021:
3962:. Vol. 36. The Journal of Modern Craft. pp. 432–450.
1859:
In 2004, a 2 meter statue of the dancing Shiva was unveiled at
1635:." This may point to an "osmosis" of ideas in medieval India.
1505:
or Muyalaka, who symbolizes ignorance which Nataraja destroys.
1325:
The dance of Nataraja is revealed in a story mentioned in the
2973:"கூத்தன் சபேசன் அம்பலவாணன் நடராஜன்SAGARVA BHARATH FOUNDATION"
2162:"கூத்தன் சபேசன் அம்பலவாணன் நடராஜன்Sagarva Bharath Foundation"
1791:
In medieval era artworks and texts on dancing Shiva found in
1612:, resembling the Advaita doctrine, or "abstract monism," of
1209:
4017:
3131:. United States Educational Foundation in India. p. 5.
3938:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
3269:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
2339:
The Dance of Siva: Religion, Art and Poetry in South India
1863:, the European Center for Research in Particle Physics in
1329:. The symbolism has been interpreted in classical Indian
3759:
Bhavanani, Ananda Balayogi; Bhavanani, Devasena (2001).
1287:, the front right hand with a wrapped snake that is in
832:, as the divine cosmic dancer. His dance is called the
2710:
2708:
2331:
2329:
1071:
meaning "king, lord"; it can be roughly translated as
2715:
Banerjee, P. (1969). "A Siva Icon from Piandjikent".
1592:. Nataraja is a significant visual interpretation of
1202:) are other common names of Nataraja in Tamil texts.
3184:, The Art Bulletin Volume 81, Issue 3, pages 390-419
2646:
Temple Imagery from Early Mediaeval Peninsular India
1588:
period, an abstract or 'cosmic' symbolism linked to
5450:
5404:
5374:
5348:
4940:
4909:
4864:
4813:
4804:
4763:
4657:
4602:
4529:
4491:
4453:
4415:
4406:
4375:
4312:
4232:
4184:
4066:
3794:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
3467:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
3377:, Berlin Indological Studies, volume 21, page 200;
2683:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
2611:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
1650:, the cosmic dance of Shiva as Nataraja represents
1197:
1184:
1171:
925:
909:
893:
815:
98:
86:
75:
65:
41:
3791:
3778:Siddhasana, Kaka Asana, Vrishchikasana and others.
3529:. Oxford University Press. pp. 15–20, 24–25.
3464:
3234:
3026:, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983).
2680:
2608:
2563:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 236–238, 247–258.
2051:8th-century sandstone Nataraja from Madhya Pradesh
3502:. Oxford University Press. pp. 56, 47, 101.
3068:
3066:
2895:Mélanges Tantriques À la Mémoire D'Hélène Brunner
2211:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 19–26.
60:An 1820 painting of Nataraja in a temple chariot.
3862:. Havelte, Holland: Binkey Kok Publications BV.
2898:. Institut français de Pondichéry. p. 245.
2638:
2636:
2082:The oldest known Tamil bronze Nataraja, 800 AD,
1817:. Nataraja artwork have also been discovered in
1275:(fire) in his left back hand, the front hand in
3022:Carmel Berkson, Wendy Doniger, George Michell,
1813:, the bull; further, he is regionally known as
1600:Srinivasan notes that Nataraja is described as
1265:It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the
3705:"Shiva's Cosmic Dance at CERN | Fritjof Capra"
3122:
3120:
3049:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 163–164, 257.
2530:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 223–229, 237.
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
4741:
4033:
3620:Fredrik Eugene DeBoer; I Made Bandem (1995).
3572:. Oxford University Press. pp. 130, 57.
3237:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z
3209:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2376:. Oxford University Press. pp. 489–490.
2020:6th-century Nataraja in Cave 21, Ellora Caves
750:
8:
3626:. Oxford University Press. pp. ii–iii.
3623:Balinese Dance in Transition: Kaja and Kelod
3272:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–4.
3182:Shiva Nataraja: Shifting Meanings of an Icon
3085:, Vol. 20, No. 118 (Apr., 1922), pages 18-19
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2582:
2580:
3599:. Oxford University Press. pp. 48–50.
3337:"Expanding worldviews: cosmic perspectives"
2486:. Mittal Publications. pp. 59–60, 88.
1749:in its mature and best-known expression in
1604:or "Being, Consciousness and Bliss" in the
1498:The dwarf underneath his foot is the demon
1014:in its mature and best-known expression in
919:
903:
887:
809:
4810:
4748:
4734:
4726:
4412:
4040:
4026:
4018:
3523:Aghoraśivācārya; Richard H. Davis (2010).
3419:
3319:
3193:
2864:"A journey to the past with dancing Shiva"
2758:The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through the Ages
1803:, he is sometimes shown as dancing on his
1151:) which means “The Lord who dances on the
757:
743:
115:
54:
3840:The Dance of Śiva: Fourteen Indian Essays
3142:Alice Boner; Sadāśiva Rath Śarmā (1966).
