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make a national headquarters due to having to pay for it with their own money. Nevertheless, the Board of
Directors didn't hesitate with their answer and they began the process to create the headquarters. Wheeler and Edson already had a planned location for where they believed the headquarters should be. The location was facing the White House on the corner of Lafayette Square. The only thing that was stopping them from building were two 19th-century mansions: the Corcoran House and the Slidell house. Nevertheless, the mansions were purchased for $ 775,000.
56:
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913:: "The climate is changing and humans are contributing to these changes. We believe that there is much common ground on which all sides of this discussion could come together to address climate change with policies that are practical, flexible, predictable, and durable. We believe in a policy approach that acknowledges the costs of action and inaction and the competitiveness of the U.S. economy." They recommended that the US rejoin the Paris Agreement and summarized that an effective climate policy should:
906:, saying, "The plan's fundamental flaw was that it would have intentionally raised the cost of energy without regard to the impact on families and businesses." Harbert added, "To be clear, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce believes that the climate is changing, and that man is contributing to these changes. We also believe that technology and innovation, rather than sweeping federal mandates, offer the best approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change."
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853:(a natural gas and electric utility company in California), said, "We find it dismaying that the Chamber neglects the indisputable fact that a decisive majority of experts have said the data on global warming are compelling... In our view, an intellectually honest argument over the best policy response to the challenges of climate change is one thing; disingenuous attempts to diminish or distort the reality of these challenges are quite another." In response to an online campaign of
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voter education activities—period. We have strict financial controls in place to ensure this. The funds we receive from
American Chambers of Commerce abroad, bilateral business councils, and non-U.S.-based global companies represent a small fraction of our more than $ 200 million annual revenues. Under our accounting system, these revenues are never used to support any political activities. We are in full compliance with all laws and regulations." Organizations
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375:. During its first year in existence, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's membership consisted of 297 commercial organizations and 165,000 firms and individuals. The U.S. Chamber's staff grew drastically in just ten years of being created. In 1912, there were only four employees. However, by the time 1921 came along, the number of employees had risen to three hundred.
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nations while encouraging bilateral trade and commerce. An important influence of their visit was that it connected chambers of commerce across U.S., which likely motivated them to recognize the benefits of becoming a national organization. President Taft was one of the U.S. leaders that
Shibusawa and his delegates met with during their visit.
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political activities." A US Chamber executive has said that the organization has had "foreign multinationals" (foreign companies) as members for "over a century, many for decades." The US Chamber states that it receives approximately $ 100,000 annually in membership dues from its foreign affiliates, out of an annual budget of $ 200 million.
316:, whose membership included eight principal cities from western coastal states of California, Oregon and Washington. Their invitation was accepted by the Japanese, and in 1909, Shibusawa, accompanied by his delegation of over fifty of Japan's most prominent business leaders and notables spent three months visiting 53 cities across America.
427:. The Chamber had chosen to support healthcare reform at that time due to the spiraling healthcare costs experienced by its members. However, House Republicans retaliated by urging boycotts of the organization. By the time health care reform became a major issue again in 2010–2012, the organization opposed such efforts.
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Commerce has represented the unified interests of the U.S. business community....the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce is the world's largest business federation representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions, as well as state and local chambers and industry associations."
419:
Although various chambers of commerce can work with all levels of government, they tend to concentrate their efforts on specific levels: Local chambers of commerce tend to focus on local issues, state chambers on state issues, and the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce focuses on national issues at the federal
672:
have contended that additional use of card check elections will lead to overt coercion on the part of union organizers. Opponents of the
Employee Free Choice Act also claim, referring to perceived lack of access to a secret ballot, that the measure would not protect employee privacy. For this reason
592:
After Donald Trump refused to concede following the 2020 presidential election, and most
Republican members of Congress supported attempts to overturn the election results based on false claims of fraud, the Chamber of Commerce released a memo to its members, stating it would "review the totality of
415:
During the oil crisis of 1973, the
Chamber pushed for expanding domestic production. This entailed oil and gas exploration, as well as coal mining, and the Trans Alaska Pipeline. In 1981, the Chamber launched the Let's Rebuild America campaign to help support President Reagan's Economic Recovery and
411:
The
Chamber's first referendum in January 1913 called for the planning of a National Budget. This calling for a National Budget created The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. From there, the Chamber worked to aid the U.S. Government during both World Wars and through the Great Depression. During the
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During the 1919 U.S. Chamber board meeting, Harry A. Wheeler proposed an idea that surprised many in the
Chamber itself. The idea was to create a national headquarters. Wheeler stated during this proposal that the Board of Directors should take this vote very seriously in deciding whether or not to
569:
to ensure that the foreign funds that the Chamber receives are not used for political activities. Obama criticized the Chamber for not disclosing its contributors. The Chamber has responded that "No foreign money is used to fund political activities." After the election, the Chamber reiterated the
526:
During the 2010 campaign cycle, the Chamber spent $ 32 million, 93 percent of which was to help Republican candidates. The Chamber's spending out of its general funds was criticized as illegal under campaign finance laws. In a front-page article titled "Large Donations Aid U.S. Chamber in Election
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Their travels were highlighted in many newspapers as they journeyed in a specially outfitted 'Million Dollar Train,' provided by the American industrial community. The U.S. government recognized the significance of their visit and sent U.S. representatives to accompany and assist them during their
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As of October 2010, the Chamber had a worldwide network of 115 American Chamber of Commerce affiliates located in 108 countries. The US Chamber says that a relative handful of the Chamber's 300,000 members are "non-U.S.-based (foreign) companies." It claims that, "No foreign money is used to fund
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and anti-immigration policies and more Democrats have embraced immigration, free trade, and other pro-business policies, the composition of the Chamber's political support has shifted. In 2019, the Chamber updated the formula for its scorecard used to determine endorsements, to "more fully reward
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The truth of these allegations is unknown. The Chamber has refused to provide any concrete evidence to refute the allegations. In reference to the matter, Tom Donohue wrote his council and members on October 12, 2010. He stated, "Let me be clear. The Chamber does not use any foreign money to fund
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On its LINKEDIN Page the Chamber states: "The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world’s largest business organization representing the interests of more than three million businesses of every size, sector, and region." Likewise on its own Website it states: "For over 100 years, the U.S. Chamber of
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Their meetings included many chambers of commerce, tours of factories, power plants, fire departments, port facilities, mines, farms, schools, universities, libraries, theaters, churches, hospitals, and many other facilities. Their main goals to develop friendship and familiarity between the two
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for the purpose of creating a "more governable Republican party." In early 2014 Tom Donohue clarified that the push would be to elect "pro-business" members of Congress "who favor trade, energy development and immigration reform". During Donohue's tenure as head of the Chamber of Commerce, the
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reported that the Chamber used contributions in campaigns without separating foreign and domestic contributions, which if true would appear to contravene prohibitions on lobbying by foreign nations and groups. In question was the Chamber's international branches, "AmChams", whose funds are
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program. The U.S. Chamber's Chief Policy Officer Neil Bradley said, "With approximately 700,000 DACA recipients working for all sorts of businesses across the country, terminating their employment eligibility runs contrary to the president's goal of growing the U.S. economy."
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if it bans non-compete agreements. Non-compete agreements restrict the ability of workers to leave their jobs and work elsewhere or work independently. The Chamber has argued, "noncompete agreements are an important tool in fostering innovation and preserving competition."