3127:DeVito, Carole; DeVito, Pasquale (1994).
2958:The dance of Siva; fourteen Indian essays
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2260:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 223–224.
70:Adalvallan, Koothan, Sabesan, Ambalavanan
3909:Nataraja in Art, Thought, and Literature
3399:. Pearson Education India. p. 642.
2649:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 150–151.
2373:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Arts
2249:
2247:
1780:The depiction was informed of cosmic or
3526:A Priest's Guide for the Great Festival
3241:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp.
2925:. Philadelphia Museum of Art. pp.
2483:Iconography of Śiva in Pahāṛī Paintings
2153:
1979:
1938:
1894:Nataraja is celebrated in 108 poses of
1745:Around the 10th century, it emerged in
1406:and a flower identified as that of the
127:
27:Depiction of Shiva as Lord of the dance
3992:, Alessandra Iyer (2000), Music in Art
3299:. Praeger. pp. 144–147, 160–161.
3114:Encyclopedia of Ancient History (2013)
1676:Nataraja sculpture from Medieval Assam
1516:6th/7th century Nataraja in Cave 1 of
1440:in Sanskrit. A specific hand gesture (
955:) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance.
38:
3388:
3386:
3148:. Brill Archive. pp. xxxvi, 144.
3096:SHIVA NATARAJA AS A SYMBOL OF PARADOX
3077:Saiva Sculptures: Recent Acquisitions
2955:Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1918).
2950:
2948:
2946:
2825:from the original on 5 September 2012
2287:SHIVA NATARAJA AS A SYMBOL OF PARADOX
1658:and the dissolution of the universe.
1467:or fire, which signifies destruction.
1398:His headdress often features a human
1291:(fear not) mudra while pointing to a
7:
3998:, Freer Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian
3877:Vivek Nanda; George Michell (2004).
3596:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3569:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3499:Śiva in dance, myth, and iconography
3373:Rupendra Chattopadhya et al (2013),
2179:Rajarajan, R. K. K. (January 2018).
1616:, "which holds the individual Self (
1367:(mythical water beasts) on each end.
1222:(Shiva) Nataraja (Lord of the Dance)
1110:which means "act, drama, dance" and
1065:meaning "act, drama, dance" and राज
1349:, dating from the 12th century CE (
882:. This form is also referred to as
3471:. Yale University Press. pp.
2687:. Yale University Press. pp.
1898:, with Sanskrit inscriptions from
960:Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple
25:
3798:. Yale University Press. p.
3112:Shiva Nataraja, lord of the dance
3100:Journal of South Asian Literature
2615:. Yale University Press. p.
2302:Anna Libera Dallapiccola (2007).
1989:Asanpata Nataraja with Naga King
1844:Modern statue gifted by India at
864:and the Grantha texts. The dance
4709:
4700:
4699:
4175:
4008:Chidambareswarar Nataraja Temple
2786:Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. (2013).
2424:"General Compendium-5 - GKToday"
2132:
2112:
2090:
2075:
2056:
2041:
2025:
2013:
2005:A damaged 6th-century Nataraja,
1998:
1982:
1957:
1941:
726:
135:
4002:Nataraja: India's Cycle of Fire
3653:. White Lotus. pp. 69–70.
3296:A concise history of Indian art
1545:third, the place of the dance,
1127:In Tamil, he is also known as “
1006:as the home of Nataraja as the
3968:10.1080/1468936042000282726821
3941:. Cambridge University Press.
3738:. Thorsons. pp. 419–422.
3375:The Kingdom of the Saivacaryas
2765:. p. 178 with footnotes.
962:constructed by a Pallava King
1:
3880:Chidambaram: Home of Nataraja
2560:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2527:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2449:"The Lord (or King) of Dance"
2257:Elements of Hindu Iconography
1590:five elements (Pancha Bhoota)
1476:gesture as a sign to not fear
1461:The upper left hand contains
3837:Ananda Coomaraswamy (1957).
3556:(2004) 36(3), pages 432–450.
3450:10.11168/jeb1947.1971.96_L74
3233:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
3206:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
3082:Museum of Fine Arts Bulletin
3024:Elephanta: The Cave of Shiva
2755:Mahadev Chakravarti (1986).
2590:The Art Institute of Chicago
2524:T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1997).
2254:T. A. Gopinatha Rao (1997).
1582:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
1540:Nataraja at Thanjavur Palace
1094:(also written Nateshwar) or
1004:Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
5356:Hindi cinema song and dance
3675:"Faces and Places (page 3)"
1454:
1447:
1433:
1198:
1185:
1172:
926:
910:
894:
816:
787:
5530:
3996:Shiva Nataraja Iconography
3735:Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika
3593:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3566:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3496:Anne-Marie Gaston (1982).
3349:Royal Astronomical Society
3341:Astronomy & Geophysics
3102:, Vol. 21, No. 2, page 215
3094:Gomathi Narayanan (1986),
2977:SAGARVA BHARATH FOUNDATION
2370:Frank Burch Brown (2014).
2344:Cambridge University Press
2285:Gomathi Narayanan (1986),
2166:Sagarva Bharath Foundation
1665:
1495:: Sattva, Rajas and Tamas.
1353:) and later, and include:
930:) in various Tamil texts.
29:
4695:
4376:Festivals and observances
4216:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
4173:
4055:
3859:The Book of Hindu Imagery
3856:Jansen, Eva Rudy (1993).
3823:British Museum Collection
2919:Stella Kramrisch (1981).
1402:(symbol of mortality), a
1306:
1190:
1177:
1164:
1148:
1136:
920:
904:
888:
870:is featured in all major
810:
797:
777:
53:
46:
4635:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
4195:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
3906:C Sivaramamurti (1974).
3761:"BHARATANATYAM AND YOGA"
3647:Alessandra Iyer (1998).
2310:Harvard University Press
2032:8th-century Nataraja in
3790:James C. Harle (1994).
3463:James C. Harle (1994).
3393:Singh, Upinder (2008).
3361:10.1093/astrogeo/atz195
3353:Oxford University Press
2922:Manifestations of Shiva
2679:James C. Harle (1994).
2607:James C. Harle (1994).
2238:Encyclopædia Britannica
2139:In the Shiva temple of
2066:with Shiva Nataraja in
2036:(Cave 16), Ellora Caves
1580:, he testifies that at
1057:The word Nataraja is a
1053:, 10th or 11th century.
5489:Hindu dance traditions
4516:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
4013:Nataraja Image Archive
3293:Roy C. Craven (1976).
2643:Archana Verma (2012).
2480:Saroj Panthey (1987).
2205:Archana Verma (2011).
2127:in Madurai, Tamil Nadu
2119:Shiva-Nataraja in the
2100:relief, 12th-century,
1952:classical Indian dance
1881:
1856:
1703:appeared first in the
1677:
1541:
1520:
1394:
1393:Detail of Chola bronze
1223:
1054:
5275:Poikkal Kuthiraiattam
4511:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
4004:, Stephen Pyne (1994)
3883:. Marg Publications.
3180:Padma Kaimal (1999),
2853:, Ananda Coomaraswamy
1876:
1843:
1675:
1539:
1515:
1392:
1347:Tiruvatavurar Puranam
1221:
1086:The form is known as
1045:
820:), is a depiction of
4493:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
3935:David Smith (2003).
3266:David Smith (2003).
3043:Alice Boner (1990).
2790:. Rupa. p. 56.
2336:David Smith (2003).
2305:Indian Art in Detail
2121:Thousand-Pillar-Hall
1648:University of London
1620:) and supreme Self (
1311:Apasmara or Muyalaka
1189:), Ambalavanan (ta:
1034:, and Central Asia.
982:written by the four
953:Apasmara or Muyalaka
287:Siddhanta Shikhamani
247:Scriptures and texts
4771:Perini Sivatandavam
4521:Kanchipuram (Earth)
4506:Tirukalahasti (Air)
4501:Chidambaram (Ether)
4202:Shivarahasya Purana
3912:. National Museum.
3422:, pp. 444–445.
3196:, pp. 432–450.
3073:Ananda Coomaraswamy
2870:. 27 September 2019
2763:Motilal Banarsidass
2555:T. A. Gopinatha Rao
2453:www.speakingtree.in
1879:and modern physics.
1684:(Maharashtra), the
1610:Kunchitangrim Bhaje
1518:Badami cave temples
1279:(elephant hand) or
1139:) which splits as “
1081:Ananda Coomaraswamy
733:Hinduism portal
4620:Kailash Mansarovar
4325:Pashupata Shaivism
4303:Hara Hara Mahadeva
3767:on 23 October 2006
2851:The Dance of Shiva
2811:Stromer, Richard.
2788:The dance of Shiva
2102:Prasat Sikhoraphum
1857:
1678:
1542:
1521:
1395:
1343:Tirukuttu Darshana
1224:
1149:சபையில் ஆடும் ஈசன்
1141:Sabayil adum eesan
1055:
858:Uttarakamika agama
504:Non - Saiddhantika
109:Uttarakamika agama
5509:Hindu iconography
5471:
5470:
5361:Hindi dance songs
4905:
4904:
4723:
4722:
4653:
4652:
3959:World Archaeology
3948:978-0-521-52865-8
3919:978-81-230-0092-3
3890:978-81-85026-64-0
3809:978-0-300-06217-5
3730:Iyengar, B. K. S.
3660:978-974-8434-12-4
3633:978-967-65-3071-4
3554:World Archaeology
3536:978-0-19-537852-8
3482:978-0-300-06217-5
3335:(December 2019).