2102:
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The Chamber of Commerce has come under attack by populist conservatives and others for its support of "amnesty" for illegal immigrants. In 2014, Tom Donohue stated the Chamber will "pull out all stops" for the passage of immigration reform in Congress. According to
2103:"1908 – Frank A. Vanderlip future president of the Japan Society of New York City leads the first official, modern day U.S. business delegation to Japan to meet with Shibusawa Eiichi and representatives of Mitsui & Co., and other Japanese business leaders"
453:
In late 2011 it was revealed that the Chamber's computer system was breached from November 2009 to May 2010 by Chinese hackers. The purpose of the breach appeared to be gain information related to the Chamber's lobbying regarding Asian trade policy.
360:
3185:
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The U.S. Chamber of Commerce was founded at a meeting of delegates on April 22, 1912. An important catalyst for the creation of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce were two prior business engagements between the U.S. and Japan. In 1908,
311:
In 1909, in appreciation for the hospitality shown to the 1908 Vanderlip business delegation during their visit to Japan, an invitation was now sent to Japanese business leaders to tour the U.S. This invitation came from the
684:
In November 2009, the Chamber was reported to be seeking to spend $ 50,000 to hire a "respected economist" to produce a study that could be used to portray health-care legislation as a job killer and threat to the nation's
942:
On January 19, 2021, the day before President Trump's term ended, the Chamber said it wanted Congress to pass "durable climate policy" while also encouraging "a market-based approach" to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
1620:, like the American Sustainable Business Council, have fought the Chamber on multiple issues. Among major divisions between the Chamber and these business advocates is allowing corporations to engage in electioneering.
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expenditures each year from 2001 through 2019. As of 2022, the organization continues to be ranked first in cumulative, lobbying dollars (complete years beginning with 1998), surpassing the second-biggest spender, the
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accompanied by sixty business representatives from the West coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The goal was to bridge their nations diplomatically and to promote increased business and commerce.
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climate change bill. (Introduced 05/15/2009) "elped kill several attempts to pass climate-change legislation" between 1997 and 2010, but did not oppose efforts by Senators Kerry, Graham, and Lieberman in
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unaccounted for and perhaps mix into the general collection. All branches, corporations, and members of the Chamber pay dues; the question is how they divide the money for expenses in national campaigns.
1930:
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303:
689:
2123:
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Guide to Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Publications. 5332. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Martin P. Catherwood Library, Cornell University.
1553:) is the principal institution of the Chamber of Commerce handling all issues relating to innovation and creativity through advocating for strong intellectual property standards. It aims to:
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led the U.S. Chamber from 1997 to 2021. Though the Chamber claims to represent over 3 million American businesses, according to data, 94% of its income comes from about 1,500 big businesses.
5334:
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of the 21st century" on climate science before any federal climate regulation was passed in October 2009. Chamber CEO Tom Donohue disavowed the comment, but the Chamber strongly opposed the
5349:
3020:
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Despite more than $ 33 million spent supporting candidates in the 2012 Congressional races, Chamber-backed candidates lost 36 out of the 50 elections in which the Chamber participated.
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Tax Act. With increased globalization in the 1990s, the Chamber promoted expanding opportunities for the export of American goods and services in hopes of creating jobs for Americans.
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resigned from their board of directors position, but continued their membership. Nike stated that they believe they can better influence the policy by being part of the conversation.
5244:
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988:, Donohue did not offer specifics with regard to provisions or bills on the matter, speaking generally about the impact that immigration reform would have on the U.S. economy.
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members of Congress for helping to advance pro-business policies, while simultaneously encouraging members to reach the compromises necessary for effective governing."
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1639:, added that "Their aggressive ways are out of step with a new generation of business leadership who are looking for more cooperative relationship with Washington."
4921:
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The U.S. Chamber of Commerce claims to represent three million businesses, but this claim is often contested. It is funded primarily by multinational corporations.
2656:
4366:
790:
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815:
383:
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Kinderman, Daniel. "The US chamber and chambers of commerce respond to Black Lives Matter: Cheap talk, progressive neoliberalism, or transformative change?"
4661:
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1960s, the Chamber thought of the business community in a different way. They didn't have a World War to fight, however, a war against crime and poverty.
5354:
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282:. She worked for USCC from 1997 to 2007 and returned in 2014, holding multiple executive roles before being named its first female CEO in February 2021.
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and Piracy Summit. The GIPC was formed as an expansion of the existing efforts of the U.S. Chamber’s Global Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Initiative.
3403:
1784:
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4032:
3232:
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1904:
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621:
489:
3432:"H.R.2454 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 and jayesha khan will do their best for future of america"
2853:
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3030:
899:, the Chamber funded a report that said the US commitments under the international agreement would significantly reduce industrial sector jobs.
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Actively lobbies against anti-tobacco policies implemented in other countries. In particular, it opposes attempts to carve out tobacco from the
2999:
2609:
1613:
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to urge the court to overrule Austin and restore "free corporate speech." Its position is opposed by some advocates for independent businesses.
677:
5157:
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as they crafted legislation to address climate change; the effort fell apart and failed to produce a bill. The climate campaign organization
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372:
31:
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invited the first official, modern day U.S. business delegation to visit Japan. This delegation was led by the prominent banker/economist
4151:
3143:
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1837:
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In October 2017, Karen Harbert, CEO of the U.S. Chamber's Global Energy Institute, published an op-ed in USA Today criticizing the EPA's
869:
left the U.S. Chamber because of its views on climate change, in light of how climate change could hurt Aspen's winter tourism industry.
1705:
1694:
952:
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and sought to stymie efforts to combat climate change. In 2019, the organization acknowledged that humans contribute to climate change.
551:
364:
272:. It was Taft's belief that the "government needed to deal with a group that could speak with authority for the interests of business."
3888:
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1966:
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says one example of this was when the Chamber spent $ 1,000,000+ to fund negative campaign ads against him and have judicial candidate
4636:
960:
585:
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In late 2013 the Chamber announced it would distribute campaign contributions in "tens" of Republican primary elections to oppose the
336:
4683:
4129:
3736:
2832:
712:
446:
3812:"H.R.985 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Fairness in Class Action Litigation and Furthering Asbestos Claim Transparency Act of 2017"
3213:
2502:
Berry, Jeffrey M. (2020). "Interest Groups and Elections". In Suhay, Elizabeth; Grofman, Bernard; Trechsel, Alexander H. (eds.).
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A 501tax-exempt, OpenSecrets; NW, charitable organization 1300 L. St; Washington, Suite 200; info, DC 20005 telelphone857-0044.
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The Chamber's senior vice president for environment, technology, and regulatory affairs William L. Kovacs threatened to sue the
2124:"1909 Shibusawa Delegation visits Upstate, New York – U.S. and Japanese leaders come together in friendship over a Century Ago"
5359:
5125:
497:
485:
109:
5207:
Werking, Richard Hume. "Bureaucrats, businessmen, and foreign trade: the origins of the United States Chamber of Commerce."
4202:
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Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America. Communications Development Division. Videotape collection, 1988-1992.
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that was passed, asserting that it would damage loan availability. (Introduced 12/02/2009) (07/21/2010 Became Public Law)
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In 2021, Chamber lobbyist Neil Bradley said there would be a "political price" to pay for any lawmakers who supported the
368:
150:
2664:
1648:
3493:
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wing of the Republican Party. In recent years the US Chamber has endorsed some congressional Democrats for re-election.
566:
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in the United States. The group was founded in April 1912 out of local chambers of commerce at the urging of President
547:
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Davis, Cory, "The Political Economy of Commercial Associations: Building the National Board of Trade, 1840-1868,"
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promote and defend the system of IP rights and norms in the United States, key countries, and multilateral forums,
441:
3380:
956:
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actions of its members" and "take into consideration... future conduct that erodes our democratic institutions".
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to start an injunction for a criminal investigation. The Chamber is not required to produce fundraising records.
505:
4303:
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The Chamber of Commerce was an opponent of the Obama administration during Barack Obama's eight years in power.