3306:978-0-275-22950-4
3279:978-0-521-52865-8
3252:978-0-8239-3180-4
3219:978-0-8239-3179-8
3056:978-81-208-0705-1
2905:978-2-85539-666-8
2772:978-81-208-0053-3
2698:978-0-300-06217-5
2656:978-1-4094-3029-2
2626:978-0-300-06217-5
2570:978-81-208-0877-5
2537:978-81-208-0877-5
2493:978-81-7099-016-1
2383:978-0-19-517667-4
2353:978-0-521-52865-8
2319:978-0-674-02691-9
2267:978-81-208-0877-5
2218:978-1-4438-2832-1
1948:Nataraja pose in
1920:In dance and yoga
1809:(animal vehicle)
1771:Sembiyan Mahadevi
1644:planetary science
1219:
1196:
1183:
1170:
1077:King of the dance
1073:Lord of the dance
804:), also known as
767:
766:
114:
113:
48:Lord of the dance
16:(Redirected from
5521:
5504:Indian sculpture
5422:Himachal Pradesh
5325:Thitambu Nritham
4811:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4727:
4713:
4703:
4702:
4413:
4357:Siddha Siddhanta
4320:Shaiva Siddhanta
4247:Om Namah Shivaya
4179:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4019:
3979:
3952:
3931:
3902:
3873:
3852:
3843:. Sunwise Turn.
3825:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3797:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3763:. Archived from
3756:
3750:
3749:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3709:fritjofcapra.net
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3681:. Archived from
3671:
3665:
3664:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3563:
3557:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3493:
3487:
3486:
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3460:
3454:
3453:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3390:
3381:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3329:
3323:
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3311:
3310:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3240:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3178:
3172:
3171:Jansen, page 25.
3169:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3092:
3086:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3040:
3034:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2999:":: TVU ::"
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2952:
2941:
2940:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2817:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2712:
2703:
2702:
2686:
2676:
2661:
2660:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2614:
2604:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2551:
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2463:
2461:
2459:
2445:
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2438:
2436:
2434:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2367:
2358:
2357:
2346:. pp. 1–2.
2333:
2324:
2323:
2299:
2290:
2283:
2272:
2271:
2251:
2242:
2234:
2223:
2222:
2202:
2189:
2188:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2136:
2125:Meenakshi Temple
2116:
2094:
2079:
2060:
2045:
2029:
2017:
2002:
1986:
1969:yoga as exercise
1961:
1945:
1926:yoga as exercise
1889:lost-wax casting
1652:particle physics
1606:Shaiva Siddhanta
1584:had, by the pre-
1567:self-realization
1563:death to rebirth
1457:
1450:
1438:
1331:Shaiva Siddhanta
1308:
1220:
1201:
1195:romanized:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:romanized:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:romanized:
1168:
1166:
1150:
1138:
1116:meaning "lord".
964:Mahendravarman I
929:
923:
922:
913:
907:
906:
897:
891:
890:
819:
813:
812:
799:
790:
779:
759:
752:
745:
731:
730:
729:
510:Kashmir Shaivism
304:Three Components
139:
116:
58:
39:
21:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5446:
5400:
5390:Abhinavabharati
5370:
5344:
5215:Mardana Jhumair
4936:
4901:
4860:
4800:
4759:
4754:
4724:
4719:
4691:
4649:
4645:Vadakkum Nathan
4598:
4525:
4487:
4449:
4440:Madhyamaheshwar
4402:
4388:Maha Shivaratri
4371:
4308:
4261:Mahāmrityunjaya
4228:
4180:
4171:
4128:Ardhanarishvara
4062:
4051:
4046:
3986:
3955:
3949:
3934:
3920:
3905:
3891:
3876:
3870:
3855:
3836:
3833:
3831:Further reading
3828:
3821:
3817:
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3521:
3517:
3510:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3432:山本, 智教 (1971).
3431:
3430:
3426:
3420:Srinivasan 2004
3418:
3414:
3407:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3372:
3368:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3322:, pp. 447.
3320:Srinivasan 2004
3318:
3314:
3307:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3253:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3194:Srinivasan 2004
3192:
3188:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3106:
3093:
3089:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
3003:www.tamilvu.org
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2971:
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2954:
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2944:
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2918:
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2857:
2849:
2838:
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2815:
2810:
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2784:
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2753:
2746:
2731:10.2307/3249451
2714:
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2699:
2678:
2677:
2664:
2657:
2642:
2641:
2634:
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2605:
2596:
2592:, United States
2585:
2578:
2571:
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2235:
2226:
2219:
2204:
2203:
2192:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2168:. 20 July 2020.
2160:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2117:
2108:
2106:Surin, Thailand
2095:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2061:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2030:
2021:
2018:
2009:
2007:Elephanta Caves
2003:
1994:
1987:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1946:
1922:
1906:Nataraja temple
1686:Elephanta Caves
1670:
1664:
1642:, professor of
1572:In the hymn of
1534:
1452:(Sanskrit for "
1323:
1271:poses, holding
1210:
1208:
1176:), Sabesan(ta:
1157:Nataraja Temple
1079:. According to
1040:
1020:South East Asia
980:Bhakti movement
763:
727:
725:
720:
719:
690:
682:
681:
612:
604:
603:
552:
480:
455:
453:
445:
444:
418:Maha Shivaratri
393:
385:
384:
344:
300:
292:
291:
248:
240:
239:
216:
156:(Supreme being)
154:
147:
107:
82:
61:
49:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5527:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5484:Forms of Shiva
5476:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5412:Andhra Pradesh
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
5000:Chakyar koothu
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4757:Dance in India
4755:
4753:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4730:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4661:
4659:
4658:Related topics
4655:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4615:Brihadeeswarar
4612:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Ramanathaswamy
4571:
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4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
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4404:
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4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4367:Shaiva Smartas
4364:
4359:
4354:
4352:Veera Shaivism
4349:
4347:Trika Shaivism
4344:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4327:
4322:
4316:
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4310:
4309:
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4070:
4064:
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4047:
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4044:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3984:External links
3982:
3981:
3980:
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3947:
3932:
3918:
3903:
3889:
3874:
3868:
3853:
3832:
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3815:
3808:
3782:
3751:
3745:978-1855381667
3744:
3721:
3696:
3685:on 6 June 2018
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3062:
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3035:
3015:
2990:
2979:. 20 July 2020
2964:
2942:
2935:
2911:
2904:
2884:
2868:The Daily Star
2855:
2836:
2803:
2797:978-8129120908
2796:
2778:
2771:
2744:
2704:
2697:
2662:
2655:
2632:
2625:
2594:
2576:
2569:
2543:
2536:
2499:
2492:
2465:
2440:
2428:www.gktoday.in
2415:
2389:
2382:
2359:
2352:
2325:
2318:
2312:. p. 28.
2291:
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2118:
2111:
2109:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2084:British Museum
2081:
2074:
2072:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2034:Kailasa temple
2031:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1921:
1918:
1827:Andhra Pradesh
1736:Madhya Pradesh
1721:Manikkavacakar
1713:Pallava period
1663:
1660:
1628:, rather than
1574:Manikkavacakar
1533:
1532:Interpretation
1530:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1496:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1428:
1417:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1359:prabha mandala
1335:Unmai Vilakkam
1333:texts such as
1322:
1319:
1207:
1204:
1061:term, from नट
1039:
1036:
996:Manikkavacakar
765:
764:
762:
761:
754:
747:
739:
736:
735:
722:
721:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
642:Manikkavacakar
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
610:
609:
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581:
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548:
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468:
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461:
454:
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394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
346:
345:
339:
334:
328:
327:
326:Three bondages
323:
322:
317:
312:
306:
305:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
255:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
237:
232:
230:Forms of Shiva
227:
222:
215:
214:
209:
204:
199:
193:
192:
186:
185:
180:
175:
170:
164:
163:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
132:
131:
125:
124:
112:
111:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
47:
44:
43:
32:Nateshwar Deul
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5526:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:Tamil deities
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5383:Natya Shastra
5380:
5379:
5377:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5210:Malwai Giddha
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5055:Dollu Kunitha
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4975:Bardwi Sikhla
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:Andhra Natyam
4870:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4821:Bharatanatyam
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
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4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
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4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4584:Trimbakeshwar
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:Mahakaleshwar
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4522:
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4514:
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4509:
4507:
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4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4455:Pancha Sabhai
4452:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:Shiva temples
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4362:Shiva Advaita
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4296:Shiva Mahimna
4293:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4268:Shiva Tandava
4265:
4263:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
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4151:
4148:
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4143:
4139:
4136:
4134:
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4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:Dakshinamurti
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4054:
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4043:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3973:
3969:
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3961:
3960:
3954:
3950:
3944:
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3939:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3869:90-74597-07-6
3865:
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3850:
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3805:
3801:
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3629:
3625:
3624:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3606:9780195613544
3602:
3598:
3597:
3589:
3586:
3581:
3579:9780195613544
3575:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3546:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3509:9780195613544
3505:
3501:
3500:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3474:
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3456:
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3428:
3425:
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3413:
3408:
3406:9788131711200
3402:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
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3328:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3155:
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2936:0-87633-039-1
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2718:Artibus Asiae
2711:
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2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1950:Bharatanatyam
1944:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1934:Bharatanatyam
1931:
1927:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1901:Natya Shastra
1897:
1896:Bharatanatyam
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1872:Fritjof Capra
1870:
1866:
1862:
1855:
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1756:
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1751:Chola bronzes
1748:
1743:
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1737:
1733:
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1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
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1691:
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1683:
1674:
1669:
1668:Pancha Sabhai
1661:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:According to
1636:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1623:
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1611:
1607:
1603:
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1527:
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1507:
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1502:
1497:
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1490:
1486:
1482:
1480:concealment.”