4130:
Supplemental Brief Of Amicus Curiae Chamber Of Commerce Of The United States Of America In Support Of Appellant
2949:
2613:
1686:
1001:
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estimated that 94% of US Chamber of Commerce political contributions during the 2010 midterm elections went to
665:
394:
The Washington, D.C., headquarters of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce occupies land that was formerly the home of
4557:
705:
Supported the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act. (Introduced 02/25/2013) (07/22/2014 Became Public Law)
570:
nature of Obama's policy dictated action from the Chamber, however the conflict would not be made "personal".
4173:
3186:"The Daily 202: The U.S. Chamber wants to disentangle its brand from the GOP and hopes to rebuild the center"
1631:
Some in the business community have criticized the Chamber's approach to public issues as overly aggressive.
781:
Argued against mandatory immigration status checks by employers in Arizona including in a Supreme Court case.
4757:
3408:
2879:
2585:"Exclusive: Chamber Receives At Least $ 885,000 From Over 80 Foreign Companies In Disclosed Donations Alone"
2452:
356:
348:
46:
2447:
645:
2833:"Watchdog Groups Rally Outside Chamber Of Commerce, As Calls For A Justice Department Investigation Mount"
2709:
696:
600:, which the Chamber called a "litany of almost every failed idea from the past 30 years of labor policy."
3522:"Text - H.R.4173 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act"
1608:
Several organizations have attacked the Chamber for its advocacy, including Chamber Watch (a campaign of
4959:"President Barack Obama says foreign funds received by the US Chamber may be helping to fund attack ads"
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4105:
3240:
2919:
1558:
889:
808:
352:
55:
4934:
4903:
1856:
5099:
4729:
3025:
2758:"Large corporate donations fund controversial US Chamber of Commerce campaign of election attack ads"
2757:
2688:"NYT Shocker: Chamber of Commerce Promotes Business Interests - Hit & Run : Reason Magazine"
2336:
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1971:
1662:
462:
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Network, Shaun Goho for Yale Environment 360, part of the Guardian Environment (February 26, 2010).
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1935:
1580:
819:
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332:
265:
97:
3652:"S.356 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Electronic Communications Privacy Act Amendments Act of 2015"
2192:
1579:
The Global Innovation Policy Center was launched in October 2007 at the U.S. Chamber’s 4th Annual
4308:
3786:"H.R.906 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Furthering Asbestos Claim Transparency (FACT) Act of 2017"
3710:
3681:
3307:
2924:
2858:
2741:
2222:
2187:
1715:
1621:
997:
577:
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296:
3109:"Chamber of Commerce declines to rebuke members of Congress who voted to overturn 2020 election"
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2141:"Japanese Visitors Have Arrived – Honorary Commercial Commissioners Well Received in Buffalo ".
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The Paradox of American Democracy: Elites, Special Interests, and the Betrayal of Public Trust
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2020:"Suzanne P Clark, Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America: Profile and Biography"
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the Chamber was on the prevailing side 43% and 56% of the time, respectively, but under the
344:
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136:
4841:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce threatens to sue the FTC over proposed ban on noncompete clauses"
3308:"Text - H.R.1 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009"
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2160:. Horizon Productions. pp. Chapter 7 - Friendship and Alliance with Baron Shibusawa.
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Chamber formed an alliance with the Republican Party. Donohue retired in February 2021.
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Independent Business Advocates Condemn U.S. Supreme Court's Decision in Citizens United
3462:
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3004:
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1727:
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1609:
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877:
543:
517:
501:
395:
261:
101:
4609:
4033:"Obama Slams GOP For Opposing DISCLOSE Act Meant to Expose "Shadow Groups" Behind Ads"
702:
Supported the Jobs Act of 2012. (Introduced 12/08/2011) (04/05/2012 Became Public Law)
5308:
5204:(2017), Richard Lesher was president of the US Chamber of Commerce from 1975 to 1997.
1810:
Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs.
1562:
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policies. However, it is known to take positions that many Republicans (particularly
484:
In the 2008 election cycle, aggressive ads paid for by the USCC attacked a number of
478:
269:
87:
4079:"Multi-Industry Coalition Letter Regarding the Continuing Resolution and Debt Limit"
2019:
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stated that it would not leave the Chamber. The Aspen Chamber Resort Association of
5257:
4430:
4207:
4007:"S.1935 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Tribal Tax and Investment Reform Act of 2017"
1632:
972:
785:
758:
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Supported the Tribal Tax and Investment Reform Act of 2017. (Introduced 10/05/2017)
558:
509:
470:
3760:"H.R.806 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Ozone Standards Implementation Act of 2017"
2807:"Exclusive: Foreign-Funded 'U.S.' Chamber Of Commerce Running Partisan Attack Ads"
951:
The U.S. Chamber has supported free trade agreements in recent years, such as the
5254:
4706:"Trump's Trade Policies Threaten Millions of Jobs, U.S. Chamber of Commerce Says"
4248:
725:
Supported the Furthering Asbestos Claim Transparency Act. (Introduced 02/07/2017)
17:
5202:
Voice of Business: The Man Who Transformed the United States Chamber of Commerce
5077:
3626:"H.R.803 - 113th Congress (2013-2014): Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act"
1536:
U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation (previously the National Chamber Foundation)
4662:"The Facts on NAFTA: Assessing Two Decades of Gains in Trade, Growth, and Jobs"
761:, which aims to limit foreign influence on U.S. elections. (House - 06/27/2018)
4962:
2538:
1572:
873:
858:
826:. In response to this position, several companies quit the Chamber, including
765:
728:
Supported the Fairness in Class Action Litigation Act. (Introduced 02/09/2017)
625:
539:
493:
175:
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2610:"Vote 2010: Is Foreign Money Behind U.S. Chamber of Commerce Ads? - ABC News"
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1944:
4587:
4174:"After skepticism, U.S. Chamber of Commerce forms climate change task force"
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1770:
843:
839:
708:
Supported the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. (Introduced 02/04/2015)
190:
182:
123:
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Heald, Morrell. "Business thought in the twenties: Social responsibility."
4637:"One of the country's biggest climate denier groups just did an about-face"
5015:
4558:"Bracing for Biden climate rules, U.S. Chamber asks Congress to make laws"
4398:
3914:
3144:"MEMO: Political Support for Candidates in Light of Events of January 6th"
1993:
1669:
4680:"No Exclusions! Why Carveouts Would Weaken the Trans-Pacific Partnership"
4402:
4037:
3864:"H.R.1628 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): American Health Care Act of 2017"
3733:"No Exclusions! Why Carveouts Would Weaken the Trans-Pacific Partnership"
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2837:
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1549:(formerly the Global Intellectual Property Center, and commonly known as
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In 2010, U.S. Chamber president Tom Donohue agreed to work with Senators
340:
3600:"H.R.3606 - 112th Congress (2011-2012): Jumpstart Our Business Startups"
3494:"Opponents of health-care effort look to fund a critical economic study"
5267:
5195:
5122:"Granting Corporations Bill of Rights Protections Is Not "Pro-business"
4344:
4203:"The US Chamber of Commerce: A record of obstruction on climate action"
4178:
3706:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce Works Globally to Fight Antismoking Measures"
3334:"S.510 - 111th Congress (2009-2010): FDA Food Safety Modernization Act"
885:
850:
597:
4106:"Supreme Court backs Arizona immigration law that punishes businesses"
2637:"Chamber and Democrats battle over the midterms and election spending"
722:
Supported the Ozone Implementation Act of 2017 (Introduced 02/01/2017)
3955:"S.934 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017"
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Lipton, Eric; McIntire, Mike; NATTA, DON VAN Jr. (October 21, 2010).