1478:
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1469:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
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1443:
1439:
1437:
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1429:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:crescent moon
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
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1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1339:Mummani Kovai
1336:
1332:
1328:
1327:Koyil Puranam
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:(stick hand)
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1268:Natya Shastra
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1250:According to
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1187:
1174:
1162:
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1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
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1097:
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1089:
1084:
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1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
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1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:Chola bronzes
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
949:
948:Natya Shastra
944:
940:
936:
931:
928:
917:
912:
901:
896:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:Hindu temples
869:
868:
863:
859:
855:
854:Amshumadagama
851:
847:
846:
841:
840:
835:
831:
827:
824:, one of the
823:
818:
807:
803:
795:
791:
789:
783:
775:
771:
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
741:
740:
738:
737:
734:
724:
723:
716:
715:Shiva Temples
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
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686:
685:
678:
675:
673:
670:
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623:
622:Abhinavagupta
620:
618:
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531:
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368:
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363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
349:other aspects
348:
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
325:
324:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
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302:
296:
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288:
285:
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280:
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275:
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268:
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259:
256:
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142:
138:
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133:
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118:
117:
110:
106:
105:Amshumadagama
103:
101:
97:
94:
91:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
57:
52:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5514:Shiva in art
5388:
5381:
5349:Contemporary
5305:Singhi Chham
5145:Kachhi Ghodi
5040:Dandiya Raas
4980:Bedara Vesha
4916:
4910:Divine forms
4846:Mohiniyattam
4640:Tiruchengode
4544:Grishneshwar
4539:Bhimashankar
4531:Jyotirlingas
4383:Kanwar Yatra
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4254:Rudrashtakam
4252:
4245:
4221:
4214:
4209:Shiva Purana
4207:
4200:
4193:
4100:
4057:
3958:
3937:
3908:
3879:
3858:
3839:
3818:
3793:
3785:
3776:
3769:. Retrieved
3765:the original
3754:
3733:
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3683:the original
3679:CERN Courier
3678:
3669:
3649:
3642:
3622:
3615:
3595:
3588:
3568:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3525:
3518:
3498:
3491:
3466:
3458:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3415:
3395:
3374:
3369:
3344:
3340:
3333:Ian Crawford
3327:
3315:
3295:
3288:
3268:
3261:
3236:
3228:
3208:
3201:
3189:
3176:
3167:
3154:
3144:
3137:
3128:
3107:
3099:
3090:
3080:
3045:
3038:
3023:
3018:
3006:. Retrieved
3002:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2976:
2967:
2957:
2921:
2914:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2872:. Retrieved
2867:
2858:
2827:. Retrieved
2806:
2787:
2781:
2757:
2725:(1): 73–80.
2722:
2716:
2682:
2645:
2610:
2559:
2526:
2482:
2456:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2402:
2397:ValaiTamil.
2392:
2372:
2338:
2304:
2256:
2236:
2207:
2184:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2141:Melakadambur
1965:Natarajasana
1930:Natarajasana
1923:
1899:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1877:
1858:
1834:
1831:
1814:
1804:
1790:
1782:metaphysical
1779:
1744:
1729:
1725:Thiruvasagam
1698:
1690:Badami Caves
1682:Ellora Caves
1679:
1640:Ian Crawford
1637:
1632:
1625:
1614:Adi Shankara
1609:
1602:Satcitananda
1599:
1578:Thiruvasagam
1571:
1551:
1543:
1522:
1499:
1488:
1473:abhaya mudra
1472:
1462:
1448:ḍamaru-hasta
1445:
1431:
1421:Badami Caves
1413:Datura metel
1411:
1362:
1358:
1351:Chola empire
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1324:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1249:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1140:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1047:Chola bronze
976:Badami Caves
972:Ellora Caves
957:
946:
932:
915:
899:
883:
865:
857:
853:
845:Thiruvasagam
843:
837:
826:main deities
805:
801:
785:
769:
768:
555:
515:Pratyabhijna
503:
502:
492:Saiddhantika
491:
490:
485:Mantra marga
483:
458:
408:Panchakshara
365:Satkaryavada
282:Svetasvatara
155:
151:Parameshvara
149:
108:
104:
69:
36:
5451:Accessories
5320:Thirayattam
5310:Sword dance
4995:Bommalattam
4970:Bardo Chham
4960:Baagh Naach
4796:Veeranatyam
4786:Parai Attam
4687:Other names
4569:Omkareshwar
4554:Mallikarjun
4417:Panch Kedar
4289:Shri Rudram
4275:Sahasranama
2070:, Karnataka
2049:Ithyphallic
1991:Satrubhanja
1910:Chidambaram
1891:) process.
1885:cire-perdue
1854:Switzerland
1835:Nrittesvara
1815:Narteshvara
1711:during the
1709:Chidambaram
1547:Chidambaram
1408:entheogenic
1252:Alice Boner
1199:Ambalavāṇaṉ
1161:Chidambaram
1102:stems from
1096:Nṛityeśvara
927:Ambalavāṇaṉ
916:Ambalavanan
811:ஆடல்வல்லான்
710:Jyotirlinga
579:Lingayatism
575:Veerashaiva
498:Siddhantism
267:Shivasutras
76:Affiliation
66:Other names
5499:Indian art
5478:Categories
5437:Tamil Nadu
5375:Literature
5340:Yakshagana
5295:Raut Nacha
5285:Puliyattam
5265:Pavri Nach
5255:Paampattam
5225:Mayilattam
5155:Karakattam
5030:Corridinho
5020:Chheih Lam
4814:Recognised
4776:Margamkali
4670:Rasalingam
4594:Vishwanath
4589:Vaidyanath
4445:Kalpeshwar
4398:Shiva Puja
4313:Traditions
4111:Tatpurusha
3771:26 January
3714:30 January
3689:30 January
3032:0691040095
2874:8 November
2458:31 October
2433:31 October
2408:31 October
2403:ValaiTamil
2149:References
2068:Pattadakal
1967:in modern
1924:In modern
1914:Tamil Nadu
1775:Tamil Nadu
1747:Tamil Nadu
1688:, and the
1666:See also:
1281:dandahasta
1191:அம்பலவாணன்
1100:Narteśvara
1092:Narteśvara
1051:Tamil Nadu
1024:Angkor Wat
1012:Tamil Nadu
1008:main deity
986:saints of
921:அம்பலவாணன்
817:Ādalvallāṉ
806:Adalvallan
632:Utpaladeva
599:Indonesian
584:Siddharism
375:Svatantrya
370:Abhasavada
355:36 Tattvas
299:Philosophy
183:Virabhadra
5335:Veeragase
5280:Puli Kali
5250:Oyilattam
5170:Khual Lam
5165:Keisabadi
5125:Hulivesha
5070:Duffmuttu
4965:Bagurumba
4927:Rasa lila
4836:Kuchipudi
4831:Kathakali
4806:Classical
4630:Lingaraja
4625:Katas Raj
4564:Nageshvar
4549:Kedarnath
4435:Rudranath
4425:Kedarnath
4223:Tirumurai
4150:Kartikeya
4106:Sadyojata
3732:(1979) .
3008:9 October
2983:9 October
1916:, India.
1904:, at the
1869:physicist
1757:, and in
1755:Ankor Wat
1626:Or Unarve
1622:Paramātmā
1444:) called
1425:Ankor Wat
1321:Symbolism
1315:Hindu art
1277:gajahasta
1258:mandala (
1206:Depiction
1038:Etymology
988:Sambandar
935:Tirumurai
880:Hindu art
802:Naṭarājar
667:Srikantha
647:Meykandar
627:Vasugupta
617:Lakulisha
589:Sroutaism
568:Inchegeri
471:Kalamukha
466:Pashupata
459:Ati marga
403:Rudraksha
392:Practices
272:Tirumurai
225:Kartikeya
18:Nateshwar
5458:Ghungroo
5405:By state
5270:Phulpati
5260:Padayani
5180:Kolattam
5150:Kalbelia
5130:Jhijhiya
5120:Hojagiri
5110:Gombhira
5050:Dhunachi
5025:Chholiya
5010:Chang Lo
4917:Nataraja
4856:Sattriya
4841:Manipuri
4705:Category
4610:Amarnath
4483:Chitiram
4478:Thamiram
4463:Rathinam
4430:Tungnath
4393:Pradosha
4330:Kapalika
4155:Devasena
4116:Vamadeva
4101:Nataraja
4091:Harihara
4081:Bhairava
4049:Shaivism
3976:26503807
3899:56598256
3355:: 6.38.
3158:For the
3075:(1922),
2829:10 March
2820:Archived
2557:(1997).
2064:Sukanasa
1788:saints.
1763:Cambodia
1630:Sanskrit
1618:Jīvātman
1501:Apasmara
1485:Shaivism
1260:hexagram
1243:and the
1173:Kūththaṉ
1106:same as
1088:Nataraja
1059:Sanskrit
1032:Cambodia
1022:such as
1000:Sundarar
984:Shaivite
974:and the
895:Kūththaṉ
884:Kuththan
876:Shaivism
862:Sanskrit
852:and the
830:Hinduism
788:Naṭarāja
774:Sanskrit
770:Nataraja
700:Tantrism
652:Nirartha
637:Nayanars
611:Scholars
525:Dakshina
476:Kapalika
277:Vachanas
173:Bhairava
168:Sadasiva
129:Shaivism
121:a series
119:Part of
42:Nataraja
5463:Silambu
5442:Tripura
5330:Tippani
5315:Tertali
5230:Mussoll
5195:Lahasua
5140:Jhumair
5105:Ghumura
5100:Ghoomar
5060:Domkach
5035:Dalkhai
4985:Bhangra
4922:Tandava
4892:Gotipua
4887:Gaudiya
4791:Theyyam
4764:Ancient
4682:Vibhuti
4579:Somnath
4282:Chalisa
4145:Ganesha
4138:Parvati
4068:Deities
4059:History
3928:1501803
3849:2155403
3379:Archive
2739:3249451
1976:Gallery
1819:Gujarat
1740:Kashmir
1705:Pallava
1701:tandava
1662:History
1656:entropy
1594:Brahman
1561:) from
1555:duality
1526:Pallava
1503:purusha
1307:உடுக்கை
1256:satkona
1245:Tandava
1236:Tandava
1234:Ananda
1186:Sabēsaṉ
1165:கூத்தன்
1129:Sabesan
1120:(IAST:
1113:Ishvara
1090:and as
1026:and in
970:at the
968:reliefs
914:), and
911:Sabēsaṉ
900:Sabesan
889:கூத்தன்
839:Tevaram
834:tandava
798:நடராஜர்
689:Related
677:Navnath
672:Appayya
662:Sharana
542:Kubjika
452:Schools
427:Niyamas
398:Vibhuti
262:Tantras
220:Ganesha
197:Parvati
146:Deities
88:Symbols
5432:Punjab
5427:Odisha
5396:Mudras
5366:Nautch
5290:Rasiya
5245:Oppana
5190:Lavani
5175:Kikkli
5135:Jhumar
5095:Giddha
5085:Garadi
5075:Dumhal
5015:Cheraw
4897:Mahari
4882:Deknni
4865:Others
4851:Odissi
4826:Kathak
4781:Koothu
4715:Portal
4677:Siddha
4665:Lingam
4603:Others
4335:Aghori
4238:Stotra
4234:Mantra
4123:Shakti
4096:Ishana
3974:
3945:
3926:
3916:
3897:
3887:
3866:
3847:
3806:
3742:
3657:
3630:
3603:
3576:
3533:
3506:
3479:
3475:–157.