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In April 2009, the Chamber began an ad campaign against the proposed
3358:
1931:"Chamber announces Clark as new president; Donohue to remain as CEO"
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Lipton, Eric; McIntire, Mike; Jr, Don Van Natta (October 21, 2010).
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Supported the Food Safety Modernization Act. (Introduced 03/03/2009)
469:, the Chamber has found increasing success in litigation. Under the
5237:
3256:"H.R.3763 - 107th Congress (2001-2002): Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002"
3171:"We Can't Stand Still: The Benefits of Trade Agreements in America"
939:
In 2019, the organization said it had no position on a carbon tax.
608:
Politically, the US Chamber of Commerce is considered to be on the
4527:
3000:"Chamber of Commerce $ 33 Million Lost Most Races: BGOV Barometer"
854:
440:
377:
302:
4802:"U.S. Chamber to 'pull out all stops' to pass immigration reform"
4774:"U.S. Chamber to 'pull out all stops' to pass immigration reform"
4247:
Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David (2011).
917:
Leverage the power of business (rely primarily on private sector)
2660:
909:
In November 2019, the U.S. Chamber adopted the following policy
5263:
3574:"H.R.3261 - 112th Congress (2011-2012): Stop Online Piracy Act"
2391:"Chamber of Commerce draws fire after a risky bet on Democrats"
895:
In March 2017, before President Trump withdrew the US from the
423:
In 1993, the Chamber lost several members over its support for
324:
accompanied them, to help facilitate the events along the way.
4978:"Democratic Partisans Up in Arms Against US Chamber Donations"
4304:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce Split Over Donohue's Climate Policy"
4109:
3404:"Chamber of Commerce Details Opposition to Waxman-Markey Bill"
3214:"Chamber of Commerce backs freshmen House Dems, marking shift"
2476:"Supreme Court: U.S. Chamber Of Commerce Undefeated This Term"
562:
481:, the Chamber's success rate rose to 68% as of June 21, 2012.
260:) is a business association advocacy group. It is the largest
162:
4858:
Open Secrets, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, charitable organization.
4054:"H.R.6239 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): DISCLOSE Act of 2018"
2312:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce website, "History of the building""
890:
candidates denying the scientific consensus on climate change
5146:
Saladoff, S. (Director). (2011). Hot Coffee . Docurama Films
2980:"The White House, Chamber Of Commerce Attempt Rapprochement"
2945:"Chamber of Commerce - The White House Wants Our Donor List"
2235:"Earnestly Supported by United States Chamber of Commerce".
688:
The Chamber views some reform as necessary, but opposed the
363:. In 1913, President Taft spoke at its first banquet at the
239:
5230:
3054:"Big Business Doubles Down on GOP Civil War With Tea Party"
5345:
Immigration political advocacy groups in the United States
5003:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/u-s--chamber-of-commerce/
4977:
4556:
Shepardson, David; Volcovici, Valerie (January 19, 2021).
2737:"Chamber of Commerce Vows to 'Ramp Up' Political Activity"
807:. Historically, the organization has promoted the work of
748:
Supported the Reauthorization Act. (Introduced 04/25/2017)
371:
for comprehensive currency legislation and to support the
3083:"Congressional Scorecard and Legislative Leadership List"
322:
Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast also
4753:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce Pushes Priorities in Congress"
4276:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce seeks trial on global warming"
2854:"Top Corporations Aid U.S. Chamber of Commerce Campaign"
1879:"Top Corporations Aid U.S. Chamber of Commerce Campaign"
673:
the Chamber argued the act would reduce workers' rights.
658:. (Introduced 01/26/2009) (02/17/2009 Became Public Law)
648:. (Introduced 02/14/2002) (07/30/2002 Became Public Law)
307:
Night view of the Chamber of Commerce building, c. 1925.
3981:"H.R.3388 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): SELF DRIVE Act"
3889:"Business groups join fight to combat Clean Power Plan"
3021:"Top business groups vow more involvement in primaries"
1905:"Suzanne Clark named CEO of the US Chamber of Commerce"
1763:
Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax
5016:"https://www.uschamber.com/about/history" (Feb. 2023).
4455:"Aspen chamber to cut ties with national organization"
2539:"Chamber Watch: Business Group 'Central' to GOP Gains"
2046:"Chamber of Commerce elevates first woman to CEO role"
1967:"Chamber of Commerce top aide takes over as president"
3052:
Wingfield, Brian; Bykowicz, Julie (January 8, 2014).
2895:"Obama's Risky Fight Against the Chamber of Commerce"
2875:"Rift between Obama and Chamber of Commerce widening"
1646:
751:
Supported the Self Drive Act. (Introduced 07/25/2017)
2939:
2937:
2935:
996:
The Chamber of Commerce has lobbied against bans of
386:
and founder of the United States Chamber of Commerce
314:
Associated Chambers of Commerce of the Pacific Coast
234:
221:
210:
197:
174:
160:
146:
129:
119:
107:
93:
83:
65:
465:advocating a more active role in cases before the
5335:Business organizations based in the United States
5158:"Is the Chamber of Commerce Its Own Worst Enemy?"
4426:"Toyota: We're staying in US chamber of commerce"
4340:"Apple, citing climate, tells U.S. Chamber iQuit"
4250:The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society
3838:"H.R.1562 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): SAFE Act"
2566:"Chamber of Commerce under fire for foreign cash"
584:In recent years, as Republicans have backed more
5350:Lobbying organizations based in Washington, D.C.
1612:). Advocates for independent business, like the
278:The current president and CEO of the Chamber is
5340:Conservative organizations in the United States
2965:"Donohue: US Chamber won't seek Obama's defeat"
1839:The People, Maybe: Seeking Democracy in America
1593:, President & CEO, U.S. Chamber of Commerce
932:Support trade in U.S. technologies and products
731:Supported the SAFE Act. (Introduced 03/16/2017)
5330:Political advocacy groups in the United States
4725:"Business backlash hits Trump's DACA decision"
2203:
2201:
1571:increase support for IP rights as a driver of
745:. (added new bullet point) (On March 28, 2017)
656:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
488:congressional candidates (such as Minnesota's
5092:"Charles Danehey, Coordinator of U.S. Policy"
4253:. Oxford University Press. pp. 147–148.
2508:. Oxford University Press. pp. 339–357.
2081:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce website, "History""
1599:Patrick Kilbride, Senior Vice President, GIPC
1557:strengthen the protection and enforcement of
926:Aggressively pursue greater energy efficiency
771:Qualified opposition to financial regulation.
764:Opposed to using the government shutdown and
384:United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor
8:
4883:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4228:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3938:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2448:"Chinese Hackers Hit U.S. Chamber - WSJ.com"
631:The US Chamber is often associated with the
39:
4920:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2505:The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion
2191:. washingtonmonthly.com. Archived from the
1701:National Federation of Independent Business
1596:David Hirschmann, President & CEO, GIPC
1530:Institute for Organization Management (IOM)
1519:Center for International Private Enterprise
920:Maintain U.S. leadership in climate science
849:Peter Darbee, CEO of former chamber member
719:(TPP) agreement. (The TPP was not ratified)
5260:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
4887:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4399:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce in climate rift"
4232:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
1851:
1849:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1711:United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
1516:Center for Capital Markets Competitiveness
1312:Pharmaceutical Rsrch & Mfrs of America
1024:
803:Until 2019, the U.S. Chamber rejected the
367:, where he called for the organization to
54:
45:
38:
4965:, St. Petersburg Times. October 11, 2010.
4528:"| The U.S. Chamber Doesn't Speak For Me"
2781:"Chamber: 'We have a system' - Ben Smith"
1637:Recording Industry Association of America
339:of the time. John H. Fahey was the first
4424:Goldenberg, Suzanne (October 26, 2009).