3403:
3303:
3276:
3249:
3245:–466.
3216:
3160:damaru
3053:
3030:
2933:
2902:
2794:
2769:
2737:
2695:
2691:–310.
2653:
2623:
2567:
2534:
2490:
2380:
2350:
2316:
2264:
2241:(2015)
2215:
1865:Geneva
1850:Geneva
1823:Kerala
1806:vahana
1801:Bengal
1769:queen
1732:Ujjain
1719:saint
1694:Odisha
1455:ḍamaru
1435:ḍamaru
1410:plant
1383:Ganges
1378:dance.
1364:makara
1298:Udukai
1289:abhaya
1178:சபேசன்
1137:சபேசன்
1122:Naṭeśa
1118:Natesa
998:, and
943:bronze
905:சபேசன்
705:Bhakti
657:Basava
594:Aghori
556:Others
538:Yamala
440:Jangam
235:Others
190:Shakti
5417:Assam
5300:Saang
5235:Nacnī
5220:Matki
5205:Maach
5200:Lezim
5185:Kummi
5160:Karma
5115:Grida
5090:Garba
5080:Fugdi
5065:Domni
5045:Dhalo
5005:Chang
4955:Alkap
4932:Lasya
4877:Chhau
4473:Velli
4340:Kaula
4186:Texts
4167:Nandi
4160:Valli
4076:Shiva
3972:S2CID
3347:(6).
2927:43–45
2823:(PDF)
2816:(PDF)
2735:JSTOR
2098:Khmer
1811:Nandi
1797:Assam
1793:Nepal
1786:Tamil
1767:Chola
1717:Tamil
1608:text
1586:Chola
1493:Guṇas
1489:jnana
1442:mudra
1400:skull
1303:Tamil
1293:Sutra
1285:mudra
1241:Lasya
1229:Lasya
1145:Tamil
1133:Tamil
1104:Nṛtta
992:Appar
867:murti
850:Tamil
822:Shiva
794:Tamil
778:नटराज
695:Nandi
546:Netra
534:Trika
530:Kaula
436:Linga
423:Yamas
413:Bilva
337:Karma
332:Anava
320:Pasam
315:Pashu
258:Agama
253:Vedas
207:Durga
178:Rudra
161:Shiva
100:Texts
80:Shiva
5240:Nati
4990:Bihu
4946:list
4942:Folk
4133:Sati
3943:ISBN
3924:OCLC
3914:ISBN
3895:OCLC
3885:ISBN
3864:ISBN
3845:OCLC
3804:ISBN
3773:2019
3740:ISBN
3716:2017
3691:2017
3655:ISBN
3628:ISBN
3601:ISBN
3574:ISBN
3531:ISBN
3504:ISBN
3477:ISBN
3442:1971
3438:密教文化
3401:ISBN
3301:ISBN
3274:ISBN
3247:ISBN
3214:ISBN
3051:ISBN
3028:ISBN
3010:2022
2985:2022
2931:ISBN
2900:ISBN
2876:2020
2831:2016
2792:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2693:ISBN
2651:ISBN
2621:ISBN
2565:ISBN
2532:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2460:2022
2435:2022
2410:2022
2378:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2262:ISBN
2213:ISBN
1861:CERN
1846:CERN
1825:and
1799:and
1759:Bali
1633:Chit
1559:Jiva
1464:Agni
1423:and
1372:Atma
1345:and
1273:Agni
1153:dais
1108:Nata
1068:Raja
1063:Nata
1028:Bali
939:maya
856:and
842:and
782:IAST
563:Nath
520:Vama
432:Guru
380:Aham
360:Yoga
342:Maya
310:Pati
212:Kali
202:Sati
93:Agni
4468:Pon
3964:doi
3800:123
3473:156
3446:doi
3357:doi
3243:464
2727:doi
2689:309
2617:126
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