2118:
2116:
929:Promote climate resilient infrastructure
699:(SOPA). (Introduced in House 10/26/2011)
268:and his Secretary of Commerce and Labor
60:U.S. Chamber of Commerce building facade
5325:1912 establishments in Washington, D.C.
4751:O'Connor, Patrick (December 26, 2014).
4635:Pontecorvo, Emily (November 13, 2019).
4583:"Clean Power Plan was the wrong answer"
3784:Blake, Farenthold (February 24, 2017).
3547:"Cautious Optimism Follows SOPA (2011)"
3492:Shear, Michael D. (November 16, 2009).
2331:
2329:
2220:"Delegates Indorse Reformed Calendar".
1743:
1653:
1407:Organizational structure and membership
651:Supported the SAFETY Act. (Passed 2002)
449:at 1615 H Street NW in Washington, D.C.
4976:Abdullah, Halimah (October 12, 2010).
4913:
4876:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4551:
4549:
4221:
3931:
2873:Shear, Michael D. (October 20, 2009).
2735:Shear, Michael D. (October 12, 2010).
2710:"The Chamber and Foreign Contributors"
1614:American Independent Business Alliance
977:Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
824:American Clean Energy and Security Act
805:scientific consensus on climate change
678:American Clean Energy and Security Act
4935:Opensecrets.org ranking page for 2018
4302:Broder, John M. (November 18, 2009).
4168:
4166:
4164:
3913:EPA, OA, OPA, OWC, US (May 6, 2015).
3332:Richard, Durbin (November 30, 2010).
3233:"Death, Taxes, & Sarbanes-Oxley?"
3019:Needham, Vicki (September 13, 2013).
2537:Murray, Matthew (November 12, 2010).
2514:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190860806.013.31
2446:Gorman, Siobahn (December 21, 2011).
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
1513:Americans for Transportation Mobility
1013:The Chamber ranked first in American
818:in order to have what he termed "the
670:National Association of Manufacturers
7:
4723:Weaver, Dustin (September 5, 2017).
4372:. September 30, 2009. Archived from
4338:Gardner, Timothy (October 5, 2009).
3169:Murphy, John G. (October 13, 2022).
2918:Calmes, Jackie (December 11, 2010).
2195:on 2016-04-03. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
1697:, US Chamber of Commerce institution
373:Commission on Economy and Efficiency
359:. It opened its first office in the
32:United States Department of Commerce
5200:Lesher, Richard and Dave Scheiber.
4274:Tankersley, Jim (August 25, 2009).
3979:Robert, Latta (September 7, 2017).
2425:Brodwin, David (October 25, 2015).
2356:. December 24, 2013. Archived from
2181:Verini, James (July/August 2010). "
1695:Global Intellectual Property Center
1000:, as well as threatened to sue the
971:The U.S. Chamber opposed President
953:North American Free Trade Agreement
935:Encourage international cooperation
644:Campaigned against portions of the
550:rallied against the Chamber at the
425:Clinton's healthcare reform efforts
4515:Who's holding us back? Full report
4052:David, Cicilline (June 27, 2018).
4031:Montopoli, Brian (July 26, 2010).
3598:Stephen, Fincher (April 5, 2012).
3572:Lamar, Smith (December 16, 2011).
2663:. October 22, 2010. Archived from
180:US Chamber of Commerce Foundation
25:
5355:501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
5320:Organizations established in 1912
5315:United States Chamber of Commerce
5264:United States Chamber of Commerce
4839:Cox, Chelsey (January 12, 2023).
4772:Ho, Catherine (January 8, 2014).
4453:Salvail, Andre (April 24, 2012).
3953:Lamar, Alexander (May 11, 2017).
3810:Bob, Goodlatte (March 13, 2017).
3306:David, Obey (February 17, 2009).
3231:Henry, David (January 17, 2005).
3184:Hohmann, James (April 25, 2019).
2831:Graves, Lucia (October 7, 2010).
2686:Jacob Sullum (October 22, 2010).
1903:Stych, Anne (February 11, 2021).
923:Embrace technology and innovation
713:Investor-state dispute settlement
447:U.S. Chamber of Commerce Building
320:trip. Six representatives of the
254:United States Chamber of Commerce
40:United States Chamber of Commerce
4682:. April 24, 2014. Archived from
4005:Jerry, Moran (October 5, 2017).
3735:. April 24, 2014. Archived from
3650:Mike, Lee (September 16, 2015).
3624:Virginia, Foxx (July 22, 2014).
3254:Michael, Oxley (July 30, 2002).
2978:Stein, Sam (November 17, 2010).
1965:Gangitano, Alex (June 5, 2019).
1929:Hohmann, James; Hamburger, Tom.
1706:U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce
1680:
1668:
1656:
1020:National Association of Realtors
736:American Health Care Act of 2017
5156:Stier, Ken (October 31, 2009).
4479:Lizza, Ryan (October 3, 2010).
3520:Barney, Frank (July 21, 2010).
3456:Lizza, Ryan (October 3, 2010).
3402:Johnson, Keith (May 14, 2009).
3285:Department of Homeland Security
2920:"Obama to Meet With Executives"
1842:. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
1547:Global Innovation Policy Center
1541:Global Innovation Policy Center
1411:US Chamber Members, USPBC 2021
816:Environmental Protection Agency
715:mechanism negotiated under the
4800:Ho, Catherine (May 17, 2023).
3915:"Energy Independence | US EPA"
3862:Diane, Black (July 28, 2017).
3836:Mark, Pocan (April 25, 2017).
3704:Hakim, Danny (June 30, 2015).
3430:Henry, Waxman (July 7, 2009).
2779:Smith, Ben (October 5, 2010).
2635:Eggen, Dan (October 8, 2010).
2583:Fang, Lee (October 13, 2010).
1767:Chamber of Commerce of the USA
1533:U.S. Chamber Litigation Center
1026:US Chamber Lobbying 2002-2022
975:'s executive order ending the
961:Trump's protectionist policies
959:. It opposed former President
1:
4860:"Top Spenders 1998 - Present"
3758:Pete, Olson (July 19, 2017).
2805:Fang, Lee (October 5, 2010).
2474:Sacks, Mike (June 21, 2012).
2207:"Opens Office to Aid Trade".
1733:Lobbying in the United States
788:to the U.S. Supreme Court in
768:limit as negotiating tactics.
4517:Greenpeace November 23, 2011
4104:Mears, Bill (May 26, 2011).
2432:U.S. News & World Report
2354:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2226:. September 25, 1912. p. 15.
1022:, by more than $ 1 billion.
567:Federal Elections Commission
496:) and supported a number of
188:National Chamber Foundation
4610:"Addressing Climate Change"
4367:"Nike US Chamber Statement"
2261:"Add Fifteen New Members".
1586:Leaders are, of have been:
548:People for the American Way
467:United States Supreme Court
335:as a counterbalance to the
331:The Chamber was created by
5376:
5245:Real Clear Politics Portal
2267:. February 13, 1913. p. 4.
1812:"U.S. Chamber of Commerce"
1526:Institute for Legal Reform
1452:Global Logistics Providers
1159:National Assn of Realtors
1142:National Assn of Realtors
1125:National Assn of Realtors
1108:National Assn of Realtors
1091:National Assn of Realtors
1074:National Assn of Realtors
1057:National Assn of Realtors
29:
5211:52#03 (1978) pp: 321–341.
5187:88 (Winter 2014), 761–83.
5096:www.theglobalipcenter.com
5057:www.theglobalipcenter.com
5032:www.theglobalipcenter.com
4154:January 10, 2016, at the
3381:"Issue Alert: CARD_CHECK"
2252:. January 23, 1913. p. 2.
1857:"Top lobbyists in the US"
1573:innovation and creativity
1476:PMI Global Services, Inc.
1227:National Assn of Realtors
1210:National Assn of Realtors
1193:National Assn of Realtors
957:Trans-Pacific Partnership
911:addressing climate change
738:. (Introduced 03/20/2017)
717:Trans-Pacific Partnership
620:) do not support such as
53:
44:
5185:Business History Review,
4666:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
4614:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
3148:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
3087:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
2211:. April 26, 1912. p. 16.
1998:U.S. Chamber of Commerce
1789:. Taylor & Francis.
1467:North Shore Medical Labs
1002:Federal Trade Commission
666:Employee Free Choice Act
30:Not to be confused with
5291:38.900500°N 77.037611°W
5209:Business History Review
5124:. AMIBA. Archived from
4758:The Wall Street Journal
4710:The Wall Street Journal
3677:"Making Tobacco's Case"
3409:The Wall Street Journal
3361:. chambergrassroots.com
3359:"chambergrassroots.com"
2880:The Wall Street Journal
2453:The Wall Street Journal
2427:"The Chamber's Secrets"
2239:. March 6, 1913. p. 10.
2128:TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com
2107:TheEmperorAndTheSpy.com
1783:Judis, John B. (2001).
1522:Global Energy Institute
1508:Affiliate organizations
71:; 112 years ago
4946:USPBC MEMBER COMPANIES
4135:June 19, 2017, at the
2967:. Real Clear Politics.
2156:Katz, Stan S. (2019).
2143:The Buffalo Commercial
1836:Lamb, Karl A. (1971).
1437:Excelerate Energy L.P.
998:non-compete agreements
992:Non-compete agreements
809:climate change deniers
697:Stop Online Piracy Act
690:Dodd/Frank legislation
668:. Critics such as the
450:
387:
308:
5360:Climate change denial
5296:38.900500; -77.037611
5216:Business and Politics
4281:The Los Angeles Times
3033:on September 18, 2013
2342:. pp. 16, 29–30.
2248:"'No Third Termer'".
1461:Jamil & Jamil USA
1449:Gilead Sciences, Inc.
1434:The Coca-Cola Company
1363:American Medical Assn
1176:American Medical Assn
1009:Lobbying expenditures
791:Citizens United v FEC
614:fiscally conservative
500:candidates including
444:
381:
353:Elliot Hersey Goodwin
306:
5170:on November 1, 2009.
5005:LINKEDIN, Feb. 2023.
4481:"As the World Burns"
4405:. September 25, 2009
4182:. September 24, 2019
3893:The Washington Times
3553:on November 22, 2011
3458:"As the World Burns"
3243:on January 12, 2005.
3220:. September 1, 2020.
2907:on October 15, 2010.
1773:. December 31, 2015.
1635:, former CEO of the
1494:Visionet Systems Inc
1479:Procter & Gamble
1043:Next Highest Amount
1040:Next Highest Spender
857:owners organized by
98:business association
5287: /
5258:Schlesinger Library
5128:on January 10, 2016
4779:The Washington Post
4616:. November 24, 2013
4085:on December 7, 2013
3499:The Washington Post
3191:The Washington Post
3114:The Washington Post
3089:. February 27, 2019
2642:The Washington Post
2396:The Washington Post
2264:The Washington Post
2250:The Washington Post
2209:The Washington Post
2051:The Washington Post
1936:The Washington Post
1909:www.bizjournals.com
1816:2001-2009.state.gov
1581:Anti-Counterfeiting
1464:Netsol Technologies
1027:
986:The Washington Post
820:Scopes monkey trial
266:William Howard Taft
69:April 22, 1912
41:
5192:American Quarterly
4379:on October 7, 2009
4309:The New York Times
3711:The New York Times
3682:The New York Times
2925:The New York Times
2859:The New York Times
2742:The New York Times
2616:. October 11, 2010
2572:. October 5, 2010.
2237:The New York Times
2223:The New York Times
2188:Washington Monthly
2183:Show Him the Money
2145:. October 5, 1909.
1883:The New York Times
1716:Anthony D. Salzman
1622:Oliver E. Diaz Jr.
1488:The Resource Group
1025:
967:Immigration reform
646:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
622:immigration reform
586:trade restrictions
578:Tea Party movement
552:Justice Department
530:The New York Times
459:1971 internal memo
451:
420:government level.
402:Promoting business
388:
309:
297:Frank A. Vanderlip
151:Political lobbying
5194:(1961): 126–139.
4260:978-0-19-161857-4
3194:. Washington, D.C
3058:www.bloomberg.com
2716:. October 8, 2010
2523:978-0-19-086080-6
2360:on April 15, 2015
2337:"The Early Years"
2300:. pp. 24–25.
2295:"The Early Years"
2278:"The Early Years"
1796:978-0-415-93026-0
1687:Political science
1628:elected instead.
1591:Thomas J. Donohue
1428:Caterpillar, Inc.
1404:
1403:
1037:US Cham. Spending
492:Senate candidate
436:Thomas J. Donohue
250:
249:
18:Nation’s Business
16:(Redirected from
5367:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5238:Global IP Center
5234:
5233:
5231:Official website
5172:
5171:
5166:. Archived from
5153:
5147:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5098:. Archived from
5088:
5082:
5081:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5049:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4982:Kansas City Star
4973:
4967:
4966:
4955:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4932:
4926:
4925:
4919:
4911:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4855:
4849:
4848:
4836:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4686:on June 30, 2015
4676:
4670:
4669:
4668:. March 8, 2017.
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4524:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4465:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4395:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4371:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4299:
4293:
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4290:
4288:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4227:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4170:
4159:
4146:
4140:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4081:. Archived from
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4058:www.congress.gov
4049:
4043:
4042:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4011:www.congress.gov
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3985:www.congress.gov
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3959:www.congress.gov
3950:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3868:www.congress.gov
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3842:www.congress.gov
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3816:www.congress.gov
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3790:www.congress.gov
3781:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:www.congress.gov
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3739:on June 30, 2015
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3656:www.congress.gov
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3630:www.congress.gov
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3604:www.congress.gov
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3578:www.congress.gov
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3549:. Archived from
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3526:www.congress.gov
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3436:www.congress.gov
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3338:www.congress.gov
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3312:www.congress.gov
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3260:www.congress.gov
3251:
3245:
3244:
3239:. Archived from
3228:
3222:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:. Archived from
3016:
3010:
3009:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2941:
2930:
2929:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2903:. Archived from
2891:
2885:
2884:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2667:on March 6, 2014
2657:"News Headlines"
2653:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2387:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2268:
2259:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2218:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2179:
2162:
2161:
2158:The Art of Peace
2153:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2044:Hamburger, Tom.
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1780:
1774:
1759:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1618:green businesses
1446:General Electric
1244:General Electric
1028:
904:Clean Power Plan
743:Clean Power Plan
475:Rehnquist Courts
345:Harry A. Wheeler
293:Eiichi Shibusawa
280:Suzanne P. Clark
246:
243:
241:
226:
214:
202:
169:Suzanne P. Clark
155:public relations
137:Washington, D.C.
79:
77:
72:
58:
49:
42:
21:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5305:
5304:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5218:24(4), 491-516.
5180:
5178:Further reading
5175:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5102:on May 15, 2021
5090:
5089:
5085:
5080:. June 3, 2024.
5076:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5036:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5013:
5009:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4929:
4912:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4875:
4868:
4866:
4857:
4856:
4852:
4838:
4837:
4828:
4818:
4816:
4806:Washington Post
4799:
4798:
4794:
4784:
4782:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4735:
4733:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4712:. May 31, 2018.
4704:
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4645:
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4591:
4581:
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4547:
4537:
4535:
4532:chamber.350.org
4526:
4525:
4521:
4513:
4509:
4499:
4497:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4459:The Aspen Times
4452:
4451:
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4437:
4435:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4408:
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4220:
4213:
4211:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4172:
4171:
4162:
4156:Wayback Machine
4147:
4143:
4137:Wayback Machine
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4077:
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4025:
4015:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
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3973:
3963:
3961:
3952:
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3947:
3930:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3768:
3766:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3685:. June 30, 2015
3675:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3150:. March 5, 2021
3142:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3018:
3017:
3013:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2943:
2942:
2933:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2549:
2547:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2389:
2388:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2314:. Uschamber.com
2310:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2260:
2256:
2247:
2243:
2234:
2230:
2219:
2215:
2206:
2199:
2180:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2084:
2083:. Uschamber.com
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1994:"Suzanne Clark"
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1949:
1947:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1760:
1745:
1741:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1645:
1606:
1543:
1510:
1497:
1409:
1011:
994:
969:
949:
897:Paris Agreement
867:Aspen, Colorado
801:
778:
641:
610:political right
606:
604:Positions taken
514:Saxby Chambliss
433:
409:
404:
382:Charles Nagel,
288:
238:
227:
224:
212:
203:
200:
193:
187:
185:
165:
142:
112:
75:
73:
70:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5373:
5371:
5363:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5307:
5306:
5271:
5270:
5261:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5224:
5223:External links
5221:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5188:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5148:
5139:
5113:
5083:
5069:
5044:
5019:
5007:
4994:
4968:
4950:
4938:
4927:
4904:"Top Spenders"
4894:
4850:
4826:
4792:
4764:
4743:
4715:
4697:
4671:
4653:
4627:
4601:
4574:
4545:
4519:
4507:
4486:The New Yorker
4471:
4445:
4416:
4390:
4358:
4330:
4294:
4266:
4259:
4239:
4193:
4160:
4141:
4122:
4096:
4070:
4044:
4023:
3997:
3971:
3945:
3905:
3880:
3854:
3828:
3802:
3776:
3750:
3724:
3696:
3668:
3642:
3616:
3590:
3564:
3538:
3512:
3484:
3463:The New Yorker
3448:
3422:
3394:
3372:
3350:
3324:
3298:
3287:. June 1, 2012
3272:
3246:
3223:
3205:
3176:
3161:
3135:
3100:
3074:
3044:
3011:
2991:
2970:
2956:
2931:
2910:
2886:
2865:
2844:
2823:
2797:
2771:
2756:Lipton, Eric.
2748:
2727:
2701:
2678:
2648:
2627:
2601:
2575:
2557:
2529:
2522:
2494:
2466:
2438:
2417:
2371:
2345:
2325:
2303:
2286:
2269:
2254:
2241:
2228:
2213:
2197:
2163:
2148:
2133:
2112:
2094:
2072:
2036:
2011:
2000:. May 20, 2015
1985:
1957:
1921:
1895:
1869:
1845:
1828:
1802:
1795:
1775:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1728:Advocacy group
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1644:
1641:
1626:Keith Starrett
1610:Public Citizen
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:S&P Global
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1327:
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1321:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:$ 103,950,000
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1010:
1007:
993:
990:
968:
965:
948:
945:
937:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
878:Lindsey Graham
800:
799:Climate change
797:
796:
795:
782:
777:
774:
773:
772:
769:
762:
755:
752:
749:
746:
739:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
709:
706:
703:
700:
695:Supported the
693:
686:
682:
674:
662:
659:
654:Supported the
652:
649:
640:
637:
605:
602:
544:Think Progress
518:Elizabeth Dole
432:
429:
408:
405:
403:
400:
396:Daniel Webster
361:Evans Building
355:was the first
347:was the first
337:labor movement
333:President Taft
287:
284:
262:lobbying group
248:
247:
236:
232:
231:
228:
222:
219:
218:
215:
208:
207:
204:
198:
195:
194:
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166:
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148:
144:
143:
141:
140:
133:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
108:
105:
104:
102:advocacy group
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
27:Lobbying group
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5372:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
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3237:Business Week
3234:
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3110:
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2827:
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2811:ThinkProgress
2808:
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2714:Factcheck.org
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2589:ThinkProgress
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2307:
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2296:
2290:
2287:
2283:. p. 22.
2279:
2273:
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2258:
2255:
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2245:
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2232:
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2214:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2025:
2024:Bloomberg.com
2021:
2015:
2012:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1663:United States
1654:
1650:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:United States
1560:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:Hecate Energy
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1400:$ 15,200,000
1399:
1397:Philip Morris
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:$ 20,880,000
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:$ 18,820,000
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1349:$ 36,302,064
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:$ 27,445,497
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:$ 22,733,400
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:$ 29,000,000
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:$ 27,430,000
1280:
1277:
1275:$ 144,606,000
1274:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:$ 45,510,000
1263:
1261:PG&E Corp
1260:
1258:$ 157,187,500
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:$ 26,340,000
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:$ 41,464,580
1229:
1226:
1224:$ 136,300,000
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1213:$ 38,584,580
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:$ 55,057,053
1195:
1192:
1190:$ 124,080,000
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:$ 23,910,000
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:$ 64,821,111
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:$ 54,530,861
1144:
1141:
1139:$ 82,260,000
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:$ 72,808,648
1127:
1124:
1122:$ 94,800,000
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:$ 41,241,006
1110:
1107:
1105:$ 77,245,000
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:$ 84,113,368
1093:
1090:
1088:$ 81,940,000
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:$ 44,004,025
1076:
1073:
1071:$ 66,410,000
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1060:$ 81,738,132
1059:
1056:
1054:$ 81,030,000
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1034:US Cham. Rank
1033:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
991:
989:
987:
981:
978:
974:
966:
964:
962:
958:
954:
946:
944:
940:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
915:
914:
912:
907:
905:
900:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
882:Joe Lieberman
879:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
836:PNM Resources
833:
832:PG&E Corp
829:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
806:
798:
793:
792:
787:
783:
780:
779:
775:
770:
767:
763:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
740:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
714:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
694:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
642:
638:
636:
634:
633:establishment
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:and promotes
611:
603:
601:
599:
594:
590:
587:
582:
579:
574:
571:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:
532:
531:
524:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
479:Roberts Court
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
448:
443:
439:
437:
430:
428:
426:
421:
417:
413:
406:
401:
399:
397:
392:
385:
380:
376:
374:
370:
366:
365:Willard Hotel
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
325:
323:
317:
315:
305:
301:
298:
294:
285:
283:
281:
276:
273:
271:
270:Charles Nagel
267:
263:
259:
255:
245:
237:
233:
229:
220:
217:$ 175,893,100
216:
209:
206:$ 174,119,090
205:
196:
192:
184:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
164:
159:
156:
152:
149:
145:
138:
135:
134:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
111:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
88:Charles Nagel
86:
82:
68:
64:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5272:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5191:
5184:
5168:the original
5161:
5151:
5142:
5132:December 30,
5130:. Retrieved
5126:the original
5116:
5104:. Retrieved
5100:the original
5095:
5086:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5056:
5053:"Who We Are"
5047:
5035:. Retrieved
5031:
5028:"Who We Are"
5022:
5010:
4997:
4985:. Retrieved
4981:
4971:
4953:
4941:
4930:
4907:
4897:
4867:. Retrieved
4863:
4853:
4844:
4817:. Retrieved
4805:
4795:
4783:. Retrieved
4777:
4767:
4756:
4746:
4734:. Retrieved
4728:
4718:
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4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4684:the original
4674:
4665:
4656:
4644:. Retrieved
4640:
4630:
4618:. Retrieved
4613:
4604:
4592:. Retrieved
4586:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4561:
4536:. Retrieved
4531:
4522:
4510:
4498:. Retrieved
4484:
4474:
4464:December 29,
4462:. Retrieved
4458:
4448:
4436:. Retrieved
4431:The Guardian
4429:
4419:
4407:. Retrieved
4393:
4381:. Retrieved
4374:the original
4361:
4351:December 13,
4349:. Retrieved
4343:
4333:
4321:. Retrieved
4307:
4297:
4287:December 13,
4285:. Retrieved
4279:
4269:
4249:
4242:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:The Guardian
4206:
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4177:
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4113:. Retrieved
4099:
4087:. Retrieved
4083:the original
4073:
4061:. Retrieved
4057:
4047:
4036:
4026:
4014:. Retrieved
4010:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3984:
3974:
3962:. Retrieved
3958:
3948:
3922:. Retrieved
3918:
3908:
3896:. Retrieved
3892:
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3867:
3857:
3845:. Retrieved
3841:
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3815:
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3789:
3779:
3767:. Retrieved
3763:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3737:the original
3727:
3715:. Retrieved
3709:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3680:
3671:
3659:. Retrieved
3655:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:
3619:
3607:. Retrieved
3603:
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3577:
3567:
3557:November 22,
3555:. Retrieved
3551:the original
3541:
3529:. Retrieved
3525:
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3497:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3461:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3435:
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3407:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3375:
3363:. Retrieved
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:
3327:
3315:. Retrieved
3311:
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3284:
3281:"SAFETY Act"
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3259:
3249:
3241:the original
3236:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3189:
3179:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3147:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3112:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3086:
3077:
3065:. Retrieved
3057:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3031:the original
3024:
3014:
3003:
2994:
2983:
2973:
2959:
2948:
2923:
2913:
2905:the original
2898:
2889:
2878:
2868:
2857:
2847:
2836:
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2751:
2740:
2730:
2720:December 13,
2718:. Retrieved
2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2690:. Reason.com
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2665:the original
2651:
2640:
2630:
2618:. Retrieved
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:
2560:
2548:. Retrieved
2542:
2532:
2504:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2479:
2469:
2459:December 21,
2457:. Retrieved
2451:
2441:
2430:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2394:
2362:. Retrieved
2358:the original
2348:
2316:. Retrieved
2306:
2289:
2272:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2244:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2186:
2157:
2151:
2142:
2136:
2127:
2106:
2097:
2085:. Retrieved
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2049:
2039:
2027:. Retrieved
2023:
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1997:
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1970:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1934:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1872:
1862:December 30,
1860:. Retrieved
1838:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:
1805:
1785:
1778:
1766:
1721:
1720:
1633:Hilary Rosen
1630:
1616:(AMIBA) and
1607:
1585:
1578:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1502:
1498:
1410:
1394:$ 41,560,000
1377:$ 34,602,640
1360:$ 53,380,000
1343:$ 39,805,000
1329:AT&T Inc
1326:$ 72,995,000
1309:$ 53,082,500
1292:$ 91,955,000
1241:$ 66,370,000
1207:$ 74,470,000
1173:$ 64,190,000
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970:
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766:debt ceiling
759:DISCLOSE Act
757:Opposes the
741:Opposed the
734:Opposed the
676:Opposed the
630:
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556:
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506:Gordon Smith
483:
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456:
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4908:OpenSecrets
4869:October 18,
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4646:January 19,
4567:January 19,
4538:January 20,
4438:October 26,
4063:December 3,
4016:December 3,
3990:December 3,
3964:December 3,
3924:December 3,
3873:December 3,
3847:December 3,
3821:December 3,
3795:December 3,
3769:December 3,
3661:December 3,
3635:December 3,
3609:December 3,
3583:December 3,
3531:December 3,
3441:December 3,
3387:November 5,
3383:. Bipac.net
3343:December 3,
3317:December 3,
3291:December 3,
3265:December 3,
2760:. Ocala.com
2550:February 5,
2318:November 5,
2087:November 5,
2029:February 4,
2004:February 4,
1978:February 4,
1950:February 4,
1888:October 21,
1565:and abroad,
1295:Exxon Mobil
1278:Exxon Mobil
828:Exelon Corp
776:Court cases
639:Legislation
502:John Sununu
5309:Categories
4963:PolitiFact
4383:October 6,
3067:January 8,
3037:October 9,
1739:References
1604:Opposition
1440:ExxonMobil
947:Free trade
874:John Kerry
859:Moveon.org
626:free trade
561:asked the
557:President
540:Moveon.org
498:Republican
494:Al Franken
486:Democratic
242:.uschamber
223:Employees
115:53-0045720
110:Tax ID no.
76:1912-04-22
5037:March 10,
4814:0190-8286
4736:March 24,
4594:March 24,
4588:USA Today
4500:March 24,
4495:0028-792X
4323:March 24,
4318:0362-4331
3898:March 24,
3477:March 24,
3472:0028-792X
3415:March 24,
3123:0190-8286
3062:Bloomberg
3005:Bloomberg
2544:Roll Call
2487:March 12,
2405:0190-8286
2364:August 4,
2065:March 19,
2060:0190-8286
1945:0190-8286
1914:March 19,
1771:Guidestar
1559:IP rights
844:Nike, Inc
840:Apple Inc
784:Filed an
618:populists
357:secretary
349:president
211:Expenses
191:501(c)(3)
183:501(c)(3)
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5196:in JSTOR
5106:June 26,
5062:June 26,
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4730:The Hill
4434:. London
4409:April 5,
4403:NBC News
4224:cite web
4152:Archived
4133:Archived
4038:CBS News
3934:cite web
3365:April 5,
3198:July 12,
3154:July 16,
3093:July 30,
3026:The Hill
2985:HuffPost
2950:ABC News
2838:HuffPost
2816:April 5,
2790:April 5,
2785:Politico
2764:April 5,
2694:April 5,
2671:April 5,
2620:April 5,
2614:ABC News
2594:April 5,
2570:Politico
2481:HuffPost
2193:original
1972:The Hill
1722:General:
1675:Business
1643:See also
1443:Facebook
1015:lobbying
851:PG&E
685:economy.
527:Drive",
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341:chairman
199:Revenue
130:Location
5268:Twitter
5078:"Staff"
4690:July 3,
4620:May 12,
4345:Reuters
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4186:June 6,
4179:Reuters
4115:May 26,
3743:July 3,
3717:July 3,
3689:July 3,
3505:May 26,
3218:AP News
3128:June 6,
2410:June 6,
2130:. 2020.
2109:. 2020.
1821:July 1,
1649:Portals
1561:in the
1470:PepsiCo
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886:350.org
598:PRO Act
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1455:Google
1416:Abbott
880:, and
863:Toyota
838:, and
546:, and
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343:, and
225:(2015)
213:(2015)
201:(2015)
147:Method
139:, U.S.
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4377:(PDF)
4370:(PDF)
2340:(PDF)
2298:(PDF)
2281:(PDF)
1422:Bayer
1150:2016
1133:2017
1116:2018
1099:2019
1082:2020
1065:2021
1048:2022
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681:2010.
369:lobby
5163:Time
5134:2015
5108:2019
5064:2019
5039:2021
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4692:2015
4648:2021
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3691:2015
3663:2018
3637:2018
3611:2018
3585:2018
3559:2011
3533:2018
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3367:2012
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3095:2021
3069:2014
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2818:2012
2792:2012
2766:2012
2722:2010
2696:2012
2673:2012
2661:CNBC
2622:2012
2596:2012
2552:2011
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2489:2013
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2401:ISSN
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1380:AARP
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